1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D 24 25# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26# Northern Territory 27Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 28 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 29 9:30 Aus AC%sT 30# Western Australia 31# 32# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 34Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 35Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 38Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 40Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 41Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 42Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 43 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 44 8:00 AW AW%sT 45Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 47 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 48 49# Queensland 50# 51# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 52# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 53# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 54# Queensland ceased to. 55# 56# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 57# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 58# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 59# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 60# so use Lindeman. 61# 62# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 63# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 64# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 65# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 66# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 67# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 68# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 69# 70# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 72Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 73Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 74Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 75Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 76Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 77Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 78 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 79 10:00 AQ AE%sT 80Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 83 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 84 85# South Australia 86# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 102# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 103Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 104 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 105 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 106 9:30 AS AC%sT 107 108# Tasmania 109# 110# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 111# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 112# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 113# 114# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 116Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 118Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 129Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 135Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 137Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143 144# Victoria 145# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 146Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 150Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 160# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 163 10:00 AV AE%sT 164 165# New South Wales 166# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 168Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 169Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 170Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 183# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 186 10:00 AN AE%sT 187Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 189 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 190 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 191 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 192 9:30 AS AC%sT 193 194# Lord Howe Island 195# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 197Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 210Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 212 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 213 10:30 LH +1030/+11 214 215# Australian miscellany 216# 217# Ashmore Is, Cartier 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 219# no times are set 220# 221# Coral Sea Is 222# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 223# no times are set 224# 225# Macquarie 226# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 227# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 228# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 229# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 230# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 231# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 232# 233# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 234# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 235# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 236# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 237# on 4 April. 238# 239# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 240# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 241# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 242# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 243# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 244Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 245 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 246 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 247 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 248 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 250 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 253 254# Christmas 255# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 257 7:00 - +07 258 259# Cocos (Keeling) Islands 260# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 262 6:30 - +0630 263 264# Fiji 265 266# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 267 268# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 269# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 270# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 271# 272# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 273# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 274# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 275 276# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 277# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 278# amendments: 279# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 280 281# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 282# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 283# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 284# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 285# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 286# 287# Official source: 288# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 289# 290# A bit more background info here: 291# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 292 293# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 294# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 295# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 296# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 297# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 298# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 299# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 300 301# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 302# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 303# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 304# 305# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 306# which says 307# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 308# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 309# 2am on February 26 next year. 310 311# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 312# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 313# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 314# 315# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 316# states: 317# 318# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 319# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 320# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 321# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 322 323# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 324# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 325# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 326# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 327# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 328 329# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 330# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 331# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 333 334# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 335# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 336# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-(1).aspx 337 338# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 339# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 340# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 341 342# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 343# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 344# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 345# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 346# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 347# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 348 349# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 350# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 351# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 352# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 353# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 354 355# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 356# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 357# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 358# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 359 360# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 361# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 362# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 363 364# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 365# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 366# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 367# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 368# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 369# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 370# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 371# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 372# than guessing no DST. 373# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 374# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 375 376# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 377# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 378# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 379# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 380# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 381# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 382# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 383# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 384# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 385# 386# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan 387# (2021-10-12): 388# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21 389# https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/ 390# In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in 391# Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the 392# suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process 393# of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight 394# Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of 395# scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be 396# concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple 397# thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and 398# internationally." 399 400# From Shalvin Narayan (2022-10-27): 401# Please note that there will not be any daylight savings time change 402# in Fiji for 2022-2023.... 403# https://www.facebook.com/FijianGovernment/posts/pfbid0mmWVTYmTibn66ybpFda75pDcf34SSpoSaskJW5gXwaKo5Sgc7273Q4fXWc6kQV6Hl 404# 405# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-27): 406# For now, assume DST is suspended indefinitely. 407 408# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 409Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 410Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 411Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 412Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 413Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 414Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 415Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 416Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 417Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 418Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 419Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 420Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 421# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 423 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 424 425# French Polynesia 426# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 428 -9:00 - -09 429Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 430 -9:30 - -0930 431Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 432 -10:00 - -10 433# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 434# it is uninhabited. 