1<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 3<html> <head> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"> 5<title> Postfix manual - oqmgr(8) </title> 6</head> <body> <pre> 7OQMGR(8) OQMGR(8) 8 9<b>NAME</b> 10 oqmgr - old Postfix queue manager 11 12<b>SYNOPSIS</b> 13 <b>oqmgr</b> [generic Postfix daemon options] 14 15<b>DESCRIPTION</b> 16 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon awaits the arrival of incoming mail and arranges 17 for its delivery via Postfix delivery processes. The actual mail rout- 18 ing strategy is delegated to the <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> daemon. This pro- 19 gram expects to be run from the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> process manager. 20 21 Mail addressed to the local <b>double-bounce</b> address is logged and dis- 22 carded. This stops potential loops caused by undeliverable bounce 23 notifications. 24 25<b>MAIL QUEUES</b> 26 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon maintains the following queues: 27 28 <b>incoming</b> 29 Inbound mail from the network, or mail picked up by the local 30 <a href="pickup.8.html"><b>pickup</b>(8)</a> agent from the <b>maildrop</b> directory. 31 32 <b>active</b> Messages that the queue manager has opened for delivery. Only a 33 limited number of messages is allowed to enter the <b>active</b> queue 34 (leaky bucket strategy, for a fixed delivery rate). 35 36 <b>deferred</b> 37 Mail that could not be delivered upon the first attempt. The 38 queue manager implements exponential backoff by doubling the 39 time between delivery attempts. 40 41 <b>corrupt</b> 42 Unreadable or damaged queue files are moved here for inspection. 43 44 <b>hold</b> Messages that are kept "on hold" are kept here until someone 45 sets them free. 46 47<b>DELIVERY STATUS REPORTS</b> 48 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon keeps an eye on per-message delivery status reports 49 in the following directories. Each status report file has the same name 50 as the corresponding message file: 51 52 <b>bounce</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail is bounced. 53 These files are maintained by the <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> daemon. 54 55 <b>defer</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail is delayed. 56 These files are maintained by the <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> daemon. 57 58 <b>trace</b> Per-recipient status information as requested with the Postfix 59 "<b>sendmail -v</b>" or "<b>sendmail -bv</b>" command. These files are main- 60 tained by the <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemon. 61 62 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon is responsible for asking the <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> 63 or <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemons to send delivery reports. 64 65<b>STRATEGIES</b> 66 The queue manager implements a variety of strategies for either opening 67 queue files (input) or for message delivery (output). 68 69 <b>leaky bucket</b> 70 This strategy limits the number of messages in the <b>active</b> queue 71 and prevents the queue manager from running out of memory under 72 heavy load. 73 74 <b>fairness</b> 75 When the <b>active</b> queue has room, the queue manager takes one mes- 76 sage from the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue"><b>incoming</b> queue</a> and one from the <b>deferred</b> queue. 77 This prevents a large mail backlog from blocking the delivery of 78 new mail. 79 80 <b>slow start</b> 81 This strategy eliminates "thundering herd" problems by slowly 82 adjusting the number of parallel deliveries to the same destina- 83 tion. 84 85 <b>round robin</b> 86 The queue manager sorts delivery requests by destination. 87 Round-robin selection prevents one destination from dominating 88 deliveries to other destinations. 89 90 <b>exponential backoff</b> 91 Mail that cannot be delivered upon the first attempt is 92 deferred. The time interval between delivery attempts is dou- 93 bled after each attempt. 94 95 <b>destination status cache</b> 96 The queue manager avoids unnecessary delivery attempts by main- 97 taining a short-term, in-memory list of unreachable destina- 98 tions. 99 100<b>TRIGGERS</b> 101 On an idle system, the queue manager waits for the arrival of trigger 102 events, or it waits for a timer to go off. A trigger is a one-byte mes- 103 sage. Depending on the message received, the queue manager performs 104 one of the following actions (the message is followed by the symbolic 105 constant used internally by the software): 106 107 <b>D (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_DEFERRED)</b> 108 Start a <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan. If a deferred queue scan is 109 already in progress, that scan will be restarted as soon as it 110 finishes. 111 112 <b>I (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_INCOMING)</b> 113 Start an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> scan. If an incoming queue scan is 114 already in progress, that scan will be restarted as soon as it 115 finishes. 116 117 <b>A (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_ALL)</b> 118 Ignore <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> file time stamps. The request affects the 119 next <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan. 120 121 <b>F (QMGR_REQ_FLUSH_DEAD)</b> 122 Purge all information about dead transports and destinations. 123 124 <b>W (TRIGGER_REQ_WAKEUP)</b> 125 Wakeup call, This is used by the master server to instantiate 126 servers that should not go away forever. The action is to start 127 an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> scan. 128 129 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon reads an entire buffer worth of triggers. Multiple 130 identical trigger requests are collapsed into one, and trigger requests 131 are sorted so that <b>A</b> and <b>F</b> precede <b>D</b> and <b>I</b>. Thus, in order to force a 132 <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> run, one would request <b>A F D</b>; in order to notify the 133 queue manager of the arrival of new mail one would request <b>I</b>. 134 135<b>STANDARDS</b> 136 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a> (Enhanced status codes) 137 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3464">RFC 3464</a> (Delivery status notifications) 138 139<b>SECURITY</b> 140 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon is not security sensitive. It reads single-charac- 141 ter messages from untrusted local users, and thus may be susceptible to 142 denial of service attacks. The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon does not talk to the 143 outside world, and it can be run at fixed low privilege in a chrooted 144 environment. 145 146<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b> 147 Problems and transactions are logged to the <b>syslogd</b>(8) or <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a> 148 daemon. Corrupted message files are saved to the <b>corrupt</b> queue for 149 further inspection. 150 151 Depending on the setting of the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#notify_classes">notify_classes</a></b> parameter, the postmas- 152 ter is notified of bounces and of other trouble. 