xref: /netbsd-src/lib/libpam/modules/pam_unix/pam_unix.c (revision f876c1012ec8280866d3287842a50de849d25967)
1 /*	$NetBSD: pam_unix.c,v 1.7 2005/03/31 15:11:54 thorpej Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright 1998 Juniper Networks, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Portions of this software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by
10  * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
11  * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
12  * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
13  *
14  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
16  * are met:
17  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
23  *    products derived from this software without specific prior written
24  *    permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 
39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
40 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
41 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/libpam/modules/pam_unix/pam_unix.c,v 1.49 2004/02/10 10:13:21 des Exp $");
42 #else
43 __RCSID("$NetBSD: pam_unix.c,v 1.7 2005/03/31 15:11:54 thorpej Exp $");
44 #endif
45 
46 
47 #include <sys/types.h>
48 
49 #include <ctype.h>
50 #include <errno.h>
51 #include <fcntl.h>
52 #include <pwd.h>
53 #include <grp.h>
54 #include <limits.h>
55 #include <stdlib.h>
56 #include <string.h>
57 #include <stdio.h>
58 #include <login_cap.h>
59 #include <time.h>
60 #include <tzfile.h>
61 #include <unistd.h>
62 
63 #include <util.h>
64 
65 #ifdef YP
66 #include <rpc/rpc.h>
67 #include <rpcsvc/ypclnt.h>
68 #include <rpcsvc/yppasswd.h>
69 #endif
70 
71 #define PAM_SM_AUTH
72 #define PAM_SM_ACCOUNT
73 #define	PAM_SM_PASSWORD
74 
75 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
76 #include <security/pam_modules.h>
77 #include <security/pam_mod_misc.h>
78 
79 /*
80  * authentication management
81  */
82 PAM_EXTERN int
83 /*ARGSUSED*/
84 pam_sm_authenticate(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags __unused,
85     int argc __unused, const char *argv[] __unused)
86 {
87 	login_cap_t *lc;
88 	struct passwd *pwd, pwres;
89 	int retval;
90 	const char *pass, *user, *realpw;
91 	char pwbuf[1024];
92 
93 	if (openpam_get_option(pamh, PAM_OPT_AUTH_AS_SELF)) {
94 		(void) getpwnam_r(getlogin(), &pwres, pwbuf, sizeof(pwbuf),
95 				  &pwd);
96 	} else {
97 		retval = pam_get_user(pamh, &user, NULL);
98 		if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
99 			return (retval);
100 		PAM_LOG("Got user: %s", user);
101 		(void) getpwnam_r(user, &pwres, pwbuf, sizeof(pwbuf), &pwd);
102 	}
103 
104 	if (pwd != NULL) {
105 		PAM_LOG("Doing real authentication");
106 		realpw = pwd->pw_passwd;
107 		if (realpw[0] == '\0') {
108 			if (!(flags & PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK) &&
109 			    openpam_get_option(pamh, PAM_OPT_NULLOK))
110 				return (PAM_SUCCESS);
111 			realpw = "*";
112 		}
113 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
114 	} else {
115 		PAM_LOG("Doing dummy authentication");
116 		realpw = "*";
117 		lc = login_getclass(NULL);
118 	}
119 	retval = pam_get_authtok(pamh, PAM_AUTHTOK, &pass, NULL);
120 	login_close(lc);
121 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
122 		return (retval);
123 	PAM_LOG("Got password");
124 	if (strcmp(crypt(pass, realpw), realpw) == 0)
125 		return (PAM_SUCCESS);
126 
127 	PAM_VERBOSE_ERROR("UNIX authentication refused");
128 	return (PAM_AUTH_ERR);
129 }
130 
131 PAM_EXTERN int
132 /*ARGSUSED*/
133 pam_sm_setcred(pam_handle_t *pamh __unused, int flags __unused,
134     int argc __unused, const char *argv[] __unused)
135 {
136 
137 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
138 }
139 
140 /*
141  * account management
142  */
143 PAM_EXTERN int
144 /*ARGSUSED*/
145 pam_sm_acct_mgmt(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags __unused,
146     int argc __unused, const char *argv[] __unused)
147 {
148 	struct passwd *pwd, pwres;
149 	struct timeval now;
150 	login_cap_t *lc;
151 	time_t warntime;
152 	int retval;
153 	const char *user;
154 	char pwbuf[1024];
155 
156 	retval = pam_get_user(pamh, &user, NULL);
157 	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
158 		return (retval);
159 
160 	if (user == NULL ||
161 	    getpwnam_r(user, &pwres, pwbuf, sizeof(pwbuf), &pwd) != 0)
162 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
163 
164 	PAM_LOG("Got user: %s", user);
165 
166 	if (*pwd->pw_passwd == '\0' &&
167 	    (flags & PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK) != 0)
168 		return (PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD);
169 
170 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
171 	if (lc == NULL) {
172 		PAM_LOG("Unable to get login class for user %s", user);
173 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
174 	}
175 
176 	PAM_LOG("Got login_cap");
177 
178 	if (pwd->pw_change || pwd->pw_expire)
179 		(void) gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
180 
181 	warntime = (time_t)login_getcaptime(lc, "password-warn",
182 	    (quad_t)(_PASSWORD_WARNDAYS * SECSPERDAY),
183 	    (quad_t)(_PASSWORD_WARNDAYS * SECSPERDAY));
184 
185 	/*
186 	 * Check pw_expire before pw_change - no point in letting the
187 	 * user change the password on an expired account.
