1.\" $NetBSD: _exit.2,v 1.9 1998/04/28 22:28:30 fair Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)_exit.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 4, 1993 37.Dt EXIT 2 38.Os BSD 4 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm _exit 41.Nd terminate the calling process 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Fd #include <unistd.h> 44.Ft void 45.Fn _exit "int status" 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Fn _exit 49function terminates a process with the following consequences: 50.Bl -bullet 51.It 52All of the descriptors open in the calling process are closed. 53This may entail delays, for example, waiting for output to drain; 54a process in this state may not be killed, as it is already dying. 55.It 56If the parent process of the calling process has an outstanding 57.Xr wait 2 58call 59or catches the 60.Dv SIGCHLD 61signal, 62it is notified of the calling process's termination and 63the 64.Em status 65is set as defined by 66.Xr wait 2 . 67.It 68The parent process-ID of all of the calling process's existing child 69processes are set to 1; the initialization process 70(see the DEFINITIONS section of 71.Xr intro 2 ) 72inherits each of these processes. 73.It 74If the termination of the process causes any process group 75to become orphaned (usually because the parents of all members 76of the group have now exited; see 77.Dq orphaned process group 78in 79.Xr intro 2 ) , 80and if any member of the orphaned group is stopped, 81the 82.Dv SIGHUP 83signal and the 84.Dv SIGCONT 85signal are sent to all members of the newly-orphaned process group. 86.It 87If the process is a controlling process (see 88.Xr intro 2 ) , 89the 90.Dv SIGHUP 91signal is sent to the foreground process group of the controlling terminal, 92and all current access to the controlling terminal is revoked. 93.El 94.Pp 95Most C programs call the library routine 96.Xr exit 3 , 97which flushes buffers, closes streams, unlinks temporary files, etc., 98before 99calling 100.Fn _exit . 101.Sh RETURN VALUE 102.Fn _exit 103can never return. 104.Sh SEE ALSO 105.Xr fork 2 , 106.Xr sigaction 2 , 107.Xr wait 2 , 108.Xr exit 3 109.Sh STANDARDS 110The 111.Fn _exit 112function conforms to 113.St -p1003.1-90 . 114