153 154<b>BUGS</b> 155 A single queue manager process has to compete for disk access with mul- 156 tiple front-end processes such as <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a>. A sudden burst of inbound 157 mail can negatively impact outbound delivery rates. 158 159<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b> 160 Changes to <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> are not picked up automatically, as <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> is a 161 persistent process. Use the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after a configura- 162 tion change. 163 164 The text below provides only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for 165 more details including examples. 166 167 In the text below, <i>transport</i> is the first field in a <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> entry. 168 169<b>COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</b> 170 Available before Postfix version 2.5: 171 172 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_min_user">allow_min_user</a> (no)</b> 173 Allow a sender or recipient address to have `-' as the first 174 character. 175 176 Available with Postfix version 2.7 and later: 177 178 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_filter_nexthop">default_filter_nexthop</a> (empty)</b> 179 When a <a href="postconf.5.html#content_filter">content_filter</a> or FILTER request specifies no explicit 180 next-hop destination, use $<a href="postconf.5.html#default_filter_nexthop">default_filter_nexthop</a> instead; when 181 that value is empty, use the domain in the recipient address. 182 183<b>ACTIVE QUEUE CONTROLS</b> 184 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_clog_warn_time">qmgr_clog_warn_time</a> (300s)</b> 185 The minimal delay between warnings that a specific destination 186 is clogging up the Postfix <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>. 187 188 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_active_limit">qmgr_message_active_limit</a> (20000)</b> 189 The maximal number of messages in the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>. 190 191 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_recipient_limit">qmgr_message_recipient_limit</a> (20000)</b> 192 The maximal number of recipients held in memory by the Postfix 193 queue manager, and the maximal size of the short-term, in-memory 194 "dead" destination status cache. 195 196<b>DELIVERY CONCURRENCY CONTROLS</b> 197 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_fudge_factor">qmgr_fudge_factor</a> (100)</b> 198 Obsolete feature: the percentage of delivery resources that a 199 busy mail system will use up for delivery of a large mailing 200 list message. 201 202 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_destination_concurrency</a> (5)</b> 203 The initial per-destination concurrency level for parallel 204 delivery to the same destination. 205 206 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concurrency_limit</a> (20)</b> 207 The default maximal number of parallel deliveries to the same 208 destination. 209 210 <b>transport_destination_concurrency_limit ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concur</a>-</b> 211 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">rency_limit</a>)</b> 212 A transport-specific override for the default_destination_con- 213 currency_limit parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> 214 name of the message delivery transport. 215 216 Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later: 217 218 <b>transport_initial_destination_concurrency ($<a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_destination_concur</a>-</b> 219 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">rency</a>)</b> 220 A transport-specific override for the initial_destination_con- 221 currency parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name 222 of the message delivery transport. 223 224 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a> (1)</b> 225 How many pseudo-cohorts must suffer connection or handshake 226 failure before a specific destination is considered unavailable 227 (and further delivery is suspended). 228 229 <b>transport_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_desti</a>-</b> 230 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">nation_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a>)</b> 231 A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_con</a>- 232 <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">currency_failed_cohort_limit</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is 233 the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport. 234 235 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a> (1)</b> 236 The per-destination amount of delivery concurrency negative 237 feedback, after a delivery completes with a connection or hand- 238 shake failure. 239 240 <b>transport_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destina</a>-</b> 241 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">tion_concurrency_negative_feedback</a>)</b> 242 A transport-specific override for the default_destination_con- 243 currency_negative_feedback parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is 244 the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport. 245 246 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a> (1)</b> 247 The per-destination amount of delivery concurrency positive 248 feedback, after a delivery completes without connection or hand- 249 shake failure. 250 251 <b>transport_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destina</a>-</b> 252 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">tion_concurrency_positive_feedback</a>)</b> 253 A transport-specific override for the default_destination_con- 254 currency_positive_feedback parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is 255 the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport. 256 257 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#destination_concurrency_feedback_debug">destination_concurrency_feedback_debug</a> (no)</b> 258 Make the queue manager's feedback algorithm verbose for perfor- 259 mance analysis purposes. 260 261<b>RECIPIENT SCHEDULING CONTROLS</b> 262 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipient_limit</a> (50)</b> 263 The default maximal number of recipients per message delivery. 264 265 <b>transport_destination_recipient_limit ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipi</a>-</b> 266 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">ent_limit</a>)</b> 267 A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recip</a>- 268 <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">ient_limit</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> 269 name of the message delivery transport. 270 271<b>OTHER RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</b> 272 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#minimal_backoff_time">minimal_backoff_time</a> (300s)</b> 273 The minimal time between attempts to deliver a deferred message; 274 prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was 1000s. 275 276 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_backoff_time">maximal_backoff_time</a> (4000s)</b> 277 The maximal time between attempts to deliver a deferred message. 