188 	 */
189 
190 	if (pwd->pw_expire) {
191 		if (now.tv_sec >= pwd->pw_expire) {
192 			login_close(lc);
193 			return (PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED);
194 		} else if (pwd->pw_expire - now.tv_sec < warntime &&
195 		    (flags & PAM_SILENT) == 0) {
196 			pam_error(pamh, "Warning: your account expires on %s",
197 			    ctime(&pwd->pw_expire));
198 		}
199 	}
200 
201 	if (pwd->pw_change) {
202 		/* XXX How to handle _PASSWORD_CHGNOW?  --thorpej */
203 		if (now.tv_sec >= pwd->pw_change) {
204 			login_close(lc);
205 			return (PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD);
206 		} else if (pwd->pw_change - now.tv_sec < warntime &&
207 		    (flags & PAM_SILENT) == 0) {
208 			pam_error(pamh, "Warning: your password expires on %s",
209 			    ctime(&pwd->pw_change));
210 		}
211 	}
212 
213 	login_close(lc);
214 
215 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
216 }
217 
218 #ifdef YP
219 /*
220  * yp_check_user:
221  *
222  *	Helper function; check that a user exists in the NIS
223  *	password map.
224  */
225 static int
226 yp_check_user(const char *domain, const char *user)
227 {
228 	char *val;
229 	int reason, vallen;
230 
231 	val = NULL;
232 	reason = yp_match(domain, "passwd.byname", user, (int)strlen(user),
233 	    &val, &vallen);
234 	if (reason != 0) {
235 		if (val != NULL)
236 			free(val);
237 		return (0);
238 	}
239 	free(val);
240 	return (1);
241 }
242 
243 static int
244 /*ARGSUSED*/
245 yp_set_password(pam_handle_t *pamh, struct passwd *opwd,
246     struct passwd *pwd, const char *old_pass, const char *domain)
247 {
248 	char *master;
249 	int r, rpcport, status;
250 	struct yppasswd yppwd;
251 	CLIENT *client;
252 	uid_t uid;
253 	int retval = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
254 	struct timeval tv;
255 
256 	/*
257 	 * Find the master for the passwd map; it should be running
258 	 * rpc.yppasswdd.
259 	 */
260 	if ((r = yp_master(domain, "passwd.byname", &master)) != 0) {
261 		pam_error(pamh, "Can't find master NIS server.  Reason: %s",
262 		    yperr_string(r));
263 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
264 	}
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Ask the portmapper for the port of rpc.yppasswdd.
268 	 */
269 	if ((rpcport = getrpcport(master, YPPASSWDPROG,
270 				  YPPASSWDPROC_UPDATE, IPPROTO_UDP)) == 0) {
271 		pam_error(pamh,
272 		    "Master NIS server not runing yppasswd daemon.\n\t"
273 		    "Can't change NIS password.");
274 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
275 	}
276 
277 	/*
278 	 * Be sure the port is privileged.
