xref: /netbsd-src/external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/US_PATENT_6321267 (revision 6cf6fe02a981b55727c49c3d37b0d8191a98c0ee)
11. Disclaimer: This text is not an authoritative statement.  If
2you are concerned about the implications of US patent 6,321,267,
3then you should give this text to your own lawyer and get their
4advice.
5
61.1 Postfix is an MTA that aims to be an alternative to the widely
7    used Sendmail MTA. Postfix is available as open source code
8    from http://www.postfix.org/. One of the features implemented
9    by Postfix is called "sender address verification".
10
111.2 US patent 6,321,267 (reference 4.1) describes a number of means
12    to stop junk email.  One of the elements described in this
13    patent is called "active user testing".
14
151.3 Postfix "sender address verification" and US patent 6,321,267
16    "active user testing" are implemented by connecting to an MTA
17    that is responsible for the sender address.  Specifically, both
18    use the SMTP RCPT command, and both infer the validity of the
19    address from the MTA's response. Reference 4.3 defines SMTP.
20
21=====================================================================
22
232. It is my understanding that the Postfix MTA's "sender address
24verification" does not infringe on US patent 6,321,267 for the
25following reasons:
26
272.1 There is prior art for US patent 6,321,267 "active user testing"
28    within the context of the Sendmail MTA. See item (3.1) below.
29
302.2 US patent 6,321,267 covers "active user testing" only in
31    combination with functions that the Postfix MTA does not
32    implement.  See items (3.2) through (3.5) below.
33
34=====================================================================
35
363. Discussion of specific details of US patent 6,321,267, and their
37relevance with respect to the Postfix MTA.
38
393.1 Prior art. The "active user testing" method is described in
40    the paper "Selectively Rejecting SPAM Using Sendmail" by Robert
41    Harker (reference 4.2).  The paper is cited as the first
42    reference in US patent 6,321,267, and was presented in October
43    1997. The patent was filed more than two years later, in November
44    1999.  The paper says:
45
46	Bogus User Address
47
48	A desirable criterion for rejecting mail is to filter on
49	bogus user address. However, testing for a bad user address
50	is much harder because, short of sending a message to that
51	user address, there is no reliable way to check the validity
52	of the address.  A simplistic test for a bad user address
53	might be to connect to the sender's SMTP server and use
54	either the SMTP VRFY or RCPT command to check the address.
55	If the server does local delivery of the message then this
56	would work well.
57
58    The prior art is about stopping junk mail with the Sendmail
59    MTA. It is my understanding that this prior art is equally
60    applicable to other MTAs, including the Postfix MTA (see items
61    1.1 and 2.2 above).
62
633.2 Combination of elements not implemented by the Postfix MTA.
64    Claim 1 of US patent 6,321,267 involves a combination of A)
65    determining whether the sending system is a dialup host, B)
66    determining whether the sending system is an open mail relay,
67    and C) active user testing.
68
69    Postfix does not implement elements A) and B) of claim 1.
70    Therefore, it is my understanding that the Postfix MTA does
71    not infringe on US patent 6,321,267 claim 1.
72
733.3 Combination of elements not implemented by the Postfix MTA.
74    Claim 52 of US patent 6,321,267 involves the combination of A)
75    a proxy filter and B) active user testing.
76
77    Postfix is an MTA, not a proxy, and does not implement element
78    A) of claim 52.  Therefore, it is my understanding that the
79    Postfix MTA does not infringe on US patent 6,321,267 claim 52.
80
81    US patent 6,321,267 makes a clear distinction between proxies
82    and MTAs.
83
84    Figure 13 in US patent 6,321,267 shows how a proxy interacts
85    with a sending system and a local MTA.  In the case of (sending
86    system, proxy, local MTA), the proxy assumes no responsibility
87    for delivery of the email message.  The responsibility remains
88    with the sending system or passes directly to the local MTA.
89
90    Figure 4 in US patent 6,321,267 shows how a sending system
91    interacts with an intermediate MTA.  In the case of (sending
92    system, intermediate MTA, local MTA), the intermediate MTA
93    assumes full responsibility for delivery of the email message.
94
95    Figure 2 in US patent 6,321,267 shows how a sending system
96    interacts with a local MTA.  In the case of (sending system,
97    local MTA), the local MTA assumes full responsibility for
98    delivery of the email message.
99
1003.4 The other independent claims in US patent 6,321,267 involve
101    elements that the Postfix MTA does not implement, and do not
102    involve sender address verification. Therefore, it is my
103    understanding that the Postfix MTA does not infringe on these
104    claims in US patent 6,321,267.
105
1063.5 All dependent claims in US patent 6,321,267 depend on claims
107    that involve elements that the Postfix MTA does not implement.
108    Therefore, it is my understanding that the Postfix MTA does
109    not infringe on these claims in US patent 6,321,267.
110
1114.References:
112
1134.1 Albert L. Donaldson, "Method and apparatus for filtering junk
114    email", US patent 6,321,267.  Filing date: November 23, 1999.
115    http://www.uspto.gov/
116
1174.2 Robert Harker, "Selectively Rejecting SPAM Using Sendmail",
118    Proceedings of the Eleventh Systems Administration Conference
119    (LISA '97), San Diego, California, Oct. 1997, pp. 205-220.
120    http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/lisa97/
121    full_papers/22.harker/22.pdf
122
1234.3 Jonathan B. Postel, "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", August
124    1982. http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html
125