1This is ../../gmp/doc/gmp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from 2../../gmp/doc/gmp.texi. 3 4 This manual describes how to install and use the GNU multiple 5precision arithmetic library, version 5.0.2. 6 7 Copyright 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 82001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free 9Software Foundation, Inc. 10 11 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this 12document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 131.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 14with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU 15Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts being "You have freedom to copy 16and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software". A copy of the license 17is included in *Note GNU Free Documentation License::. 18 19INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU libraries 20START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY 21* gmp: (gmp). GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library. 22END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY 23 24 25Indirect: 26gmp.info-1: 987 27gmp.info-2: 300718 28 29Tag Table: 30(Indirect) 31Node: Top987 32Node: Copying3223 33Node: Introduction to GMP5074 34Node: Installing GMP7785 35Node: Build Options8517 36Node: ABI and ISA24585 37Node: Notes for Package Builds34271 38Node: Notes for Particular Systems37358 39Node: Known Build Problems43915 40Node: Performance optimization47449 41Node: GMP Basics48578 42Node: Headers and Libraries49226 43Node: Nomenclature and Types50650 44Node: Function Classes52647 45Node: Variable Conventions54340 46Node: Parameter Conventions55949 47Node: Memory Management58005 48Node: Reentrancy59133 49Node: Useful Macros and Constants61006 50Node: Compatibility with older versions62004 51Node: Demonstration Programs62965 52Node: Efficiency64830 53Node: Debugging72454 54Node: Profiling79012 55Node: Autoconf83003 56Node: Emacs84782 57Node: Reporting Bugs85388 58Node: Integer Functions87931 59Node: Initializing Integers88707 60Node: Assigning Integers90854 61Node: Simultaneous Integer Init & Assign92441 62Node: Converting Integers94066 63Node: Integer Arithmetic96988 64Node: Integer Division98574 65Node: Integer Exponentiation104884 66Node: Integer Roots106324 67Node: Number Theoretic Functions107998 68Node: Integer Comparisons114141 69Node: Integer Logic and Bit Fiddling115519 70Node: I/O of Integers118066 71Node: Integer Random Numbers121035 72Node: Integer Import and Export123646 73Node: Miscellaneous Integer Functions127656 74Node: Integer Special Functions129516 75Node: Rational Number Functions132603 76Node: Initializing Rationals133796 77Node: Rational Conversions136257 78Node: Rational Arithmetic137988 79Node: Comparing Rationals139292 80Node: Applying Integer Functions140659 81Node: I/O of Rationals142142 82Node: Floating-point Functions144184 83Node: Initializing Floats147069 84Node: Assigning Floats151156 85Node: Simultaneous Float Init & Assign153723 86Node: Converting Floats155251 87Node: Float Arithmetic158499 88Node: Float Comparison160512 89Node: I/O of Floats162093 90Node: Miscellaneous Float Functions164776 91Node: Low-level Functions166718 92Node: Random Number Functions190930 93Node: Random State Initialization191998 94Node: Random State Seeding194856 95Node: Random State Miscellaneous196245 96Node: Formatted Output196886 97Node: Formatted Output Strings197131 98Node: Formatted Output Functions202345 99Node: C++ Formatted Output206420 100Node: Formatted Input209102 101Node: Formatted Input Strings209338 102Node: Formatted Input Functions213990 103Node: C++ Formatted Input216959 104Node: C++ Class Interface218862 105Node: C++ Interface General219863 106Node: C++ Interface Integers222933 107Node: C++ Interface Rationals226278 108Node: C++ Interface Floats229865 109Node: C++ Interface Random Numbers235575 110Node: C++ Interface Limitations237981 111Node: BSD Compatible Functions240801 112Node: Custom Allocation245512 113Node: Language Bindings249830 114Node: Algorithms253809 115Node: Multiplication Algorithms254509 116Node: Basecase Multiplication255481 117Node: Karatsuba Multiplication257389 118Node: Toom 3-Way Multiplication261014 119Node: Toom 4-Way Multiplication267428 120Node: FFT Multiplication268800 121Node: Other Multiplication274136 122Node: Unbalanced Multiplication276610 123Node: Division Algorithms277398 124Node: Single Limb Division277777 125Node: Basecase Division280668 126Node: Divide and Conquer Division281871 127Node: Block-Wise Barrett Division283940 128Node: Exact Division284592 129Node: Exact Remainder287757 130Node: Small Quotient Division289984 131Node: Greatest Common Divisor Algorithms291582 132Node: Binary GCD291879 133Node: Lehmer's Algorithm294728 134Node: Subquadratic GCD296947 135Node: Extended GCD299406 136Node: Jacobi Symbol300718 137Node: Powering Algorithms301634 138Node: Normal Powering Algorithm301897 139Node: Modular Powering Algorithm302425 140Node: Root Extraction Algorithms303205 141Node: Square Root Algorithm303520 142Node: Nth Root Algorithm305661 143Node: Perfect Square Algorithm306446 144Node: Perfect Power Algorithm308532 145Node: Radix Conversion Algorithms309153 146Node: Binary to Radix309529 147Node: Radix to Binary313458 148Node: Other Algorithms315546 149Node: Prime Testing Algorithm315898 150Node: Factorial Algorithm317082 151Node: Binomial Coefficients Algorithm318485 152Node: Fibonacci Numbers Algorithm319379 153Node: Lucas Numbers Algorithm321853 154Node: Random Number Algorithms322574 155Node: Assembly Coding324695 156Node: Assembly Code Organisation325655 157Node: Assembly Basics326622 158Node: Assembly Carry Propagation327772 159Node: Assembly Cache Handling329603 160Node: Assembly Functional Units331764 161Node: Assembly Floating Point333377 162Node: Assembly SIMD Instructions337155 163Node: Assembly Software Pipelining338137 164Node: Assembly Loop Unrolling339199 165Node: Assembly Writing Guide341414 166Node: Internals344179 167Node: Integer Internals344691 168Node: Rational Internals346947 169Node: Float Internals348185 170Node: Raw Output Internals355599 171Node: C++ Interface Internals356793 172Node: Contributors360079 173Node: References365037 174Node: GNU Free Documentation License370780 175Node: Concept Index395949 176Node: Function Index442131 177 178End Tag Table 179