xref: /netbsd-src/external/gpl3/binutils/dist/gas/config/tc-vax.c (revision b83ebeba7f767758d2778bb0f9d7a76534253621)
1 /* tc-vax.c - vax-specific -
2    Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 
4    This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
5 
6    GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9    any later version.
10 
11    GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14    GNU General Public License for more details.
15 
16    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17    along with GAS; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
18    Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
19    02110-1301, USA.  */
20 
21 #include "as.h"
22 
23 #include "vax-inst.h"
24 #include "obstack.h"		/* For FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR macro in "frags.h" */
25 #include "dw2gencfi.h"
26 #include "subsegs.h"
27 #include "safe-ctype.h"
28 
29 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
30 #include "elf/vax.h"
31 #endif
32 
33 /* These chars start a comment anywhere in a source file (except inside
34    another comment */
35 const char comment_chars[] = "#";
36 
37 /* These chars only start a comment at the beginning of a line.  */
38 /* Note that for the VAX the are the same as comment_chars above.  */
39 const char line_comment_chars[] = "#";
40 
41 const char line_separator_chars[] = ";";
42 
43 /* Chars that can be used to separate mant from exp in floating point nums.  */
44 const char EXP_CHARS[] = "eE";
45 
46 /* Chars that mean this number is a floating point constant
47    as in 0f123.456
48    or    0H1.234E-12 (see exp chars above).  */
49 const char FLT_CHARS[] = "dDfFgGhH";
50 
51 /* Also be aware that MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_CHARS_FOR_FLOAT may have to be
52    changed in read.c .  Ideally it shouldn't have to know about it at all,
53    but nothing is ideal around here.  */
54 
55 /* Hold details of an operand expression.  */
56 static expressionS exp_of_operand[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS];
57 static segT seg_of_operand[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS];
58 
59 /* A vax instruction after decoding.  */
60 static struct vit v;
61 
62 /* Hold details of big operands.  */
63 LITTLENUM_TYPE big_operand_bits[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS][SIZE_OF_LARGE_NUMBER];
64 FLONUM_TYPE float_operand[VIT_MAX_OPERANDS];
65 /* Above is made to point into big_operand_bits by md_begin().  */
66 
67 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
68 #define GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_NAME	"_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_"
69 #define PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_NAME	"_PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_"
70 symbolS *GOT_symbol;		/* Pre-defined "_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_".  */
71 symbolS *PLT_symbol;		/* Pre-defined "_PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_".  */
72 #endif
73 
74 int flag_hash_long_names;	/* -+ */
75 int flag_one;			/* -1 */
76 int flag_show_after_trunc;	/* -H */
77 int flag_no_hash_mixed_case;	/* -h NUM */
78 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
79 int flag_want_pic;		/* -k */
80 #endif
81 
82 /* For VAX, relative addresses of "just the right length" are easy.
83    The branch displacement is always the last operand, even in
84    synthetic instructions.
85    For VAX, we encode the relax_substateTs (in e.g. fr_substate) as:
86 
87   		    4       3       2       1       0	     bit number
88   	---/ /--+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
89   		|     what state ?	|  how long ?	|
90   	---/ /--+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
91 
92    The "how long" bits are 00=byte, 01=word, 10=long.
93    This is a Un*x convention.
94    Not all lengths are legit for a given value of (what state).
95    The "how long" refers merely to the displacement length.
96    The address usually has some constant bytes in it as well.
97 
98  groups for VAX address relaxing.
99 
100  1.	"foo" pc-relative.
101  length of byte, word, long
102 
103  2a.	J<cond> where <cond> is a simple flag test.
104  length of byte, word, long.
105  VAX opcodes are:	(Hex)
106  bneq/bnequ	12
107  beql/beqlu	13
108  bgtr		14
109  bleq		15
110  bgeq		18
111  blss		19
112  bgtru		1a
113  blequ		1b
114  bvc		1c
115  bvs		1d
116  bgequ/bcc	1e
117  blssu/bcs	1f
118  Always, you complement 0th bit to reverse condition.
119  Always, 1-byte opcode, then 1-byte displacement.
120 
121  2b.	J<cond> where cond tests a memory bit.
122  length of byte, word, long.
123  Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
124  bbs		e0
125  bbc		e1
126  bbss		e2
127  bbcs		e3
128  bbsc		e4
129  bbcc		e5
130  Always, you complement 0th bit to reverse condition.
131  Always, 1-byte opcde, longword-address, byte-address, 1-byte-displacement
132 
133  2c.	J<cond> where cond tests low-order memory bit
134  length of byte,word,long.
135  Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
136  blbs		e8
137  blbc		e9
138  Always, you complement 0th bit to reverse condition.
139  Always, 1-byte opcode, longword-address, 1-byte displacement.
140 
141  3.	Jbs/Jbr.
142  length of byte,word,long.
143  Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
144  bsbb		10
145  brb		11
146  These are like (2) but there is no condition to reverse.
147  Always, 1 byte opcode, then displacement/absolute.
148 
149  4a.	JacbX
150  length of word, long.
151  Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
152  acbw		3d
153  acbf		4f
154  acbd		6f
155  abcb		9d
156  acbl		f1
157  acbg	      4ffd
158  acbh	      6ffd
159  Always, we cannot reverse the sense of the branch; we have a word
160  displacement.
161  The double-byte op-codes don't hurt: we never want to modify the
162  opcode, so we don't care how many bytes are between the opcode and
163  the operand.
164 
165  4b.	JXobXXX
166  length of long, long, byte.
167  Vax opcodes are:	(Hex)
168  aoblss		f2
169  aobleq		f3
170  sobgeq		f4
171  sobgtr		f5
172  Always, we cannot reverse the sense of the branch; we have a byte
173  displacement.
174 
175  The only time we need to modify the opcode is for class 2 instructions.
176  After relax() we may complement the lowest order bit of such instruction
177  to reverse sense of branch.
178 
179  For class 2 instructions, we store context of "where is the opcode literal".
180  We can change an opcode's lowest order bit without breaking anything else.
181 
182  We sometimes store context in the operand literal. This way we can figure out
183  after relax() what the original addressing mode was.  */
184 
185 /* These displacements are relative to the start address of the
186    displacement.  The first letter is Byte, Word.  2nd letter is
187    Forward, Backward.  */
188 #define BF (1+ 127)
189 #define BB (1+-128)
190 #define WF (2+ 32767)
191 #define WB (2+-32768)
192 /* Dont need LF, LB because they always reach. [They are coded as 0.]  */
193 
194 #define C(a,b) ENCODE_RELAX(a,b)
195 /* This macro has no side-effects.  */
196 #define ENCODE_RELAX(what,length) (((what) << 2) + (length))
197 #define RELAX_STATE(s) ((s) >> 2)
198 #define RELAX_LENGTH(s) ((s) & 3)
199 
200 const relax_typeS md_relax_table[] =
201 {
202   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* error sentinel   0,0	*/
203   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    0,1	*/
204   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    0,2	*/
205   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    0,3	*/
206 
207   {BF + 1, BB + 1, 2, C (1, 1)},/* B^"foo"	    1,0 */
208   {WF + 1, WB + 1, 3, C (1, 2)},/* W^"foo"	    1,1 */
209   {0, 0, 5, 0},			/* L^"foo"	    1,2 */
210   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    1,3 */
211 
212   {BF, BB, 1, C (2, 1)},	/* b<cond> B^"foo"  2,0 */
213   {WF + 2, WB + 2, 4, C (2, 2)},/* br.+? brw X	    2,1 */
214   {0, 0, 7, 0},			/* br.+? jmp X	    2,2 */
215   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    2,3 */
216 
217   {BF, BB, 1, C (3, 1)},	/* brb B^foo	    3,0 */
218   {WF, WB, 2, C (3, 2)},	/* brw W^foo	    3,1 */
219   {0, 0, 5, 0},			/* Jmp L^foo	    3,2 */
220   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    3,3 */
221 
222   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    4,0 */
223   {WF, WB, 2, C (4, 2)},	/* acb_ ^Wfoo	    4,1 */
224   {0, 0, 10, 0},		/* acb_,br,jmp L^foo4,2 */
225   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    4,3 */
226 
227   {BF, BB, 1, C (5, 1)},	/* Xob___,,foo      5,0 */
228   {WF + 4, WB + 4, 6, C (5, 2)},/* Xob.+2,brb.+3,brw5,1 */
229   {0, 0, 9, 0},			/* Xob.+2,brb.+6,jmp5,2 */
230   {1, 1, 0, 0},			/* unused	    5,3 */
231 };
232 
233 #undef C
234 #undef BF
235 #undef BB
236 #undef WF
237 #undef WB
238 
239 void float_cons (int);
240 int flonum_gen2vax (char, FLONUM_TYPE *, LITTLENUM_TYPE *);
241 
242 const pseudo_typeS md_pseudo_table[] =
243 {
244   {"dfloat", float_cons, 'd'},
245   {"ffloat", float_cons, 'f'},
246   {"gfloat", float_cons, 'g'},
247   {"hfloat", float_cons, 'h'},
248   {"d_floating", float_cons, 'd'},
249   {"f_floating", float_cons, 'f'},
250   {"g_floating", float_cons, 'g'},
251   {"h_floating", float_cons, 'h'},
252   {NULL, NULL, 0},
253 };
254 
255 #define STATE_PC_RELATIVE		(1)
256 #define STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH	(2)
257 #define STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH		(3)	/* includes BSB...  */
258 #define STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH	        (4)
259 #define STATE_COMPLEX_HOP		(5)
260 
261 #define STATE_BYTE			(0)
262 #define STATE_WORD			(1)
263 #define STATE_LONG			(2)
264 #define STATE_UNDF			(3)	/* Symbol undefined in pass1.  */
265 
266 #define min(a, b)	((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
267 
268 void
269 md_number_to_chars (char con[], valueT value, int nbytes)
270 {
271   number_to_chars_littleendian (con, value, nbytes);
272 }
273 
274 /* Fix up some data or instructions after we find out the value of a symbol
275    that they reference.  */
276 
277 void				/* Knows about order of bytes in address.  */
278 md_apply_fix (fixS *fixP, valueT *valueP, segT seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
279 {
280   valueT value = * valueP;
281 
282   if (fixP->fx_subsy != (symbolS *) NULL)
283     as_bad_where (fixP->fx_file, fixP->fx_line, _("expression too complex"));
284 
285   if (fixP->fx_addsy == NULL)
286     fixP->fx_done = 1;
287 
288   if (fixP->fx_done)
289     number_to_chars_littleendian (fixP->fx_where + fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal,
290 				  value, fixP->fx_size);
291   else
292     /* Initialise the part of an instruction frag covered by the
293        relocation.  (Many occurrences of frag_more followed by fix_new
294        lack any init of the frag.)  Since VAX uses RELA relocs the
295        value we write into this field doesn't really matter.  */
296     memset (fixP->fx_where + fixP->fx_frag->fr_literal, 0, fixP->fx_size);
297 }
298 
299 /* Convert a number from VAX byte order (little endian)
300    into host byte order.
301    con		is the buffer to convert,
302    nbytes	is the length of the given buffer.  */
303 static long
304 md_chars_to_number (unsigned char con[], int nbytes)
305 {
306   long retval;
307 
308   for (retval = 0, con += nbytes - 1; nbytes--; con--)
309     {
310       retval <<= BITS_PER_CHAR;
311       retval |= *con;
312     }
313   return retval;
314 }
315 
316 /* Copy a bignum from in to out.
317    If the output is shorter than the input, copy lower-order
318    littlenums.  Return 0 or the number of significant littlenums
319    dropped.  Assumes littlenum arrays are densely packed: no unused
320    chars between the littlenums. Uses memcpy() to move littlenums, and
321    wants to know length (in chars) of the input bignum.  */
322 
323 static int
324 bignum_copy (LITTLENUM_TYPE *in,
325 	     int in_length,	/* in sizeof(littlenum)s */
326 	     LITTLENUM_TYPE *out,
327 	     int out_length	/* in sizeof(littlenum)s */)
328 {
329   int significant_littlenums_dropped;
330 
331   if (out_length < in_length)
332     {
333       LITTLENUM_TYPE *p;	/* -> most significant (non-zero) input
334 				      littlenum.  */
335 
336       memcpy ((void *) out, (void *) in,
337 	      (unsigned int) out_length << LITTLENUM_SHIFT);
338       for (p = in + in_length - 1; p >= in; --p)
339 	{
340 	  if (*p)
341 	    break;
342 	}
343       significant_littlenums_dropped = p - in - in_length + 1;
344 
345       if (significant_littlenums_dropped < 0)
346 	significant_littlenums_dropped = 0;
347     }
348   else
349     {
350       memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) in,
351 	      (unsigned int) in_length << LITTLENUM_SHIFT);
352 
353       if (out_length > in_length)
354 	memset ((char *) (out + in_length), '\0',
355 		(unsigned int) (out_length - in_length) << LITTLENUM_SHIFT);
356 
357       significant_littlenums_dropped = 0;
358     }
359 
360   return significant_littlenums_dropped;
361 }
362 
363 /* md_estimate_size_before_relax(), called just before relax().
