xref: /netbsd-src/external/gpl3/gcc.old/dist/gcc/cp/cvt.c (revision 4f645668ed707e1f969c546666f8c8e45e6f8888)
1 /* Language-level data type conversion for GNU C++.
2    Copyright (C) 1987-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3    Hacked by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com)
4 
5 This file is part of GCC.
6 
7 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
10 any later version.
11 
12 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
19 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
20 
21 
22 /* This file contains the functions for converting C++ expressions
23    to different data types.  The only entry point is `convert'.
24    Every language front end must have a `convert' function
25    but what kind of conversions it does will depend on the language.  */
26 
27 #include "config.h"
28 #include "system.h"
29 #include "coretypes.h"
30 #include "target.h"
31 #include "cp-tree.h"
32 #include "stor-layout.h"
33 #include "flags.h"
34 #include "intl.h"
35 #include "convert.h"
36 #include "stringpool.h"
37 #include "attribs.h"
38 
39 static tree convert_to_pointer_force (tree, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
40 static tree build_type_conversion (tree, tree);
41 static tree build_up_reference (tree, tree, int, tree, tsubst_flags_t);
42 static void diagnose_ref_binding (location_t, tree, tree, tree);
43 
44 /* Change of width--truncation and extension of integers or reals--
45    is represented with NOP_EXPR.  Proper functioning of many things
46    assumes that no other conversions can be NOP_EXPRs.
47 
48    Conversion between integer and pointer is represented with CONVERT_EXPR.
49    Converting integer to real uses FLOAT_EXPR
50    and real to integer uses FIX_TRUNC_EXPR.
51 
52    Here is a list of all the functions that assume that widening and
53    narrowing is always done with a NOP_EXPR:
54      In convert.c, convert_to_integer[_maybe_fold].
55      In c-typeck.c, build_binary_op_nodefault (boolean ops),
56 	and c_common_truthvalue_conversion.
57      In expr.c: expand_expr, for operands of a MULT_EXPR.
58      In fold-const.c: fold.
59      In tree.c: get_narrower and get_unwidened.
60 
61    C++: in multiple-inheritance, converting between pointers may involve
62    adjusting them by a delta stored within the class definition.  */
63 
64 /* Subroutines of `convert'.  */
65 
66 /* if converting pointer to pointer
67      if dealing with classes, check for derived->base or vice versa
68      else if dealing with method pointers, delegate
69      else convert blindly
70    else if converting class, pass off to build_type_conversion
71    else try C-style pointer conversion.  */
72 
73 static tree
74 cp_convert_to_pointer (tree type, tree expr, bool dofold,
75 		       tsubst_flags_t complain)
76 {
77   tree intype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
78   enum tree_code form;
79   tree rval;
80   location_t loc = cp_expr_loc_or_loc (expr, input_location);
81 
82   if (intype == error_mark_node)
83     return error_mark_node;
84 
85   if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (intype))
86     {
87       intype = complete_type (intype);
88       if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (intype))
89 	{
90 	  if (complain & tf_error)
91 	    error_at (loc, "can%'t convert from incomplete type %qH to %qI",
92 		      intype, type);
93 	  return error_mark_node;
94 	}
95 
96       rval = build_type_conversion (type, expr);
97       if (rval)
98 	{
99 	  if ((complain & tf_error)
100 	      && rval == error_mark_node)
101 	    error_at (loc, "conversion of %qE from %qH to %qI is ambiguous",
102 		      expr, intype, type);
103 	  return rval;
104 	}
105     }
106 
107   /* Handle anachronistic conversions from (::*)() to cv void* or (*)().  */
108   if (TYPE_PTR_P (type)
109       && (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == FUNCTION_TYPE
110 	  || VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (type))))
111     {
112       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (intype)
113 	  || TREE_CODE (intype) == METHOD_TYPE)
114 	return convert_member_func_to_ptr (type, expr, complain);
115       if (TYPE_PTR_P (TREE_TYPE (expr)))
116 	return build_nop (type, expr);
117       intype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
118     }
119 
120   if (expr == error_mark_node)
121     return error_mark_node;
122 
123   form = TREE_CODE (intype);
124 
125   if (INDIRECT_TYPE_P (intype))
126     {
127       intype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (intype);
128 
129       if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) != intype
130 	  && TYPE_PTR_P (type)
131 	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == RECORD_TYPE
132 	  && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (type))
133 	  && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (intype))
134 	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (intype)) == RECORD_TYPE)
135 	{
136 	  enum tree_code code = PLUS_EXPR;
137 	  tree binfo;
138 	  tree intype_class;
139 	  tree type_class;
140 	  bool same_p;
141 
142 	  intype_class = TREE_TYPE (intype);
143 	  type_class = TREE_TYPE (type);
144 
145 	  same_p = same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (intype_class),
146 				TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type_class));
147 	  binfo = NULL_TREE;
148 	  /* Try derived to base conversion.  */
149 	  if (!same_p)
150 	    binfo = lookup_base (intype_class, type_class, ba_check,
151 				 NULL, complain);
152 	  if (!same_p && !binfo)
153 	    {
154 	      /* Try base to derived conversion.  */
155 	      binfo = lookup_base (type_class, intype_class, ba_check,
156 				   NULL, complain);
157 	      code = MINUS_EXPR;
158 	    }
159 	  if (binfo == error_mark_node)
160 	    return error_mark_node;
161 	  if (binfo || same_p)
162 	    {
163 	      if (binfo)
164 		expr = build_base_path (code, expr, binfo, 0, complain);
165 	      /* Add any qualifier conversions.  */
166 	      return build_nop (type, expr);
167 	    }
168 	}
169 
170       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
171 	{
172 	  if (complain & tf_error)
173 	    error_at (loc, "cannot convert %qE from type %qH to type %qI",
174 		      expr, intype, type);
175 	  return error_mark_node;
176 	}
177 
178       return build_nop (type, expr);
179     }
180   else if ((TYPE_PTRDATAMEM_P (type) && TYPE_PTRDATAMEM_P (intype))
181 	   || (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (intype)))
182     return convert_ptrmem (type, expr, /*allow_inverse_p=*/false,
183 			   /*c_cast_p=*/false, complain);
184   else if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (intype))
185     {
186       if (!warn_pmf2ptr)
187 	{
188 	  if (TREE_CODE (expr) == PTRMEM_CST)
189 	    return cp_convert_to_pointer (type, PTRMEM_CST_MEMBER (expr),
190 					  dofold, complain);
191 	  else if (TREE_CODE (expr) == OFFSET_REF)
192 	    {
193 	      tree object = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
194 	      return get_member_function_from_ptrfunc (&object,
195 						       TREE_OPERAND (expr, 1),
196 						       complain);
197 	    }
198 	}
199       if (complain & tf_error)
200 	error_at (loc, "cannot convert %qE from type %qH to type %qI",
201 		  expr, intype, type);
202       return error_mark_node;
203     }
204 
205   if (null_ptr_cst_p (expr))
206     {
207       if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
208 	return build_ptrmemfunc (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type), expr, 0,
209 				 /*c_cast_p=*/false, complain);
210 
211       if (complain & tf_warning)
212 	maybe_warn_zero_as_null_pointer_constant (expr, loc);
213 
214       /* A NULL pointer-to-data-member is represented by -1, not by
215 	 zero.  */
216       tree val = (TYPE_PTRDATAMEM_P (type)
217 		  ? build_int_cst_type (type, -1)
218 		  : build_int_cst (type, 0));
219 
220       return (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (expr)
221 	      ? build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, type, expr, val) : val);
222     }
223   else if (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type) && INTEGRAL_CODE_P (form))
224     {
225       if (complain & tf_error)
226 	error_at (loc, "invalid conversion from %qH to %qI", intype, type);
227       return error_mark_node;
228     }
229 
230   if (INTEGRAL_CODE_P (form))
231     {
232       if (TYPE_PRECISION (intype) == POINTER_SIZE)
233 	return build1 (CONVERT_EXPR, type, expr);
234       expr = cp_convert (c_common_type_for_size (POINTER_SIZE, 0), expr,
235 			 complain);
236       /* Modes may be different but sizes should be the same.  There
237 	 is supposed to be some integral type that is the same width
238 	 as a pointer.  */
239       gcc_assert (GET_MODE_SIZE (SCALAR_INT_TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)))
240 		  == GET_MODE_SIZE (SCALAR_INT_TYPE_MODE (type)));
241 
242       /* FIXME needed because convert_to_pointer_maybe_fold still folds
243 	 conversion of constants.  */
244       if (!dofold)
245 	return build1 (CONVERT_EXPR, type, expr);
246 
247       return convert_to_pointer_maybe_fold (type, expr, dofold);
248     }
249 
250   if (type_unknown_p (expr))
251     return instantiate_type (type, expr, complain);
252 
253   if (complain & tf_error)
254     error_at (loc, "cannot convert %qE from type %qH to type %qI",
255 	      expr, intype, type);
256   return error_mark_node;
257 }
258 
259 /* Like convert, except permit conversions to take place which
260    are not normally allowed due to access restrictions
261    (such as conversion from sub-type to private super-type).  */
262 
263 static tree
264 convert_to_pointer_force (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
265 {
266   tree intype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
267   enum tree_code form = TREE_CODE (intype);
268 
269   if (form == POINTER_TYPE)
270     {
271       intype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (intype);
272 
273       if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) != intype
274 	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type)) == RECORD_TYPE
275 	  && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (type))
276 	  && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (intype))
277 	  && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (intype)) == RECORD_TYPE)
278 	{
279 	  enum tree_code code = PLUS_EXPR;
280 	  tree binfo;
281 
282 	  binfo = lookup_base (TREE_TYPE (intype), TREE_TYPE (type),
283 			       ba_unique, NULL, complain);
284 	  if (!binfo)
285 	    {
286 	      binfo = lookup_base (TREE_TYPE (type), TREE_TYPE (intype),
287 				   ba_unique, NULL, complain);
288 	      code = MINUS_EXPR;
289 	    }
290 	  if (binfo == error_mark_node)
291 	    return error_mark_node;
292 	  if (binfo)
293 	    {
294 	      expr = build_base_path (code, expr, binfo, 0, complain);
295 	      if (expr == error_mark_node)
296 		 return error_mark_node;
297 	      /* Add any qualifier conversions.  */
298 	      if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (expr)),
299 				TREE_TYPE (type)))
300 		expr = build_nop (type, expr);
301 	      return expr;
302 	    }
303 	}
304     }
305 
306   return cp_convert_to_pointer (type, expr, /*fold*/false, complain);
307 }
308 
309 /* We are passing something to a function which requires a reference.