279 	 */
280 	if (rpcport >= IPPORT_RESERVED) {
281 		pam_error(pamh, "yppasswd daemon is on an invalid port.");
282 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
283 	}
284 
285 	uid = getuid();
286 	if (uid != 0 && uid != pwd->pw_uid) {
287 		pam_error(pamh, "You may only change your own password: %s",
288 		    strerror(EACCES));
289 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
290 	}
291 
292 	/*
293 	 * Fill in the yppasswd structure for yppasswdd.
294 	 */
295 	memset(&yppwd, 0, sizeof(yppwd));
296 	yppwd.oldpass = strdup(old_pass);
297 	if ((yppwd.newpw.pw_passwd = strdup(pwd->pw_passwd)) == NULL)
298 		goto malloc_failure;
299 	if ((yppwd.newpw.pw_name = strdup(pwd->pw_name)) == NULL)
300 		goto malloc_failure;
301 	yppwd.newpw.pw_uid = pwd->pw_uid;
302 	yppwd.newpw.pw_gid = pwd->pw_gid;
303 	if ((yppwd.newpw.pw_gecos = strdup(pwd->pw_gecos)) == NULL)
304 		goto malloc_failure;
305 	if ((yppwd.newpw.pw_dir = strdup(pwd->pw_dir)) == NULL)
306 		goto malloc_failure;
307 	if ((yppwd.newpw.pw_shell = strdup(pwd->pw_shell)) == NULL)
308 		goto malloc_failure;
309 
310 	client = clnt_create(master, YPPASSWDPROG, YPPASSWDVERS, "udp");
311 	if (client == NULL) {
312 		pam_error(pamh, "Can't contact yppasswdd on %s: Reason: %s",
313 		    master, yperr_string(YPERR_YPBIND));
314 		goto out;
315 	}
316 
317 	client->cl_auth = authunix_create_default();
318 	tv.tv_sec = 2;
319 	tv.tv_usec = 0;
320 	r = clnt_call(client, YPPASSWDPROC_UPDATE,
321 	    xdr_yppasswd, &yppwd, xdr_int, &status, tv);
322 	if (r)
323 		pam_error(pamh, "RPC to yppasswdd failed.");
324 	else if (status)
325 		pam_error(pamh, "Couldn't change NIS password.");
326 	else {
327 		pam_info(pamh, "The NIS password has been changed on %s, "
328 		    "the master NIS passwd server.", master);
329 		retval = PAM_SUCCESS;
330 	}
331 
332  out:
333 	if (yppwd.oldpass != NULL)
334 		free(yppwd.oldpass);
335 	if (yppwd.newpw.pw_passwd != NULL)
336 		free(yppwd.newpw.pw_passwd);
337 	if (yppwd.newpw.pw_name != NULL)
338 		free(yppwd.newpw.pw_name);
339 	if (yppwd.newpw.pw_gecos != NULL)
340 		free(yppwd.newpw.pw_gecos);
341 	if (yppwd.newpw.pw_dir != NULL)
342 		free(yppwd.newpw.pw_dir);
343 	if (yppwd.newpw.pw_shell != NULL)
344 		free(yppwd.newpw.pw_shell);
345 	return (retval);
346 
347  malloc_failure:
348 	pam_error(pamh, "memory allocation failure");
349 	goto out;
350 }
351 #endif /* YP */
352 
353 static int
354 local_set_password(pam_handle_t *pamh, struct passwd *opwd,
355     struct passwd *pwd)
356 {
357 	char errbuf[200];
358 	int tfd, pfd;
359 
360 	pw_init();
361 	tfd = pw_lock(0);
362 	if (tfd < 0) {
363 		pam_error(pamh, "The password file is busy, waiting...");
364 		tfd = pw_lock(10);
365 		if (tfd < 0) {
366 			pam_error(pamh, "The password file is still busy, "
367 			    "try again later.");
368 			return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
369 		}
370 	}
371 
372 	pfd = open(_PATH_MASTERPASSWD, O_RDONLY, 0);
373 	if (pfd < 0) {
374 		pam_error(pamh, "%s: %s", _PATH_MASTERPASSWD, strerror(errno));
375 		pw_abort();
376 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
377 	}
378 
379 	if (pw_copyx(pfd, tfd, pwd, opwd, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)) == 0) {
380 		pam_error(pamh, "Unable to update password entry: %s",
381 		    errbuf);
382 		pw_abort();
383 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
384 	}
385 
386 	if (pw_mkdb(pwd->pw_name, opwd->pw_change == pwd->pw_change) < 0) {
387 		pam_error(pamh, "Unable to rebuild local password database.");
388 		pw_abort();
389 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
390 	}
391 
392 	return (PAM_SUCCESS);
393 }
394 
395 /*
396  * password management
397  *