364    Any symbol that is now undefined will not become defined.
365    Return the correct fr_subtype in the frag and the growth beyond
366    fr_fix.  */
367 int
368 md_estimate_size_before_relax (fragS *fragP, segT segment)
369 {
370   if (RELAX_LENGTH (fragP->fr_subtype) == STATE_UNDF)
371     {
372       if (S_GET_SEGMENT (fragP->fr_symbol) != segment
373 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
374 	  || S_IS_WEAK (fragP->fr_symbol)
375 	  || S_IS_EXTERNAL (fragP->fr_symbol)
376 #endif
377 	  )
378 	{
379 	  /* Non-relaxable cases.  */
380 	  int reloc_type = NO_RELOC;
381 	  char *p;
382 	  int old_fr_fix;
383 
384 	  old_fr_fix = fragP->fr_fix;
385 	  p = fragP->fr_literal + old_fr_fix;
386 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
387 	  /* If this is to an undefined symbol, then if it's an indirect
388 	     reference indicate that is can mutated into a GLOB_DAT or
389 	     JUMP_SLOT by the loader.  We restrict ourselves to no offset
390 	     due to a limitation in the NetBSD linker.  */
391 
392 	  if (GOT_symbol == NULL)
393 	    GOT_symbol = symbol_find (GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_NAME);
394 	  if (PLT_symbol == NULL)
395 	    PLT_symbol = symbol_find (PROCEDURE_LINKAGE_TABLE_NAME);
396 	  if ((GOT_symbol == NULL || fragP->fr_symbol != GOT_symbol)
397 	      && (PLT_symbol == NULL || fragP->fr_symbol != PLT_symbol)
398 	      && fragP->fr_symbol != NULL
399 	      && flag_want_pic
400 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
401 	      && ELF_ST_VISIBILITY (S_GET_OTHER (fragP->fr_symbol)) != STV_HIDDEN
402 #endif
403 	      && (!S_IS_DEFINED (fragP->fr_symbol)
404 	          || S_IS_WEAK (fragP->fr_symbol)
405 	          || S_IS_EXTERNAL (fragP->fr_symbol)))
406 	    {
407 	      /* Indirect references cannot go through the GOT or PLT,
408 	         let's hope they'll become local in the final link.  */
409 	      if ((ELF_ST_VISIBILITY (S_GET_OTHER (fragP->fr_symbol))
410 		   != STV_DEFAULT)
411 		  || (p[0] & 0x10))
412 		reloc_type = BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL;
413 	      else if (((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_CALLS
414 		       || ((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_CALLG
415 		       || ((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_JSB
416 		       || ((unsigned char *) fragP->fr_opcode)[0] == VAX_JMP
417 		       || S_IS_FUNCTION (fragP->fr_symbol))
418 		reloc_type = BFD_RELOC_32_PLT_PCREL;
419 	      else
420 		reloc_type = BFD_RELOC_32_GOT_PCREL;
421 	    }
422 #endif
423 	  switch (RELAX_STATE (fragP->fr_subtype))
424 	    {
425 	    case STATE_PC_RELATIVE:
426 	      p[0] |= VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* Preserve @ bit.  */
427 	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 4;
428 	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
429 		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, reloc_type);
430 	      break;
431 
432 	    case STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH:
433 	      *fragP->fr_opcode ^= 1;		/* Reverse sense of branch.  */
434 	      p[0] = 6;
435 	      p[1] = VAX_JMP;
436 	      p[2] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(PC) */
437 	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 1 + 1 + 4;
438 	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 3, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
439 		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
440 	      break;
441 
442 	    case STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH:
443 	      p[0] = 2;
444 	      p[1] = 0;
445 	      p[2] = VAX_BRB;
446 	      p[3] = 6;
447 	      p[4] = VAX_JMP;
448 	      p[5] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(pc) */
449 	      fragP->fr_fix += 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 4;
450 	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 6, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
451 		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
452 	      break;
453 
454 	    case STATE_COMPLEX_HOP:
455 	      p[0] = 2;
456 	      p[1] = VAX_BRB;
457 	      p[2] = 6;
458 	      p[3] = VAX_JMP;
459 	      p[4] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(pc) */
460 	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 4;
461 	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 5, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
462 		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
463 	      break;
464 
465 	    case STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH:
466 	      *fragP->fr_opcode += VAX_WIDEN_LONG;
467 	      p[0] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;	/* ...(PC) */
468 	      fragP->fr_fix += 1 + 4;
469 	      fix_new (fragP, old_fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
470 		       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
471 	      break;
472 
473 	    default:
474 	      abort ();
475 	    }
476 	  frag_wane (fragP);
477 
478 	  /* Return the growth in the fixed part of the frag.  */
479 	  return fragP->fr_fix - old_fr_fix;
480 	}
481 
482       /* Relaxable cases.  Set up the initial guess for the variable
483 	 part of the frag.  */
484       switch (RELAX_STATE (fragP->fr_subtype))
485 	{
486 	case STATE_PC_RELATIVE:
487 	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_BYTE);
488 	  break;
489 	case STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH:
490 	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE);
491 	  break;
492 	case STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH:
493 	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, STATE_WORD);
494 	  break;
495 	case STATE_COMPLEX_HOP:
496 	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_BYTE);
497 	  break;
498 	case STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH:
499 	  fragP->fr_subtype = ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE);
500 	  break;
501 	}
502     }
503 
504   if (fragP->fr_subtype >= sizeof (md_relax_table) / sizeof (md_relax_table[0]))
505     abort ();
506 
507   /* Return the size of the variable part of the frag.  */
508   return md_relax_table[fragP->fr_subtype].rlx_length;
509 }
510 
511 /* Called after relax() is finished.
512    In:	Address of frag.
513   	fr_type == rs_machine_dependent.
514   	fr_subtype is what the address relaxed to.
515 
516    Out:	Any fixSs and constants are set up.
517   	Caller will turn frag into a ".space 0".  */
518 void
519 md_convert_frag (bfd *headers ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
520 		 segT seg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
521 		 fragS *fragP)
522 {
523   char *addressP;		/* -> _var to change.  */
524   char *opcodeP;		/* -> opcode char(s) to change.  */
525   short int extension = 0;	/* Size of relaxed address.  */
526   /* Added to fr_fix: incl. ALL var chars.  */
527   symbolS *symbolP;
528   long where;
529 
530   know (fragP->fr_type == rs_machine_dependent);
531   where = fragP->fr_fix;
532   addressP = fragP->fr_literal + where;
533   opcodeP = fragP->fr_opcode;
534   symbolP = fragP->fr_symbol;
535   know (symbolP);
536 
537   switch (fragP->fr_subtype)
538     {
539     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_BYTE):
540       know (*addressP == 0 || *addressP == 0x10);	/* '@' bit.  */
541       addressP[0] |= 0xAF;	/* Byte displacement. */
542       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
543 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
544       extension = 2;
545       break;
546 
547     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_WORD):
548       know (*addressP == 0 || *addressP == 0x10);	/* '@' bit.  */
549       addressP[0] |= 0xCF;	/* Word displacement. */
550       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
551 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
552       extension = 3;
553       break;
554 
555     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, STATE_LONG):
556       know (*addressP == 0 || *addressP == 0x10);	/* '@' bit.  */
557       addressP[0] |= 0xEF;	/* Long word displacement. */
558       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
559 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
560       extension = 5;
561       break;
562 
563     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE):
564       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
565 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
566       extension = 1;
567       break;
568 
569     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
570       opcodeP[0] ^= 1;		/* Reverse sense of test.  */
571       addressP[0] = 3;
572       addressP[1] = VAX_BRW;
573       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 2, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
574 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
575       extension = 4;
576       break;
577 
578     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, STATE_LONG):
579       opcodeP[0] ^= 1;		/* Reverse sense of test.  */
580       addressP[0] = 6;
581       addressP[1] = VAX_JMP;
582       addressP[2] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
583       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 3, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
584 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
585       extension = 7;
586       break;
587 
588     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_BYTE):
589       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
590 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
591       extension = 1;
592       break;
593 
594     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
595       opcodeP[0] += VAX_WIDEN_WORD;	/* brb -> brw, bsbb -> bsbw */
596       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 2, fragP->fr_symbol, fragP->fr_offset,
597 	       1, NO_RELOC);
598       extension = 2;
599       break;
600 
601     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, STATE_LONG):
602       opcodeP[0] += VAX_WIDEN_LONG;	/* brb -> jmp, bsbb -> jsb */
603       addressP[0] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
604       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 1, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
605 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
606       extension = 5;
607       break;
608 
609     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, STATE_WORD):
610       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
611 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
612       extension = 2;
613       break;
614 
615     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, STATE_LONG):
616       addressP[0] = 2;
617       addressP[1] = 0;
618       addressP[2] = VAX_BRB;
619       addressP[3] = 6;
620       addressP[4] = VAX_JMP;
621       addressP[5] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
622       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 6, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
623 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
624       extension = 10;
625       break;
626 
627     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_BYTE):
628       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix, 1, fragP->fr_symbol,
629 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
630       extension = 1;
631       break;
632 
633     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_WORD):
634       addressP[0] = 2;
635       addressP[1] = VAX_BRB;
636       addressP[2] = 3;
637       addressP[3] = VAX_BRW;
638       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 4, 2, fragP->fr_symbol,
639 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
640       extension = 6;
641       break;
642 
643     case ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, STATE_LONG):
644       addressP[0] = 2;
645       addressP[1] = VAX_BRB;
646       addressP[2] = 6;
647       addressP[3] = VAX_JMP;
648       addressP[4] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
649       fix_new (fragP, fragP->fr_fix + 5, 4, fragP->fr_symbol,
650 	       fragP->fr_offset, 1, NO_RELOC);
651       extension = 9;
652       break;
653 
654     default:
655       BAD_CASE (fragP->fr_subtype);
656       break;
657     }
658   fragP->fr_fix += extension;
659 }
660 
661 /* Translate internal format of relocation info into target format.
662 
663    On vax: first 4 bytes are normal unsigned long, next three bytes
664    are symbolnum, least sig. byte first.  Last byte is broken up with
665    the upper nibble as nuthin, bit 3 as extern, bits 2 & 1 as length, and
666    bit 0 as pcrel.  */
667 #ifdef comment
668 void
669 md_ri_to_chars (char *the_bytes, struct reloc_info_generic ri)
670 {
671   /* This is easy.  */
672   md_number_to_chars (the_bytes, ri.r_address, sizeof (ri.r_address));
673   /* Now the fun stuff.  */
674   the_bytes[6] = (ri.r_symbolnum >> 16) & 0x0ff;
675   the_bytes[5] = (ri.r_symbolnum >> 8) & 0x0ff;
676   the_bytes[4] = ri.r_symbolnum & 0x0ff;
677   the_bytes[7] = (((ri.r_extern << 3) & 0x08) | ((ri.r_length << 1) & 0x06)
678 		  | ((ri.r_pcrel << 0) & 0x01)) & 0x0F;
679 }
680 
681 #endif /* comment */
682 
683 /*       BUGS, GRIPES,  APOLOGIA, etc.
684 
685    The opcode table 'votstrs' needs to be sorted on opcode frequency.
686    That is, AFTER we hash it with hash_...(), we want most-used opcodes
687    to come out of the hash table faster.
688 
689    I am sorry to inflict yet another VAX assembler on the world, but
690    RMS says we must do everything from scratch, to prevent pin-heads
691    restricting this software.
692 
693    This is a vaguely modular set of routines in C to parse VAX
694    assembly code using DEC mnemonics. It is NOT un*x specific.
695 
696    The idea here is that the assembler has taken care of all:
697      labels
698      macros
699      listing
700      pseudo-ops
701      line continuation
702      comments
703      condensing any whitespace down to exactly one space
704    and all we have to do is parse 1 line into a vax instruction
705    partially formed. We will accept a line, and deliver:
706      an error message (hopefully empty)
707      a skeleton VAX instruction (tree structure)
708      textual pointers to all the operand expressions
709      a warning message that notes a silly operand (hopefully empty)
710 
711   		E D I T   H I S T O R Y
712 
713    17may86 Dean Elsner. Bug if line ends immediately after opcode.
714    30apr86 Dean Elsner. New vip_op() uses arg block so change call.
715     6jan86 Dean Elsner. Crock vip_begin() to call vip_op_defaults().
716     2jan86 Dean Elsner. Invent synthetic opcodes.
717   	Widen vax_opcodeT to 32 bits. Use a bit for VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC,
718   	which means this is not a real opcode, it is like a macro; it will
719   	be relax()ed into 1 or more instructions.
720   	Use another bit for VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL if the op-code is not optimised
721   	like a regular branch instruction. Option added to vip_begin():
722   	exclude	synthetic opcodes. Invent synthetic_votstrs[].
723    31dec85 Dean Elsner. Invent vit_opcode_nbytes.
724   	Also make vit_opcode into a char[]. We now have n-byte vax opcodes,
725   	so caller's don't have to know the difference between a 1-byte & a
726   	2-byte op-code. Still need vax_opcodeT concept, so we know how
727   	big an object must be to hold an op.code.
728    30dec85 Dean Elsner. Widen typedef vax_opcodeT in "vax-inst.h"
729   	because vax opcodes may be 16 bits. Our crufty C compiler was
730   	happily initialising 8-bit vot_codes with 16-bit numbers!
731   	(Wouldn't the 'phone company like to compress data so easily!)
732    29dec85 Dean Elsner. New static table vax_operand_width_size[].
733   	Invented so we know hw many bytes a "I^#42" needs in its immediate
734   	operand. Revised struct vop in "vax-inst.h": explicitly include
735   	byte length of each operand, and it's letter-code datum type.
736    17nov85 Dean Elsner. Name Change.
737   	Due to ar(1) truncating names, we learned the hard way that
738   	"vax-inst-parse.c" -> "vax-inst-parse." dropping the "o" off
739   	the archived object name. SO... we shortened the name of this
740   	source file, and changed the makefile.  */
741 
742 /* Handle of the OPCODE hash table.  */
743 static struct hash_control *op_hash;
744 
745 /* In:	1 character, from "bdfghloqpw" being the data-type of an operand
746   	of a vax instruction.
747 
748    Out:	the length of an operand of that type, in bytes.
749   	Special branch operands types "-?!" have length 0.  */
750 
751 static const short int vax_operand_width_size[256] =
752 {
753   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
754   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
755   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
756   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
757   0, 0, 1, 0, 8, 0, 4, 8, 16, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0,16,	/* ..b.d.fgh...l..o  */
758   0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	/* .q.....w........  */
759   0, 0, 1, 0, 8, 0, 4, 8, 16, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0,16,	/* ..b.d.fgh...l..o  */
760   0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	/* .q.....w........  */
761   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
762   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
763   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
764   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
765   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
766   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
767   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
768   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
769 };
770 
771 /* This perversion encodes all the vax opcodes as a bunch of strings.
772    RMS says we should build our hash-table at run-time. Hmm.
773    Please would someone arrange these in decreasing frequency of opcode?
774    Because of the way hash_...() works, the most frequently used opcode
775    should be textually first and so on.
