14fee23f9Smrg<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> 2d79abf08Smrg<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>API Evolution and Deprecation History</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, api, evolution, deprecation, history" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B. Porting and Maintenance" /><link rel="prev" href="abi.html" title="ABI Policy and Guidelines" /><link rel="next" href="backwards.html" title="Backwards Compatibility" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">API Evolution and Deprecation History</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="abi.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 34fee23f9Smrg Porting and Maintenance 44fee23f9Smrg 548fb7bfaSmrg</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backwards.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="appendix.porting.api"></a>API Evolution and Deprecation History</h2></div></div></div><p> 64fee23f9SmrgA list of user-visible changes, in chronological order 748fb7bfaSmrg</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_300"></a><code class="constant">3.0</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 84fee23f9SmrgExtensions moved to <code class="filename">include/ext</code>. 94fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 104fee23f9SmrgInclude files from the SGI/HP sources that pre-date the ISO standard 114fee23f9Smrgare added. These files are placed into 124fee23f9Smrgthe <code class="filename">include/backward</code> directory and a deprecated warning 134fee23f9Smrgis added that notifies on inclusion (<code class="literal">-Wno-deprecated</code> 144fee23f9Smrgdeactivates the warning.) 15181254a7Smrg</p><p>Deprecated include <code class="filename"><backward/strstream></code> added.</p><p>Removal of include <code class="filename"><builtinbuf.h></code>, <code class="filename"><indstream.h></code>, <code class="filename"><parsestream.h></code>, <code class="filename"><PlotFile.h></code>, <code class="filename"><SFile.h></code>, <code class="filename"><stdiostream.h></code>, and <code class="filename"><stream.h></code>. 1648fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_310"></a><code class="constant">3.1</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 174fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 184fee23f9SmrgExtensions from SGI/HP moved from <code class="code">namespace std</code> 194fee23f9Smrgto <code class="code">namespace __gnu_cxx</code>. As part of this, the following 204fee23f9Smrgnew includes are 21181254a7Smrgadded: <code class="filename"><ext/algorithm></code>, <code class="filename"><ext/functional></code>, <code class="filename"><ext/iterator></code>, <code class="filename"><ext/memory></code>, and <code class="filename"><ext/numeric></code>. 224fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 234fee23f9SmrgExtensions to <code class="code">basic_filebuf</code> introduced: <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::enc_filebuf</code>, and <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf</code>. 244fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 25181254a7SmrgExtensions to tree data structures added in <code class="filename"><ext/rb_tree></code>. 264fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 27181254a7SmrgRemoval of <code class="filename"><ext/tree></code>, moved to <code class="filename"><backward/tree.h></code>. 2848fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_320"></a><code class="constant">3.2</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 29181254a7Smrg </p><p>Symbol versioning introduced for shared library.</p><p>Removal of include <code class="filename"><backward/strstream.h></code>.</p><p>Allocator changes. Change <code class="code">__malloc_alloc</code> to <code class="code">malloc_allocator</code> and <code class="code">__new_alloc</code> to <code class="code">new_allocator</code>. </p><p> For GCC releases from 2.95 through the 3.1 series, defining 304fee23f9Smrg <code class="literal">__USE_MALLOC</code> on the gcc command line would change the 314fee23f9Smrg default allocation strategy to instead use <code class="code">malloc</code> and 32a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="code">free</code>. For the 3.2 and 3.3 release series the same 3348fb7bfaSmrg functionality was spelled <code class="literal">_GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</code>. From 34a3e9eb18Smrg GCC 3.4 onwards the default allocator uses <code class="code">new</code> anyway, 35a3e9eb18Smrg but for the optional pooling allocators the functionality is enabled by 36a3e9eb18Smrg setting <code class="literal">GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</code> in the environment, see 37fb8a8121Smrg <a class="link" href="mt_allocator.html" title="Chapter 19. The mt_allocator">the mt allocator chapter</a> 384fee23f9Smrg for details. 3948fb7bfaSmrg </p><p>Error handling in iostreams cleaned up, made consistent. </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_330"></a><code class="constant">3.3</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 4048fb7bfaSmrg </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_340"></a><code class="constant">3.4</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 414fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 424fee23f9SmrgLarge file support. 43181254a7Smrg</p><p> Extensions for generic characters and <code class="code">char_traits</code> added in <code class="filename"><ext/pod_char_traits.h></code>. 444fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 454fee23f9SmrgSupport for <code class="code">wchar_t</code> specializations of <code class="code">basic_filebuf</code> enhanced to support <code class="code">UTF-8</code> and <code class="code">Unicode</code>, depending on host. More hosts support basic <code class="code">wchar_t</code> functionality. 464fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 474fee23f9SmrgSupport for <code class="code">char_traits</code> beyond builtin types. 484fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 494fee23f9SmrgConformant <code class="code">allocator</code> class and usage in containers. As 504fee23f9Smrgpart of this, the following extensions are 51181254a7Smrgadded: <code class="filename"><ext/bitmap_allocator.h></code>, <code class="filename"><ext/debug_allocator.h></code>, <code class="filename"><ext/mt_allocator.h></code>, <code class="filename"><ext/malloc_allocator.h></code>,<code class="filename"><ext/new_allocator.h></code>, <code class="filename"><ext/pool_allocator.h></code>. 524fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 534fee23f9SmrgThis is a change from all previous versions, and may require 544fee23f9Smrgsource-level changes due to allocator-related changes to structures 554fee23f9Smrgnames and template parameters, filenames, and file locations. Some, 564fee23f9Smrglike <code class="code">__simple_alloc, __allocator, __alloc, </code> and <code class="code"> 574fee23f9Smrg_Alloc_traits</code> have been removed. 584fee23f9Smrg</p><p>Default behavior of <code class="code">std::allocator</code> has changed.</p><p> 594fee23f9Smrg Previous versions prior to 3.4 cache allocations in a memory 604fee23f9Smrg pool, instead of passing through to call the global allocation 614fee23f9Smrg operators (i.e., <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::pool_allocator</code>). More 624fee23f9Smrg recent versions default to the 634fee23f9Smrg simpler <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</code>. 644fee23f9Smrg</p><p> Previously, all allocators were written to the SGI 654fee23f9Smrg style, and all STL containers expected this interface. This 664fee23f9Smrg interface had a traits class called <code class="code">_Alloc_traits</code> that 674fee23f9Smrg attempted to provide more information for compile-time allocation 684fee23f9Smrg selection and optimization. This traits class had another allocator 694fee23f9Smrg wrapper, <code class="code">__simple_alloc<T,A></code>, which was a 704fee23f9Smrg wrapper around another allocator, A, which itself is an allocator 714fee23f9Smrg for instances of T. But wait, there's more: 724fee23f9Smrg <code class="code">__allocator<T,A></code> is another adapter. Many of 734fee23f9Smrg the provided allocator classes were SGI style: such classes can be 744fee23f9Smrg changed to a conforming interface with this wrapper: 754fee23f9Smrg <code class="code">__allocator<T, __alloc></code> is thus the same as 764fee23f9Smrg <code class="code">allocator<T></code>. 774fee23f9Smrg </p><p> The class <code class="classname">allocator</code> used the typedef 784fee23f9Smrg <span class="type">__alloc</span> to select an underlying allocator that 794fee23f9Smrg satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this 804fee23f9Smrg underlying allocator was not user-configurable. 81181254a7Smrg </p><div class="table"><a id="table.extension_allocators"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.6. Extension Allocators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Extension Allocators" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /><col align="left" class="c4" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator (3.4)</th><th align="left">Header (3.4)</th><th align="left">Allocator (3.[0-3])</th><th align="left">Header (3.[0-3])</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/new_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__new_alloc</code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><memory></code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/malloc_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__malloc_alloc_template<int></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><memory></code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/debug_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::debug_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><memory></code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/pool_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left"><code class="classname">std::__default_alloc_template<bool,int></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><memory></code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/mt_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/bitmap_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection 824fee23f9Smrg of available allocators. All of these new allocators are 834fee23f9Smrg standard-style. The following table includes details, along with 844fee23f9Smrg the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator. 85181254a7Smrg </p><div class="table"><a id="table.extension_allocators2"></a><p class="title"><strong>Table B.7. Extension Allocators Continued</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Extension Allocators Continued" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1" /><col align="left" class="c2" /><col align="left" class="c3" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Allocator</th><th align="left">Include</th><th align="left">Version</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/array_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left">4.0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator<T></code></td><td align="left"><code class="filename"><ext/throw_allocator.h></code></td><td align="left">4.2.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> 864fee23f9SmrgDebug mode first appears. 874fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 884fee23f9SmrgPrecompiled header support <acronym class="acronym">PCH</acronym> support. 894fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 904fee23f9SmrgMacro guard for changed, from <code class="literal">_GLIBCPP_</code> to <code class="literal">_GLIBCXX_</code>. 914fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 92181254a7SmrgExtension <code class="filename"><ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h></code> added. 934fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 94181254a7SmrgExtension <code class="filename"><ext/demangle.h></code> added. 9548fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_400"></a><code class="constant">4.0</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 964fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 974fee23f9SmrgTR1 features first appear. 984fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 99181254a7SmrgExtension allocator <code class="filename"><ext/array_allocator.h></code> added. 1004fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 101181254a7SmrgExtension <code class="code">codecvt</code> specializations moved to <code class="filename"><ext/codecvt_specializations.h></code>. 1024fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 103181254a7SmrgRemoval of <code class="filename"><ext/demangle.h></code>. 10448fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_410"></a><code class="constant">4.1</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 1054fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 106181254a7SmrgRemoval of <code class="filename"><cassert></code> from all standard headers: now has to be explicitly included for <code class="code">std::assert</code> calls. 1074fee23f9Smrg</p><p> Extensions for policy-based data structures first added. New includes, 1084fee23f9Smrgtypes, namespace <code class="code">pb_assoc</code>. 109181254a7Smrg</p><p> Extensions for typelists added in <code class="filename"><ext/typelist.h></code>. 110181254a7Smrg</p><p> Extension for policy-based <code class="code">basic_string</code> first added: <code class="code">__gnu_cxx::__versa_string</code> in <code class="filename"><ext/vstring.h></code>. 11148fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_420"></a><code class="constant">4.2</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 1124fee23f9Smrg </p><p> Default visibility attributes applied to <code class="code">namespace std</code>. Support for <code class="code">-fvisibility</code>. 113181254a7Smrg</p><p>TR1 <code class="filename"><random></code>, <code class="filename"><complex></code>, and C compatibility headers added.</p><p> Extensions for concurrent programming consolidated 114181254a7Smrginto <code class="filename"><ext/concurrence.h></code> and <code class="filename"><ext/atomicity.h></code>, 1154fee23f9Smrgincluding change of namespace to <code class="code">__gnu_cxx</code> in some 1164fee23f9Smrgcases. Added types 1174fee23f9Smrginclude <code class="code">_Lock_policy</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code class="code">__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code class="code">__mutex</code>, <code class="code">__scoped_lock</code>.</p><p> Extensions for type traits consolidated 118181254a7Smrginto <code class="filename"><ext/type_traits.h></code>. Additional traits are added 1194fee23f9Smrg(<code class="code">__conditional_type</code>, <code class="code">__enable_if</code>, others.) 1204fee23f9Smrg</p><p> Extensions for policy-based data structures revised. New includes, 1214fee23f9Smrgtypes, namespace moved to <code class="code">__pb_ds</code>. 1224fee23f9Smrg</p><p> Extensions for debug mode modified: now nested in <code class="code">namespace 1234fee23f9Smrgstd::__debug</code> and extensions in <code class="code">namespace 124181254a7Smrg__gnu_cxx::__debug</code>.</p><p> Extensions added: <code class="filename"><ext/typelist.h></code> 125181254a7Smrgand <code class="filename"><ext/throw_allocator.h></code>. 12648fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_430"></a><code class="constant">4.3</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 1274fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 1284fee23f9SmrgC++0X features first appear. 129181254a7Smrg</p><p>TR1 <code class="filename"><regex></code> and <code class="filename"><cmath></code>'s mathematical special function added. 1304fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 1314fee23f9SmrgBackward include edit. 13248fb7bfaSmrg</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>Removed</p><p> 133181254a7Smrg<code class="filename"><algobase.h></code> <code class="filename"><algo.h></code> <code class="filename"><alloc.h></code> <code class="filename"><bvector.h></code> <code class="filename"><complex.h></code> 134181254a7Smrg<code class="filename"><defalloc.h></code> <code class="filename"><deque.h></code> <code class="filename"><fstream.h></code> <code class="filename"><function.h></code> <code class="filename"><hash_map.h></code> <code class="filename"><hash_set.h></code> 135181254a7Smrg<code class="filename"><hashtable.h></code> <code class="filename"><heap.h></code> <code class="filename"><iomanip.h></code> <code class="filename"><iostream.h></code> <code class="filename"><istream.h></code> <code class="filename"><iterator.h></code> 136181254a7Smrg<code class="filename"><list.h></code> <code class="filename"><map.h></code> <code class="filename"><multimap.h></code> <code class="filename"><multiset.h></code> <code class="filename"><new.h></code> <code class="filename"><ostream.h></code> <code class="filename"><pair.h></code> <code class="filename"><queue.h></code> <code class="filename"><rope.h></code> <code class="filename"><set.h></code> <code class="filename"><slist.h></code> <code class="filename"><stack.h></code> <code class="filename"><streambuf.h></code> <code class="filename"><stream.h></code> <code class="filename"><tempbuf.h></code> 137181254a7Smrg<code class="filename"><tree.h></code> <code class="filename"><vector.h></code> 1384fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Added</p><p> 139181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><hash_map></code> and <code class="filename"><hash_set></code> 14048fb7bfaSmrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Added in C++11</p><p> 141181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><auto_ptr.h></code> and <code class="filename"><binders.h></code> 1424fee23f9Smrg </p></li></ul></div><p> 1434fee23f9SmrgHeader dependency streamlining. 