398  * standard Unix and NIS password changing
399  */
400 PAM_EXTERN int
401 /*ARGSUSED*/
402 pam_sm_chauthtok(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
403     int argc __unused, const char *argv[] __unused)
404 {
405 	struct passwd *pwd, old_pwd;
406 	login_cap_t *lc;
407 	const char *user, *passwd_db, *new_pass, *old_pass, *p;
408 	int retval, tries, min_pw_len = 0, pw_expiry = 0;
409 	char salt[_PASSWORD_LEN+1];
410 	char old_pwbuf[1024];
411 #ifdef YP
412 	char *domain;
413 	int r;
414 #endif
415 
416 	if (openpam_get_option(pamh, PAM_OPT_AUTH_AS_SELF))
417 		(void) getpwnam_r(getlogin(), &old_pwd, old_pwbuf,
418 				  sizeof(old_pwbuf), &pwd);
419 	else {
420 		retval = pam_get_user(pamh, &user, NULL);
421 		if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
422 			return (retval);
423 		(void) getpwnam_r(user, &old_pwd, old_pwbuf,
424 				  sizeof(old_pwbuf), &pwd);
425 	}
426 
427 	if (pwd == NULL)
428 		return (PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVERY_ERR);
429 
430 	PAM_LOG("Got user: %s", user);
431 
432 	/*
433 	 * Determine which password type we're going to change, and
434 	 * remember it.
435 	 *
436 	 * NOTE: domain does not need to be freed; its storage is
437 	 * allocated statically in libc.
438 	 */
439 	passwd_db = openpam_get_option(pamh, "passwd_db");
440 	if (passwd_db == NULL) {
441 #ifdef YP
442 		/* Prefer YP, if configured. */
443 		if (_yp_check(NULL)) {
444 			/* If _yp_check() succeeded, then this must. */
445 			if ((r = yp_get_default_domain(&domain)) != 0) {
446 				pam_error(pamh,
447 				    "Unable to get NIS domain, reason: %s",
448 				    yperr_string(r));
449 				return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
450 			}
451 			if (yp_check_user(domain, user))
452 				passwd_db = "nis";
453 		}
454 #endif
455 		/* Otherwise we always use local files. */
456 		if (passwd_db == NULL) {
457 			/* XXX Any validation to do here? */
458 			passwd_db = "files";
459 		}
460 
461 		if (passwd_db == NULL) {
462 			pam_error(pamh, "Unable to determine Unix password DB");
463 			return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
464 		} else if ((retval = openpam_set_option(pamh, "passwd_db",
465 						passwd_db)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
466 			return (retval);
467 		}
468 	} else {
469 		/* Check to see if the specified password DB is usable. */
470 #ifdef YP
471 		if (strcmp(passwd_db, "nis") == 0) {
472 			if (_yp_check(NULL) == 0) {
473 				pam_error(pamh, "NIS not in use.");
474 				return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
475 			}
476 			if ((r = yp_get_default_domain(&domain)) != 0) {
477 				pam_error(pamh,
478 				    "Unable to get NIS domain, reason: %s",
479 				    yperr_string(r));
480 				return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
481 			}
482 			if (yp_check_user(domain, user) == 0) {
483 				pam_error(pamh,
484 				    "User %s does not exist in NIS.", user);
485 				return (PAM_USER_UNKNOWN);
486 			}
487 			goto known_passwd_db;
488 		}
489 #endif
490 		if (strcmp(passwd_db, "files") == 0) {
491 			/* XXX Any validation to do here? */
492 			goto known_passwd_db;
493 		}
494 		pam_error(pamh, "Unknown Unix password DB: %s", passwd_db);
495 		return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
496 	}
497  known_passwd_db:
498 
499 	if (flags & PAM_PRELIM_CHECK) {
500 		PAM_LOG("PRELIM round");
501 
502 		if (strcmp(passwd_db, "files") == 0) {
503 			if (getuid() == 0) {
504 				/* Root doesn't need the old password. */
505 				return (pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_OLDAUTHTOK, ""));
506 			}
507 		}
508 
509 		if (pwd->pw_passwd[0] == '\0') {
510 			/*
511 			 * No password case.