776 
777    Input for this table was 'vax.opcodes', awk(1)ed by 'vax.opcodes.c.awk' .
778    So change 'vax.opcodes', then re-generate this table.  */
779 
780 #include "opcode/vax.h"
781 
782 /* This is a table of optional op-codes. All of them represent
783    'synthetic' instructions that seem popular.
784 
785    Here we make some pseudo op-codes. Every code has a bit set to say
786    it is synthetic. This lets you catch them if you want to
787    ban these opcodes. They are mnemonics for "elastic" instructions
788    that are supposed to assemble into the fewest bytes needed to do a
789    branch, or to do a conditional branch, or whatever.
790 
791    The opcode is in the usual place [low-order n*8 bits]. This means
792    that if you mask off the bucky bits, the usual rules apply about
793    how long the opcode is.
794 
795    All VAX branch displacements come at the end of the instruction.
796    For simple branches (1-byte opcode + 1-byte displacement) the last
797    operand is coded 'b?' where the "data type" '?' is a clue that we
798    may reverse the sense of the branch (complement lowest order bit)
799    and branch around a jump. This is by far the most common case.
800    That is why the VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC bit is set: it says this is
801    a 0-byte op-code followed by 2 or more bytes of operand address.
802 
803    If the op-code has VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL set, then we have a more unusual
804    case.
805 
806    For JBSB & JBR the treatment is the similar, except (1) we have a 'bw'
807    option before (2) we can directly JSB/JMP because there is no condition.
808    These operands have 'b-' as their access/data type.
809 
810    That leaves a bunch of random opcodes: JACBx, JxOBxxx. In these
811    cases, we do the same idea. JACBxxx are all marked with a 'b!'
812    JAOBxxx & JSOBxxx are marked with a 'b:'.  */
813 #if (VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC != 0x80000000)
814 #error "You have just broken the encoding below, which assumes the sign bit means 'I am an imaginary instruction'."
815 #endif
816 
817 #if (VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL != 0x40000000)
818 #error "You have just broken the encoding below, which assumes the 0x40 M bit means 'I am not to be "optimised" the way normal branches are'."
819 #endif
820 
821 static const struct vot
822   synthetic_votstrs[] =
823 {
824   {"jbsb",	{"b-", 0xC0000010}},		/* BSD 4.2 */
825 /* jsb used already */
826   {"jbr",	{"b-", 0xC0000011}},		/* BSD 4.2 */
827   {"jr",	{"b-", 0xC0000011}},		/* consistent */
828   {"jneq",	{"b?", 0x80000012}},
829   {"jnequ",	{"b?", 0x80000012}},
830   {"jeql",	{"b?", 0x80000013}},
831   {"jeqlu",	{"b?", 0x80000013}},
832   {"jgtr",	{"b?", 0x80000014}},
833   {"jleq",	{"b?", 0x80000015}},
834 /* un-used opcodes here */
835   {"jgeq",	{"b?", 0x80000018}},
836   {"jlss",	{"b?", 0x80000019}},
837   {"jgtru",	{"b?", 0x8000001a}},
838   {"jlequ",	{"b?", 0x8000001b}},
839   {"jvc",	{"b?", 0x8000001c}},
840   {"jvs",	{"b?", 0x8000001d}},
841   {"jgequ",	{"b?", 0x8000001e}},
842   {"jcc",	{"b?", 0x8000001e}},
843   {"jlssu",	{"b?", 0x8000001f}},
844   {"jcs",	{"b?", 0x8000001f}},
845 
846   {"jacbw",	{"rwrwmwb!", 0xC000003d}},
847   {"jacbf",	{"rfrfmfb!", 0xC000004f}},
848   {"jacbd",	{"rdrdmdb!", 0xC000006f}},
849   {"jacbb",	{"rbrbmbb!", 0xC000009d}},
850   {"jacbl",	{"rlrlmlb!", 0xC00000f1}},
851   {"jacbg",	{"rgrgmgb!", 0xC0004ffd}},
852   {"jacbh",	{"rhrhmhb!", 0xC0006ffd}},
853 
854   {"jbs",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e0}},
855   {"jbc",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e1}},
856   {"jbss",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e2}},
857   {"jbcs",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e3}},
858   {"jbsc",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e4}},
859   {"jbcc",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e5}},
860   {"jbssi",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e6}},
861   {"jbcci",	{"rlvbb?", 0x800000e7}},
862   {"jlbs",	{"rlb?", 0x800000e8}},
863   {"jlbc",	{"rlb?", 0x800000e9}},
864 
865   {"jaoblss",	{"rlmlb:", 0xC00000f2}},
866   {"jaobleq",	{"rlmlb:", 0xC00000f3}},
867   {"jsobgeq",	{"mlb:", 0xC00000f4}},
868   {"jsobgtr",	{"mlb:", 0xC00000f5}},
869 
870 /* CASEx has no branch addresses in our conception of it.  */
871 /* You should use ".word ..." statements after the "case ...".  */
872 
873   {"",		{"", 0}}	/* Empty is end sentinel.  */
874 };
875 
876 /* Because this module is useful for both VMS and UN*X style assemblers
877    and because of the variety of UN*X assemblers we must recognise
878    the different conventions for assembler operand notation. For example
879    VMS says "#42" for immediate mode, while most UN*X say "$42".
880    We permit arbitrary sets of (single) characters to represent the
881    3 concepts that DEC writes '#', '@', '^'.  */
882 
883 /* Character tests.  */
884 #define VIP_IMMEDIATE 01	/* Character is like DEC # */
885 #define VIP_INDIRECT  02	/* Char is like DEC @ */
886 #define VIP_DISPLEN   04	/* Char is like DEC ^ */
887 
888 #define IMMEDIATEP(c)	(vip_metacharacters [(c) & 0xff] & VIP_IMMEDIATE)
889 #define INDIRECTP(c)	(vip_metacharacters [(c) & 0xff] & VIP_INDIRECT)
890 #define DISPLENP(c)	(vip_metacharacters [(c) & 0xff] & VIP_DISPLEN)
891 
892 /* We assume 8 bits per byte. Use vip_op_defaults() to set these up BEFORE we
893    are ever called.  */
894 
895 #if defined(CONST_TABLE)
896 #define _ 0,
897 #define I VIP_IMMEDIATE,
898 #define S VIP_INDIRECT,
899 #define D VIP_DISPLEN,
900 static const char
901 vip_metacharacters[256] =
902 {
903   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/* ^@ ^A ^B ^C ^D ^E ^F ^G ^H ^I ^J ^K ^L ^M ^N ^O*/
904   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/* ^P ^Q ^R ^S ^T ^U ^V ^W ^X ^Y ^Z ^[ ^\ ^] ^^ ^_ */
905   _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ S _ _ _ _ _	/* sp !  "  #  $  %  & '  (  )  *  +  ,  -  .  / */
906   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  :  ;  <  =  >  ?*/
907   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*@  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O*/
908   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  [  \  ]  ^  _*/
909   D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*`  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o*/
910   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _	/*p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  {  |  }  ~  ^?*/
911 
912   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
913   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
914   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
915   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
916   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
917   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
918   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
919   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
920 };
921 #undef _
922 #undef I
923 #undef S
924 #undef D
925 
926 #else
927 
928 static char vip_metacharacters[256];
929 
930 static void
931 vip_op_1 (int bit, const char *syms)
932 {
933   unsigned char t;
934 
935   while ((t = *syms++) != 0)
936     vip_metacharacters[t] |= bit;
937 }
938 
939 /* Can be called any time.  More arguments may appear in future.  */
940 static void
941 vip_op_defaults (const char *immediate, const char *indirect, const char *displen)
942 {
943   vip_op_1 (VIP_IMMEDIATE, immediate);
944   vip_op_1 (VIP_INDIRECT, indirect);
945   vip_op_1 (VIP_DISPLEN, displen);
946 }
947 
948 #endif
949 
950 /* Call me once before you decode any lines.
951    I decode votstrs into a hash table at op_hash (which I create).
952    I return an error text or null.
953    If you want, I will include the 'synthetic' jXXX instructions in the
954    instruction table.
955    You must nominate metacharacters for eg DEC's "#", "@", "^".  */
956 
957 static const char *
958 vip_begin (int synthetic_too,		/* 1 means include jXXX op-codes.  */
959 	   const char *immediate,
960 	   const char *indirect,
961 	   const char *displen)
962 {
963   const struct vot *vP;		/* scan votstrs */
964   const char *retval = 0;	/* error text */
965 
966   op_hash = hash_new ();
967 
968   for (vP = votstrs; *vP->vot_name && !retval; vP++)
969     retval = hash_insert (op_hash, vP->vot_name, (void *) &vP->vot_detail);
970 
971   if (synthetic_too)
972     for (vP = synthetic_votstrs; *vP->vot_name && !retval; vP++)
973       retval = hash_insert (op_hash, vP->vot_name, (void *) &vP->vot_detail);
974 
975 #ifndef CONST_TABLE
976   vip_op_defaults (immediate, indirect, displen);
977 #endif
978 
979   return retval;
980 }
981 
982 /* Take 3 char.s, the last of which may be `\0` (non-existent)
983    and return the VAX register number that they represent.
984 
985    Return -1 if they don't form a register name. Good names return
986    a number from 0:15 inclusive.
987 
988    Case is not important in a name.
989 
990    Register names understood are:
991 
992   	R0
993   	R1
994   	R2
995   	R3
996   	R4
997   	R5
998   	R6
999    	R7
1000   	R8
1001   	R9
1002   	R10
1003   	R11
1004   	R12	AP
1005   	R13	FP
1006   	R14	SP
1007   	R15	PC  */
1008 
1009 #define AP 12
1010 #define FP 13
1011 #define SP 14
1012 #define PC 15
1013 
1014 /* Returns the register number of something like '%r15' or 'ap', supplied
1015    in four single chars. Returns -1 if the register isn't recognized,
1016    0..15 otherwise.  */
1017 static int
1018 vax_reg_parse (char c1, char c2, char c3, char c4)
1019 {
1020   int retval = -1;
1021 
1022 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
1023   if (c1 != '%')	/* Register prefixes are mandatory for ELF.  */
1024     return retval;
1025   c1 = c2;
1026   c2 = c3;
1027   c3 = c4;
1028 #endif
1029 #ifdef OBJ_VMS
1030   if (c4 != 0)		/* Register prefixes are not allowed under VMS.  */
1031     return retval;
1032 #endif
1033 #ifdef OBJ_AOUT
1034   if (c1 == '%')	/* Register prefixes are optional under a.out.  */
1035     {
1036       c1 = c2;
1037       c2 = c3;
1038       c3 = c4;
1039     }
1040   else if (c3 && c4)	/* Can't be 4 characters long.  */
1041     return retval;
1042 #endif
1043 
1044   c1 = TOLOWER (c1);
1045   c2 = TOLOWER (c2);
1046   if (ISDIGIT (c2) && c1 == 'r')
1047     {
1048       retval = c2 - '0';
1049       if (ISDIGIT (c3))
1050 	{
1051 	  retval = retval * 10 + c3 - '0';
1052 	  retval = (retval > 15) ? -1 : retval;
1053 	  /* clamp the register value to 1 hex digit */
1054 	}
1055       else if (c3)
1056 	retval = -1;		/* c3 must be '\0' or a digit.  */
1057     }
1058   else if (c3)			/* There are no three letter regs.  */
1059     retval = -1;
1060   else if (c2 == 'p')
1061     {
1062       switch (c1)
1063 	{
1064 	case 's':
1065 	  retval = SP;
1066 	  break;
1067 	case 'f':
1068 	  retval = FP;
1069 	  break;
1070 	case 'a':
1071 	  retval = AP;
1072 	  break;
1073 	default:
1074 	  retval = -1;
1075 	}
1076     }
1077   else if (c1 == 'p' && c2 == 'c')
1078     retval = PC;
1079   else
1080     retval = -1;
1081   return retval;
1082 }
1083 
1084 #ifdef OBJ_AOUT
1085 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
1086 void
1087 tc_aout_fix_to_chars (where, fixP, segment_address_in_file)
1088      char *where;
1089      fixS *fixP;
1090      relax_addressT segment_address_in_file;
1091 {
1092   /*
1093    * In: length of relocation (or of address) in chars: 1, 2 or 4.
1094    * Out: GNU LD relocation length code: 0, 1, or 2.
1095    */
1096 
1097   static const unsigned char nbytes_r_length[] = {42, 0, 1, 42, 2};
1098   int r_symbolnum;
1099   int r_flags;
1100 
1101   know (fixP->fx_addsy != NULL);
1102 
1103   md_number_to_chars (where,
1104        fixP->fx_frag->fr_address + fixP->fx_where - segment_address_in_file,
1105 		      4);
1106 
1107   r_symbolnum = (S_IS_DEFINED (fixP->fx_addsy)
1108 		 ? S_GET_TYPE (fixP->fx_addsy)
1109 		 : fixP->fx_addsy->sy_number);
1110   r_flags = (fixP->fx_pcrel ? 1 : 0)
1111       | (!S_IS_DEFINED (fixP->fx_addsy) ? 8 : 0)	/* extern */
1112       | ((nbytes_r_length[fixP->fx_size] & 3) << 1);
1113 
1114 #if 0
1115   r_flags |= ((!S_IS_DEFINED(fixP->fx_addsy)
1116       && fixP->fx_pcrel
1117       && fixP->fx_addsy != GOT_symbol
1118       && fixP->fx_addsy != PLT_symbol
1119       && flags_want_pic) ? 0x10 : 0);
1120 #endif
1121 
1122   switch (fixP->fx_r_type) {
1123 	case NO_RELOC:
1124 		break;
1125 	case NO_RELOC2:
1126 		if (r_flags & 8)
1127 		    r_flags |= 0x80;		/* setting the copy bit */
1128 						/*   says we can convert */
1129 						/*   to gotslot if needed */
1130 		break;
1131 	case RELOC_32:
1132 		if (flag_want_pic && S_IS_EXTERNAL(fixP->fx_addsy)) {
1133 			r_symbolnum = fixP->fx_addsy->sy_number;
1134 			r_flags |= 8;		/* set extern bit */
1135 		}
1136 		break;
1137 	case RELOC_JMP_SLOT:
1138 		if (flag_want_pic) {
1139 			r_flags |= 0x20;	/* set jmptable */
1140 			r_flags &= ~0x08;	/* clear extern bit */
1141 		}
1142 		break;
1143 	case RELOC_JMP_TBL:
1144 		if (flag_want_pic) {
1145 			r_flags |= 0x20;	/* set jmptable */
1146 			r_flags |= 0x08;	/* set extern bit */
1147 		}
1148 		break;
1149 	case RELOC_GLOB_DAT:
1150 		if (flag_want_pic) {
1151 			r_flags |= 0x10;	/* set baserel bit */
1152 			r_symbolnum = fixP->fx_addsy->sy_number;
1153 			if (S_IS_EXTERNAL(fixP->fx_addsy))
1154 				r_flags |= 8;	/* set extern bit */
1155 		}
1156 		break;
1157   }
1158 
1159   where[4] = (r_symbolnum >>  0) & 0xff;
1160   where[5] = (r_symbolnum >>  8) & 0xff;
1161   where[6] = (r_symbolnum >> 16) & 0xff;
1162   where[7] = r_flags;
1163 }
1164 #endif /* !BFD_ASSEMBLER */
1165 #endif /* OBJ_AOUT */
1166 
1167 /*
1168  *       BUGS, GRIPES,  APOLOGIA, etc.
