1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>API Evolution and Deprecation History</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, api, evolution, deprecation, history" /><meta name="keywords" content=" ISO C++ , library " /><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Documentation" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B. Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="prev" href="abi.html" title="ABI Policy and Guidelines" /><link rel="next" href="backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">API Evolution and Deprecation History</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="abi.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 4 Porting and Maintenance 5 6</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backwards.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" title="API Evolution and Deprecation History"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="appendix.porting.api"></a>API Evolution and Deprecation History</h2></div></div></div><p> 7A list of user-visible changes, in chronological order 8</p><div class="sect2" title="3.0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_300"></a><code class="constant">3.0</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 9Extensions moved to <code class="filename">include/ext</code>. 10 </p><p> 11Include files from the SGI/HP sources that pre-date the ISO standard 12are added. These files are placed into 13the <code class="filename">include/backward</code> directory and a deprecated warning 14is added that notifies on inclusion (<code class="literal">-Wno-deprecated</code> 15deactivates the warning.) 16</p><p>Deprecated include <code class="filename">backward/strstream</code> added.</p><p>Removal of include <code class="filename">builtinbuf.h</code>, <code class="filename">indstream.h</code>, <code class="filename">parsestream.h</code>, <code class="filename">PlotFile.h</code>, <code class="filename">SFile.h</code>, <code class="filename">stdiostream.h</code>, and <code class="filename">stream.h</code>. 17</p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_310"></a><code class="constant">3.1</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 18 </p><p> 19Extensions from SGI/HP moved from <code class="code">namespace std</code> 20to <code class="code">namespace __gnu_cxx</code>. As part of this, the following 21new includes are 22added: <code class="filename">ext/algorithm</code>, <code class="filename">ext/functional</code>, <code class="filename">ext/iterator</code>, <code class="filename">ext/memory</code>, and <code class="filename">ext/numeric</code>. 23</p><p> 24Extensions to <code class="code">basic_filebuf</code> introduced: <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::enc_filebuf</code>, and <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf</code>. 25</p><p> 26Extensions to tree data structures added in <code class="filename">ext/rb_tree</code>. 27</p><p> 28Removal of <code class="filename">ext/tree</code>, moved to <code class="filename">backward/tree.h</code>. 29</p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_320"></a><code class="constant">3.2</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 30 </p><p>Symbol versioning introduced for shared library.</p><p>Removal of include <code class="filename">backward/strstream.h</code>.</p><p>Allocator changes. Change <code class="code">__malloc_alloc</code> to <code class="code">malloc_allocator</code> and <code class="code">__new_alloc</code> to <code class="code">new_allocator</code>. </p><p> For GCC releases from 2.95 through the 3.1 series, defining 31 <code class="literal">__USE_MALLOC</code> on the gcc command line would change the 32 default allocation strategy to instead use <code class="code"> malloc</code> and 33 <code class="function">free</code>. (This same functionality is now spelled <code class="literal">_GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</code>, see 34 <a class="link" href="using_macros.html" title="Macros">this page</a> 35 for details. 36 </p><p>Error handling in iostreams cleaned up, made consistent. </p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_330"></a><code class="constant">3.3</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 37 </p></div><div class="sect2" title="3.4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_340"></a><code class="constant">3.4</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 38 </p><p> 39Large file support. 40</p><p> Extensions for generic characters and <code class="code">char_traits</code> added in <code class="filename">ext/pod_char_traits.h</code>. 41</p><p> 42Support for <code class="code">wchar_t</code> specializations of <code class="code">basic_filebuf</code> enhanced to support <code class="code">UTF-8</code> and <code class="code">Unicode</code>, depending on host. More hosts support basic <code class="code">wchar_t</code> functionality. 43</p><p> 44Support for <code class="code">char_traits</code> beyond builtin types. 45</p><p> 46Conformant <code class="code">allocator</code> class and usage in containers. As 47part of this, the following extensions are 48added: <code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code>,<code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code>, <code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code>. 