310    The type we are interested in is in TYPE. The initial
311    value we have to begin with is in ARG.
312 
313    FLAGS controls how we manage access checking.
314    DIRECT_BIND in FLAGS controls how any temporaries are generated.
315      If DIRECT_BIND is set, DECL is the reference we're binding to.  */
316 
317 static tree
318 build_up_reference (tree type, tree arg, int flags, tree decl,
319 		    tsubst_flags_t complain)
320 {
321   tree rval;
322   tree argtype = TREE_TYPE (arg);
323   tree target_type = TREE_TYPE (type);
324 
325   gcc_assert (TYPE_REF_P (type));
326 
327   if ((flags & DIRECT_BIND) && ! lvalue_p (arg))
328     {
329       /* Create a new temporary variable.  We can't just use a TARGET_EXPR
330 	 here because it needs to live as long as DECL.  */
331       tree targ = arg;
332 
333       arg = make_temporary_var_for_ref_to_temp (decl, target_type);
334 
335       /* Process the initializer for the declaration.  */
336       DECL_INITIAL (arg) = targ;
337       cp_finish_decl (arg, targ, /*init_const_expr_p=*/false, NULL_TREE,
338 		      LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING|DIRECT_BIND);
339     }
340   else if (!(flags & DIRECT_BIND) && ! obvalue_p (arg))
341     return get_target_expr_sfinae (arg, complain);
342 
343   /* If we had a way to wrap this up, and say, if we ever needed its
344      address, transform all occurrences of the register, into a memory
345      reference we could win better.  */
346   rval = cp_build_addr_expr (arg, complain);
347   if (rval == error_mark_node)
348     return error_mark_node;
349 
350   if ((flags & LOOKUP_PROTECT)
351       && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (argtype) != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (target_type)
352       && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (argtype)
353       && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (target_type))
354     {
355       /* We go through lookup_base for the access control.  */
356       tree binfo = lookup_base (argtype, target_type, ba_check,
357 				NULL, complain);
358       if (binfo == error_mark_node)
359 	return error_mark_node;
360       if (binfo == NULL_TREE)
361 	return error_not_base_type (target_type, argtype);
362       rval = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, rval, binfo, 1, complain);
363     }
364   else
365     rval
366       = convert_to_pointer_force (build_pointer_type (target_type),
367 				  rval, complain);
368   return build_nop (type, rval);
369 }
370 
371 /* Subroutine of convert_to_reference. REFTYPE is the target reference type.
372    INTYPE is the original rvalue type and DECL is an optional _DECL node
373    for diagnostics.
374 
375    [dcl.init.ref] says that if an rvalue is used to
376    initialize a reference, then the reference must be to a
377    non-volatile const type.  */
378 
379 static void
380 diagnose_ref_binding (location_t loc, tree reftype, tree intype, tree decl)
381 {
382   tree ttl = TREE_TYPE (reftype);
383 
384   if (!TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (reftype)
385       && !CP_TYPE_CONST_NON_VOLATILE_P (ttl))
386     {
387       const char *msg;
388 
389       if (CP_TYPE_VOLATILE_P (ttl) && decl)
390 	msg = G_("initialization of volatile reference type %q#T from "
391 	         "rvalue of type %qT");
392       else if (CP_TYPE_VOLATILE_P (ttl))
393 	msg = G_("conversion to volatile reference type %q#T "
394 	         "from rvalue of type %qT");
395       else if (decl)
396 	msg = G_("initialization of non-const reference type %q#T from "
397 	         "rvalue of type %qT");
398       else
399 	msg = G_("conversion to non-const reference type %q#T from "
400 	         "rvalue of type %qT");
401 
402       permerror (loc, msg, reftype, intype);
403     }
404 }
405 
406 /* For C++: Only need to do one-level references, but cannot
407    get tripped up on signed/unsigned differences.
408 
409    DECL is either NULL_TREE or the _DECL node for a reference that is being
410    initialized.  It can be error_mark_node if we don't know the _DECL but
411    we know it's an initialization.  */
412 
413 tree
414 convert_to_reference (tree reftype, tree expr, int convtype,
415 		      int flags, tree decl, tsubst_flags_t complain)
416 {
417   tree type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (reftype));
418   tree intype;
419   tree rval = NULL_TREE;
420   tree rval_as_conversion = NULL_TREE;
421   bool can_convert_intype_to_type;
422   location_t loc = cp_expr_loc_or_loc (expr, input_location);
423 
424   if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
425       && TREE_TYPE (expr) == unknown_type_node)
426     expr = instantiate_type (type, expr, complain);
427 
428   if (expr == error_mark_node)
429     return error_mark_node;
430 
431   intype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
432 
433   gcc_assert (!TYPE_REF_P (intype));
434   gcc_assert (TYPE_REF_P (reftype));
435 
436   intype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (intype);
437 
438   can_convert_intype_to_type = can_convert_standard (type, intype, complain);
439 
440   if (!can_convert_intype_to_type
441       && (convtype & CONV_IMPLICIT) && MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (intype)
442       && ! (flags & LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION))
443     {
444       /* Look for a user-defined conversion to lvalue that we can use.  */
445 
446       rval_as_conversion
447 	= build_type_conversion (reftype, expr);
448 
449       if (rval_as_conversion && rval_as_conversion != error_mark_node
450 	  && lvalue_p (rval_as_conversion))
451 	{
452 	  expr = rval_as_conversion;
453 	  rval_as_conversion = NULL_TREE;
454 	  intype = type;
455 	  can_convert_intype_to_type = 1;
456 	}
457     }
458 
459   if (((convtype & CONV_STATIC)
460        && can_convert_standard (intype, type, complain))
461       || ((convtype & CONV_IMPLICIT) && can_convert_intype_to_type))
462     {
463       {
464 	tree ttl = TREE_TYPE (reftype);
465 	tree ttr = lvalue_type (expr);
466 
467 	if ((complain & tf_error)
468 	    && ! lvalue_p (expr))
469 	  diagnose_ref_binding (loc, reftype, intype, decl);
470 
471 	if (! (convtype & CONV_CONST)
472 	    && !at_least_as_qualified_p (ttl, ttr))
473 	  {
474 	    if (complain & tf_error)
475 	      permerror (loc, "conversion from %qH to %qI discards qualifiers",
476 			 ttr, reftype);
477 	    else
478 	      return error_mark_node;
479 	  }
480       }
481 
482       return build_up_reference (reftype, expr, flags, decl, complain);
483     }
484   else if ((convtype & CONV_REINTERPRET) && obvalue_p (expr))
485     {
486       /* When casting an lvalue to a reference type, just convert into
487 	 a pointer to the new type and deference it.  This is allowed
488 	 by San Diego WP section 5.2.9 paragraph 12, though perhaps it
489 	 should be done directly (jason).  (int &)ri ---> *(int*)&ri */
490 
491       /* B* bp; A& ar = (A&)bp; is valid, but it's probably not what they
492 	 meant.  */
493       if ((complain & tf_warning)
494 	  && TYPE_PTR_P (intype)
495 	  && (comptypes (TREE_TYPE (intype), type,
496 			 COMPARE_BASE | COMPARE_DERIVED)))
497 	warning_at (loc, 0, "casting %qT to %qT does not dereference pointer",
498 		    intype, reftype);
499 
500       rval = cp_build_addr_expr (expr, complain);
501       if (rval != error_mark_node)
502 	rval = convert_force (build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (reftype)),
503 			      rval, 0, complain);
504       if (rval != error_mark_node)
505 	rval = build1 (NOP_EXPR, reftype, rval);
506     }
507   else
508     {
509       rval = convert_for_initialization (NULL_TREE, type, expr, flags,
510 					 ICR_CONVERTING, 0, 0, complain);
511       if (rval == NULL_TREE || rval == error_mark_node)
512 	return rval;
513       if (complain & tf_error)
514 	diagnose_ref_binding (loc, reftype, intype, decl);
515       rval = build_up_reference (reftype, rval, flags, decl, complain);
516     }
517 
518   if (rval)
519     {
520       /* If we found a way to convert earlier, then use it.  */
521       return rval;
522     }
523 
524   if (complain & tf_error)
525     error_at (loc, "cannot convert type %qH to type %qI", intype, reftype);
526 
527   return error_mark_node;
528 }
529 
530 /* We are using a reference VAL for its value. Bash that reference all the
531    way down to its lowest form.  */
532 
533 tree
534 convert_from_reference (tree val)
535 {
536   if (TREE_TYPE (val)
537       && TYPE_REF_P (TREE_TYPE (val)))
538     {
539       tree t = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (val));
540       tree ref = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, t, val);
541 
542       mark_exp_read (val);
543        /* We *must* set TREE_READONLY when dereferencing a pointer to const,
544 	  so that we get the proper error message if the result is used
545 	  to assign to.  Also, &* is supposed to be a no-op.  */
546       TREE_READONLY (ref) = CP_TYPE_CONST_P (t);
547       TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (ref) = CP_TYPE_VOLATILE_P (t);
548       TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (ref)
549 	= (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (ref) || TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (val));
550       val = ref;
551     }
552 
553   return val;
554 }
555 
556 /* Really perform an lvalue-to-rvalue conversion, including copying an
557    argument of class type into a temporary.  */
558 
559 tree
560 force_rvalue (tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
561 {
562   tree type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