1169  *
1170  * The opcode table 'votstrs' needs to be sorted on opcode frequency.
1171  * That is, AFTER we hash it with hash_...(), we want most-used opcodes
1172  * to come out of the hash table faster.
1173  *
1174  * I am sorry to inflict yet another VAX assembler on the world, but
1175  * RMS says we must do everything from scratch, to prevent pin-heads
1176  * restricting this software.
1177  */
1178 
1179 /*
1180  * This is a vaguely modular set of routines in C to parse VAX
1181  * assembly code using DEC mnemonics. It is NOT un*x specific.
1182  *
1183  * The idea here is that the assembler has taken care of all:
1184  *   labels
1185  *   macros
1186  *   listing
1187  *   pseudo-ops
1188  *   line continuation
1189  *   comments
1190  *   condensing any whitespace down to exactly one space
1191  * and all we have to do is parse 1 line into a vax instruction
1192  * partially formed. We will accept a line, and deliver:
1193  *   an error message (hopefully empty)
1194  *   a skeleton VAX instruction (tree structure)
1195  *   textual pointers to all the operand expressions
1196  *   a warning message that notes a silly operand (hopefully empty)
1197  */
1198 
1199 /*
1200  *		E D I T   H I S T O R Y
1201  *
1202  * 17may86 Dean Elsner. Bug if line ends immediately after opcode.
1203  * 30apr86 Dean Elsner. New vip_op() uses arg block so change call.
1204  *  6jan86 Dean Elsner. Crock vip_begin() to call vip_op_defaults().
1205  *  2jan86 Dean Elsner. Invent synthetic opcodes.
1206  *	Widen vax_opcodeT to 32 bits. Use a bit for VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC,
1207  *	which means this is not a real opcode, it is like a macro; it will
1208  *	be relax()ed into 1 or more instructions.
1209  *	Use another bit for VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL if the op-code is not optimised
1210  *	like a regular branch instruction. Option added to vip_begin():
1211  *	exclude	synthetic opcodes. Invent synthetic_votstrs[].
1212  * 31dec85 Dean Elsner. Invent vit_opcode_nbytes.
1213  *	Also make vit_opcode into a char[]. We now have n-byte vax opcodes,
1214  *	so caller's don't have to know the difference between a 1-byte & a
1215  *	2-byte op-code. Still need vax_opcodeT concept, so we know how
1216  *	big an object must be to hold an op.code.
1217  * 30dec85 Dean Elsner. Widen typedef vax_opcodeT in "vax-inst.h"
1218  *	because vax opcodes may be 16 bits. Our crufty C compiler was
1219  *	happily initialising 8-bit vot_codes with 16-bit numbers!
1220  *	(Wouldn't the 'phone company like to compress data so easily!)
1221  * 29dec85 Dean Elsner. New static table vax_operand_width_size[].
1222  *	Invented so we know hw many bytes a "I^#42" needs in its immediate
1223  *	operand. Revised struct vop in "vax-inst.h": explicitly include
1224  *	byte length of each operand, and it's letter-code datum type.
1225  * 17nov85 Dean Elsner. Name Change.
1226  *	Due to ar(1) truncating names, we learned the hard way that
1227  *	"vax-inst-parse.c" -> "vax-inst-parse." dropping the "o" off
1228  *	the archived object name. SO... we shortened the name of this
1229  *	source file, and changed the makefile.
1230  */
1231 
1232 /* Parse a vax operand in DEC assembler notation.
1233    For speed, expect a string of whitespace to be reduced to a single ' '.
1234    This is the case for GNU AS, and is easy for other DEC-compatible
1235    assemblers.
1236 
1237    Knowledge about DEC VAX assembler operand notation lives here.
1238    This doesn't even know what a register name is, except it believes
1239    all register names are 2 or 3 characters, and lets vax_reg_parse() say
1240    what number each name represents.
1241    It does, however, know that PC, SP etc are special registers so it can
1242    detect addressing modes that are silly for those registers.
1243 
1244    Where possible, it delivers 1 fatal or 1 warning message if the operand
1245    is suspect. Exactly what we test for is still evolving.
1246 
1247    ---
1248   	Arg block.
1249 
1250    There were a number of 'mismatched argument type' bugs to vip_op.
1251    The most general solution is to typedef each (of many) arguments.
1252    We used instead a typedef'd argument block. This is less modular
1253    than using separate return pointers for each result, but runs faster
1254    on most engines, and seems to keep programmers happy. It will have
1255    to be done properly if we ever want to use vip_op as a general-purpose
1256    module (it was designed to be).
1257 
1258  	G^
1259 
1260    Doesn't support DEC "G^" format operands. These always take 5 bytes
1261    to express, and code as modes 8F or 9F. Reason: "G^" deprives you of
1262    optimising to (say) a "B^" if you are lucky in the way you link.
1263    When someone builds a linker smart enough to convert "G^" to "B^", "W^"
1264    whenever possible, then we should implement it.
1265    If there is some other use for "G^", feel free to code it in!
1266 
1267   	speed
1268 
1269    If I nested if()s more, I could avoid testing (*err) which would save
1270    time, space and page faults. I didn't nest all those if()s for clarity
1271    and because I think the mode testing can be re-arranged 1st to test the
1272    commoner constructs 1st. Does anybody have statistics on this?
1273 
1274   	error messages
1275 
1276    In future, we should be able to 'compose' error messages in a scratch area
1277    and give the user MUCH more informative error messages. Although this takes
1278    a little more code at run-time, it will make this module much more self-
1279    documenting. As an example of what sucks now: most error messages have
1280    hardwired into them the DEC VAX metacharacters "#^@" which are nothing like
1281    the Un*x characters "$`*", that most users will expect from this AS.
1282 
1283    ----
1284 
1285    The input is a string, ending with '\0'.
1286 
1287    We also require a 'hint' of what kind of operand is expected: so
1288    we can remind caller not to write into literals for instance.
1289 
1290    The output is a skeletal instruction.
1291 
1292    The algorithm has two parts.
1293    1. extract the syntactic features (parse off all the @^#-()+[] mode crud);
1294    2. express the @^#-()+[] as some parameters suited to further analysis.
1295 
1296    2nd step is where we detect the googles of possible invalid combinations
1297    a human (or compiler) might write. Note that if we do a half-way
1298    decent assembler, we don't know how long to make (eg) displacement
1299    fields when we first meet them (because they may not have defined values).
1300    So we must wait until we know how many bits are needed for each address,
1301    then we can know both length and opcodes of instructions.
1302    For reason(s) above, we will pass to our caller a 'broken' instruction
1303    of these major components, from which our caller can generate instructions:
1304     -  displacement length      I^ S^ L^ B^ W^ unspecified
1305     -  mode                     (many)
1306     -  register                 R0-R15 or absent
1307     -  index register           R0-R15 or absent
1308     -  expression text          what we don't parse
1309     -  error text(s)            why we couldn't understand the operand
1310 
1311    ----
1312 
1313    To decode output of this, test errtxt. If errtxt[0] == '\0', then
1314    we had no errors that prevented parsing. Also, if we ever report
1315    an internal bug, errtxt[0] is set non-zero. So one test tells you
1316    if the other outputs are to be taken seriously.
1317 
1318    ----
1319 
1320    Dec defines the semantics of address modes (and values)
1321    by a two-letter code, explained here.
1322 
1323      letter 1:   access type
1324 
1325        a         address calculation - no data access, registers forbidden
1326        b         branch displacement
1327        m         read - let go of bus - write back    "modify"
1328        r         read
1329        v         bit field address: like 'a' but registers are OK
1330        w         write
1331        space	 no operator (eg ".long foo") [our convention]
1332 
1333      letter 2:   data type (i.e. width, alignment)
1334 
1335        b         byte
1336        d         double precision floating point (D format)
1337        f         single precision floating point (F format)
1338        g         G format floating
1339        h         H format floating
1340        l         longword
1341        o         octaword
1342        q         quadword
1343        w         word
1344        ?	 simple synthetic branch operand
1345        -	 unconditional synthetic JSB/JSR operand
1346        !	 complex synthetic branch operand
1347 
1348    The '-?!' letter 2's are not for external consumption. They are used
1349    for various assemblers. Generally, all unknown widths are assumed 0.
1350    We don't limit your choice of width character.
1351 
1352    DEC operands are hard work to parse. For example, '@' as the first
1353    character means indirect (deferred) mode but elsewhere it is a shift
1354    operator.
1355    The long-winded explanation of how this is supposed to work is
1356    cancelled. Read a DEC vax manual.
1357    We try hard not to parse anything that MIGHT be part of the expression
1358    buried in that syntax. For example if we see @...(Rn) we don't check
1359    for '-' before the '(' because mode @-(Rn) does not exist.
1360 
1361    After parsing we have:
1362 
1363    at                     1 if leading '@' (or Un*x '*')
1364    len                    takes one value from " bilsw". eg B^ -> 'b'.
1365    hash                   1 if leading '#' (or Un*x '$')
1366    expr_begin, expr_end   the expression we did not parse
1367                           even though we don't interpret it, we make use
1368                           of its presence or absence.
1369    sign                   -1: -(Rn)    0: absent    +1: (Rn)+
1370    paren                  1 if () are around register
1371    reg                    major register number 0:15    -1 means absent
1372    ndx                    index register number 0:15    -1 means absent
1373 
1374    Again, I dare not explain it: just trace ALL the code!
1375 
1376    Summary of vip_op outputs.
1377 
1378   mode	reg	len	ndx
1379   (Rn) => @Rn
1380   {@}Rn			5+@	n	' '	optional
1381   branch operand		0	-1	' '	-1
1382   S^#foo			0	-1	's'	-1
1383   -(Rn)			7	n	' '	optional
1384   {@}(Rn)+		8+@	n	' '	optional
1385   {@}#foo, no S^		8+@	PC	" i"	optional
1386   {@}{q^}{(Rn)}		10+@+q	option	" bwl"	optional  */
1387 
1388 /* Dissect user-input 'optext' (which is something like "@B^foo@bar(AP)[FP]:")
1389    using the vop in vopP. vopP's vop_access and vop_width. We fill _ndx, _reg,
1390    _mode, _short, _warn, _error, _expr_begin, _expr_end and _nbytes.  */
1391 
1392 static void
1393 vip_op (char *optext, struct vop *vopP)
1394 {
1395   /* Track operand text forward.  */
1396   char *p;
1397   /* Track operand text backward.  */
1398   char *q;
1399   /* 1 if leading '@' ('*') seen.  */
1400   int at;
1401   /* one of " bilsw" */
1402   char len;
1403   /* 1 if leading '#' ('$') seen.  */
1404   int hash;
1405   /* -1, 0 or +1.  */
1406   int sign = 0;
1407   /* 1 if () surround register.  */
1408   int paren = 0;
1409   /* Register number, -1:absent.  */
1410   int reg = 0;
1411   /* Index register number -1:absent.  */
1412   int ndx = 0;
1413   /* Report illegal operand, ""==OK.  */
1414   /* " " is a FAKE error: means we won.  */
1415   /* ANY err that begins with ' ' is a fake.  */
1416   /* " " is converted to "" before return.  */
1417   const char *err;
1418   /* Warn about weird modes pf address.  */
1419   const char *wrn;
1420   /* Preserve q in case we backup.  */
1421   char *oldq = NULL;
1422   /* Build up 4-bit operand mode here.  */
1423   /* Note: index mode is in ndx, this is.  */
1424   /* The major mode of operand address.  */
1425   int mode = 0;
1426   /* Notice how we move wrong-arg-type bugs INSIDE this module: if we
1427      get the types wrong below, we lose at compile time rather than at
1428      lint or run time.  */
1429   char access_mode;		/* vop_access.  */
1430 
1431   access_mode = vopP->vop_access;
1432   /* None of our code bugs (yet), no user text errors, no warnings
1433      even.  */
1434   err = wrn = 0;
1435 
1436   p = optext;
1437 
1438   if (*p == ' ')		/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
1439     p++;			/* skip over whitespace */
1440 
1441   if ((at = INDIRECTP (*p)) != 0)
1442     {				/* 1 if *p=='@'(or '*' for Un*x) */
1443       p++;			/* at is determined */
1444       if (*p == ' ')		/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
1445 	p++;			/* skip over whitespace */
1446     }
1447 
1448   /* This code is subtle. It tries to detect all legal (letter)'^'
1449      but it doesn't waste time explicitly testing for premature '\0' because
1450      this case is rejected as a mismatch against either (letter) or '^'.  */
1451   {
1452     char c;
1453 
1454     c = *p;
1455     c = TOLOWER (c);
1456     if (DISPLENP (p[1]) && strchr ("bilws", len = c))
1457       p += 2;			/* Skip (letter) '^'.  */
1458     else			/* No (letter) '^' seen.  */
1459       len = ' ';		/* Len is determined.  */
1460   }
1461 
1462   if (*p == ' ')		/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
1463     p++;
1464 
1465   if ((hash = IMMEDIATEP (*p)) != 0)	/* 1 if *p=='#' ('$' for Un*x) */
1466     p++;			/* Hash is determined.  */
1467 
1468   /* p points to what may be the beginning of an expression.