49</p><p> 50This is a change from all previous versions, and may require 51source-level changes due to allocator-related changes to structures 52names and template parameters, filenames, and file locations. Some, 53like <code class="code">__simple_alloc, __allocator, __alloc, </code> and <code class="code"> 54_Alloc_traits</code> have been removed. 55</p><p>Default behavior of <code class="code">std::allocator</code> has changed.</p><p> 56 Previous versions prior to 3.4 cache allocations in a memory 57 pool, instead of passing through to call the global allocation 58 operators (i.e., <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::pool_allocator</code>). More 59 recent versions default to the 60 simpler <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</code>. 61</p><p> Previously, all allocators were written to the SGI 62 style, and all STL containers expected this interface. This 63 interface had a traits class called <code class="code">_Alloc_traits</code> that 64 attempted to provide more information for compile-time allocation 65 selection and optimization. This traits class had another allocator 66 wrapper, <code class="code">__simple_alloc<T,A></code>, which was a 67 wrapper around another allocator, A, which itself is an allocator 68 for instances of T. But wait, there's more: 69 <code class="code">__allocator<T,A></code> is another adapter. Many of 70 the provided allocator classes were SGI style: such classes can be 71 changed to a conforming interface with this wrapper: 72 <code class="code">__allocator<T, __alloc></code> is thus the same as 73 <code class="code">allocator<T></code>. 74 </p><p> The class <code class="classname">allocator</code> used the typedef 75 <span class="type">__alloc</span> to select an underlying allocator that 76 satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this 77 underlying allocator was not user-configurable. 78 </p><div class="table"><a id="id653273"></a><p class="title"><b>Table B.1. Extension Allocators</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" /><col align="left" /><col align="left" /><col align="left" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator (3.4)</th><th align="left">Header (3.4)</th><th align="left">Allocator (3.[0-3])</th><th align="left">Header (3.[0-3])</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/new_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__new_alloc</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/malloc_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__malloc_alloc_template<int></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/debug_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::debug_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/pool_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__default_alloc_template<bool,int></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">memory</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/mt_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection 79 of available allocators. All of these new allocators are 80 standard-style. The following table includes details, along with 81 the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator. 82 </p><div class="table"><a id="id594438"></a><p class="title"><b>Table B.2. Extension Allocators Continued</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Extension Allocators Continued" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" /><col align="left" /><col align="left" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator</th><th align="left">Include</th><th align="left">Version</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code></td><td align="left">4.2.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> 83Debug mode first appears. 84</p><p> 85Precompiled header support <acronym class="acronym">PCH</acronym> support. 86</p><p> 87Macro guard for changed, from <code class="literal">_GLIBCPP_</code> to <code class="literal">_GLIBCXX_</code>. 88</p><p> 89Extension <code class="filename">ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h</code> added. 90</p><p> 91Extension <code class="filename">ext/demangle.h</code> added. 92</p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_400"></a><code class="constant">4.0</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 93 </p><p> 94TR1 features first appear. 95</p><p> 96Extension allocator <code class="filename">ext/array_allocator.h</code> added. 97</p><p> 98Extension <code class="code">codecvt</code> specializations moved to <code class="filename">ext/codecvt_specializations.h</code>. 99</p><p> 100Removal of <code class="filename">ext/demangle.h</code>. 101</p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_410"></a><code class="constant">4.1</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 102 </p><p> 103Removal of <code class="filename">cassert</code> from all standard headers: now has to be explicitly included for <code class="code">std::assert</code> calls. 104</p><p> Extensions for policy-based data structures first added. New includes, 105types, namespace <code class="code">pb_assoc</code>. 106</p><p> Extensions for typelists added in <code class="filename">ext/typelist.h</code>. 107</p><p> Extension for policy-based <code class="code">basic_string</code> first added: <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::__versa_string</code> in <code class="filename">ext/vstring.h</code>. 108</p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_420"></a><code class="constant">4.2</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 109 </p><p> Default visibility attributes applied to <code class="code">namespace std</code>. Support for <code class="code">-fvisibility</code>. 