563   if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (type) && TREE_CODE (expr) != TARGET_EXPR)
564     {
565       vec<tree, va_gc> *args = make_tree_vector_single (expr);
566       expr = build_special_member_call (NULL_TREE, complete_ctor_identifier,
567 					&args, type, LOOKUP_NORMAL, complain);
568       release_tree_vector (args);
569       expr = build_cplus_new (type, expr, complain);
570     }
571   else
572     expr = decay_conversion (expr, complain);
573 
574   return expr;
575 }
576 
577 
578 /* If EXPR and ORIG are INTEGER_CSTs, return a version of EXPR that has
579    TREE_OVERFLOW set only if it is set in ORIG.  Otherwise, return EXPR
580    unchanged.  */
581 
582 static tree
583 ignore_overflows (tree expr, tree orig)
584 {
585   tree stripped_expr = tree_strip_any_location_wrapper (expr);
586   tree stripped_orig = tree_strip_any_location_wrapper (orig);
587 
588   if (TREE_CODE (stripped_expr) == INTEGER_CST
589       && TREE_CODE (stripped_orig) == INTEGER_CST
590       && TREE_OVERFLOW (stripped_expr) != TREE_OVERFLOW (stripped_orig))
591     {
592       gcc_assert (!TREE_OVERFLOW (stripped_orig));
593       /* Ensure constant sharing.  */
594       stripped_expr = wide_int_to_tree (TREE_TYPE (stripped_expr),
595 					wi::to_wide (stripped_expr));
596     }
597 
598   return preserve_any_location_wrapper (stripped_expr, expr);
599 }
600 
601 /* Fold away simple conversions, but make sure TREE_OVERFLOW is set
602    properly.  */
603 
604 tree
605 cp_fold_convert (tree type, tree expr)
606 {
607   tree conv;
608   if (TREE_TYPE (expr) == type)
609     conv = expr;
610   else if (TREE_CODE (expr) == PTRMEM_CST
611 	   && same_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (type),
612 			   PTRMEM_CST_CLASS (expr)))
613     {
614       /* Avoid wrapping a PTRMEM_CST in NOP_EXPR.  */
615       conv = copy_node (expr);
616       TREE_TYPE (conv) = type;
617     }
618   else if (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type))
619     {
620       conv = convert_ptrmem (type, expr, true, false,
621 			     tf_warning_or_error);
622       conv = cp_fully_fold (conv);
623     }
624   else
625     {
626       conv = fold_convert (type, expr);
627       conv = ignore_overflows (conv, expr);
628     }
629   return conv;
630 }
631 
632 /* C++ conversions, preference to static cast conversions.  */
633 
634 tree
635 cp_convert (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
636 {
637   return ocp_convert (type, expr, CONV_OLD_CONVERT, LOOKUP_NORMAL, complain);
638 }
639 
640 /* C++ equivalent of convert_and_check but using cp_convert as the
641    conversion function.
642 
643    Convert EXPR to TYPE, warning about conversion problems with constants.
644    Invoke this function on every expression that is converted implicitly,
645    i.e. because of language rules and not because of an explicit cast.  */
646 
647 tree
648 cp_convert_and_check (tree type, tree expr, tsubst_flags_t complain)
649 {
650   tree result;
651 
652   if (TREE_TYPE (expr) == type)
653     return expr;
654   if (expr == error_mark_node)
655     return expr;
656   result = cp_convert (type, expr, complain);
657 
658   if ((complain & tf_warning)
659       && c_inhibit_evaluation_warnings == 0)
660     {
661       tree folded = cp_fully_fold (expr);
662       tree folded_result;
663       if (folded == expr)
664 	folded_result = result;
665       else
666 	{
667 	  /* Avoid bogus -Wparentheses warnings.  */
668 	  warning_sentinel w (warn_parentheses);
669 	  warning_sentinel c (warn_int_in_bool_context);
670 	  folded_result = cp_convert (type, folded, tf_none);
671 	}
672       folded_result = fold_simple (folded_result);
673       if (!TREE_OVERFLOW_P (folded)
674 	  && folded_result != error_mark_node)
675 	warnings_for_convert_and_check (cp_expr_loc_or_loc (expr, input_location),
676 					type, folded, folded_result);
677     }
678 
679   return result;
680 }
681 
682 /* Conversion...
683 
684    FLAGS indicates how we should behave.  */
685 
686 tree
687 ocp_convert (tree type, tree expr, int convtype, int flags,
688 	     tsubst_flags_t complain)
689 {
690   tree e = expr;
691   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (type);
692   const char *invalid_conv_diag;
693   tree e1;
694   location_t loc = cp_expr_loc_or_loc (expr, input_location);
695   bool dofold = (convtype & CONV_FOLD);
696 
697   if (error_operand_p (e) || type == error_mark_node)
698     return error_mark_node;
699 
700   complete_type (type);
701   complete_type (TREE_TYPE (expr));
702 
703   if ((invalid_conv_diag
704        = targetm.invalid_conversion (TREE_TYPE (expr), type)))
705     {
706       if (complain & tf_error)
707 	error (invalid_conv_diag);
708       return error_mark_node;
709     }
710 
711   /* FIXME remove when moving to c_fully_fold model.  */
712   if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
713     {
714       e = mark_rvalue_use (e);
715       e = scalar_constant_value (e);
716     }
717   if (error_operand_p (e))
718     return error_mark_node;
719 
720   if (NULLPTR_TYPE_P (type) && null_ptr_cst_p (e))
721     {
722       if (complain & tf_warning)
723 	maybe_warn_zero_as_null_pointer_constant (e, loc);
724 
725       if (!TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (e))
726 	return nullptr_node;
727     }
728 
729   if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (type) && (convtype & CONV_FORCE_TEMP))
730     /* We need a new temporary; don't take this shortcut.  */;
731   else if (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (type, TREE_TYPE (e)))
732     {
733       tree etype = TREE_TYPE (e);
734       if (same_type_p (type, etype))
735 	/* The call to fold will not always remove the NOP_EXPR as
736 	   might be expected, since if one of the types is a typedef;
737 	   the comparison in fold is just equality of pointers, not a
738 	   call to comptypes.  We don't call fold in this case because
739 	   that can result in infinite recursion; fold will call
740 	   convert, which will call ocp_convert, etc.  */
741 	return e;
742       /* For complex data types, we need to perform componentwise
743 	 conversion.  */
744       else if (TREE_CODE (type) == COMPLEX_TYPE)
745 	return convert_to_complex_maybe_fold (type, e, dofold);
746       else if (VECTOR_TYPE_P (type))
747 	return convert_to_vector (type, e);
748       else if (TREE_CODE (e) == TARGET_EXPR)
749 	{
750 	  /* Don't build a NOP_EXPR of class type.  Instead, change the
751 	     type of the temporary.  */
752 	  gcc_assert (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (type, etype));
753 	  TREE_TYPE (e) = TREE_TYPE (TARGET_EXPR_SLOT (e)) = type;
754 	  return e;
755 	}
756       else if (TREE_CODE (e) == CONSTRUCTOR)
757 	{
758 	  gcc_assert (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (type, etype));
759 	  TREE_TYPE (e) = type;
760 	  return e;
761 	}
762       else
763 	{
764 	  /* We shouldn't be treating objects of ADDRESSABLE type as
765 	     rvalues.  */
766 	  gcc_assert (!TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type));
767 	  return build_nop (type, e);
768 	}
769     }
770 
771   e1 = targetm.convert_to_type (type, e);
772   if (e1)
773     return e1;
774 
775   if (code == VOID_TYPE && (convtype & CONV_STATIC))
776     {
777       e = convert_to_void (e, ICV_CAST, complain);
778       return e;
779     }
780 
781   if (INTEGRAL_CODE_P (code))
782     {
783       tree intype = TREE_TYPE (e);
784       tree converted;
785 
786       if (TREE_CODE (type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
787 	{
788 	  /* enum = enum, enum = int, enum = float, (enum)pointer are all
789 	     errors.  */
790 	  if (((INTEGRAL_OR_ENUMERATION_TYPE_P (intype)
791 		|| TREE_CODE (intype) == REAL_TYPE)
792 	       && ! (convtype & CONV_STATIC))
793 	      || TYPE_PTR_P (intype))
794 	    {
795 	      if (complain & tf_error)
796 		permerror (loc, "conversion from %q#T to %q#T", intype, type);
797 	      else
798 		return error_mark_node;
799 	    }
800 
801 	  /* [expr.static.cast]
802 
803 	     8. A value of integral or enumeration type can be explicitly
804 	     converted to an enumeration type. The value is unchanged if
805 	     the original value is within the range of the enumeration
806 	     values. Otherwise, the resulting enumeration value is
807 	     unspecified.  */
808 	  tree val = fold_for_warn (e);
809 	  if ((complain & tf_warning)
810 	      && TREE_CODE (val) == INTEGER_CST
811 	      && ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE (type)
812 	      && !int_fits_type_p (val, ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE (type)))
813 	    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wconversion,
814 			"the result of the conversion is unspecified because "
815 			"%qE is outside the range of type %qT",
816 			expr, type);
817 	}
818       if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (intype))
819 	{
820 	  tree rval;
821 	  rval = build_type_conversion (type, e);
822 	  if (rval)
823 	    return rval;
824 	  if (complain & tf_error)
825 	    error_at (loc, "%q#T used where a %qT was expected", intype, type);
826 	  return error_mark_node;
827 	}
828       if (code == BOOLEAN_TYPE)
829 	{
830 	  if (VOID_TYPE_P (intype))
831 	    {
832 	      if (complain & tf_error)
833 		error_at (loc,
834 			  "could not convert %qE from %<void%> to %<bool%>",
835 			  expr);
836 	      return error_mark_node;
837 	    }
838 
839 	  /* We can't implicitly convert a scoped enum to bool, so convert
840 	     to the underlying type first.  */
841 	  if (SCOPED_ENUM_P (intype) && (convtype & CONV_STATIC))