1469      We have peeled off the front all that is peelable.
1470      We know at, len, hash.
1471 
1472      Lets point q at the end of the text and parse that (backwards).  */
1473 
1474   for (q = p; *q; q++)
1475     ;
1476   q--;				/* Now q points at last char of text.  */
1477 
1478   if (*q == ' ' && q >= p)	/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
1479     q--;
1480 
1481   /* Reverse over whitespace, but don't.  */
1482   /* Run back over *p.  */
1483 
1484   /* As a matter of policy here, we look for [Rn], although both Rn and S^#
1485      forbid [Rn]. This is because it is easy, and because only a sick
1486      cyborg would have [...] trailing an expression in a VAX-like assembler.
1487      A meticulous parser would first check for Rn followed by '(' or '['
1488      and not parse a trailing ']' if it found another. We just ban expressions
1489      ending in ']'.  */
1490   if (*q == ']')
1491     {
1492       while (q >= p && *q != '[')
1493 	q--;
1494       /* Either q<p or we got matching '['.  */
1495       if (q < p)
1496 	err = _("no '[' to match ']'");
1497       else
1498 	{
1499 	  /* Confusers like "[]" will eventually lose with a bad register
1500 	   * name error. So again we don't need to check for early '\0'.  */
1501 	  if (q[3] == ']')
1502 	    ndx = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], 0, 0);
1503 	  else if (q[4] == ']')
1504 	    ndx = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], 0);
1505 	  else if (q[5] == ']')
1506 	    ndx = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4]);
1507 	  else
1508 	    ndx = -1;
1509 	  /* Since we saw a ']' we will demand a register name in the [].
1510 	   * If luser hasn't given us one: be rude.  */
1511 	  if (ndx < 0)
1512 	    err = _("bad register in []");
1513 	  else if (ndx == PC)
1514 	    err = _("[PC] index banned");
1515 	  else
1516 	    /* Point q just before "[...]".  */
1517 	    q--;
1518 	}
1519     }
1520   else
1521     /* No ']', so no iNDeX register.  */
1522     ndx = -1;
1523 
1524   /* If err = "..." then we lost: run away.
1525      Otherwise ndx == -1 if there was no "[...]".
1526      Otherwise, ndx is index register number, and q points before "[...]".  */
1527 
1528   if (*q == ' ' && q >= p)	/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
1529     q--;
1530   /* Reverse over whitespace, but don't.  */
1531   /* Run back over *p.  */
1532   if (!err || !*err)
1533     {
1534       /* no ()+ or -() seen yet */
1535       sign = 0;
1536 
1537       if (q > p + 3 && *q == '+' && q[-1] == ')')
1538 	{
1539 	  sign = 1;		/* we saw a ")+" */
1540 	  q--;			/* q points to ')' */
1541 	}
1542 
1543       if (*q == ')' && q > p + 2)
1544 	{
1545 	  paren = 1;		/* assume we have "(...)" */
1546 	  while (q >= p && *q != '(')
1547 	    q--;
1548 	  /* either q<p or we got matching '(' */
1549 	  if (q < p)
1550 	    err = _("no '(' to match ')'");
1551 	  else
1552 	    {
1553 	      /* Confusers like "()" will eventually lose with a bad register
1554 	         name error. So again we don't need to check for early '\0'.  */
1555 	      if (q[3] == ')')
1556 		reg = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], 0, 0);
1557 	      else if (q[4] == ')')
1558 		reg = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], 0);
1559 	      else if (q[5] == ')')
1560 		reg = vax_reg_parse (q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4]);
1561 	      else
1562 		reg = -1;
1563 	      /* Since we saw a ')' we will demand a register name in the ')'.
1564 	         This is nasty: why can't our hypothetical assembler permit
1565 	         parenthesised expressions? BECAUSE I AM LAZY! That is why.
1566 	         Abuse luser if we didn't spy a register name.  */
1567 	      if (reg < 0)
1568 		{
1569 		  /* JF allow parenthesized expressions.  I hope this works.  */
1570 		  paren = 0;
1571 		  while (*q != ')')
1572 		    q++;
1573 		  /* err = "unknown register in ()"; */
1574 		}
1575 	      else
1576 		q--;		/* point just before '(' of "(...)" */
1577 	      /* If err == "..." then we lost. Run away.
1578 	         Otherwise if reg >= 0 then we saw (Rn).  */
1579 	    }
1580 	  /* If err == "..." then we lost.
1581 	     Otherwise paren==1 and reg = register in "()".  */
1582 	}
1583       else
1584 	paren = 0;
1585       /* If err == "..." then we lost.
1586          Otherwise, q points just before "(Rn)", if any.
1587          If there was a "(...)" then paren==1, and reg is the register.  */
1588 
1589       /* We should only seek '-' of "-(...)" if:
1590            we saw "(...)"                    paren == 1
1591            we have no errors so far          ! *err
1592            we did not see '+' of "(...)+"    sign < 1
1593          We don't check len. We want a specific error message later if
1594          user tries "x^...-(Rn)". This is a feature not a bug.  */
1595       if (!err || !*err)
1596 	{
1597 	  if (paren && sign < 1)/* !sign is adequate test */
1598 	    {
1599 	      if (*q == '-')
1600 		{
1601 		  sign = -1;
1602 		  q--;
1603 		}
1604 	    }
1605 	  /* We have back-tracked over most
1606 	     of the crud at the end of an operand.
1607 	     Unless err, we know: sign, paren. If paren, we know reg.
1608 	     The last case is of an expression "Rn".
1609 	     This is worth hunting for if !err, !paren.
1610 	     We wouldn't be here if err.
1611 	     We remember to save q, in case we didn't want "Rn" anyway.  */
1612 	  if (!paren)
1613 	    {
1614 	      if (*q == ' ' && q >= p)	/* Expect all whitespace reduced to ' '.  */
1615 		q--;
1616 	      /* Reverse over whitespace, but don't.  */
1617 	      /* Run back over *p.  */
1618 	      /* Room for Rn or Rnn (include prefix) exactly?  */
1619 	      if (q > p && q < p + 4)
1620 		reg = vax_reg_parse (p[0], p[1],
1621 		  q < p + 2 ? 0 : p[2],
1622 		  q < p + 3 ? 0 : p[3]);
1623 	      else
1624 		reg = -1;	/* Always comes here if no register at all.  */
1625 	      /* Here with a definitive reg value.  */
1626 	      if (reg >= 0)
1627 		{
1628 		  oldq = q;
1629 		  q = p - 1;
1630 		}
1631 	    }
1632 	}
1633     }
1634   /* have reg. -1:absent; else 0:15.  */
1635 
1636   /* We have:  err, at, len, hash, ndx, sign, paren, reg.
1637      Also, any remaining expression is from *p through *q inclusive.
1638      Should there be no expression, q==p-1. So expression length = q-p+1.
1639      This completes the first part: parsing the operand text.  */
1640 
1641   /* We now want to boil the data down, checking consistency on the way.
1642      We want:  len, mode, reg, ndx, err, p, q, wrn, bug.
1643      We will deliver a 4-bit reg, and a 4-bit mode.  */
1644 
1645   /* Case of branch operand. Different. No L^B^W^I^S^ allowed for instance.
1646 
1647      in:  at	?
1648           len	?
1649           hash	?
1650           p:q	?
1651           sign  ?
1652           paren	?
1653           reg   ?
1654           ndx   ?
1655 
1656      out: mode  0
1657           reg   -1
1658           len	' '
1659           p:q	whatever was input
1660           ndx	-1
1661           err	" "		 or error message, and other outputs trashed.  */
1662   /* Branch operands have restricted forms.  */
1663   if ((!err || !*err) && access_mode == 'b')
1664     {
1665       if (at || hash || sign || paren || ndx >= 0 || reg >= 0 || len != ' ')
1666 	err = _("invalid branch operand");
1667       else
1668 	err = " ";
1669     }
1670 
1671   /* Since nobody seems to use it: comment this 'feature'(?) out for now.  */
1672 #ifdef NEVER
1673   /* Case of stand-alone operand. e.g. ".long foo"
1674 
1675      in:  at	?
1676           len	?
1677           hash	?
1678           p:q	?
1679           sign  ?
1680           paren	?
1681           reg   ?
1682           ndx   ?
1683 
1684      out: mode  0
1685           reg   -1
1686           len	' '
1687           p:q	whatever was input
1688           ndx	-1
1689           err	" "		 or error message, and other outputs trashed.  */
1690   if ((!err || !*err) && access_mode == ' ')
1691     {
1692       if (at)
1693 	err = _("address prohibits @");
1694       else if (hash)
1695 	err = _("address prohibits #");
1696       else if (sign)
1697 	{
1698 	  if (sign < 0)
1699 	    err = _("address prohibits -()");
1700 	  else
1701 	    err = _("address prohibits ()+");
1702 	}
1703       else if (paren)
1704 	err = _("address prohibits ()");
1705       else if (ndx >= 0)
1706 	err = _("address prohibits []");
1707       else if (reg >= 0)
1708 	err = _("address prohibits register");
1709       else if (len != ' ')
1710 	err = _("address prohibits displacement length specifier");
1711       else
1712 	{
1713 	  err = " ";	/* succeed */
1714 	  mode = 0;
1715 	}
1716     }
1717 #endif
1718 
1719   /* Case of S^#.
1720 
1721      in:  at       0
1722           len      's'               definition
1723           hash     1              demand
1724           p:q                        demand not empty
1725           sign     0                 by paren==0
1726           paren    0             by "()" scan logic because "S^" seen
1727           reg      -1                or nn by mistake
1728           ndx      -1
1729 
1730      out: mode     0
1731           reg      -1
1732           len      's'
1733           exp
1734           ndx      -1  */
1735   if ((!err || !*err) && len == 's')
1736     {
1737       if (!hash || paren || at || ndx >= 0)
1738 	err = _("invalid operand of S^#");
1739       else
1740 	{
1741 	  if (reg >= 0)
1742 	    {
1743 	      /* Darn! we saw S^#Rnn ! put the Rnn back in
1744 	         expression. KLUDGE! Use oldq so we don't
1745 	         need to know exact length of reg name.  */
1746 	      q = oldq;
1747 	      reg = 0;
1748 	    }
1749 	  /* We have all the expression we will ever get.  */
1750 	  if (p > q)
1751 	    err = _("S^# needs expression");
1752 	  else if (access_mode == 'r')
1753 	    {
1754 	      err = " ";	/* WIN! */
1755 	      mode = 0;
1756 	    }
1757 	  else
1758 	    err = _("S^# may only read-access");
1759 	}
1760     }
1761 
1762   /* Case of -(Rn), which is weird case.
1763 
1764      in:  at       0
1765           len      '
1766           hash     0
1767           p:q      q<p
1768           sign     -1                by definition
1769           paren    1              by definition
1770           reg      present           by definition
1771           ndx      optional
1772 
1773      out: mode     7
1774           reg      present
1775           len      ' '
1776           exp      ""                enforce empty expression
1777           ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
1778   if ((!err || !*err) && sign < 0)
1779     {
1780       if (len != ' ' || hash || at || p <= q)
1781 	err = _("invalid operand of -()");
1782       else
1783 	{
1784 	  err = " ";		/* win */
1785 	  mode = 7;
1786 	  if (reg == PC)
1787 	    wrn = _("-(PC) unpredictable");
1788 	  else if (reg == ndx)
1789 	    wrn = _("[]index same as -()register: unpredictable");
1790 	}
1791     }
1792 
1793   /* We convert "(Rn)" to "@Rn" for our convenience.
1794      (I hope this is convenient: has someone got a better way to parse this?)
1795      A side-effect of this is that "@Rn" is a valid operand.  */
1796   if (paren && !sign && !hash && !at && len == ' ' && p > q)
1797     {
1798       at = 1;
1799       paren = 0;
1800     }
1801 
1802   /* Case of (Rn)+, which is slightly different.
1803 
1804      in:  at
1805           len      ' '
1806           hash     0
1807           p:q      q<p
1808           sign     +1                by definition
1809           paren    1              by definition
1810           reg      present           by definition
1811           ndx      optional
1812 
1813      out: mode     8+@
1814           reg      present
1815           len      ' '
1816           exp      ""                enforce empty expression
1817           ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
1818   if ((!err || !*err) && sign > 0)
1819     {
1820       if (len != ' ' || hash || p <= q)
1821 	err = _("invalid operand of ()+");
1822       else
1823 	{
1824 	  err = " ";		/* win */
1825 	  mode = 8 + (at ? 1 : 0);
1826 	  if (reg == PC)
1827 	    wrn = _("(PC)+ unpredictable");
1828 	  else if (reg == ndx)
1829 	    wrn = _("[]index same as ()+register: unpredictable");
1830 	}
1831     }
1832 
1833   /* Case of #, without S^.
1834 
1835      in:  at
1836           len      ' ' or 'i'
1837           hash     1              by definition
1838           p:q
1839           sign     0
1840           paren    0
1841           reg      absent
1842           ndx      optional
1843 
1844      out: mode     8+@
1845           reg      PC
1846           len      ' ' or 'i'
1847           exp
1848           ndx      optional.  */
1849   if ((!err || !*err) && hash)
1850     {
1851       if (len != 'i' && len != ' ')
1852 	err = _("# conflicts length");
1853       else if (paren)
1854 	err = _("# bars register");
1855       else
1856 	{
1857 	  if (reg >= 0)
1858 	    {
1859 	      /* Darn! we saw #Rnn! Put the Rnn back into the expression.
1860 	         By using oldq, we don't need to know how long Rnn was.
1861 	         KLUDGE!  */
1862 	      q = oldq;
1863 	      reg = -1;		/* No register any more.  */
1864 	    }
1865 	  err = " ";		/* Win.  */
1866 
1867 	  /* JF a bugfix, I think!  */
1868 	  if (at && access_mode == 'a')
1869 	    vopP->vop_nbytes = 4;
1870 
1871 	  mode = (at ? 9 : 8);
1872 	  reg = PC;
1873 	  if ((access_mode == 'm' || access_mode == 'w') && !at)
1874 	    wrn = _("writing or modifying # is unpredictable");
1875 	}
1876     }
1877   /* If !*err, then       sign == 0
1878                           hash == 0 */
1879 
1880   /* Case of Rn. We separate this one because it has a few special
1881      errors the remaining modes lack.