110</p><p>TR1 <code class="filename">random</code>, <code class="filename">complex</code>, and C compatibility headers added.</p><p> Extensions for concurrent programming consolidated 111into <code class="filename">ext/concurrence.h</code> and <code class="filename">ext/atomicity.h</code>, 112including change of namespace to <code class="code">__gnu_cxx</code> in some 113cases. Added types 114include <code class="code">_Lock_policy</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code class="code">__mutex</code>, <code class="code">__scoped_lock</code>.</p><p> Extensions for type traits consolidated 115into <code class="filename">ext/type_traits.h</code>. Additional traits are added 116(<code class="code">__conditional_type</code>, <code class="code">__enable_if</code>, others.) 117</p><p> Extensions for policy-based data structures revised. New includes, 118types, namespace moved to <code class="code">__pb_ds</code>. 119</p><p> Extensions for debug mode modified: now nested in <code class="code">namespace 120std::__debug</code> and extensions in <code class="code">namespace 121__gnu_cxx::__debug</code>.</p><p> Extensions added: <code class="filename">ext/typelist.h</code> 122and <code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code>. 123</p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_430"></a><code class="constant">4.3</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 124 </p><p> 125C++0X features first appear. 126</p><p>TR1 <code class="filename">regex</code> and <code class="filename">cmath</code>'s mathematical special function added. 127</p><p> 128Backward include edit. 129</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Removed</p><p> 130<code class="filename">algobase.h</code> <code class="filename">algo.h</code> <code class="filename">alloc.h</code> <code class="filename">bvector.h</code> <code class="filename">complex.h</code> 131<code class="filename">defalloc.h</code> <code class="filename">deque.h</code> <code class="filename">fstream.h</code> <code class="filename">function.h</code> <code class="filename">hash_map.h</code> <code class="filename">hash_set.h</code> 132<code class="filename">hashtable.h</code> <code class="filename">heap.h</code> <code class="filename">iomanip.h</code> <code class="filename">iostream.h</code> <code class="filename">istream.h</code> <code class="filename">iterator.h</code> 133<code class="filename">list.h</code> <code class="filename">map.h</code> <code class="filename">multimap.h</code> <code class="filename">multiset.h</code> <code class="filename">new.h</code> <code class="filename">ostream.h</code> <code class="filename">pair.h</code> <code class="filename">queue.h</code> <code class="filename">rope.h</code> <code class="filename">set.h</code> <code class="filename">slist.h</code> <code class="filename">stack.h</code> <code class="filename">streambuf.h</code> <code class="filename">stream.h</code> <code class="filename">tempbuf.h</code> 134<code class="filename">tree.h</code> <code class="filename">vector.h</code> 135 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Added</p><p> 136 <code class="filename">hash_map</code> and <code class="filename">hash_set</code> 137 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Added in C++0x</p><p> 138 <code class="filename">auto_ptr.h</code> and <code class="filename">binders.h</code> 139 </p></li></ul></div><p> 140Header dependency streamlining. 141</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">algorithm</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">climits</code>, <code class="filename">cstring</code>, or <code class="filename">iosfwd</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">bitset</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">istream</code> or <code class="filename">ostream</code>, adds <code class="filename">iosfwd</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">functional</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">cstddef</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">iomanip</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">istream</code>, <code class="filename">istream</code>, or <code class="filename">functional</code>, adds <code class="filename">ioswd</code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">numeric</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">iterator</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">string</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">algorithm</code> or <code class="filename">memory</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">valarray</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">numeric</code> or <code class="filename">cstdlib</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">tr1/hashtable</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">memory</code> or <code class="filename">functional</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">tr1/memory</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">algorithm</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename">tr1/random</code> no longer includes <code class="filename">algorithm</code> or <code class="filename">fstream</code></p></li></ul></div><p> 142Debug mode for <code class="filename">unordered_map</code> and <code class="filename">unordered_set</code>. 143</p><p> 144Parallel mode first appears. 