435 436 437# Guam 438 439# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 440# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 441# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 442Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 443# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 444Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 445# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 446Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 447# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 448Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 449# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 450Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 451Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 452# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 453# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 454# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 455Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 456Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 457# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 458Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 459# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 460Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 461# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 462Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 463# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 464Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 465# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 466Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 467# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 468Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 469 470# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 471Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 472 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 473 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 474 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 475 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 476 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 477 478 479# Kiribati (Gilbert Is) 480# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 481Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 482 12:00 - +12 483 484# Kiribati (except Gilbert Is) 485# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31 487 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 488 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 489 13:00 - +13 490Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 491 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 492 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 493 14:00 - +14 494 495# N Mariana Is 496# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 497Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 498 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 499 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 9 500 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 501 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 502 503# Marshall Is 504# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 505Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 506 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 507 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 508 11:00 - +11 1937 509 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 510 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 511 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 512 12:00 - +12 513 514# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 516 11:00 - +11 1937 517 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 518 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 519 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 520 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 521 12:00 - +12 522 523# Micronesia 524# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 526 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 527 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 528 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 529 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 530 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 531 10:00 - +10 532 533# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 534Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 535 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 536 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 537 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 538 11:00 - +11 1937 539 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 540 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 541 11:00 - +11 542 543# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 544Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 545 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 546 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 547 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 548 11:00 - +11 1937 549 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 550 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 551 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 552 12:00 - +12 1999 553 11:00 - +11 554 555# Nauru 556# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 557Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 558 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 559 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 560 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 561 12:00 - +12 562 563# New Caledonia 564# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 565Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 566Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 567Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 568# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 569Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 570# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 571Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 572 11:00 NC +11/+12 573 574 575############################################################################### 576 577# New Zealand 578# McMurdo Station and Scott Base in Antarctica use Auckland time. 579 580# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 581Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 582Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 583Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 584Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 585Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 586Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 587Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 588# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 589# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 590# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 591# time to percolate out. 592Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 593Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 594Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 595Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 596Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 597Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 598Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 599Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 600Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 601Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 602Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 603Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 604Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 605Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 606Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 607Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 608Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 609Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 610# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 611Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 612 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 613 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 614 615# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 616Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956 617 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 618 619Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 620 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 621 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 622 623# Auckland Is 624# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 625# and scientific personnel have wintered 626 627# Campbell I 628# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 629# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 630# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 631# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 632 633# Cook Is 634# 635# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24): 636# In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar. 637# According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of 638# the International Date line, when they came from Sydney. 639# Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead.... 640# http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html 641# ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 642# https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3 643# (page 20) 644# 645# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24): 646# ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at 647# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/ 648# "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the 649# Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island." 650# so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915. 651# This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ... 652# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/ 653# "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook 654# Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were 655# situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes 656# West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be 657# determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and 658# seventy degrees West of Greenwich." 659# This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it 660# applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just 661# legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of 662# 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19. 663# 664# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24): 665# Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 666# 667# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 668Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 669Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 670Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 671# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 672Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua 673 -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 674 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 675 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 676 677############################################################################### 678 679 680# Niue 681# See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition. 682# 683# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13): 684# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for 685# Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964: 686# Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23 687# Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23 688# Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition. 689 690# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 691Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi 692 -11:20 - -1120 1964 Jul 693 -11:00 - -11 694 695# Norfolk 696# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 697Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 698 11:12 - +1112 1951 699 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 700 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 701 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 702 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 703 11:00 AN +11/+12 704 705# Palau (Belau) 706# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 707Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 708 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 709 9:00 - +09 710 711# Papua New Guinea 712# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 713Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 714 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 715 10:00 - +10 716# 717# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 718# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 719# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 720# 721# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 722# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 723# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 724# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 725# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 726# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 727# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 728# 729# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 730# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 731# See: 732# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 733# 734Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 735 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 736 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 737 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 738 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 739 11:00 - +11 740 741# Pitcairn 742# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 744 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 745 -8:00 - -08 746 747# American Samoa 748Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 749 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 750 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 751 752# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 753 754# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 755# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 756# the following info: 757# 758# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 759# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 760# Sunday of April 2011." 