144181254a7Smrg</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><algorithm></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><climits></code>, <code class="filename"><cstring></code>, or <code class="filename"><iosfwd></code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><bitset></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><istream></code> or <code class="filename"><ostream></code>, adds <code class="filename"><iosfwd></code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><functional></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><cstddef></code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><iomanip></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><istream></code>, <code class="filename"><istream></code>, or <code class="filename"><functional></code>, adds <code class="filename"><ioswd></code> </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><numeric></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><iterator></code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><string></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><algorithm></code> or <code class="filename"><memory></code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><valarray></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><numeric></code> or <code class="filename"><cstdlib></code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><tr1/hashtable></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><memory></code> or <code class="filename"><functional></code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><tr1/memory></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><algorithm></code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><code class="filename"><tr1/random></code> no longer includes <code class="filename"><algorithm></code> or <code class="filename"><fstream></code></p></li></ul></div><p> 145181254a7SmrgDebug mode for <code class="filename"><unordered_map></code> and <code class="filename"><unordered_set></code>. 1464fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 1474fee23f9SmrgParallel mode first appears. 148181254a7Smrg</p><p>Variadic template implementations of items in <code class="filename"><tuple></code> and 149181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><functional></code>. 1504fee23f9Smrg</p><p>Default <code class="code">what</code> implementations give more elaborate 1514fee23f9Smrg exception strings for <code class="code">bad_cast</code>, 1524fee23f9Smrg <code class="code">bad_typeid</code>, <code class="code">bad_exception</code>, and 1534fee23f9Smrg <code class="code">bad_alloc</code>. 1544fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 1554fee23f9SmrgPCH binary files no longer installed. Instead, the source files are installed. 1564fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 1574fee23f9SmrgNamespace pb_ds moved to __gnu_pb_ds. 15848fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_440"></a><code class="constant">4.4</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 1594fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 1604fee23f9SmrgC++0X features. 16148fb7bfaSmrg</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p> 1624fee23f9Smrg Added. 1634fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 164181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><atomic></code>, 165181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><chrono></code>, 166181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><condition_variable></code>, 167181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><forward_list></code>, 168181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><initializer_list></code>, 169181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><mutex></code>, 170181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><ratio></code>, 171181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><thread></code> 1724fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1734fee23f9Smrg Updated and improved. 1744fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 175181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><algorithm></code>, 176181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><system_error></code>, 177181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><type_traits></code> 1784fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1794fee23f9Smrg Use of the GNU extension namespace association converted to inline namespaces. 1804fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1814fee23f9Smrg Preliminary support for <code class="classname">initializer_list</code> 1824fee23f9Smrg and defaulted and deleted constructors in container classes. 1834fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1844fee23f9Smrg <code class="classname">unique_ptr</code>. 1854fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1864fee23f9Smrg Support for new character types <span class="type">char16_t</span> 1874fee23f9Smrg and <span class="type">char32_t</span> added 1884fee23f9Smrg to <code class="classname">char_traits</code>, <code class="classname">basic_string</code>, <code class="classname">numeric_limits</code>, 1894fee23f9Smrg and assorted compile-time type traits. 