1882 
1883      in:  at       optional
1884           len      ' '
1885           hash     0             by program logic
1886           p:q      empty
1887           sign     0                 by program logic
1888           paren    0             by definition
1889           reg      present           by definition
1890           ndx      optional
1891 
1892      out: mode     5+@
1893           reg      present
1894           len      ' '               enforce no length
1895           exp      ""                enforce empty expression
1896           ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
1897   if ((!err || !*err) && !paren && reg >= 0)
1898     {
1899       if (len != ' ')
1900 	err = _("length not needed");
1901       else if (at)
1902 	{
1903 	  err = " ";		/* win */
1904 	  mode = 6;		/* @Rn */
1905 	}
1906       else if (ndx >= 0)
1907 	err = _("can't []index a register, because it has no address");
1908       else if (access_mode == 'a')
1909 	err = _("a register has no address");
1910       else
1911 	{
1912 	  /* Idea here is to detect from length of datum
1913 	     and from register number if we will touch PC.
1914 	     Warn if we do.
1915 	     vop_nbytes is number of bytes in operand.
1916 	     Compute highest byte affected, compare to PC0.  */
1917 	  if ((vopP->vop_nbytes + reg * 4) > 60)
1918 	    wrn = _("PC part of operand unpredictable");
1919 	  err = " ";		/* win */
1920 	  mode = 5;		/* Rn */
1921 	}
1922     }
1923   /* If !*err,        sign  == 0
1924                       hash  == 0
1925                       paren == 1  OR reg==-1  */
1926 
1927   /* Rest of cases fit into one bunch.
1928 
1929      in:  at       optional
1930           len      ' ' or 'b' or 'w' or 'l'
1931           hash     0             by program logic
1932           p:q      expected          (empty is not an error)
1933           sign     0                 by program logic
1934           paren    optional
1935           reg      optional
1936           ndx      optional
1937 
1938      out: mode     10 + @ + len
1939           reg      optional
1940           len      ' ' or 'b' or 'w' or 'l'
1941           exp                        maybe empty
1942           ndx      optional          warn if same as reg.  */
1943   if (!err || !*err)
1944     {
1945       err = " ";		/* win (always) */
1946       mode = 10 + (at ? 1 : 0);
1947       switch (len)
1948 	{
1949 	case 'l':
1950 	  mode += 2;
1951 	case 'w':
1952 	  mode += 2;
1953 	case ' ':	/* Assumed B^ until our caller changes it.  */
1954 	case 'b':
1955 	  break;
1956 	}
1957     }
1958 
1959   /* here with completely specified     mode
1960     					len
1961     					reg
1962     					expression   p,q
1963     					ndx.  */
1964 
1965   if (*err == ' ')
1966     err = 0;			/* " " is no longer an error.  */
1967 
1968   vopP->vop_mode = mode;
1969   vopP->vop_reg = reg;
1970   vopP->vop_short = len;
1971   vopP->vop_expr_begin = p;
1972   vopP->vop_expr_end = q;
1973   vopP->vop_ndx = ndx;
1974   vopP->vop_error = err;
1975   vopP->vop_warn = wrn;
1976 }
1977 
1978 /* This converts a string into a vax instruction.
1979    The string must be a bare single instruction in dec-vax (with BSD4 frobs)
1980    format.
1981    It provides some error messages: at most one fatal error message (which
1982    stops the scan) and at most one warning message for each operand.
1983    The vax instruction is returned in exploded form, since we have no
1984    knowledge of how you parse (or evaluate) your expressions.
1985    We do however strip off and decode addressing modes and operation
1986    mnemonic.
1987 
1988    The exploded instruction is returned to a struct vit of your choice.
1989    #include "vax-inst.h" to know what a struct vit is.
1990 
1991    This function's value is a string. If it is not "" then an internal
1992    logic error was found: read this code to assign meaning to the string.
1993    No argument string should generate such an error string:
1994    it means a bug in our code, not in the user's text.
1995 
1996    You MUST have called vip_begin() once before using this function.  */
1997 
1998 static void
1999 vip (struct vit *vitP,		/* We build an exploded instruction here.  */
2000      char *instring)		/* Text of a vax instruction: we modify.  */
2001 {
2002   /* How to bit-encode this opcode.  */
2003   struct vot_wot *vwP;
2004   /* 1/skip whitespace.2/scan vot_how */
2005   char *p;
2006   char *q;
2007   /* counts number of operands seen */
2008   unsigned char count;
2009   /* scan operands in struct vit */
2010   struct vop *operandp;
2011   /* error over all operands */
2012   const char *alloperr;
2013   /* Remember char, (we clobber it with '\0' temporarily).  */
2014   char c;
2015   /* Op-code of this instruction.  */
2016   vax_opcodeT oc;
2017 
2018   if (*instring == ' ')
2019     ++instring;
2020 
2021   /* MUST end in end-of-string or exactly 1 space.  */
2022   for (p = instring; *p && *p != ' '; p++)
2023     ;
2024 
2025   /* Scanned up to end of operation-code.  */
2026   /* Operation-code is ended with whitespace.  */
2027   if (p - instring == 0)
2028     {
2029       vitP->vit_error = _("No operator");
2030       count = 0;
2031       memset (vitP->vit_opcode, '\0', sizeof (vitP->vit_opcode));
2032     }
2033   else
2034     {
2035       c = *p;
2036       *p = '\0';
2037       /* Here with instring pointing to what better be an op-name, and p
2038          pointing to character just past that.
2039          We trust instring points to an op-name, with no whitespace.  */
2040       vwP = (struct vot_wot *) hash_find (op_hash, instring);
2041       /* Restore char after op-code.  */
2042       *p = c;
2043       if (vwP == 0)
2044 	{
2045 	  vitP->vit_error = _("Unknown operator");
2046 	  count = 0;
2047 	  memset (vitP->vit_opcode, '\0', sizeof (vitP->vit_opcode));
2048 	}
2049       else
2050 	{
2051 	  /* We found a match! So let's pick up as many operands as the
2052 	     instruction wants, and even gripe if there are too many.
2053 	     We expect comma to separate each operand.
2054 	     We let instring track the text, while p tracks a part of the
2055 	     struct vot.  */
2056 	  const char *howp;
2057 	  /* The lines below know about 2-byte opcodes starting FD,FE or FF.
2058 	     They also understand synthetic opcodes. Note:
2059 	     we return 32 bits of opcode, including bucky bits, BUT
2060 	     an opcode length is either 8 or 16 bits for vit_opcode_nbytes.  */
2061 	  oc = vwP->vot_code;	/* The op-code.  */
2062 	  vitP->vit_opcode_nbytes = (oc & 0xFF) >= 0xFD ? 2 : 1;
2063 	  md_number_to_chars (vitP->vit_opcode, oc, 4);
2064 	  count = 0;		/* No operands seen yet.  */
2065 	  instring = p;		/* Point just past operation code.  */
2066 	  alloperr = "";
2067 	  for (howp = vwP->vot_how, operandp = vitP->vit_operand;
2068 	       !(alloperr && *alloperr) && *howp;
2069 	       operandp++, howp += 2)
2070 	    {
2071 	      /* Here to parse one operand. Leave instring pointing just
2072 	         past any one ',' that marks the end of this operand.  */
2073 	      if (!howp[1])
2074 		as_fatal (_("odd number of bytes in operand description"));
2075 	      else if (*instring)
2076 		{
2077 		  for (q = instring; (c = *q) && c != ','; q++)
2078 		    ;
2079 		  /* Q points to ',' or '\0' that ends argument. C is that
2080 		     character.  */
2081 		  *q = 0;
2082 		  operandp->vop_width = howp[1];
2083 		  operandp->vop_nbytes = vax_operand_width_size[(unsigned) howp[1]];
2084 		  operandp->vop_access = howp[0];
2085 		  vip_op (instring, operandp);
2086 		  *q = c;	/* Restore input text.  */
2087 		  if (operandp->vop_error)
2088 		    alloperr = _("Bad operand");
2089 		  instring = q + (c ? 1 : 0);	/* Next operand (if any).  */
2090 		  count++;	/*  Won another argument, may have an operr.  */
2091 		}
2092 	      else
2093 		alloperr = _("Not enough operands");
2094 	    }
2095 	  if (!*alloperr)
2096 	    {
2097 	      if (*instring == ' ')
2098 		instring++;
2099 	      if (*instring)
2100 		alloperr = _("Too many operands");
2101 	    }
2102 	  vitP->vit_error = alloperr;
2103 	}
2104     }
2105   vitP->vit_operands = count;
2106 }
2107 
2108 #ifdef test
2109 
2110 /* Test program for above.  */
2111 
2112 struct vit myvit;		/* Build an exploded vax instruction here.  */
2113 char answer[100];		/* Human types a line of vax assembler here.  */
2114 char *mybug;			/* "" or an internal logic diagnostic.  */
2115 int mycount;			/* Number of operands.  */
2116 struct vop *myvop;		/* Scan operands from myvit.  */
2117 int mysynth;			/* 1 means want synthetic opcodes.  */
2118 char my_immediate[200];
2119 char my_indirect[200];
2120 char my_displen[200];
2121 
2122 int
2123 main (void)
2124 {
2125   char *p;
2126 
2127   printf ("0 means no synthetic instructions.   ");
2128   printf ("Value for vip_begin?  ");
2129   gets (answer);
2130   sscanf (answer, "%d", &mysynth);
2131   printf ("Synthetic opcodes %s be included.\n", mysynth ? "will" : "will not");
2132   printf ("enter immediate symbols eg enter #   ");
2133   gets (my_immediate);
2134   printf ("enter indirect symbols  eg enter @   ");
2135   gets (my_indirect);
2136   printf ("enter displen symbols   eg enter ^   ");
2137   gets (my_displen);
2138 
2139   if (p = vip_begin (mysynth, my_immediate, my_indirect, my_displen))
2140     error ("vip_begin=%s", p);
2141 
2142   printf ("An empty input line will quit you from the vax instruction parser\n");
2143   for (;;)
2144     {
2145       printf ("vax instruction: ");
2146       fflush (stdout);
2147       gets (answer);
2148       if (!*answer)
2149 	break;		/* Out of for each input text loop.  */
2150 
2151       vip (& myvit, answer);
2152       if (*myvit.vit_error)
2153 	printf ("ERR:\"%s\"\n", myvit.vit_error);
2154 
2155       printf ("opcode=");
2156       for (mycount = myvit.vit_opcode_nbytes, p = myvit.vit_opcode;
2157 	   mycount;
2158 	   mycount--, p++)
2159 	printf ("%02x ", *p & 0xFF);
2160 
2161       printf ("   operand count=%d.\n", mycount = myvit.vit_operands);
2162       for (myvop = myvit.vit_operand; mycount; mycount--, myvop++)
2163 	{
2164 	  printf ("mode=%xx reg=%xx ndx=%xx len='%c'=%c%c%d. expr=\"",
2165 		  myvop->vop_mode, myvop->vop_reg, myvop->vop_ndx,
2166 		  myvop->vop_short, myvop->vop_access, myvop->vop_width,
2167 		  myvop->vop_nbytes);
2168 	  for (p = myvop->vop_expr_begin; p <= myvop->vop_expr_end; p++)
2169 	    putchar (*p);
2170 
2171 	  printf ("\"\n");
2172 	  if (myvop->vop_error)
2173 	    printf ("  err:\"%s\"\n", myvop->vop_error);
2174 
2175 	  if (myvop->vop_warn)
2176 	    printf ("  wrn:\"%s\"\n", myvop->vop_warn);
2177 	}
2178     }
2179   vip_end ();
2180   exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
2181 }
2182 
2183 #endif
2184 
2185 #ifdef TEST			/* #Define to use this testbed.  */
2186 
2187 /* Follows a test program for this function.