761# 762# Background info: 763# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 764# 765# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 766# contain any dates: 767# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20(English)%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 768 769# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 770# Please see 771# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 772# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 773# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 774# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 775# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 776 777# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 778# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 779# 780# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 781# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 782# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 783# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 784 785# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 786# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 787# 788# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 789 790# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 791# The International Date Line Act 2011 792# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 793# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 794# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 795# accordingly. 796 797# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 798# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 799# 800# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 801# 802# DST 803# Year End Time Start Time 804# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 805# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 806# 807# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 808# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 809# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 810# 811# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 812# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 813# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 814# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 815# 816# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 817# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 818# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 819# 820# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): 821# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf 822# DST has been cancelled for this year. 823 824# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 825Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 826Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 827Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 828Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 829Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 830# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 831Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 832 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 833 -11:30 - -1130 1950 834 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 835 13:00 WS +13/+14 836 837# Solomon Is 838# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 839# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 840Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 841 11:00 - +11 842 843# Tokelau 844# 845# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 846# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 847# December 31 this year ... 848# 849# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 850# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 851# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 852# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 853# actually was to UT-11 back then. 854# 855# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 856# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 857# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 858# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 859# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 860# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 861 862# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 863Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 864 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 865 13:00 - +13 866 867# Tonga 868# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 869Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 870Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 871Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 872Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 873Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 874Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 875# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 876Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 877 12:20 - +1220 1961 878 13:00 - +13 1999 879 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 880 881# Tuvalu 882# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 883Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 884 12:00 - +12 885 886# US minor outlying islands 887 888# Howland, Baker 889# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 890# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 891# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 892# uninhabited thereafter. 893# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 894# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 895# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 896# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 897# until they were abandoned after the war. 898 899# Jarvis 900# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 901# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 902# uninhabited thereafter. 903# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 904 905# Johnston 906# 907# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 908# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 909# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 910# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 911# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 912# 913# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 914# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 915# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 916# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 917# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 918# 919# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 920# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 921# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 922# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 923# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 924# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 925# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 926# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 927# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 928# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 929# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 930# Minus One Hour". 931 932# Kingman 933# uninhabited 934 935# Midway 936# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 937Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 938 -11:00 - -11 1956 Jun 3 939 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 940 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 941 942# Palmyra 943# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 944 945# Wake 946# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 947Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 948 12:00 - +12 949 950# Vanuatu 951 952# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 953# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 954# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 955# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 956# 957# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 958# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 959# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 960# 961# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] 962# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 963# 964# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) 965# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 966# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html 967# 968# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] 969# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ 970# 971# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] 972# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 973 974# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 975Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - 976Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - 977Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 978Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 979Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 980Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 981# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 982Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 983 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 984 985# Wallis and Futuna 986# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 987Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 988 12:00 - +12 989 990 991############################################################################### 992 993# NOTES 994 995# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 996# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 997# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 998# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 999 1000# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1001# 1002# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 1003# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 1004# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 1005# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 1006# 1007# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 1008# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 1009# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 1010# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 1011# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 1012# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 1013# 1014# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 1015# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 1016# I found in the UCLA library. 1017# 1018# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 1019# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 1020# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 1021# 1022# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 1023# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 1024# 1025# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 1026# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 1027# Corrections are welcome! 1028# std dst 1029# LMT Local Mean Time 1030# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 1031# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 1032# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 1033# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 1034# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 1035# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 1036# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 1037# -11:00 SST Samoa 1038# -10:00 HST Hawaii 1039# 1040# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 1041# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 1042 1043############################################################################### 1044 1045# Australia 1046 1047# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1048# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 1049# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 1050# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 1051# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 1052# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 1053# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 1054# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 1055# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 1056# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 1057# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 1058# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 1059 1060# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1061# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] 1062# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ 1063# 1064# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] 1065# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ 1066# 1067# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] 1068# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 1069# 1070# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] 1071# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 1072# 1073# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] 1074# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 1075# 1076# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. 