278 279 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maximal_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b> 280 Consider a message as undeliverable, when delivery fails with a 281 temporary error, and the time in the queue has reached the <a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maxi</a>- 282 <a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">mal_queue_lifetime</a> limit. 283 284 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (300s)</b> 285 The time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scans by the queue manager; 286 prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was 1000s. 287 288 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_retry_time">transport_retry_time</a> (60s)</b> 289 The time between attempts by the Postfix queue manager to con- 290 tact a malfunctioning message delivery transport. 291 292 Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later: 293 294 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b> 295 Consider a bounce message as undeliverable, when delivery fails 296 with a temporary error, and the time in the queue has reached 297 the <a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a> limit. 298 299 Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later: 300 301 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destination_rate_delay</a> (0s)</b> 302 The default amount of delay that is inserted between individual 303 message deliveries to the same destination and over the same 304 message delivery transport. 305 306 <b>transport_destination_rate_delay ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destination_rate_delay</a>)</b> 307 A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destina</a>- 308 <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">tion_rate_delay</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">mas- 309 ter.cf</a> name of the message delivery transport. 310 311 Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later: 312 313 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">default_transport_rate_delay</a> (0s)</b> 314 The default amount of delay that is inserted between individual 315 message deliveries over the same message delivery transport, 316 regardless of destination. 317 318 <b>transport_transport_rate_delay ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">default_transport_rate_delay</a>)</b> 319 A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">default_trans</a>- 320 <a href="postconf.5.html#default_transport_rate_delay">port_rate_delay</a> parameter value, where the initial <i>transport</i> in 321 the parameter name is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message delivery 322 transport. 323 324<b>SAFETY CONTROLS</b> 325 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_daemon_timeout">qmgr_daemon_timeout</a> (1000s)</b> 326 How much time a Postfix queue manager process may take to handle 327 a request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer. 328 329 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_ipc_timeout">qmgr_ipc_timeout</a> (60s)</b> 330 The time limit for the queue manager to send or receive informa- 331 tion over an internal communication channel. 332 333 Available in Postfix version 3.1 and later: 334 335 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#address_verify_pending_request_limit">address_verify_pending_request_limit</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 336 A safety limit that prevents address verification requests from 337 overwhelming the Postfix queue. 338 339<b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b> 340 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 341 The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con- 342 figuration files. 343 344 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#defer_transports">defer_transports</a> (empty)</b> 345 The names of message delivery transports that should not deliver 346 mail unless someone issues "<b>sendmail -q</b>" or equivalent. 347 348 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_logging_resolution_limit">delay_logging_resolution_limit</a> (2)</b> 349 The maximal number of digits after the decimal point when log- 350 ging sub-second delay values. 351 352 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#helpful_warnings">helpful_warnings</a> (yes)</b> 353 Log warnings about problematic configuration settings, and pro- 354 vide helpful suggestions. 355 356 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b> 357 The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process. 358 359 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b> 360 The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process. 361 362 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 363 The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory. 364 365 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b> 366 The syslog facility of Postfix logging. 367 368 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 369 A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog 370 records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd". 371 372 Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later: 373 374 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#confirm_delay_cleared">confirm_delay_cleared</a> (no)</b> 375 After sending a "your message is delayed" notification, inform 376 the sender when the delay clears up. 377 378 Available in Postfix 3.3 and later: 379 380 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#service_name">service_name</a> (read-only)</b> 381 The <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> service name of a Postfix daemon process. 382 383 Available in Postfix 3.5 and later: 384 385 <b>info_log_address_format (external)</b> 386 The email address form that will be used in non-debug logging 387 (info, warning, etc.). 388 389<b>FILES</b> 390 /var/spool/postfix/incoming, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> 391 /var/spool/postfix/active, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a> 392 /var/spool/postfix/deferred, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> 393 /var/spool/postfix/bounce, non-delivery status 394 /var/spool/postfix/defer, non-delivery status 395 /var/spool/postfix/trace, delivery status 396 397<b>SEE ALSO</b> 398 <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, address routing 399 <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, delivery status reports 400 <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters 401 <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, generic daemon options 402 <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, process manager 403 <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix logging 404 syslogd(8), system logging 405 406<b>README FILES</b> 407 <a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis 408 409<b>LICENSE</b> 410 The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. 411 412<b>AUTHOR(S)</b> 413 Wietse Venema 414 IBM T.J. Watson Research 415 P.O. Box 704 416 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA 417 418 Wietse Venema 419 Google, Inc. 420 111 8th Avenue 421 New York, NY 10011, USA 422 423 OQMGR(8) 424</pre> </body> </html> 425