1904fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1914fee23f9Smrg Support for string conversions <code class="function">to_string</code> 1924fee23f9Smrg and <code class="function">to_wstring</code>. 1934fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1944fee23f9Smrg Member functions taking string arguments were added to iostreams 1954fee23f9Smrg including <code class="classname">basic_filebuf</code>, <code class="classname">basic_ofstream</code>, 1964fee23f9Smrg and <code class="classname">basic_ifstream</code>. 1974fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 1984fee23f9Smrg Exception propagation support, 1994fee23f9Smrg including <code class="classname">exception_ptr</code>, <code class="function">current_exception</code>, <code class="function">copy_exception</code>, 2004fee23f9Smrg and <code class="function">rethrow_exception</code>. 2014fee23f9Smrg </p></li></ul></div><p> 2024fee23f9SmrgUglification of <code class="literal">try</code> to <code class="literal">__try</code> 2034fee23f9Smrgand <code class="literal">catch</code> to <code class="literal">__catch</code>. 2044fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 2054fee23f9SmrgAudit of internal mutex usage, conversion to functions returning static 2064fee23f9Smrglocal mutex. 2074fee23f9Smrg </p><p> Extensions 208181254a7Smrgadded: <code class="filename"><ext/pointer.h></code> 209181254a7Smrgand <code class="filename"><ext/extptr_allocator.h></code>. Support 2104fee23f9Smrgfor non-standard pointer types has been added 2114fee23f9Smrgto <code class="classname">vector</code> 2124fee23f9Smrgand <code class="classname">forward_list</code>. 21348fb7bfaSmrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_450"></a><code class="constant">4.5</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 2144fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 2154fee23f9SmrgC++0X features. 21648fb7bfaSmrg</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p> 2174fee23f9Smrg Added. 2184fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 219181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><functional></code>, 220181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><future></code>, 221181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><random></code> 2224fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 2234fee23f9Smrg Updated and improved. 2244fee23f9Smrg </p><p> 225181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><atomic></code>, 226181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><system_error></code>, 227181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><type_traits></code> 2284fee23f9Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 2294fee23f9Smrg Add support for explicit operators and standard layout types. 2304fee23f9Smrg </p></li></ul></div><p> 2314fee23f9SmrgProfile mode first appears. 2324fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 2334fee23f9SmrgSupport for decimal floating-point arithmetic, including <code class="classname">decimal32</code>, <code class="classname">decimal64</code>, and <code class="classname">decimal128</code>. 2344fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 2354fee23f9SmrgPython pretty-printers are added for use with appropriately-advanced versions of <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span>. 2364fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 2374d5abbe8SmrgAudit for application of function attributes nothrow, const, pure, and noreturn. 2384fee23f9Smrg</p><p> 2394fee23f9SmrgThe default behavior for comparing typeinfo names changed, so 240181254a7Smrgin <code class="filename"><typeinfo></code>, <code class="literal">__GXX_MERGED_TYPEINFO_NAMES</code> 2414fee23f9Smrgnow defaults to zero. 242181254a7Smrg</p><p> Extensions modified: <code class="filename"><ext/throw_allocator.h></code>. 2434d5abbe8Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_460"></a><code class="constant">4.6</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 2444d5abbe8Smrg Use constexpr and nullptr where appropriate throughout the library. 2454d5abbe8Smrg</p><p> 2464d5abbe8Smrg The library was updated to avoid including 247181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><stddef.h></code> in order 2484d5abbe8Smrg to reduce namespace pollution. 2494d5abbe8Smrg</p><p>Reference-count annotations to assist data race detectors. 2504d5abbe8Smrg</p><p> 2514d5abbe8Smrg Added <code class="function">make_exception_ptr</code> as an alias of 2524d5abbe8Smrg <code class="function">copy_exception</code>. 2534d5abbe8Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_470"></a><code class="constant">4.7</code></h3></div></div></div><p>Use of noexcept throughout library.</p><p>Partial support for C++11 allocators first appears.</p><p> 2544d5abbe8Smrg <code class="classname">monotonic_clock</code> renamed to 2554d5abbe8Smrg <code class="classname">steady_clock</code> as required by the final C++11 2564d5abbe8Smrg standard. 2574d5abbe8Smrg</p><p>A new clocale model for newlib is available.</p><p> 2584d5abbe8Smrg The library was updated to avoid including 259181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><unistd.h></code> in order 2604d5abbe8Smrg to reduce namespace pollution. 2614d5abbe8Smrg</p><p>Debug Mode was improved for unordered containers. </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_480"></a><code class="constant">4.8</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 2624d5abbe8Smrg New random number engines and distributions. 2634d5abbe8Smrg Optimisations for random. 2644d5abbe8Smrg</p><p>New --enable-libstdcxx-verbose configure option</p><p> 2654d5abbe8Smrg The --enable-libstdcxx-time configure option becomes unnecessary given a 2664d5abbe8Smrg sufficiently recent glibc. 