842 	    e = build_nop (ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE (intype), e);
843 	  if (complain & tf_warning)
844 	    return cp_truthvalue_conversion (e);
845 	  else
846 	    {
847 	      /* Prevent bogus -Wint-in-bool-context warnings coming
848 		 from c_common_truthvalue_conversion down the line.  */
849 	      warning_sentinel w (warn_int_in_bool_context);
850 	      return cp_truthvalue_conversion (e);
851 	    }
852 	}
853 
854       converted = convert_to_integer_maybe_fold (type, e, dofold);
855 
856       /* Ignore any integer overflow caused by the conversion.  */
857       return ignore_overflows (converted, e);
858     }
859   if (INDIRECT_TYPE_P (type) || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type))
860     return cp_convert_to_pointer (type, e, dofold, complain);
861   if (code == VECTOR_TYPE)
862     {
863       tree in_vtype = TREE_TYPE (e);
864       if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (in_vtype))
865 	{
866 	  tree ret_val;
867 	  ret_val = build_type_conversion (type, e);
868 	  if (ret_val)
869 	    return ret_val;
870 	  if (complain & tf_error)
871 	    error_at (loc, "%q#T used where a %qT was expected",
872 		      in_vtype, type);
873 	  return error_mark_node;
874 	}
875       return convert_to_vector (type, e);
876     }
877   if (code == REAL_TYPE || code == COMPLEX_TYPE)
878     {
879       if (MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (e)))
880 	{
881 	  tree rval;
882 	  rval = build_type_conversion (type, e);
883 	  if (rval)
884 	    return rval;
885 	  else if (complain & tf_error)
886 	    error_at (loc,
887 		      "%q#T used where a floating point value was expected",
888 		      TREE_TYPE (e));
889 	}
890       if (code == REAL_TYPE)
891 	return convert_to_real_maybe_fold (type, e, dofold);
892       else if (code == COMPLEX_TYPE)
893 	return convert_to_complex_maybe_fold (type, e, dofold);
894     }
895 
896   /* New C++ semantics:  since assignment is now based on
897      memberwise copying,  if the rhs type is derived from the
898      lhs type, then we may still do a conversion.  */
899   if (RECORD_OR_UNION_CODE_P (code))
900     {
901       tree dtype = TREE_TYPE (e);
902       tree ctor = NULL_TREE;
903 
904       dtype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (dtype);
905 
906       /* Conversion between aggregate types.  New C++ semantics allow
907 	 objects of derived type to be cast to objects of base type.
908 	 Old semantics only allowed this between pointers.
909 
910 	 There may be some ambiguity between using a constructor
911 	 vs. using a type conversion operator when both apply.  */
912 
913       ctor = e;
914 
915       if (abstract_virtuals_error_sfinae (NULL_TREE, type, complain))
916 	return error_mark_node;
917 
918       if (BRACE_ENCLOSED_INITIALIZER_P (ctor))
919 	ctor = perform_implicit_conversion (type, ctor, complain);
920       else if ((flags & LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING)
921 	       && ! (CLASS_TYPE_P (dtype) && DERIVED_FROM_P (type, dtype)))
922 	/* For copy-initialization, first we create a temp of the proper type
923 	   with a user-defined conversion sequence, then we direct-initialize
924 	   the target with the temp (see [dcl.init]).  */
925 	ctor = build_user_type_conversion (type, ctor, flags, complain);
926       else
927 	{
928 	  vec<tree, va_gc> *ctor_vec = make_tree_vector_single (ctor);
929 	  ctor = build_special_member_call (NULL_TREE,
930 					    complete_ctor_identifier,
931 					    &ctor_vec,
932 					    type, flags, complain);
933 	  release_tree_vector (ctor_vec);
934 	}
935       if (ctor)
936 	return build_cplus_new (type, ctor, complain);
937     }
938 
939   if (complain & tf_error)
940     {
941       /* If the conversion failed and expr was an invalid use of pointer to
942 	 member function, try to report a meaningful error.  */
943       if (invalid_nonstatic_memfn_p (loc, expr, complain))
944 	/* We displayed the error message.  */;
945       else
946 	error_at (loc, "conversion from %qH to non-scalar type %qI requested",
947 		  TREE_TYPE (expr), type);
948     }
949   return error_mark_node;
950 }
951 
952 /* If CALL is a call, return the callee; otherwise null.  */
953 
954 tree
955 cp_get_callee (tree call)
956 {
957   if (call == NULL_TREE)
958     return call;
959   else if (TREE_CODE (call) == CALL_EXPR)
960     return CALL_EXPR_FN (call);
961   else if (TREE_CODE (call) == AGGR_INIT_EXPR)
962     return AGGR_INIT_EXPR_FN (call);
963   return NULL_TREE;
964 }
965 
966 /* FN is the callee of a CALL_EXPR or AGGR_INIT_EXPR; return the FUNCTION_DECL
967    if we can.  */
968 
969 tree
970 cp_get_fndecl_from_callee (tree fn, bool fold /* = true */)
971 {
972   if (fn == NULL_TREE)
973     return fn;
974   if (TREE_CODE (fn) == FUNCTION_DECL)
975     return fn;
976   tree type = TREE_TYPE (fn);
977   if (type == unknown_type_node)
978     return NULL_TREE;
979   gcc_assert (INDIRECT_TYPE_P (type));
980   if (fold)
981     fn = maybe_constant_init (fn);
982   STRIP_NOPS (fn);
983   if (TREE_CODE (fn) == ADDR_EXPR)
984     {
985       fn = TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0);
986       if (TREE_CODE (fn) == FUNCTION_DECL)
987 	return fn;
988     }
989   return NULL_TREE;
990 }
991 
992 /* Like get_callee_fndecl, but handles AGGR_INIT_EXPR as well and uses the
993    constexpr machinery.  */
994 
995 tree
996 cp_get_callee_fndecl (tree call)
997 {
998   return cp_get_fndecl_from_callee (cp_get_callee (call));
999 }
1000 
1001 /* As above, but not using the constexpr machinery.  */
1002 
1003 tree
1004 cp_get_callee_fndecl_nofold (tree call)
1005 {
1006   return cp_get_fndecl_from_callee (cp_get_callee (call), false);
1007 }
1008 
1009 /* Subroutine of convert_to_void.  Warn if we're discarding something with
1010    attribute [[nodiscard]].  */
1011 
1012 static void
1013 maybe_warn_nodiscard (tree expr, impl_conv_void implicit)
1014 {
1015   tree call = expr;
1016   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == TARGET_EXPR)
1017     call = TARGET_EXPR_INITIAL (expr);
1018   location_t loc = cp_expr_loc_or_loc (call, input_location);
1019   tree callee = cp_get_callee (call);
1020   if (!callee)
1021     return;
1022 
1023   tree type = TREE_TYPE (callee);
1024   if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
1025     type = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type);
1026   if (INDIRECT_TYPE_P (type))
1027     type = TREE_TYPE (type);
1028 
1029   tree rettype = TREE_TYPE (type);
1030   tree fn = cp_get_fndecl_from_callee (callee);
1031   if (implicit != ICV_CAST && fn
1032       && lookup_attribute ("nodiscard", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (fn)))
1033     {
1034       auto_diagnostic_group d;
1035       if (warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_result,
1036 		      "ignoring return value of %qD, "
1037 		      "declared with attribute nodiscard", fn))
1038 	inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fn), "declared here");
1039     }
1040   else if (implicit != ICV_CAST
1041 	   && lookup_attribute ("nodiscard", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (rettype)))
1042     {
1043       auto_diagnostic_group d;
1044       if (warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_result,
1045 		      "ignoring returned value of type %qT, "
1046 		      "declared with attribute nodiscard", rettype))
1047 	{
1048 	  if (fn)
1049 	    inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fn),
1050 		    "in call to %qD, declared here", fn);
1051 	  inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (TYPE_NAME (rettype)),
1052 		  "%qT declared here", rettype);
1053 	}
1054     }
1055   else if (TREE_CODE (expr) == TARGET_EXPR
1056 	   && lookup_attribute ("warn_unused_result", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (type)))
1057     {
1058       /* The TARGET_EXPR confuses do_warn_unused_result into thinking that the
1059 	 result is used, so handle that case here.  */
1060       if (fn)
1061 	{
1062 	  auto_diagnostic_group d;
1063 	  if (warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_result,
1064 			  "ignoring return value of %qD, "
1065 			  "declared with attribute warn_unused_result",
1066 			  fn))
1067 	    inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fn), "declared here");
1068 	}
1069       else
1070 	warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_result,
1071 		    "ignoring return value of function "
1072 		    "declared with attribute warn_unused_result");
1073     }
1074 }
1075 
1076 /* When an expression is used in a void context, its value is discarded and
1077    no lvalue-rvalue and similar conversions happen [expr.static.cast/4,
1078    stmt.expr/1, expr.comma/1].  This permits dereferencing an incomplete type
1079    in a void context. The C++ standard does not define what an `access' to an
1080    object is, but there is reason to believe that it is the lvalue to rvalue
1081    conversion -- if it were not, `*&*p = 1' would violate [expr]/4 in that it
1082    accesses `*p' not to calculate the value to be stored. But, dcl.type.cv/8
1083    indicates that volatile semantics should be the same between C and C++
1084    where ever possible. C leaves it implementation defined as to what
1085    constitutes an access to a volatile. So, we interpret `*vp' as a read of
1086    the volatile object `vp' points to, unless that is an incomplete type. For
1087    volatile references we do not do this interpretation, because that would
1088    make it impossible to ignore the reference return value from functions. We
1089    issue warnings in the confusing cases.