2188    We declare arrays non-local in case some of our tiny-minded machines
2189    default to small stacks. Also, helps with some debuggers.  */
2190 
2191 char answer[100];		/* Human types into here.  */
2192 char *p;			/*  */
2193 char *myerr;
2194 char *mywrn;
2195 char *mybug;
2196 char myaccess;
2197 char mywidth;
2198 char mymode;
2199 char myreg;
2200 char mylen;
2201 char *myleft;
2202 char *myright;
2203 char myndx;
2204 int my_operand_length;
2205 char my_immediate[200];
2206 char my_indirect[200];
2207 char my_displen[200];
2208 
2209 int
2210 main (void)
2211 {
2212   printf ("enter immediate symbols eg enter #   ");
2213   gets (my_immediate);
2214   printf ("enter indirect symbols  eg enter @   ");
2215   gets (my_indirect);
2216   printf ("enter displen symbols   eg enter ^   ");
2217   gets (my_displen);
2218   vip_op_defaults (my_immediate, my_indirect, my_displen);
2219 
2220   for (;;)
2221     {
2222       printf ("access,width (eg 'ab' or 'wh') [empty line to quit] :  ");
2223       fflush (stdout);
2224       gets (answer);
2225       if (!answer[0])
2226 	exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
2227       myaccess = answer[0];
2228       mywidth = answer[1];
2229       switch (mywidth)
2230 	{
2231 	case 'b':
2232 	  my_operand_length = 1;
2233 	  break;
2234 	case 'd':
2235 	  my_operand_length = 8;
2236 	  break;
2237 	case 'f':
2238 	  my_operand_length = 4;
2239 	  break;
2240 	case 'g':
2241 	  my_operand_length = 16;
2242 	  break;
2243 	case 'h':
2244 	  my_operand_length = 32;
2245 	  break;
2246 	case 'l':
2247 	  my_operand_length = 4;
2248 	  break;
2249 	case 'o':
2250 	  my_operand_length = 16;
2251 	  break;
2252 	case 'q':
2253 	  my_operand_length = 8;
2254 	  break;
2255 	case 'w':
2256 	  my_operand_length = 2;
2257 	  break;
2258 	case '!':
2259 	case '?':
2260 	case '-':
2261 	  my_operand_length = 0;
2262 	  break;
2263 
2264 	default:
2265 	  my_operand_length = 2;
2266 	  printf ("I dn't understand access width %c\n", mywidth);
2267 	  break;
2268 	}
2269       printf ("VAX assembler instruction operand: ");
2270       fflush (stdout);
2271       gets (answer);
2272       mybug = vip_op (answer, myaccess, mywidth, my_operand_length,
2273 		      &mymode, &myreg, &mylen, &myleft, &myright, &myndx,
2274 		      &myerr, &mywrn);
2275       if (*myerr)
2276 	{
2277 	  printf ("error: \"%s\"\n", myerr);
2278 	  if (*mybug)
2279 	    printf (" bug: \"%s\"\n", mybug);
2280 	}
2281       else
2282 	{
2283 	  if (*mywrn)
2284 	    printf ("warning: \"%s\"\n", mywrn);
2285 	  mumble ("mode", mymode);
2286 	  mumble ("register", myreg);
2287 	  mumble ("index", myndx);
2288 	  printf ("width:'%c'  ", mylen);
2289 	  printf ("expression: \"");
2290 	  while (myleft <= myright)
2291 	    putchar (*myleft++);
2292 	  printf ("\"\n");
2293 	}
2294     }
2295 }
2296 
2297 void
2298 mumble (char *text, int value)
2299 {
2300   printf ("%s:", text);
2301   if (value >= 0)
2302     printf ("%xx", value);
2303   else
2304     printf ("ABSENT");
2305   printf ("  ");
2306 }
2307 
2308 #endif
2309 
2310 int md_short_jump_size = 3;
2311 int md_long_jump_size = 6;
2312 
2313 void
2314 md_create_short_jump (char *ptr,
2315 		      addressT from_addr,
2316 		      addressT to_addr ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
2317 		      fragS *frag ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
2318 		      symbolS *to_symbol ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
2319 {
2320   valueT offset;
2321 
2322   /* This former calculation was off by two:
2323       offset = to_addr - (from_addr + 1);
2324      We need to account for the one byte instruction and also its
2325      two byte operand.  */
2326   offset = to_addr - (from_addr + 1 + 2);
2327   *ptr++ = VAX_BRW;		/* Branch with word (16 bit) offset.  */
2328   md_number_to_chars (ptr, offset, 2);
2329 }
2330 
2331 void
2332 md_create_long_jump (char *ptr,
2333 		     addressT from_addr ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
2334 		     addressT to_addr,
2335 		     fragS *frag,
2336 		     symbolS *to_symbol)
2337 {
2338   valueT offset;
2339 
2340   offset = to_addr - S_GET_VALUE (to_symbol);
2341   *ptr++ = VAX_JMP;		/* Arbitrary jump.  */
2342   *ptr++ = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;
2343   md_number_to_chars (ptr, offset, 4);
2344   fix_new (frag, ptr - frag->fr_literal, 4, to_symbol, (long) 0, 0, NO_RELOC);
2345 }
2346 
2347 #ifdef OBJ_VMS
2348 const char *md_shortopts = "d:STt:V+1h:Hv::";
2349 #elif defined(OBJ_ELF)
2350 const char *md_shortopts = "d:STt:VkKQ:";
2351 #else
2352 const char *md_shortopts = "d:STt:V";
2353 #endif
2354 struct option md_longopts[] =
2355 {
2356 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
2357 #define OPTION_PIC (OPTION_MD_BASE)
2358   { "pic", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_PIC },
2359 #endif
2360   { NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0 }
2361 };
2362 size_t md_longopts_size = sizeof (md_longopts);
2363 
2364 int
2365 md_parse_option (int c, char *arg)
2366 {
2367   switch (c)
2368     {
2369     case 'S':
2370       as_warn (_("SYMBOL TABLE not implemented"));
2371       break;
2372 
2373     case 'T':
2374       as_warn (_("TOKEN TRACE not implemented"));
2375       break;
2376 
2377     case 'd':
2378       as_warn (_("Displacement length %s ignored!"), arg);
2379       break;
2380 
2381     case 't':
2382       as_warn (_("I don't need or use temp. file \"%s\"."), arg);
2383       break;
2384 
2385     case 'V':
2386       as_warn (_("I don't use an interpass file! -V ignored"));
2387       break;
2388 
2389 #ifdef OBJ_VMS
2390     case '+':			/* For g++.  Hash any name > 31 chars long.  */
2391       flag_hash_long_names = 1;
2392       break;
2393 
2394     case '1':			/* For backward compatibility.  */
2395       flag_one = 1;
2396       break;
2397 
2398     case 'H':			/* Show new symbol after hash truncation.  */
2399       flag_show_after_trunc = 1;
2400       break;
2401 
2402     case 'h':			/* No hashing of mixed-case names.  */
2403       {
2404 	extern char vms_name_mapping;
2405 	vms_name_mapping = atoi (arg);
2406 	flag_no_hash_mixed_case = 1;
2407       }
2408       break;
2409 
2410     case 'v':
2411       {
2412 	extern char *compiler_version_string;
2413 
2414 	if (!arg || !*arg || access (arg, 0) == 0)
2415 	  return 0;		/* Have caller show the assembler version.  */
2416 	compiler_version_string = arg;
2417       }
2418       break;
2419 #endif
2420 
2421 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
2422     case OPTION_PIC:
2423     case 'k':
2424       flag_want_pic = 1;
2425       break;			/* -pic, Position Independent Code.  */
2426 
2427      /* -Qy, -Qn: SVR4 arguments controlling whether a .comment
2428 	section should be emitted or not.  FIXME: Not implemented.  */
2429     case 'Q':
2430       break;
2431 #endif
2432 
2433     default:
2434       return 0;
2435     }
2436 
2437   return 1;
2438 }
2439 
2440 void
2441 md_show_usage (FILE *stream)
2442 {
2443   fprintf (stream, _("\
2444 VAX options:\n\
2445 -d LENGTH		ignored\n\
2446 -J			ignored\n\
2447 -S			ignored\n\
2448 -t FILE			ignored\n\
2449 -T			ignored\n\
2450 -V			ignored\n"));
2451 #ifdef OBJ_VMS
2452   fprintf (stream, _("\
2453 VMS options:\n\
2454 -+			hash encode names longer than 31 characters\n\
2455 -1			`const' handling compatible with gcc 1.x\n\
2456 -H			show new symbol after hash truncation\n\
2457 -h NUM			don't hash mixed-case names, and adjust case:\n\
2458 			0 = upper, 2 = lower, 3 = preserve case\n\
2459 -v\"VERSION\"		code being assembled was produced by compiler \"VERSION\"\n"));
2460 #endif
2461 }
2462 
2463 /* We have no need to default values of symbols.  */
2464 
2465 symbolS *
2466 md_undefined_symbol (char *name ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
2467 {
2468   return NULL;
2469 }
2470 
2471 /* Round up a section size to the appropriate boundary.  */
2472 valueT
2473 md_section_align (segT segment ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, valueT size)
2474 {
2475   /* Byte alignment is fine */
2476   return size;
2477 }
2478 
2479 /* Exactly what point is a PC-relative offset relative TO?
2480    On the vax, they're relative to the address of the offset, plus
2481    its size. */
2482 long
2483 md_pcrel_from (fixS *fixP)
2484 {
2485   return fixP->fx_size + fixP->fx_where + fixP->fx_frag->fr_address;
2486 }
2487 
2488 arelent *
2489 tc_gen_reloc (asection *section ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, fixS *fixp)
2490 {
2491   arelent *reloc;
2492   bfd_reloc_code_real_type code;
2493 
2494   if (fixp->fx_tcbit)
2495     abort ();
2496 
2497   if (fixp->fx_r_type != NO_RELOC)
2498     {
2499       code = fixp->fx_r_type;
2500 
2501       if (fixp->fx_pcrel)
2502 	{
2503 	  switch (code)
2504 	    {
2505 	    case BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL:
2506 	    case BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL:
2507 	    case BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL:
2508 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
2509 	    case BFD_RELOC_8_GOT_PCREL:
2510 	    case BFD_RELOC_16_GOT_PCREL:
2511 	    case BFD_RELOC_32_GOT_PCREL:
2512 	    case BFD_RELOC_8_PLT_PCREL:
2513 	    case BFD_RELOC_16_PLT_PCREL:
2514 	    case BFD_RELOC_32_PLT_PCREL:
2515 #endif
2516 	      break;
2517 	    default:
2518 	      as_bad_where (fixp->fx_file, fixp->fx_line,
2519 			    _("Cannot make %s relocation PC relative"),
2520 			    bfd_get_reloc_code_name (code));
2521 	    }
2522 	}
2523     }
2524   else
2525     {
2526 #define F(SZ,PCREL)		(((SZ) << 1) + (PCREL))
2527       switch (F (fixp->fx_size, fixp->fx_pcrel))
2528 	{
2529 #define MAP(SZ,PCREL,TYPE)	case F(SZ,PCREL): code = (TYPE); break
2530 	  MAP (1, 0, BFD_RELOC_8);
2531 	  MAP (2, 0, BFD_RELOC_16);
2532 	  MAP (4, 0, BFD_RELOC_32);
2533 	  MAP (1, 1, BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL);
2534 	  MAP (2, 1, BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL);
2535 	  MAP (4, 1, BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL);
2536 	default:
2537 	  abort ();
2538 	}
2539     }
2540 #undef F
2541 #undef MAP
2542 
2543   reloc = xmalloc (sizeof (arelent));
2544   reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = xmalloc (sizeof (asymbol *));
2545   *reloc->sym_ptr_ptr = symbol_get_bfdsym (fixp->fx_addsy);
2546   reloc->address = fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
2547 #ifndef OBJ_ELF
2548   if (fixp->fx_pcrel)
2549     reloc->addend = fixp->fx_addnumber;
2550   else
2551     reloc->addend = 0;
2552 #else
2553   reloc->addend = fixp->fx_offset;
2554 #endif
2555 
2556   reloc->howto = bfd_reloc_type_lookup (stdoutput, code);
2557   gas_assert (reloc->howto != 0);
2558 
2559   return reloc;
2560 }
2561 
2562 /* vax:md_assemble() emit frags for 1 instruction given in textual form.  */
2563 void
2564 md_assemble (char *instruction_string)
2565 {
2566   /* Non-zero if operand expression's segment is not known yet.  */
2567   int is_undefined;
2568   /* Non-zero if operand expression's segment is absolute.  */
2569   int is_absolute;
2570   int length_code;
2571   char *p;
2572   /* An operand. Scans all operands.  */
2573   struct vop *operandP;
2574   char *save_input_line_pointer;
2575 			/* What used to live after an expression.  */
2576   char c_save;
2577   /* 1: instruction_string bad for all passes.  */
2578   int goofed;
2579   /* Points to slot just after last operand.  */
2580   struct vop *end_operandP;
2581   /* Points to expression values for this operand.  */
2582   expressionS *expP;
2583   segT *segP;
2584 
2585   /* These refer to an instruction operand expression.  */
2586   /* Target segment of the address.	 */
2587   segT to_seg;
2588   valueT this_add_number;
2589   /* Positive (minuend) symbol.  */
2590   symbolS *this_add_symbol;
2591   /* As a number.  */
2592   long opcode_as_number;
2593   /* Least significant byte 1st.  */
2594   char *opcode_as_chars;
2595   /* As an array of characters.  */
2596   /* Least significant byte 1st */
2597   char *opcode_low_byteP;
2598   /* length (bytes) meant by vop_short.  */
2599   int length;
2600   /* 0, or 1 if '@' is in addressing mode.  */
2601   int at;
2602   /* From vop_nbytes: vax_operand_width (in bytes) */
2603   int nbytes;
2604   FLONUM_TYPE *floatP;
2605   LITTLENUM_TYPE literal_float[8];
2606   /* Big enough for any floating point literal.  */
2607 
2608   vip (&v, instruction_string);
2609 
2610   /* Now we try to find as many as_warn()s as we can. If we do any as_warn()s
2611      then goofed=1. Notice that we don't make any frags yet.
2612      Should goofed be 1, then this instruction will wedge in any pass,
2613      and we can safely flush it, without causing interpass symbol phase
2614      errors. That is, without changing label values in different passes.  */
2615   if ((goofed = (*v.vit_error)) != 0)
2616     {
2617       as_fatal (_("Ignoring statement due to \"%s\""), v.vit_error);
2618     }
2619   /* We need to use expression() and friends, which require us to diddle
2620      input_line_pointer. So we save it and restore it later.  */
2621   save_input_line_pointer = input_line_pointer;
2622   for (operandP = v.vit_operand,
2623        expP = exp_of_operand,
2624        segP = seg_of_operand,
2625        floatP = float_operand,
2626        end_operandP = v.vit_operand + v.vit_operands;
2627 
2628        operandP < end_operandP;
2629 
2630        operandP++, expP++, segP++, floatP++)
2631     {
2632       if (operandP->vop_error)
2633 	{
2634 	  as_fatal (_("Aborting because statement has \"%s\""), operandP->vop_error);
2635 	  goofed = 1;
2636 	}
2637       else
2638 	{
2639 	  /* Statement has no syntax goofs: let's sniff the expression.  */
2640 	  int can_be_short = 0;	/* 1 if a bignum can be reduced to a short literal.  */
2641 
2642 	  input_line_pointer = operandP->vop_expr_begin;
2643 	  c_save = operandP->vop_expr_end[1];
2644 	  operandP->vop_expr_end[1] = '\0';
2645 	  /* If to_seg == SEG_PASS1, expression() will have set need_pass_2 = 1.  */
2646 	  *segP = expression (expP);
2647 	  switch (expP->X_op)
2648 	    {
2649 	    case O_absent:
2650 	      /* for BSD4.2 compatibility, missing expression is absolute 0 */
2651 	      expP->X_op = O_constant;
2652 	      expP->X_add_number = 0;
2653 	      /* For SEG_ABSOLUTE, we shouldn't need to set X_op_symbol,
2654 		 X_add_symbol to any particular value.  But, we will program
2655 		 defensively. Since this situation occurs rarely so it costs
2656 		 us little to do, and stops Dean worrying about the origin of
2657 		 random bits in expressionS's.  */
2658 	      expP->X_add_symbol = NULL;
2659 	      expP->X_op_symbol = NULL;
2660 	      break;
2661 
2662 	    case O_symbol:
2663 	    case O_constant:
2664 	      break;
2665 
2666 	    default:
2667 	      /* Major bug. We can't handle the case of a
2668 	         SEG_OP expression in a VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC
2669 	         variable-length instruction.