1077 1078 1079# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 1080# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 1081# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 1082# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 1083 1084# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 1085# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 1086# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 1087# covers New South Wales in particular. 1088 1089# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1090# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 1091# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 1092# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 1093# abbreviation does _not_ change... 1094# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 1095# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 1096# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 1097# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 1098# time'. 1099# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 1100# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 1101# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 1102# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 1103# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 1104# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 1105# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 1106 1107# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1108# 1109# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 1110# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 1111# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 1112# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 1113# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 1114# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 1115# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 1116# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 1117# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1118# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1119# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1120# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 1121# 1122# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1123# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1124# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1125# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1126# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1127# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1128# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1129# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1130# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1131# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 1132# 1133# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1134# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 1135# 1136# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1137# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1138# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1139# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 1140# 1141# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1142# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1143# 1144# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1145# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1146# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1147# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1148# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1149# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1150# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1151# 1152# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1153# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1154# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1155# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1156# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1157# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1158# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1159# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1160# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1161# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1162# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1163# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1164# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1165# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1166# 1167# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1168# 1169# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1170# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1171# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1172# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1173# 1174# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1175# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1176# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1177# 1178# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1179# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1180# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1181# 1182# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1183# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1184# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1185# 1186# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1187# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1188# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1189# 1190# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1191# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1192# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1193# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1194# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1195# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1196# 1197# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1198# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1199# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1200# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1201# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1202# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1203# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1204# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1205# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1206 1207# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1208# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1209# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1210# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1211# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1212# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1213# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1214 1215# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1216# 1217# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1218# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1219# relevant entries in this database. 1220# 1221# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1222# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1223# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1224# ACT 1225# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1226# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1227# SA 1228# Standard Time Act, 1898 1229# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1230 1231# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1232# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1233# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1234# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1235# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1236# 1237# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1238# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1239# to extend DST together in 2006. 1240# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1241# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1242# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1243# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1244# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1245# allude to it. 1246# But not Queensland 1247# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1248 1249# Northern Territory 1250 1251# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1252# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1253# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1254# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1255# ... 1256# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1257 1258# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1259# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1260# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1261 1262# Western Australia 1263 1264# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1265# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1266# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1267# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1268# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1269# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1270# # before reaching parliament. 1271# ... 1272# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1273# ... 1274# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1275# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1276# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1277# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1278 1279# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1280# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1281# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1282 1283# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1284# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1285# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1286# work at 9.00am.) 1287# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1288# everybody again. 1289 1290# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1291# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1292# it matches what was used in the past. 1293 1294# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1295# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1296# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1297# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1298 1299# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1300# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1301# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1302# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1303# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1304# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1305# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1306# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1307# [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."] 1308 1309# Queensland 1310 1311# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1312# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1313# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1314# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1315# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1316 1317# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1318# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1319# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1320# ... 1321# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1322# ... 1323# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1324# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1325# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1326# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1327 1328# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1329# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1330# October 1989). 1331 1332# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1333# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1334# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1335# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1336 1337# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1338# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1339# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1340# me.) 1341 1342# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1343# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1344# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1345# ... 1346# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1347# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1348# ... 1349 1350# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1351# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1352 1353# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1354# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1355# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1356# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1357 1358# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1359# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1360# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1361# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1362# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1363# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1364# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1365# Australia and Western Australia.... 