267a3e9eb18Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_490"></a><code class="constant">4.9</code></h3></div></div></div><p> Implementation of <code class="classname">regex</code> completed. </p><p> C++14 library and TS implementations are added. </p><p> <code class="function">copy_exception</code> deprecated. </p><p> <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator</code> deprecated. </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_51"></a><code class="constant">5</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 2684d5abbe8Smrg ABI transition adds new implementations of several components, using the 2694d5abbe8Smrg <code class="code">abi_tag</code> attribute and the <code class="code">__cxx11</code> inline 2704d5abbe8Smrg namespace to distinguish the new entities from the old ones. 2714d5abbe8Smrg</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p> 2724d5abbe8Smrg Use of the new or old ABI can be selected per-translation unit with the 273a3e9eb18Smrg <a class="xref" href="using_macros.html" title="Macros">Macros</a>. 2744d5abbe8Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 2754d5abbe8Smrg New non-reference-counted <code class="classname">string</code> implementation. 2764d5abbe8Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 2774d5abbe8Smrg New <code class="classname">list</code> implementation containing a new 2784d5abbe8Smrg data member in order to provide O(1) <code class="function">size()</code>. 279a3e9eb18Smrg </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> 280a3e9eb18Smrg New <code class="classname">ios_base::failure</code> implementation inheriting 281a3e9eb18Smrg from <code class="classname">system_error</code>. 2824d5abbe8Smrg </p></li></ul></div><p> 2834d5abbe8Smrg C++11 support completed (movable iostreams, new I/O manipulators, 2844d5abbe8Smrg Unicode conversion utilities, atomic operations for 2854d5abbe8Smrg <code class="classname">shared_ptr</code>, functions for notifying condition 2864d5abbe8Smrg variables and making futures ready at thread exit). 2874d5abbe8Smrg</p><p> 2884d5abbe8Smrg Changed formatting of floating point types when 2894d5abbe8Smrg <code class="code">ios_base::fixed|ios_base::scientific</code> is set in a stream's 2904d5abbe8Smrg format flags. 2914d5abbe8Smrg</p><p> Improved C++14 support and TS implementations. </p><p> New random number engines and distributions. </p><p> 2924d5abbe8Smrg GDB Xmethods for containers and <code class="classname">unique_ptr</code> added. 2934d5abbe8Smrg</p><p> 2944d5abbe8Smrg <code class="classname">has_trivial_default_constructor</code>, 2954d5abbe8Smrg <code class="classname">has_trivial_copy_constructor</code> and 2964d5abbe8Smrg <code class="classname">has_trivial_copy_assign</code> deprecated. 297a3e9eb18Smrg</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="api.rel_53"></a><code class="constant">5.3</code></h4></div></div></div><p> Experimental implementation of the C++ Filesystem TS added. </p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_61"></a><code class="constant">6</code></h3></div></div></div><p> C++14 support completed. </p><p> 298a3e9eb18Smrg Support for mathematical special functions (ISO/IEC 29124:2010) added. 299a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 300a3e9eb18Smrg Assertions to check function preconditions can be enabled by defining the 301fb8a8121Smrg <a class="link" href="using_macros.html" title="Macros"><span class="symbol">_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS</span> 302fb8a8121Smrg macro</a>. 303a3e9eb18Smrg The initial set of assertions are a subset of the checks enabled by 304a3e9eb18Smrg the Debug Mode, but without the ABI changes and changes to algorithmic 305a3e9eb18Smrg complexity that are caused by enabling the full Debug Mode. 306a3e9eb18Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_71"></a><code class="constant">7</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 307a3e9eb18Smrg The type of exception thrown by iostreams changed to the <code class="code">cxx11</code> 308a3e9eb18Smrg ABI version of <code class="classname">std::ios_base::failure</code>. 309a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 310a3e9eb18Smrg Experimental C++17 support added, including most new library features. 311a3e9eb18Smrg The meaning of <code class="classname">shared_ptr<T[]></code> changed to 312a3e9eb18Smrg match the C++17 semantics. 313a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 314a3e9eb18Smrg <a class="xref" href="using_macros.html" title="Macros">Macros</a> added. 315a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 316a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="classname">has_trivial_default_constructor</code>, 317a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="classname">has_trivial_copy_constructor</code> and 318a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="classname">has_trivial_copy_assign</code> removed. 319b1e83836Smrg</p><p> 320b1e83836SmrgCalling a <code class="code">std::bind</code> result as volatile was deprecated for C++17. 321181254a7Smrg</p><p> Profile Mode was deprecated. </p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="api.rel_72"></a><code class="constant">7.2</code></h4></div></div></div><p> 322181254a7Smrg Library Fundamentals TS header 323181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/source_location></code> 324181254a7Smrg added. 325181254a7Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="api.rel_73"></a><code class="constant">7.3</code></h4></div></div></div><p> 326a3e9eb18Smrg Including new C++14 or C++17 headers without a suitable <code class="option">-std</code> 327a3e9eb18Smrg no longer causes compilation to fail via <code class="literal">#error</code>. 328a3e9eb18Smrg Instead the header is simply empty and doesn't define anything. 329a3e9eb18Smrg</p></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_81"></a><code class="constant">8</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 330a3e9eb18Smrg The exceptions thrown by iostreams can now be caught by handlers for either 331a3e9eb18Smrg version of <code class="classname">std::ios_base::failure</code>. 