1090 
1091    The IMPLICIT is ICV_CAST when the user is explicitly converting an expression
1092    to void via a cast. If an expression is being implicitly converted, IMPLICIT
1093    indicates the context of the implicit conversion.  */
1094 
1095 tree
1096 convert_to_void (tree expr, impl_conv_void implicit, tsubst_flags_t complain)
1097 {
1098   location_t loc = cp_expr_loc_or_loc (expr, input_location);
1099 
1100   if (expr == error_mark_node
1101       || TREE_TYPE (expr) == error_mark_node)
1102     return error_mark_node;
1103 
1104   expr = maybe_undo_parenthesized_ref (expr);
1105 
1106   expr = mark_discarded_use (expr);
1107   if (implicit == ICV_CAST)
1108     /* An explicit cast to void avoids all -Wunused-but-set* warnings.  */
1109     mark_exp_read (expr);
1110 
1111   if (!TREE_TYPE (expr))
1112     return expr;
1113   if (invalid_nonstatic_memfn_p (loc, expr, complain))
1114     return error_mark_node;
1115   if (TREE_CODE (expr) == PSEUDO_DTOR_EXPR)
1116     {
1117       if (complain & tf_error)
1118         error_at (loc, "pseudo-destructor is not called");
1119       return error_mark_node;
1120     }
1121   if (VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (expr)))
1122     return expr;
1123   switch (TREE_CODE (expr))
1124     {
1125     case COND_EXPR:
1126       {
1127 	/* The two parts of a cond expr might be separate lvalues.  */
1128 	tree op1 = TREE_OPERAND (expr,1);
1129 	tree op2 = TREE_OPERAND (expr,2);
1130 	bool side_effects = ((op1 && TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (op1))
1131 			     || TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (op2));
1132 	tree new_op1, new_op2;
1133 	new_op1 = NULL_TREE;
1134 	if (implicit != ICV_CAST && !side_effects)
1135 	  {
1136 	    if (op1)
1137 	      new_op1 = convert_to_void (op1, ICV_SECOND_OF_COND, complain);
1138 	    new_op2 = convert_to_void (op2, ICV_THIRD_OF_COND, complain);
1139 	  }
1140 	else
1141 	  {
1142 	    if (op1)
1143 	      new_op1 = convert_to_void (op1, ICV_CAST, complain);
1144 	    new_op2 = convert_to_void (op2, ICV_CAST, complain);
1145 	  }
1146 
1147 	expr = build3 (COND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (new_op2),
1148 		       TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0), new_op1, new_op2);
1149 	break;
1150       }
1151 
1152     case COMPOUND_EXPR:
1153       {
1154 	/* The second part of a compound expr contains the value.  */
1155 	tree op1 = TREE_OPERAND (expr,1);
1156 	tree new_op1;
1157 	if (implicit != ICV_CAST && !TREE_NO_WARNING (expr))
1158 	  new_op1 = convert_to_void (op1, ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA, complain);
1159 	else
1160 	  new_op1 = convert_to_void (op1, ICV_CAST, complain);
1161 
1162 	if (new_op1 != op1)
1163 	  {
1164 	    tree t = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (new_op1),
1165 			     TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0), new_op1);
1166 	    expr = t;
1167 	  }
1168 
1169 	break;
1170       }
1171 
1172     case NON_LVALUE_EXPR:
1173     case NOP_EXPR:
1174       /* These have already decayed to rvalue.  */
1175       break;
1176 
1177     case CALL_EXPR:   /* We have a special meaning for volatile void fn().  */
1178       /* cdtors may return this or void, depending on
1179 	 targetm.cxx.cdtor_returns_this, but this shouldn't affect our
1180 	 decisions here: neither nodiscard warnings (nodiscard cdtors
1181 	 are nonsensical), nor should any constexpr or template
1182 	 instantiations be affected by an ABI property that is, or at
1183 	 least ought to be transparent to the language.  */
1184       if (tree fn = cp_get_callee_fndecl_nofold (expr))
1185 	if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn) || DECL_DESTRUCTOR_P (fn))
1186 	  return expr;
1187 
1188       maybe_warn_nodiscard (expr, implicit);
1189       break;
1190 
1191     case INDIRECT_REF:
1192       {
1193 	tree type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
1194 	int is_reference = TYPE_REF_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0)));
1195 	int is_volatile = TYPE_VOLATILE (type);
1196 	int is_complete = COMPLETE_TYPE_P (complete_type (type));
1197 
1198 	/* Can't load the value if we don't know the type.  */
1199 	if (is_volatile && !is_complete)
1200           {
1201             if (complain & tf_warning)
1202 	      switch (implicit)
1203 		{
1204 	      	  case ICV_CAST:
1205 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "conversion to void will not access "
1206 				"object of incomplete type %qT", type);
1207 		    break;
1208 		  case ICV_SECOND_OF_COND:
1209 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1210 				"incomplete type %qT in second operand "
1211 				"of conditional expression", type);
1212 		    break;
1213 		  case ICV_THIRD_OF_COND:
1214 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1215 				"incomplete type %qT in third operand "
1216 				"of conditional expression", type);
1217 		    break;
1218 		  case ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA:
1219 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1220 				"incomplete type %qT in right operand of "
1221 				"comma operator", type);
1222 		    break;
1223 		  case ICV_LEFT_OF_COMMA:
1224 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1225 				"incomplete type %qT in left operand of "
1226 				"comma operator", type);
1227 		    break;
1228 		  case ICV_STATEMENT:
1229 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1230 				"incomplete type %qT in statement", type);
1231 		     break;
1232 		  case ICV_THIRD_IN_FOR:
1233 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1234 				"incomplete type %qT in for increment "
1235 				"expression", type);
1236 		    break;
1237 		  default:
1238 		    gcc_unreachable ();
1239 		}
1240           }
1241 	/* Don't load the value if this is an implicit dereference, or if
1242 	   the type needs to be handled by ctors/dtors.  */
1243 	else if (is_volatile && is_reference)
1244           {
1245             if (complain & tf_warning)
1246 	      switch (implicit)
1247 		{
1248 	      	  case ICV_CAST:
1249 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "conversion to void will not access "
1250 				"object of type %qT", type);
1251 		    break;
1252 		  case ICV_SECOND_OF_COND:
1253 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "implicit dereference will not access "
1254 				"object of type %qT in second operand of "
1255 				"conditional expression", type);
1256 		    break;
1257 		  case ICV_THIRD_OF_COND:
1258 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "implicit dereference will not access "
1259 				"object of type %qT in third operand of "
1260 				"conditional expression", type);
1261 		    break;
1262 		  case ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA:
1263 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "implicit dereference will not access "
1264 				"object of type %qT in right operand of "
1265 				"comma operator", type);
1266 		    break;
1267 		  case ICV_LEFT_OF_COMMA:
1268 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "implicit dereference will not access "
1269 				"object of type %qT in left operand of comma "
1270 				"operator", type);
1271 		    break;
1272 		  case ICV_STATEMENT:
1273 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "implicit dereference will not access "
1274 				"object of type %qT in statement",  type);
1275 		     break;
1276 		  case ICV_THIRD_IN_FOR:
1277 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "implicit dereference will not access "
1278 				"object of type %qT in for increment expression",
1279 				type);
1280 		    break;
1281 		  default:
1282 		    gcc_unreachable ();
1283 		}
1284           }
1285 	else if (is_volatile && TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type))
1286 	  {
1287 	    if (complain & tf_warning)
1288 	      switch (implicit)
1289 		{
1290 	      	  case ICV_CAST:
1291 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "conversion to void will not access "
1292 				"object of non-trivially-copyable type %qT",
1293 				type);
1294 		    break;
1295 		  case ICV_SECOND_OF_COND:
1296 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1297 				"non-trivially-copyable type %qT in second "
1298 				"operand of conditional expression", type);
1299 		    break;
1300 		  case ICV_THIRD_OF_COND:
1301 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1302 		  	      	"non-trivially-copyable type %qT in third "
1303 				"operand of conditional expression", type);
1304 		    break;
1305 		  case ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA:
1306 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1307 		    		"non-trivially-copyable type %qT in right "
1308 				"operand of comma operator", type);
1309 		    break;
1310 		  case ICV_LEFT_OF_COMMA:
1311 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1312 		    		"non-trivially-copyable type %qT in left "
1313 				"operand of comma operator", type);
1314 		    break;
1315 		  case ICV_STATEMENT:
1316 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1317 		     		"non-trivially-copyable type %qT in statement",
1318 				type);
1319 		     break;
1320 		  case ICV_THIRD_IN_FOR:
1321 		    warning_at (loc, 0, "indirection will not access object of "
1322 		    		"non-trivially-copyable type %qT in for "
1323 				"increment expression", type);
1324 		    break;
1325 		  default:
1326 		    gcc_unreachable ();
1327 		}
1328 	  }
1329 	if (is_reference || !is_volatile || !is_complete || TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type))
1330           {
1331             /* Emit a warning (if enabled) when the "effect-less" INDIRECT_REF
1332                operation is stripped off. Note that we don't warn about
1333                - an expression with TREE_NO_WARNING set. (For an example of
1334                  such expressions, see build_over_call in call.c.)