1366# 1367# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1368# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1369# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1370# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1371# 1372# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1373# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1374# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1375# coast of the continent. 1376# 1377# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1378# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1379# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1380# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1381# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1382# 1383# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1384# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1385# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1386# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1387# 1388# (2006-12-09): 1389# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1390# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1391# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1392# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1393# 1394# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1395# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1396# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1397# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1398# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1399# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1400# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1401# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1402# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1403# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1404# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1405# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1406# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1407# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1408# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1409 1410# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1411# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1412# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1413 1414 1415# southeast Australia 1416# 1417# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1418# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1419# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1420# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1421 1422 1423# South Australia 1424 1425# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1426# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1427# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1428# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1429 1430# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1431# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1432# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1433# ... 1434# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1435# ... 1436# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1437# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1438# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1439# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1440 1441# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1442# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1443# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1444# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1445 1446# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1447# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1448# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1449# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1450# is on... 1451 1452# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1453# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1454# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1455# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1456 1457# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1458# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1459# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1460# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1461 1462# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1463# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1464# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1465# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1466 1467# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1468# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1469 1470# Tasmania 1471 1472# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1473# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. 1474# 1475# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] 1476# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ 1477# 1478# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] 1479# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ 1480# 1481# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] 1482# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ 1483# 1484# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. 1485# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. 1486# 1487# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] 1488# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ 1489# 1490# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] 1491# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ 1492 1493# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1494# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1495# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1496# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1497 1498# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1499# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1500# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1501# (but nothing new about that). 1502 1503# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1504# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1505# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1506# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1507# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1508# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1509 1510# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1511# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1512 1513# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1514# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1515 1516# Victoria 1517 1518# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1519# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1520# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1521# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1522 1523# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1524# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1525# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1526# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1527# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1528# in Melbourne, Australia. 1529# 1530# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1531# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1532# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1533# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1534# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1535# expected time. 1536# 1537# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1538# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1539# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1540# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1541# 1542# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1543# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1544 1545# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1546# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1547 1548# New South Wales 1549 1550# From Arthur David Olson: 1551# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1552# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1553# who notes: 1554# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1555# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1556# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1557# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1558# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1559# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1560 1561# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1562# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1563# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1564# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1565# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1566 1567# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1568# See the following official NSW source: 1569# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1570# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1571# 1572# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1573# daylight saving next year. See: 1574# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1575# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1576# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1577# 1578# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1579# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1580# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1581# 1582# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1583# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1584# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1585# 1586# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1587# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1588# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1589# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1590# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1591# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1592# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1593# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1594# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1595# 1596# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1597# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1598# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1599 1600# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1601# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1602# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1603 1604# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1605# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1606# towns to use Queensland time. 1607 1608# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1609# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1610 1611# Yancowinna 1612 1613# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1614# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1615 1616# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1617# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1618# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1619# ... 1620# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1621# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1622# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1623# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1624# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1625# # presently available. 1626# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1627# ... 1628# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1629# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1630# [followed by other Rules] 1631 1632# Lord Howe Island 1633 1634# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1635# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1636# [ Dec 1990 ] 1637# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1638# hour ahead of NSW time. 1639 1640# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1641# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1642# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1643# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1644# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1645# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1646# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1647# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1648# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1649# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1650 1651# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1652# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1653# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1654# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1655# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1656# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1657 1658# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1659# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1660# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1661 1662# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1663# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1664 1665# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1666# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1667# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1668# summer (southern hemisphere). 