332a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 333181254a7Smrg Improved experimental C++17 support. Headers 334181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><charconv></code> and 335181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><filesystem></code>. 336a3e9eb18Smrg Experimental implementation of the C++17 Filesystem library added. 337a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 338181254a7Smrg Experimental C++2a support 339181254a7Smrg (<code class="function">to_address</code> and <code class="classname">endian</code>). 340181254a7Smrg</p><p> 341a3e9eb18Smrg AddressSanitizer annotations added to <code class="classname">std::vector</code> 342a3e9eb18Smrg to detect out-of-range accesses to the unused capacity of a vector. 343a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 344a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="function">std::char_traits<char16_t>::to_int_type(u'\uFFFF')</code> 345a3e9eb18Smrg now returns <code class="literal">0xFFFD</code>, as <code class="literal">0xFFFF</code> is 346a3e9eb18Smrg used for <code class="function">std::char_traits<char16_t>::eof()</code>. 347a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 348a3e9eb18Smrg The extension allowing arithmetic on 349a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="classname">std::atomic<void*></code> and types like 350a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="classname">std::atomic<R(*)()></code> was deprecated. 351a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 352a3e9eb18Smrg The <code class="function">std::uncaught_exception</code> function was deprecated 353a3e9eb18Smrg for C++17 mode. 354a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 355a3e9eb18Smrg The nested typedefs <span class="type">std::hash::result_type</span> and 356a3e9eb18Smrg <span class="type">std::hash::argument_type</span> were deprecated for C++17 mode. 357a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 358a3e9eb18Smrg The deprecated iostream members <span class="type">ios_base::io_state</span>, 359a3e9eb18Smrg <span class="type">ios_base::open_mode</span>, <span class="type">ios_base::seek_dir</span>, and 360a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="function">basic_streambuf::stossc</code> were removed for C++17 mode. 361a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 362a3e9eb18Smrg The non-standard C++0x <code class="function">std::copy_exception</code> function 363a3e9eb18Smrg was removed. 364a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 365a3e9eb18Smrg For <code class="option">-std=c++11</code>, <code class="option">-std=c++14</code>, and 366a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="option">-std=c++17</code> modes the <code class="filename"><complex.h></code> 367a3e9eb18Smrg header no longer includes the C99 <code class="filename"><complex.h></code> 368a3e9eb18Smrg header. 369a3e9eb18Smrg</p><p> 370a3e9eb18Smrg For the non-default <code class="option">--enable-symvers=gnu-versioned-namespace</code> 371a3e9eb18Smrg configuration, the shared library SONAME has been changed to 372a3e9eb18Smrg <code class="filename">libstdc++.so.8</code>. 373*0a307195Smrg</p><p> 374*0a307195Smrg The extension allowing containers to be instantiated with an allocator 375*0a307195Smrg that doesn't match the container's value type is no longer allowed in 376*0a307195Smrg strict (<code class="option">-std=c++NN</code>) modes, only in 377*0a307195Smrg <code class="option">-std=gnu++NN</code> modes. 378181254a7Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_91"></a><code class="constant">9</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 379181254a7Smrg C++17 header 380181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><memory_resource></code> 381181254a7Smrg added. 382181254a7Smrg</p><p> 383181254a7Smrg Experimental C++2a support improved, with new headers 384181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><bit></code> and 385181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><version></code> added. 386181254a7Smrg Support for new character type <span class="type">char8_t</span> added 387181254a7Smrg to <code class="classname">char_traits</code>, <code class="classname">basic_string</code>, 388181254a7Smrg <code class="classname">numeric_limits</code>, 389181254a7Smrg and relevant locale facets and type traits. 390181254a7Smrg</p><p> 391181254a7Smrg Experimental implementation of the Networking TS library added, 392181254a7Smrg with new headers 393181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/buffer></code>, 394181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/executor></code>, 395181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/internet></code>, 396181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/io_context></code>, 397181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/net></code>, 398181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/netfwd></code>, 399181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/socket></code>, 400181254a7Smrg and 401181254a7Smrg <code class="filename"><experimental/timer></code>. 402fb8a8121Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_101"></a><code class="constant">10</code></h3></div></div></div><p> Deprecated features removed: 403fb8a8121Smrg</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"> Profile Mode </li><li class="listitem"><code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::array_allocator</code></li></ul></div><p> 404fb8a8121Smrg</p><p> 405fb8a8121Smrg The non-standard <code class="function">std::__is_nullptr_t</code> type trait 406fb8a8121Smrg was deprecated. 