1335                - automatic dereferencing of references, since the user cannot
1336                  control it. (See also warn_if_unused_value() in c-common.c.)  */
1337             if (warn_unused_value
1338 		&& implicit != ICV_CAST
1339                 && (complain & tf_warning)
1340                 && !TREE_NO_WARNING (expr)
1341                 && !is_reference)
1342               warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value, "value computed is not used");
1343             expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
1344 	    if (TREE_CODE (expr) == CALL_EXPR)
1345 	      maybe_warn_nodiscard (expr, implicit);
1346           }
1347 
1348 	break;
1349       }
1350 
1351     case VAR_DECL:
1352       {
1353 	/* External variables might be incomplete.  */
1354 	tree type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
1355 	int is_complete = COMPLETE_TYPE_P (complete_type (type));
1356 
1357 	if (TYPE_VOLATILE (type) && !is_complete && (complain & tf_warning))
1358 	  switch (implicit)
1359 	    {
1360 	      case ICV_CAST:
1361 		warning_at (loc, 0, "conversion to void will not access "
1362 			    "object %qE of incomplete type %qT", expr, type);
1363 		break;
1364 	      case ICV_SECOND_OF_COND:
1365 	        warning_at (loc, 0, "variable %qE of incomplete type %qT will "
1366 			    "not be accessed in second operand of "
1367 			    "conditional expression", expr, type);
1368 		break;
1369 	      case ICV_THIRD_OF_COND:
1370 	        warning_at (loc, 0, "variable %qE of incomplete type %qT will "
1371 			    "not be accessed in third operand of "
1372 			    "conditional expression", expr, type);
1373 		break;
1374 	      case ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA:
1375 	        warning_at (loc, 0, "variable %qE of incomplete type %qT will "
1376 			    "not be accessed in right operand of comma operator",
1377 			    expr, type);
1378 		break;
1379 	      case ICV_LEFT_OF_COMMA:
1380 	        warning_at (loc, 0, "variable %qE of incomplete type %qT will "
1381 			    "not be accessed in left operand of comma operator",
1382 			    expr, type);
1383 		break;
1384 	      case ICV_STATEMENT:
1385 	        warning_at (loc, 0, "variable %qE of incomplete type %qT will "
1386 			    "not be accessed in statement", expr, type);
1387 		break;
1388 	      case ICV_THIRD_IN_FOR:
1389 	        warning_at (loc, 0, "variable %qE of incomplete type %qT will "
1390 			    "not be accessed in for increment expression",
1391 			    expr, type);
1392 		break;
1393 	      default:
1394 	        gcc_unreachable ();
1395 	    }
1396 
1397 	break;
1398       }
1399 
1400     case TARGET_EXPR:
1401       /* Don't bother with the temporary object returned from a function if
1402 	 we don't use it, don't need to destroy it, and won't abort in
1403 	 assign_temp.  We'll still
1404 	 allocate space for it in expand_call or declare_return_variable,
1405 	 but we don't need to track it through all the tree phases.  */
1406       if (TARGET_EXPR_IMPLICIT_P (expr)
1407 	  && !TREE_ADDRESSABLE (TREE_TYPE (expr)))
1408 	{
1409 	  tree init = TARGET_EXPR_INITIAL (expr);
1410 	  if (TREE_CODE (init) == AGGR_INIT_EXPR
1411 	      && !AGGR_INIT_VIA_CTOR_P (init))
1412 	    {
1413 	      tree fn = AGGR_INIT_EXPR_FN (init);
1414 	      expr = build_call_array_loc (input_location,
1415 					   TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE
1416 						      (TREE_TYPE (fn))),
1417 					   fn,
1418 					   aggr_init_expr_nargs (init),
1419 					   AGGR_INIT_EXPR_ARGP (init));
1420 	    }
1421 	}
1422       maybe_warn_nodiscard (expr, implicit);
1423       break;
1424 
1425     default:;
1426     }
1427   expr = resolve_nondeduced_context (expr, complain);
1428   {
1429     tree probe = expr;
1430 
1431     if (TREE_CODE (probe) == ADDR_EXPR)
1432       probe = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
1433     if (type_unknown_p (probe))
1434       {
1435 	/* [over.over] enumerates the places where we can take the address
1436 	   of an overloaded function, and this is not one of them.  */
1437 	if (complain & tf_error)
1438 	  switch (implicit)
1439 	    {
1440 	      case ICV_CAST:
1441 		error_at (loc, "conversion to void "
1442 			  "cannot resolve address of overloaded function");
1443 		break;
1444 	      case ICV_SECOND_OF_COND:
1445 		error_at (loc, "second operand of conditional expression "
1446 			  "cannot resolve address of overloaded function");
1447 		break;
1448 	      case ICV_THIRD_OF_COND:
1449 		error_at (loc, "third operand of conditional expression "
1450 			  "cannot resolve address of overloaded function");
1451 		break;
1452 	      case ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA:
1453 		error_at (loc, "right operand of comma operator "
1454 			  "cannot resolve address of overloaded function");
1455 		break;
1456 	      case ICV_LEFT_OF_COMMA:
1457 		error_at (loc, "left operand of comma operator "
1458 			  "cannot resolve address of overloaded function");
1459 		break;
1460 	      case ICV_STATEMENT:
1461 		error_at (loc, "statement "
1462 			  "cannot resolve address of overloaded function");
1463 		break;
1464 	      case ICV_THIRD_IN_FOR:
1465 		error_at (loc, "for increment expression "
1466 			  "cannot resolve address of overloaded function");
1467 		break;
1468 	    }
1469 	else
1470 	  return error_mark_node;
1471 	expr = void_node;
1472       }
1473     else if (implicit != ICV_CAST && probe == expr && is_overloaded_fn (probe))
1474       {
1475 	/* Only warn when there is no &.  */
1476 	if (complain & tf_warning)
1477 	  switch (implicit)
1478 	    {
1479 	      case ICV_SECOND_OF_COND:
1480 	        warning_at (loc, OPT_Waddress,
1481 			    "second operand of conditional expression "
1482 			    "is a reference, not call, to function %qE", expr);
1483 		break;
1484 	      case ICV_THIRD_OF_COND:
1485 	        warning_at (loc, OPT_Waddress,
1486 			    "third operand of conditional expression "
1487 			    "is a reference, not call, to function %qE", expr);
1488 		break;
1489 	      case ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA:
1490 		warning_at (loc, OPT_Waddress,
1491 			    "right operand of comma operator "
1492 			    "is a reference, not call, to function %qE", expr);
1493 		break;
1494 	      case ICV_LEFT_OF_COMMA:
1495 	        warning_at (loc, OPT_Waddress,
1496 			    "left operand of comma operator "
1497 			    "is a reference, not call, to function %qE", expr);
1498 		break;
1499 	      case ICV_STATEMENT:
1500 	        warning_at (loc, OPT_Waddress,
1501 			    "statement is a reference, not call, to function %qE",
1502 			    expr);
1503 		break;
1504 	      case ICV_THIRD_IN_FOR:
1505 	        warning_at (loc, OPT_Waddress,
1506 			    "for increment expression "
1507 			    "is a reference, not call, to function %qE", expr);
1508 		break;
1509 	      default:
1510 	        gcc_unreachable ();
1511 	    }
1512 
1513 	if (TREE_CODE (expr) == COMPONENT_REF)
1514 	  expr = TREE_OPERAND (expr, 0);
1515       }
1516   }
1517 
1518   if (expr != error_mark_node && !VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (expr)))
1519     {
1520       if (implicit != ICV_CAST
1521 	  && warn_unused_value
1522 	  && !TREE_NO_WARNING (expr)
1523 	  && !processing_template_decl)
1524 	{
1525 	  /* The middle end does not warn about expressions that have
1526 	     been explicitly cast to void, so we must do so here.  */
1527 	  if (!TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (expr)) {
1528             if (complain & tf_warning)
1529 	      switch (implicit)
1530 		{
1531 		  case ICV_SECOND_OF_COND:
1532 		    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value,
1533 				"second operand of conditional expression "
1534 				"has no effect");
1535 		    break;
1536 		  case ICV_THIRD_OF_COND:
1537 		    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value,
1538 				"third operand of conditional expression "
1539 				"has no effect");
1540 		    break;
1541 		  case ICV_RIGHT_OF_COMMA:
1542 		    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value,
1543 				"right operand of comma operator has no effect");
1544 		    break;
1545 		  case ICV_LEFT_OF_COMMA:
1546 		    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value,
1547 				"left operand of comma operator has no effect");
1548 		    break;
1549 		  case ICV_STATEMENT:
1550 		    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value,
1551 				"statement has no effect");
1552 		    break;
1553 		  case ICV_THIRD_IN_FOR:
1554 		    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value,
1555 				"for increment expression has no effect");
1556 		    break;
1557 		  default:
1558 		    gcc_unreachable ();
1559 		}
1560           }
1561 	  else
1562 	    {
1563 	      tree e;
1564 	      enum tree_code code;
1565 	      enum tree_code_class tclass;
1566 
1567 	      e = expr;
1568 	      /* We might like to warn about (say) "(int) f()", as the
1569 		 cast has no effect, but the compiler itself will
1570 		 generate implicit conversions under some
1571 		 circumstances.  (For example a block copy will be
1572 		 turned into a call to "__builtin_memcpy", with a
1573 		 conversion of the return value to an appropriate
1574 		 type.)  So, to avoid false positives, we strip
1575 		 conversions.  Do not use STRIP_NOPs because it will
1576 		 not strip conversions to "void", as that is not a
1577 		 mode-preserving conversion.  */
1578 	      while (TREE_CODE (e) == NOP_EXPR)
1579 		e = TREE_OPERAND (e, 0);
1580 
1581 	      code = TREE_CODE (e);
1582 	      tclass = TREE_CODE_CLASS (code);
1583 	      if ((tclass == tcc_comparison
1584 		   || tclass == tcc_unary
1585 		   || (tclass == tcc_binary
1586 		       && !(code == MODIFY_EXPR
1587 			    || code == INIT_EXPR
1588 			    || code == PREDECREMENT_EXPR
1589 			    || code == PREINCREMENT_EXPR
1590 			    || code == POSTDECREMENT_EXPR
1591 			    || code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR))
1592 		   || code == VEC_PERM_EXPR
1593 		   || code == VEC_COND_EXPR)
1594                   && (complain & tf_warning))
1595 		warning_at (loc, OPT_Wunused_value, "value computed is not used");
1596 	    }
1597 	}
1598       expr = build1 (CONVERT_EXPR, void_type_node, expr);
1599     }
1600   if (! TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (expr))
1601     expr = void_node;
1602   return expr;
1603 }
1604 
1605 /* Create an expression whose value is that of EXPR,
1606    converted to type TYPE.  The TREE_TYPE of the value
1607    is always TYPE.  This function implements all reasonable
1608    conversions; callers should filter out those that are
1609    not permitted by the language being compiled.