1669# 1670# From 1671# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1672# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1673# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1674# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1675# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1676# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1677# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1678# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1679# 1680# We have a wrap-up here: 1681# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1682############################################################################### 1683 1684# New Zealand 1685 1686# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1687# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1688# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1689# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1690# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1691 1692# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1693# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1694# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1695# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1696# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1697# ... 1698# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1699# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1700# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1701# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1702# ... 1703# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1704# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1705 1706# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1707# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1708# rather than the October 1 value. 1709 1710# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1711# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1712# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1713# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1714# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1715# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1716# 1717# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1718# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1719# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1720# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1721# 1722# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1723# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1724# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1725 1726# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1727# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1728# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1729# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1730# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1731 1732# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1733# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1734# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1735# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1736# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1737# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1738# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1739# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1740# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1741# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1742# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1743# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1744 1745############################################################################### 1746 1747 1748# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1749 1750# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1751# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1752# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1753# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1754# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1755# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1756# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1757# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1758# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1759# 1760# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 1761 1762# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1763# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1764# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1765# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1766# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1767# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1768# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1769# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1770# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1771# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1772# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1773# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1774# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1775# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1776# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1777# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1778# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1779# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1780# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1781# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1782 1783 1784# Fiji 1785 1786# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1787# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1788# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1789 1790# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1791# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1792# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1793# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1794 1795# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1796# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1797 1798# From the BBC World Service in 1799# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1800# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1801# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1802# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1803# of the new millennium. 1804 1805# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1806# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1807 1808 1809# Kiribati 1810 1811# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1812# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1813# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1814# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1815 1816# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1817# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1818# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1819# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1820# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1821# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1822 1823# Kanton 1824 1825# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1826# Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated 1827# island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".) 1828# Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators 1829# <https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>; 1830# Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to 1831# establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the 1832# next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial 1833# airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently 1834# for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the 1835# airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen 1836# people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5 1837# year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures 1838# <http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>. 1839 1840# Kwajalein 1841 1842# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1843# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1844# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1845# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1846# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1847# one side of the international date line to the other." 1848# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1849# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1850 1851# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31): 1852# Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時>'s 1853# citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying 1854# Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier. 1855# However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article 1856# says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States 1857# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1858# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1859# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1860# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1861# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1862# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1863 1864 1865# N Mariana Is, Guam 1866 1867# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1868# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1869# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1870# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1871# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1872 1873# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): 1874# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1875# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1876# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1877# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1878# see Asia/Manila. 1879# 1880# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1881# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1882# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1883# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1884# 1885# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1886# under the name "Chamorro standard time". There is no official abbreviation, 1887# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1888# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1889 1890# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1891 1892 1893# Marshall Is 1894# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1895 1896 1897# Micronesia (and nearby) 1898 1899# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1900# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1901# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1902 1903# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1904# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1905# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1906# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1907# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1908# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1909 1910# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1911# 1912# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1913# ... 1914# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1915# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1916# 1917# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1918# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1919# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1920# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1921# 1922# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1923# instructed to use JST at the time. 1924# 1925# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1926# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1927# longitude of the atoll. 1928# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1929# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1930# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1931# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1932# is if they keep their own time back then) 1933# 1934# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1935# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1936# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1937# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1938# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1939# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1940# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1941# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1942# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1943# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1944# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1945# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1946# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1947# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1948# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1949# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1950# time of the area. 1951# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1952# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1953# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1954# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1955# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1956# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1957# Marshall Islands. 1958# 1959# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1960# area into 2 timezones: 1961# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1962# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1963# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1964# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1965# Standard Time) 1966# 1967# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1968# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1969# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1970# 1971# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1972# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1973# period of time.... 1974# 1975# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1976# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1977# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1978# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1979# 1980# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1981# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1982# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1983# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1984# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1985# information can be found. 