407fb8a8121Smrg</p><p> 408fb8a8121Smrg The <code class="classname">std::packaged_task</code> constructors taking 409fb8a8121Smrg an allocator argument are only defined for C++11 and C++14. 410fb8a8121Smrg</p><p> 411fb8a8121Smrg Several members of <code class="classname">std::allocator</code> were removed 412fb8a8121Smrg for C++20 mode. The removed functionality has been provided by 413fb8a8121Smrg <code class="classname">std::allocator_traits</code> since C++11 and that should 414fb8a8121Smrg be used instead. 415fb8a8121Smrg</p><p> 416fb8a8121Smrg The type of the <code class="classname">std::iterator</code> base class of 417fb8a8121Smrg <code class="classname">std::istreambuf_iterator</code> was changed to be 418fb8a8121Smrg consistent for all <code class="option">-std</code> modes. 419fb8a8121Smrg Before GCC 10.1 the base class had one type in C++98 mode and a 420fb8a8121Smrg different type in C++11 and later modes. The type in C++98 mode 421fb8a8121Smrg was changed to be the same as for C++11 and later. 422fb8a8121Smrg</p><p> 423fb8a8121Smrg Experimental C++2a support improved, with new headers 424fb8a8121Smrg <code class="filename"><concepts></code>, 425fb8a8121Smrg <code class="filename"><ranges></code>, 426fb8a8121Smrg <code class="filename"><compare></code>, 427fb8a8121Smrg <code class="filename"><coroutine></code>, 428fb8a8121Smrg <code class="filename"><numbers></code>, 429fb8a8121Smrg <code class="filename"><span></code>, 430fb8a8121Smrg and 431fb8a8121Smrg <code class="filename"><stop_token></code> 432fb8a8121Smrg added. 433*0a307195Smrg</p><p> 434*0a307195Smrg The extension allowing containers to be instantiated with an allocator 435*0a307195Smrg that doesn't match the container's value type is no longer allowed in 436*0a307195Smrg C++20 mode, even in non-strict <code class="option">-std=gnu++20</code> mode. 437b1e83836Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_111"></a><code class="constant">11</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 438b1e83836Smrg The <code class="option">--enable-cheaders=c_std</code> configuration 439b1e83836Smrg was deprecated. 4407d4dc15bSmrg</p><p> 441b1e83836Smrg When compiling as C++20, the <code class="function">operator>></code> overloads 442b1e83836Smrg for extracting strings into character buffers only work with arrays, 443b1e83836Smrg not raw pointers. 444b1e83836Smrg</p><p> 445b1e83836Smrg <code class="code">std::string::reserve(n)</code> will no longer reduce 446b1e83836Smrg the string's capacity. 447b1e83836Smrg Calling <code class="function">reserve()</code> with no arguments is equivalent 448b1e83836Smrg to <code class="function">shrink_to_fit()</code>, but is deprecated. 449b1e83836Smrg <code class="function">shrink_to_fit()</code> should be used instead. 450b1e83836Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_121"></a><code class="constant">12</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 451b1e83836SmrgThe <code class="function">std::random_shuffle</code> algorithms are deprecated 452b1e83836Smrgfor C++14 and later. The C++11 <code class="function">std::shuffle</code> algorithm 453b1e83836Smrgcan be used instead. 454b1e83836Smrg</p><p> 455b1e83836SmrgThe <code class="function">std::unexpected</code> function and related typedef and 456b1e83836Smrgaccessors for the unexpected handler are deprecated for C++11 and later. 457b1e83836SmrgDynamic exception specifications should be replaced with <code class="code">noexcept</code>. 458b1e83836Smrg</p><p> 459b1e83836SmrgC++98 adaptable function utilities 460b1e83836Smrg(<code class="code">std::bind1st</code>, <code class="code">std::unary_function</code>, 461b1e83836Smrg<code class="code">std::ptr_fun</code>, <code class="code">std::mem_fun_ref</code> etc.) 462b1e83836Smrgwere deprecated for C++11. 463b1e83836Smrg<code class="code">std::iterator</code>, <code class="code">std::raw_storage_iterator</code>, 464b1e83836Smrg<code class="code">get_temporary_buffer</code>, and <code class="code">std::not_fun</code> 465b1e83836Smrgwere deprecated for C++17. 466b1e83836Smrg</p><p> 467b1e83836SmrgNon-standard <code class="code">std::pair</code> constructors were deprecated. 468b1e83836SmrgA non-standard default argument for 469b1e83836Smrg<code class="code">vector<bool>::insert(const_iterator, const bool&)</code> 470b1e83836Smrgwas deprecated. 471b1e83836Smrg</p><p> 472b1e83836SmrgThe <code class="literal">bitmap</code>, <code class="literal">mt</code>, and <code class="literal">pool</code> 473b1e83836Smrgoptions for <code class="option">--enable-libstdcxx-allocator</code> were removed. 474b1e83836SmrgFor the <code class="literal">new</code> option, <code class="classname">std::allocator</code> 475b1e83836Smrgno longer derives from <code class="classname">__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</code>; 476b1e83836Smrgthey both derive from <code class="classname">std::__new_allocator</code> instead. 477b1e83836Smrg</p><p> 478b1e83836Smrg<code class="function">std::condition_variable::wait</code> changed to be 479b1e83836Smrg<code class="code">noexcept(false)</code> to allow thread cancellation exceptions to 480b1e83836Smrgbe thrown from <code class="function">pthread_cond_wait</code> without aborting 481b1e83836Smrgthe process. 482b1e83836Smrg</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="api.rel_123"></a><code class="constant">12.3</code></h3></div></div></div><p> 483b1e83836SmrgCalling a <code class="code">std::bind</code> result as volatile is ill-formed for C++20 484b1e83836Smrgand later. 48548fb7bfaSmrg</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="abi.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backwards.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">ABI Policy and Guidelines </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Backwards Compatibility</td></tr></table></div></body></html>