512 			 * XXX Are we giviing too much away by not prompting
513 			 * XXX for a password?
514 			 * XXX Check PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK
515 			 */
516 			return (pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_OLDAUTHTOK, ""));
517 		} else {
518 			retval = pam_get_authtok(pamh, PAM_OLDAUTHTOK,
519 			    &old_pass, NULL);
520 			if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
521 				return (retval);
522 			if (strcmp(crypt(old_pass, pwd->pw_passwd),
523 				   pwd->pw_passwd) != 0)
524 				return (PAM_PERM_DENIED);
525 			return (PAM_SUCCESS);
526 		}
527 	}
528 
529 	if (flags & PAM_UPDATE_AUTHTOK) {
530 		char option[LINE_MAX], *key, *opt;
531 
532 		PAM_LOG("UPDATE round");
533 
534 		if ((lc = login_getclass(pwd->pw_class)) != NULL) {
535 			min_pw_len = (int) login_getcapnum(lc,
536 			    "minpasswordlen", (quad_t)0, (quad_t)0);
537 			pw_expiry = (int) login_getcapnum(lc,
538 			    "passwordtime", (quad_t)0, (quad_t)0);
539 			login_close(lc);
540 		}
541 
542 		retval = pam_get_authtok(pamh, PAM_OLDAUTHTOK, &old_pass, NULL);
543 		if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS)
544 			return (retval);
545 
546 		/* Get the new password. */
547 		for (tries = 0;;) {
548 			pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_AUTHTOK, NULL);
549 			retval = pam_get_authtok(pamh, PAM_AUTHTOK, &new_pass,
550 			    NULL);
551 			if (retval == PAM_TRY_AGAIN) {
552 				pam_error(pamh,
553 				    "Mismatch; try again, EOF to quit.");
554 				continue;
555 			}
556 			if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS) {
557 				PAM_VERBOSE_ERROR("Unable to get new password");
558 				return (retval);
559 			}
560 			/* Successfully got new password. */
561 			if (new_pass[0] == '\0') {
562 				pam_info(pamh, "Password unchanged.");
563 				return (PAM_SUCCESS);
564 			}
565 			if (min_pw_len > 0 && strlen(new_pass) < min_pw_len) {
566 				pam_error(pamh, "Password is too short.");
567 				continue;
568 			}
569 			if (strlen(new_pass) <= 5 && ++tries < 2) {
570 				pam_error(pamh,
571 				    "Please enter a longer password.");
572 				continue;
573 			}
574 			for (p = new_pass; *p && islower((unsigned char)*p); ++p);
575 			if (!*p && ++tries < 2) {
576 				pam_error(pamh,
577 				    "Please don't use an all-lower case "
578 				    "password.\nUnusual capitalization, "
579 				    "control characters or digits are "
580 				    "suggested.");
581 				continue;
582 			}
583 			/* Password is OK. */
584 			break;
585 		}
586 		pw_getpwconf(option, sizeof(option), pwd,
587 #ifdef YP
588 		    strcmp(passwd_db, "nis") == 0 ? "ypcipher" :
589 #endif
590 		    "localcipher");
591 		opt = option;
592 		key = strsep(&opt, ",");
593 
594 		if (pw_gensalt(salt, _PASSWORD_LEN, key, opt) == -1) {
595 			pam_error(pamh, "Couldn't generate salt.");
596 			return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
597 		}
598 
599 		pwd->pw_passwd = crypt(new_pass, salt);
600 		pwd->pw_change = pw_expiry ? pw_expiry + time(NULL) : 0;
601 
602 		retval = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
603 		if (strcmp(passwd_db, "files") == 0)
604 			retval = local_set_password(pamh, &old_pwd, pwd);
605 #ifdef YP
606 		if (strcmp(passwd_db, "nis") == 0)
607 			retval = yp_set_password(pamh, &old_pwd, pwd, old_pass,
608 			    domain);
609 #endif
610 		return (retval);
611 	}
612 
613 	PAM_LOG("Illegal flags argument");
614 	return (PAM_ABORT);
615 }
616 
617 PAM_MODULE_ENTRY("pam_unix");
618