1610 
1611    Most of this routine is from build_reinterpret_cast.
1612 
1613    The back end cannot call cp_convert (what was convert) because
1614    conversions to/from basetypes may involve memory references
1615    (vbases) and adding or subtracting small values (multiple
1616    inheritance), but it calls convert from the constant folding code
1617    on subtrees of already built trees after it has ripped them apart.
1618 
1619    Also, if we ever support range variables, we'll probably also have to
1620    do a little bit more work.  */
1621 
1622 tree
1623 convert (tree type, tree expr)
1624 {
1625   tree intype;
1626 
1627   if (type == error_mark_node || expr == error_mark_node)
1628     return error_mark_node;
1629 
1630   intype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
1631 
1632   if (INDIRECT_TYPE_P (type) && INDIRECT_TYPE_P (intype))
1633     return build_nop (type, expr);
1634 
1635   return ocp_convert (type, expr, CONV_BACKEND_CONVERT,
1636 		      LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION,
1637 		      tf_warning_or_error);
1638 }
1639 
1640 /* Like cp_convert, except permit conversions to take place which
1641    are not normally allowed due to access restrictions
1642    (such as conversion from sub-type to private super-type).  */
1643 
1644 tree
1645 convert_force (tree type, tree expr, int convtype, tsubst_flags_t complain)
1646 {
1647   tree e = expr;
1648   enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (type);
1649 
1650   if (code == REFERENCE_TYPE)
1651     return convert_to_reference (type, e, CONV_C_CAST, 0,
1652 				 NULL_TREE, complain);
1653 
1654   if (code == POINTER_TYPE)
1655     return convert_to_pointer_force (type, e, complain);
1656 
1657   /* From typeck.c convert_for_assignment */
1658   if (((TYPE_PTR_P (TREE_TYPE (e)) && TREE_CODE (e) == ADDR_EXPR
1659 	&& TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (e))) == METHOD_TYPE)
1660        || integer_zerop (e)
1661        || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (TREE_TYPE (e)))
1662       && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
1663     /* compatible pointer to member functions.  */
1664     return build_ptrmemfunc (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type), e, 1,
1665 			     /*c_cast_p=*/1, complain);
1666 
1667   return ocp_convert (type, e, CONV_C_CAST|convtype, LOOKUP_NORMAL, complain);
1668 }
1669 
1670 /* Convert an aggregate EXPR to type XTYPE.  If a conversion
1671    exists, return the attempted conversion.  This may
1672    return ERROR_MARK_NODE if the conversion is not
1673    allowed (references private members, etc).
1674    If no conversion exists, NULL_TREE is returned.
1675 
1676    FIXME: Ambiguity checking is wrong.  Should choose one by the implicit
1677    object parameter, or by the second standard conversion sequence if
1678    that doesn't do it.  This will probably wait for an overloading rewrite.
1679    (jason 8/9/95)  */
1680 
1681 static tree
1682 build_type_conversion (tree xtype, tree expr)
1683 {
1684   /* C++: check to see if we can convert this aggregate type
1685      into the required type.  */
1686   return build_user_type_conversion (xtype, expr, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
1687 				     tf_warning_or_error);
1688 }
1689 
1690 /* Convert the given EXPR to one of a group of types suitable for use in an
1691    expression.  DESIRES is a combination of various WANT_* flags (q.v.)
1692    which indicates which types are suitable.  If COMPLAIN is true, complain
1693    about ambiguity; otherwise, the caller will deal with it.  */
1694 
1695 tree
1696 build_expr_type_conversion (int desires, tree expr, bool complain)
1697 {
1698   tree basetype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
1699   tree conv = NULL_TREE;
1700   tree winner = NULL_TREE;
1701 
1702   if (null_node_p (expr)
1703       && (desires & WANT_INT)
1704       && !(desires & WANT_NULL))
1705     {
1706       location_t loc =
1707 	expansion_point_location_if_in_system_header (input_location);
1708 
1709       warning_at (loc, OPT_Wconversion_null,
1710 		  "converting NULL to non-pointer type");
1711     }
1712 
1713   if (basetype == error_mark_node)
1714     return error_mark_node;
1715 
1716   if (! MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (basetype))
1717     switch (TREE_CODE (basetype))
1718       {
1719       case INTEGER_TYPE:
1720 	if ((desires & WANT_NULL) && null_ptr_cst_p (expr))
1721 	  return expr;
1722 	/* fall through.  */
1723 
1724       case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
1725 	return (desires & WANT_INT) ? expr : NULL_TREE;
1726       case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
1727 	return (desires & WANT_ENUM) ? expr : NULL_TREE;
1728       case REAL_TYPE:
1729 	return (desires & WANT_FLOAT) ? expr : NULL_TREE;
1730       case POINTER_TYPE:
1731 	return (desires & WANT_POINTER) ? expr : NULL_TREE;
1732 
1733       case FUNCTION_TYPE:
1734       case ARRAY_TYPE:
1735 	return (desires & WANT_POINTER) ? decay_conversion (expr,
1736 							    tf_warning_or_error)
1737 					: NULL_TREE;
1738 
1739       case COMPLEX_TYPE:
1740       case VECTOR_TYPE:
1741 	if ((desires & WANT_VECTOR_OR_COMPLEX) == 0)
1742 	  return NULL_TREE;
1743 	switch (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (basetype)))
1744 	  {
1745 	  case INTEGER_TYPE:
1746 	  case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
1747 	    return (desires & WANT_INT) ? expr : NULL_TREE;
1748 	  case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
1749 	    return (desires & WANT_ENUM) ? expr : NULL_TREE;
1750 	  case REAL_TYPE:
1751 	    return (desires & WANT_FLOAT) ? expr : NULL_TREE;
1752 	  default:
1753 	    return NULL_TREE;
1754 	  }
1755 
1756       default:
1757 	return NULL_TREE;
1758       }
1759 
1760   /* The code for conversions from class type is currently only used for
1761      delete expressions.  Other expressions are handled by build_new_op.  */
1762   if (!complete_type_or_maybe_complain (basetype, expr, complain))
1763     return error_mark_node;
1764   if (!TYPE_HAS_CONVERSION (basetype))
1765     return NULL_TREE;
1766 
1767   for (conv = lookup_conversions (basetype); conv; conv = TREE_CHAIN (conv))
1768     {
1769       int win = 0;
1770       tree candidate;
1771       tree cand = TREE_VALUE (conv);
1772       cand = OVL_FIRST (cand);
1773 
1774       if (winner && winner == cand)
1775 	continue;
1776 
1777       if (DECL_NONCONVERTING_P (cand))
1778 	continue;
1779 
1780       candidate = non_reference (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (cand)));
1781 
1782       switch (TREE_CODE (candidate))
1783 	{
1784 	case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
1785 	case INTEGER_TYPE:
1786 	  win = (desires & WANT_INT); break;
1787 	case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
1788 	  win = (desires & WANT_ENUM); break;
1789 	case REAL_TYPE:
1790 	  win = (desires & WANT_FLOAT); break;
1791 	case POINTER_TYPE:
1792 	  win = (desires & WANT_POINTER); break;
1793 
1794 	case COMPLEX_TYPE:
1795 	case VECTOR_TYPE:
1796 	  if ((desires & WANT_VECTOR_OR_COMPLEX) == 0)
1797 	    break;
1798 	  switch (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (candidate)))
1799 	    {
1800 	    case BOOLEAN_TYPE:
1801 	    case INTEGER_TYPE:
1802 	      win = (desires & WANT_INT); break;
1803 	    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
1804 	      win = (desires & WANT_ENUM); break;
1805 	    case REAL_TYPE:
1806 	      win = (desires & WANT_FLOAT); break;
1807 	    default:
1808 	      break;
1809 	    }
1810 	  break;
1811 
1812 	default:
1813 	  /* A wildcard could be instantiated to match any desired
1814 	     type, but we can't deduce the template argument.  */
1815 	  if (WILDCARD_TYPE_P (candidate))
1816 	    win = true;
1817 	  break;
1818 	}
1819 
1820       if (win)
1821 	{
1822 	  if (TREE_CODE (cand) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
1823 	    {
1824 	      if (complain)
1825 		error ("default type conversion can%'t deduce template"
1826 		       " argument for %qD", cand);
1827 	      return error_mark_node;
1828 	    }
1829 
1830 	  if (winner)
1831 	    {
1832 	      tree winner_type
1833 		= non_reference (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (winner)));
1834 
1835 	      if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (winner_type,
1836 							      candidate))
1837 		{
1838 		  if (complain)
1839 		    {
1840 		      error ("ambiguous default type conversion from %qT",
1841 			     basetype);
1842 		      inform (input_location,
1843 			      "  candidate conversions include %qD and %qD",
1844 			      winner, cand);
1845 		    }
1846 		  return error_mark_node;
1847 		}
1848 	    }
1849 
1850 	  winner = cand;
1851 	}
1852     }
1853 
1854   if (winner)
1855     {