1986# 1987# 1988# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1989# 1990# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1991# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1992# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1993# 1994# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1995# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1996# 1997# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1998 1999 2000# Midway 2001 2002# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 2003# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 2004# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 2005# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 2006# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 2007# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 2008# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 2009# air at 6am your time. 2010# 2011# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 2012# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 2013# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 2014# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 2015 2016# Nauru 2017 2018# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 2019# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 2020# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 2021# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 2022# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 2023# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 2024# ... 2025# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 2026# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 2027# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 2028# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 2029# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 2030# 2031# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 2032# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 2033# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 2034# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 2035# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 2036# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 2037# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 2038 2039# Norfolk 2040 2041# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 2042# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 2043# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 2044# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 2045# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 2046 2047# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 2048# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 2049# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 2050# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 2051# other than in 1974/5. See: 2052# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 2053# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 2054# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 2055# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 2056 2057# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 2058# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 2059# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 2060# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 2061# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 2062 2063# Palau 2064# See commentary for Micronesia. 2065 2066# Pitcairn 2067 2068# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 2069# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 2070# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 2071# 2072# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 2073# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 2074# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 2075# 2076# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 2077# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 2078# somehow in light of this proclamation. 2079 2080# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 2081# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 2082# ... at midnight. 2083 2084# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 2085# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 2086# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 2087# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 2088 2089 2090# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 2091 2092# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 2093# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 2094# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 2095# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 2096# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 2097# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 2098# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 2099 2100# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 2101# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 2102# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 2103# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 2104# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 2105# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 2106# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 2107# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 2108 2109 2110# Tonga 2111 2112# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04): 2113# In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast 2114# on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic 2115# Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360. 2116 2117# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03): 2118# [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity". 2119# Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]: 2120# On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours, 2121# 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich. 2122 2123# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 2124# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 2125# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 2126# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 2127 2128# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 2129# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 2130# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 2131# 2132# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 2133# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 2134# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 2135# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 2136# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 2137# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 2138# 2139# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 2140# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 2141# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 2142# 2143# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 2144# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 2145# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 2146# minutes we have lost?" 2147# 2148# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 2149# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 2150# to say your prayers in the morning." 2151# 2152# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael 2153# Deckers (2021-03-03): 2154# Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks & 2155# Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01. 2156# 2157# The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times, 2158# which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961: 2159# Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19 2160# Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19 2161# (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.) 2162# This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time 2163# has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further 2164# writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on 2165# 1960-10-19. (p. 255) 2166# 2167# Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to 2168# a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in 2169# 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with 2170# this over Shanks & Pottenger. 2171 2172# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 2173# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 2174# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 2175# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 2176# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 2177# Government. 2178 2179# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2180# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 2181# 2182# I was given this link by John Letts: 2183# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 2184# 2185# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 2186# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 2187# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 2188# (12 + 1 hour DST). 2189 2190# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2191# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 2192# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 2193# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 2194# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 2195# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 2196# set back an hour on the closing date." 2197# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 2198 2199# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 2200# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 2201# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 2202 2203# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 2204# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 2205# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 2206# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 2207# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 2208# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2209# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 2210 2211# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 2212# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 2213 2214# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 2215# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 2216# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 2217# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 2218# hour to 1:00am. 2219 2220# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 2221# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 2222 2223# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 2224# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2225# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2226# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2227# 2228# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2229# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2230# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2231 2232# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2233# In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister 2234# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2235# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2236# 2237# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2238# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2239 2240 2241############################################################################### 2242 2243# The International Date Line 2244 2245# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2246# 2247# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2248# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2249# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2250# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2251# 2252# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2253# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2254# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2255# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2256# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2257# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2258# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2259# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2260# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2261# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2262# correct date is ambiguous. 2263 2264# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_time> (2023-01-23): 2265# The nautical time zone system is analogous to the terrestrial time zone 2266# system for use on high seas. Under the system time changes are required for 2267# changes of longitude in one-hour steps. The one-hour step corresponds to a 2268# time zone width of 15° longitude. The 15° gore that is offset from GMT or 2269# UT1 (not UTC) by twelve hours is bisected by the nautical date line into two 2270# 7°30' gores that differ from GMT by ±12 hours. A nautical date line is 2271# implied but not explicitly drawn on time zone maps. It follows the 180th 2272# meridian except where it is interrupted by territorial waters adjacent to 2273# land, forming gaps: it is a pole-to-pole dashed line. 2274 2275# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23): 2276# The American Practical Navigator <https://msi.nga.mil/Publications/APN>, 2277# 2019 edition, merely says that the International Date Line 2278# "coincides with the 180th meridian over most of its length." 2279