145</p><p>Variadic template implementations of items in <code class="filename">tuple</code> and 146 <code class="filename">functional</code>. 147</p><p>Default <code class="code">what</code> implementations give more elaborate 148 exception strings for <code class="code">bad_cast</code>, 149 <code class="code">bad_typeid</code>, <code class="code">bad_exception</code>, and 150 <code class="code">bad_alloc</code>. 151</p><p> 152PCH binary files no longer installed. Instead, the source files are installed. 153</p><p> 154Namespace pb_ds moved to __gnu_pb_ds. 155</p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_440"></a><code class="constant">4.4</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 156 </p><p> 157C++0X features. 158</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> 159 Added. 160 </p><p> 161 <code class="filename">atomic</code>, 162 <code class="filename">chrono</code>, 163 <code class="filename">condition_variable</code>, 164 <code class="filename">forward_list</code>, 165 <code class="filename">initializer_list</code>, 166 <code class="filename">mutex</code>, 167 <code class="filename">ratio</code>, 168 <code class="filename">thread</code> 169 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 170 Updated and improved. 171 </p><p> 172 <code class="filename">algorithm</code>, 173 <code class="filename">system_error</code>, 174 <code class="filename">type_traits</code> 175 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 176 Use of the GNU extension namespace association converted to inline namespaces. 177 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 178 Preliminary support for <code class="classname">initializer_list</code> 179 and defaulted and deleted constructors in container classes. 180 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 181 <code class="classname">unique_ptr</code>. 182 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 183 Support for new character types <span class="type">char16_t</span> 184 and <span class="type">char32_t</span> added 185 to <code class="classname">char_traits</code>, <code class="classname">basic_string</code>, <code class="classname">numeric_limits</code>, 186 and assorted compile-time type traits. 187 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 188 Support for string conversions <code class="function">to_string</code> 189 and <code class="function">to_wstring</code>. 190 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 191 Member functions taking string arguments were added to iostreams 192 including <code class="classname">basic_filebuf</code>, <code class="classname">basic_ofstream</code>, 193 and <code class="classname">basic_ifstream</code>. 194 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 195 Exception propagation support, 196 including <code class="classname">exception_ptr</code>, <code class="function">current_exception</code>, <code class="function">copy_exception</code>, 197 and <code class="function">rethrow_exception</code>. 198 </p></li></ul></div><p> 199Uglification of <code class="literal">try</code> to <code class="literal">__try</code> 200and <code class="literal">catch</code> to <code class="literal">__catch</code>. 201 </p><p> 202Audit of internal mutex usage, conversion to functions returning static 203local mutex. 204 </p><p> Extensions 205added: <code class="filename">ext/pointer.h</code> 206and <code class="filename">ext/extptr_allocator.h</code>. Support 207for non-standard pointer types has been added 208to <code class="classname">vector</code> 209and <code class="classname">forward_list</code>. 210</p></div><div class="sect2" title="4.5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_450"></a><code class="constant">4.5</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 211 </p><p> 212C++0X features. 213</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p> 214 Added. 215 </p><p> 216 <code class="filename">functional</code>, 217 <code class="filename">future</code>, 218 <code class="filename">random</code> 219 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 220 Updated and improved. 221 </p><p> 222 <code class="filename">atomic</code>, 223 <code class="filename">system_error</code>, 224 <code class="filename">type_traits</code> 225 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 226 Add support for explicit operators and standard layout types. 227 </p></li></ul></div><p> 228Profile mode first appears. 229</p><p> 230Support for decimal floating-point arithmetic, including <code class="classname">decimal32</code>, <code class="classname">decimal64</code>, and <code class="classname">decimal128</code>. 231</p><p> 232Python pretty-printers are added for use with appropriately-advanced versions of <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span>. 233</p><p> 234Audit for application of function attributes notrow, const, pure, and noreturn. 235</p><p> 236The default behavior for comparing typeinfo names changed, so 237in <code class="filename">typeinfo</code>, <code class="literal">__GXX_MERGED_TYPEINFO_NAMES</code> 238now defaults to zero. 239</p><p> Extensions modified: <code class="filename">ext/throw_allocator.h</code>. 240</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="abi.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backwards.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">ABI Policy and Guidelines </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Backwards Compatibility</td></tr></table></div></body></html> 241