1856       tree type = non_reference (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (winner)));
1857       return build_user_type_conversion (type, expr, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
1858 					 tf_warning_or_error);
1859     }
1860 
1861   return NULL_TREE;
1862 }
1863 
1864 /* Implements integral promotion (4.1) and float->double promotion.  */
1865 
1866 tree
1867 type_promotes_to (tree type)
1868 {
1869   tree promoted_type;
1870 
1871   if (type == error_mark_node)
1872     return error_mark_node;
1873 
1874   type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type);
1875 
1876   /* Check for promotions of target-defined types first.  */
1877   promoted_type = targetm.promoted_type (type);
1878   if (promoted_type)
1879     return promoted_type;
1880 
1881   /* bool always promotes to int (not unsigned), even if it's the same
1882      size.  */
1883   if (TREE_CODE (type) == BOOLEAN_TYPE)
1884     type = integer_type_node;
1885 
1886   /* Normally convert enums to int, but convert wide enums to something
1887      wider.  Scoped enums don't promote, but pretend they do for backward
1888      ABI bug compatibility wrt varargs.  */
1889   else if (TREE_CODE (type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
1890 	   || type == char8_type_node
1891 	   || type == char16_type_node
1892 	   || type == char32_type_node
1893 	   || type == wchar_type_node)
1894     {
1895       tree prom = type;
1896 
1897       if (TREE_CODE (type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
1898 	{
1899 	  prom = ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE (prom);
1900 	  if (!ENUM_IS_SCOPED (type)
1901 	      && ENUM_FIXED_UNDERLYING_TYPE_P (type))
1902 	    {
1903 	      /* ISO C++17, 7.6/4.  A prvalue of an unscoped enumeration type
1904 		 whose underlying type is fixed (10.2) can be converted to a
1905 		 prvalue of its underlying type. Moreover, if integral promotion
1906 		 can be applied to its underlying type, a prvalue of an unscoped
1907 		 enumeration type whose underlying type is fixed can also be
1908 		 converted to a prvalue of the promoted underlying type.  */
1909 	      return type_promotes_to (prom);
1910 	    }
1911 	}
1912 
1913       int precision = MAX (TYPE_PRECISION (type),
1914 			   TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node));
1915       tree totype = c_common_type_for_size (precision, 0);
1916       if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (prom)
1917 	  && ! int_fits_type_p (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (prom), totype))
1918 	prom = c_common_type_for_size (precision, 1);
1919       else
1920 	prom = totype;
1921       if (SCOPED_ENUM_P (type))
1922 	{
1923 	  if (abi_version_crosses (6)
1924 	      && TYPE_MODE (prom) != TYPE_MODE (type))
1925 	    warning (OPT_Wabi, "scoped enum %qT passed through ... as "
1926 		     "%qT before %<-fabi-version=6%>, %qT after",
1927 		     type, prom, ENUM_UNDERLYING_TYPE (type));
1928 	  if (!abi_version_at_least (6))
1929 	    type = prom;
1930 	}
1931       else
1932 	type = prom;
1933     }
1934   else if (c_promoting_integer_type_p (type))
1935     {
1936       /* Retain unsignedness if really not getting bigger.  */
1937       if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (type)
1938 	  && TYPE_PRECISION (type) == TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
1939 	type = unsigned_type_node;
1940       else
1941 	type = integer_type_node;
1942     }
1943   else if (type == float_type_node)
1944     type = double_type_node;
1945 
1946   return type;
1947 }
1948 
1949 /* The routines below this point are carefully written to conform to
1950    the standard.  They use the same terminology, and follow the rules
1951    closely.  Although they are used only in pt.c at the moment, they
1952    should presumably be used everywhere in the future.  */
1953 
1954 /* True iff EXPR can be converted to TYPE via a qualification conversion.
1955    Callers should check for identical types before calling this function.  */
1956 
1957 bool
1958 can_convert_qual (tree type, tree expr)
1959 {
1960   tree expr_type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
1961   gcc_assert (!same_type_p (type, expr_type));
1962 
1963   if (TYPE_PTR_P (type) && TYPE_PTR_P (expr_type))
1964     return comp_ptr_ttypes (TREE_TYPE (type), TREE_TYPE (expr_type));
1965   else if (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type) && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (expr_type))
1966     return (same_type_p (TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (type),
1967 			 TYPE_PTRMEM_CLASS_TYPE (expr_type))
1968 	    && comp_ptr_ttypes (TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (type),
1969 				TYPE_PTRMEM_POINTED_TO_TYPE (expr_type)));
1970   else
1971     return false;
1972 }
1973 
1974 /* Attempt to perform qualification conversions on EXPR to convert it
1975    to TYPE.  Return the resulting expression, or error_mark_node if
1976    the conversion was impossible.  Since this is only used by
1977    convert_nontype_argument, we fold the conversion.  */
1978 
1979 tree
1980 perform_qualification_conversions (tree type, tree expr)
1981 {
1982   tree expr_type;
1983 
1984   expr_type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
1985 
1986   if (same_type_p (type, expr_type))
1987     return expr;
1988   else if (can_convert_qual (type, expr))
1989     return cp_fold_convert (type, expr);
1990   else
1991     return error_mark_node;
1992 }
1993 
1994 /* True iff T is a transaction-safe function type.  */
1995 
1996 bool
1997 tx_safe_fn_type_p (tree t)
1998 {
1999   if (TREE_CODE (t) != FUNCTION_TYPE
2000       && TREE_CODE (t) != METHOD_TYPE)
2001     return false;
2002   return !!lookup_attribute ("transaction_safe", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (t));
2003 }
2004 
2005 /* Return the transaction-unsafe variant of transaction-safe function type
2006    T.  */
2007 
2008 tree
2009 tx_unsafe_fn_variant (tree t)
2010 {
2011   gcc_assert (tx_safe_fn_type_p (t));
2012   tree attrs = remove_attribute ("transaction_safe",
2013 				 TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (t));
2014   return cp_build_type_attribute_variant (t, attrs);
2015 }
2016 
2017 /* Return true iff FROM can convert to TO by a transaction-safety
2018    conversion.  */
2019 
2020 static bool
2021 can_convert_tx_safety (tree to, tree from)
2022 {
2023   return (flag_tm && tx_safe_fn_type_p (from)
2024 	  && same_type_p (to, tx_unsafe_fn_variant (from)));
2025 }
2026 
2027 /* Return true iff FROM can convert to TO by dropping noexcept.  */
2028 
2029 static bool
2030 noexcept_conv_p (tree to, tree from)
2031 {
2032   if (!flag_noexcept_type)
2033     return false;
2034 
2035   tree t = non_reference (to);
2036   tree f = from;
2037   if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t)
2038       && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (f))
2039     {
2040       t = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t);
2041       f = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (f);
2042     }
2043   if (TYPE_PTR_P (t)
2044       && TYPE_PTR_P (f))
2045     {
2046       t = TREE_TYPE (t);
2047       f = TREE_TYPE (f);
2048     }
2049   tree_code code = TREE_CODE (f);
2050   if (TREE_CODE (t) != code)
2051     return false;
2052   if (code != FUNCTION_TYPE && code != METHOD_TYPE)
2053     return false;
2054   if (!type_throw_all_p (t)
2055       || type_throw_all_p (f))
2056     return false;
2057   tree v = build_exception_variant (f, NULL_TREE);
2058   return same_type_p (t, v);
2059 }
2060 
2061 /* Return true iff FROM can convert to TO by a function pointer conversion.  */
2062 
2063 bool
2064 fnptr_conv_p (tree to, tree from)
2065 {
2066   tree t = non_reference (to);
2067   tree f = from;
2068   if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (t)
2069       && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (f))
2070     {
2071       t = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (t);
2072       f = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (f);
2073     }
2074   if (TYPE_PTR_P (t)
2075       && TYPE_PTR_P (f))
2076     {
2077       t = TREE_TYPE (t);
2078       f = TREE_TYPE (f);
2079     }
2080 
2081   return (noexcept_conv_p (t, f)
2082 	  || can_convert_tx_safety (t, f));
2083 }
2084 
2085 /* Return FN with any NOP_EXPRs stripped that represent function pointer
2086    conversions or conversions to the same type.  */
2087 
2088 tree
2089 strip_fnptr_conv (tree fn)
2090 {
2091   while (TREE_CODE (fn) == NOP_EXPR)
2092     {
2093       tree op = TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0);
2094       tree ft = TREE_TYPE (fn);
2095       tree ot = TREE_TYPE (op);
2096       if (same_type_p (ft, ot)
2097 	  || fnptr_conv_p (ft, ot))
2098 	fn = op;
2099       else
2100 	break;
2101     }
2102   return fn;
2103 }
2104