2670 	         We don't have a frag type that is smart enough to
2671 	         relax a SEG_OP, and so we just force all
2672 	         SEG_OPs to behave like SEG_PASS1s.
2673 	         Clearly, if there is a demand we can invent a new or
2674 	         modified frag type and then coding up a frag for this
2675 	         case will be easy. SEG_OP was invented for the
2676 	         .words after a CASE opcode, and was never intended for
2677 	         instruction operands.  */
2678 	      need_pass_2 = 1;
2679 	      as_fatal (_("Can't relocate expression"));
2680 	      break;
2681 
2682 	    case O_big:
2683 	      /* Preserve the bits.  */
2684 	      if (expP->X_add_number > 0)
2685 		{
2686 		  bignum_copy (generic_bignum, expP->X_add_number,
2687 			       floatP->low, SIZE_OF_LARGE_NUMBER);
2688 		}
2689 	      else
2690 		{
2691 		  know (expP->X_add_number < 0);
2692 		  flonum_copy (&generic_floating_point_number,
2693 			       floatP);
2694 		  if (strchr ("s i", operandP->vop_short))
2695 		    {
2696 		      /* Could possibly become S^# */
2697 		      flonum_gen2vax (-expP->X_add_number, floatP, literal_float);
2698 		      switch (-expP->X_add_number)
2699 			{
2700 			case 'f':
2701 			  can_be_short =
2702 			    (literal_float[0] & 0xFC0F) == 0x4000
2703 			    && literal_float[1] == 0;
2704 			  break;
2705 
2706 			case 'd':
2707 			  can_be_short =
2708 			    (literal_float[0] & 0xFC0F) == 0x4000
2709 			    && literal_float[1] == 0
2710 			    && literal_float[2] == 0
2711 			    && literal_float[3] == 0;
2712 			  break;
2713 
2714 			case 'g':
2715 			  can_be_short =
2716 			    (literal_float[0] & 0xFF81) == 0x4000
2717 			    && literal_float[1] == 0
2718 			    && literal_float[2] == 0
2719 			    && literal_float[3] == 0;
2720 			  break;
2721 
2722 			case 'h':
2723 			  can_be_short = ((literal_float[0] & 0xFFF8) == 0x4000
2724 					  && (literal_float[1] & 0xE000) == 0
2725 					  && literal_float[2] == 0
2726 					  && literal_float[3] == 0
2727 					  && literal_float[4] == 0
2728 					  && literal_float[5] == 0
2729 					  && literal_float[6] == 0
2730 					  && literal_float[7] == 0);
2731 			  break;
2732 
2733 			default:
2734 			  BAD_CASE (-expP->X_add_number);
2735 			  break;
2736 			}
2737 		    }
2738 		}
2739 
2740 	      if (operandP->vop_short == 's'
2741 		  || operandP->vop_short == 'i'
2742 		  || (operandP->vop_short == ' '
2743 		      && operandP->vop_reg == 0xF
2744 		      && (operandP->vop_mode & 0xE) == 0x8))
2745 		{
2746 		  /* Saw a '#'.  */
2747 		  if (operandP->vop_short == ' ')
2748 		    {
2749 		      /* We must chose S^ or I^.  */
2750 		      if (expP->X_add_number > 0)
2751 			{
2752 			  /* Bignum: Short literal impossible.  */
2753 			  operandP->vop_short = 'i';
2754 			  operandP->vop_mode = 8;
2755 			  operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC.  */
2756 			}
2757 		      else
2758 			{
2759 			  /* Flonum: Try to do it.  */
2760 			  if (can_be_short)
2761 			    {
2762 			      operandP->vop_short = 's';
2763 			      operandP->vop_mode = 0;
2764 			      operandP->vop_ndx = -1;
2765 			      operandP->vop_reg = -1;
2766 			      expP->X_op = O_constant;
2767 			    }
2768 			  else
2769 			    {
2770 			      operandP->vop_short = 'i';
2771 			      operandP->vop_mode = 8;
2772 			      operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC */
2773 			    }
2774 			}	/* bignum or flonum ? */
2775 		    }		/*  if #, but no S^ or I^ seen.  */
2776 		  /* No more ' ' case: either 's' or 'i'.  */
2777 		  if (operandP->vop_short == 's')
2778 		    {
2779 		      /* Wants to be a short literal.  */
2780 		      if (expP->X_add_number > 0)
2781 			{
2782 			  as_warn (_("Bignum not permitted in short literal. Immediate mode assumed."));
2783 			  operandP->vop_short = 'i';
2784 			  operandP->vop_mode = 8;
2785 			  operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC.  */
2786 			}
2787 		      else
2788 			{
2789 			  if (!can_be_short)
2790 			    {
2791 			      as_warn (_("Can't do flonum short literal: immediate mode used."));
2792 			      operandP->vop_short = 'i';
2793 			      operandP->vop_mode = 8;
2794 			      operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;	/* VAX PC.  */
2795 			    }
2796 			  else
2797 			    {
2798 			      /* Encode short literal now.  */
2799 			      int temp = 0;
2800 
2801 			      switch (-expP->X_add_number)
2802 				{
2803 				case 'f':
2804 				case 'd':
2805 				  temp = literal_float[0] >> 4;
2806 				  break;
2807 
2808 				case 'g':
2809 				  temp = literal_float[0] >> 1;
2810 				  break;
2811 
2812 				case 'h':
2813 				  temp = ((literal_float[0] << 3) & 070)
2814 				    | ((literal_float[1] >> 13) & 07);
2815 				  break;
2816 
2817 				default:
2818 				  BAD_CASE (-expP->X_add_number);
2819 				  break;
2820 				}
2821 
2822 			      floatP->low[0] = temp & 077;
2823 			      floatP->low[1] = 0;
2824 			    }
2825 			}
2826 		    }
2827 		  else
2828 		    {
2829 		      /* I^# seen: set it up if float.  */
2830 		      if (expP->X_add_number < 0)
2831 			{
2832 			  memcpy (floatP->low, literal_float, sizeof (literal_float));
2833 			}
2834 		    }		/* if S^# seen.  */
2835 		}
2836 	      else
2837 		{
2838 		  as_warn (_("A bignum/flonum may not be a displacement: 0x%lx used"),
2839 			   (expP->X_add_number = 0x80000000L));
2840 		  /* Chosen so luser gets the most offset bits to patch later.  */
2841 		}
2842 	      expP->X_add_number = floatP->low[0]
2843 		| ((LITTLENUM_MASK & (floatP->low[1])) << LITTLENUM_NUMBER_OF_BITS);
2844 
2845 	      /* For the O_big case we have:
2846 	         If vop_short == 's' then a short floating literal is in the
2847 	        	lowest 6 bits of floatP -> low [0], which is
2848 	        	big_operand_bits [---] [0].
2849 	         If vop_short == 'i' then the appropriate number of elements
2850 	        	of big_operand_bits [---] [...] are set up with the correct
2851 	        	bits.
2852 	         Also, just in case width is byte word or long, we copy the lowest
2853 	         32 bits of the number to X_add_number.  */
2854 	      break;
2855 	    }
2856 	  if (input_line_pointer != operandP->vop_expr_end + 1)
2857 	    {
2858 	      as_fatal ("Junk at end of expression \"%s\"", input_line_pointer);
2859 	      goofed = 1;
2860 	    }
2861 	  operandP->vop_expr_end[1] = c_save;
2862 	}
2863     }
2864 
2865   input_line_pointer = save_input_line_pointer;
2866 
2867   if (need_pass_2 || goofed)
2868     return;
2869 
2870   dwarf2_emit_insn (0);
2871   /* Emit op-code.  */
2872   /* Remember where it is, in case we want to modify the op-code later.  */
2873   opcode_low_byteP = frag_more (v.vit_opcode_nbytes);
2874   memcpy (opcode_low_byteP, v.vit_opcode, v.vit_opcode_nbytes);
2875   opcode_as_chars = v.vit_opcode;
2876   opcode_as_number = md_chars_to_number ((unsigned char *) opcode_as_chars, 4);
2877   for (operandP = v.vit_operand,
2878        expP = exp_of_operand,
2879        segP = seg_of_operand,
2880        floatP = float_operand,
2881        end_operandP = v.vit_operand + v.vit_operands;
2882 
2883        operandP < end_operandP;
2884 
2885        operandP++,
2886        floatP++,
2887        segP++,
2888        expP++)
2889     {
2890       if (operandP->vop_ndx >= 0)
2891 	{
2892 	  /* Indexed addressing byte.  */
2893 	  /* Legality of indexed mode already checked: it is OK.  */
2894 	  FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR (0x40 + operandP->vop_ndx);
2895 	}			/* if(vop_ndx>=0) */
2896 
2897       /* Here to make main operand frag(s).  */
2898       this_add_number = expP->X_add_number;
2899       this_add_symbol = expP->X_add_symbol;
2900       to_seg = *segP;
2901       is_undefined = (to_seg == undefined_section);
2902       is_absolute = (to_seg == absolute_section);
2903       at = operandP->vop_mode & 1;
2904       length = (operandP->vop_short == 'b'
2905 		? 1 : (operandP->vop_short == 'w'
2906 		       ? 2 : (operandP->vop_short == 'l'
2907 			      ? 4 : 0)));
2908       nbytes = operandP->vop_nbytes;
2909       if (operandP->vop_access == 'b')
2910 	{
2911 	  if (to_seg == now_seg || is_undefined)
2912 	    {
2913 	      /* If is_undefined, then it might BECOME now_seg.  */
2914 	      if (nbytes)
2915 		{
2916 		  p = frag_more (nbytes);
2917 		  fix_new (frag_now, p - frag_now->fr_literal, nbytes,
2918 			   this_add_symbol, this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
2919 		}
2920 	      else
2921 		{
2922 		  /* to_seg==now_seg || to_seg == SEG_UNKNOWN */
2923 		  /* nbytes==0 */
2924 		  length_code = is_undefined ? STATE_UNDF : STATE_BYTE;
2925 		  if (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL)
2926 		    {
2927 		      if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP)
2928 			{
2929 			  /* br or jsb */
2930 			  frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 5, 1,
2931 			    ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_ALWAYS_BRANCH, length_code),
2932 				    this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
2933 				    opcode_low_byteP);
2934 			}
2935 		      else
2936 			{
2937 			  if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_WORD_JUMP)
2938 			    {
2939 			      length_code = STATE_WORD;
2940 			      /* JF: There is no state_byte for this one! */
2941 			      frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 10, 2,
2942 					ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_BRANCH, length_code),
2943 					this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
2944 					opcode_low_byteP);
2945 			    }
2946 			  else
2947 			    {
2948 			      know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_BYTE_JUMP);
2949 			      frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 9, 1,
2950 			      ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_COMPLEX_HOP, length_code),
2951 					this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
2952 					opcode_low_byteP);
2953 			    }
2954 			}
2955 		    }
2956 		  else
2957 		    {
2958 		      know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_CONDITIONAL_JUMP);
2959 		      frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 7, 1,
2960 		       ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_CONDITIONAL_BRANCH, length_code),
2961 				this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
2962 				opcode_low_byteP);
2963 		    }
2964 		}
2965 	    }
2966 	  else
2967 	    {
2968 	      /* to_seg != now_seg && to_seg != SEG_UNKNOWN */
2969 	      /* --- SEG FLOAT MAY APPEAR HERE ---  */
2970 	      if (is_absolute)
2971 		{
2972 		  if (nbytes)
2973 		    {
2974 		      know (!(opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC));
2975 		      p = frag_more (nbytes);
2976 		      /* Conventional relocation.  */
2977 		      fix_new (frag_now, p - frag_now->fr_literal, nbytes,
2978 			       section_symbol (absolute_section),
2979 			       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
2980 		    }
2981 		  else
2982 		    {
2983 		      know (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC);
2984 		      if (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL)
2985 			{
2986 			  if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP)
2987 			    {
2988 			      /* br or jsb */
2989 			      *opcode_low_byteP = opcode_as_chars[0] + VAX_WIDEN_LONG;
2990 			      know (opcode_as_chars[1] == 0);
2991 			      p = frag_more (5);
2992 			      p[0] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
2993 			      md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, 4);
2994 			      /* Now (eg) JMP @#foo or JSB @#foo.  */
2995 			    }
2996 			  else
2997 			    {
2998 			      if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_WORD_JUMP)
2999 				{
3000 				  p = frag_more (10);
3001 				  p[0] = 2;
3002 				  p[1] = 0;
3003 				  p[2] = VAX_BRB;
3004 				  p[3] = 6;
3005 				  p[4] = VAX_JMP;
3006 				  p[5] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
3007 				  md_number_to_chars (p + 6, this_add_number, 4);
3008 				  /* Now (eg)	ACBx	1f
3009 				    		BRB	2f
3010 				    	1:	JMP	@#foo
3011 				    	2:  */
3012 				}
3013 			      else
3014 				{
3015 				  know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_BYTE_JUMP);
3016 				  p = frag_more (9);
3017 				  p[0] = 2;
3018 				  p[1] = VAX_BRB;
3019 				  p[2] = 6;
3020 				  p[3] = VAX_JMP;
3021                                   p[4] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;     /* @#...  */
3022 				  md_number_to_chars (p + 5, this_add_number, 4);
3023 				  /* Now (eg)	xOBxxx	1f
3024 				   		BRB	2f
3025 				   	1:	JMP	@#foo
3026 				   	2:  */
3027 				}
3028 			    }
3029 			}
3030 		      else
3031 			{
3032 			  /* b<cond> */
3033 			  *opcode_low_byteP ^= 1;
3034 			  /* To reverse the condition in a VAX branch,
3035 			     complement the lowest order bit.  */
3036 			  p = frag_more (7);
3037 			  p[0] = 6;
3038 			  p[1] = VAX_JMP;
3039 			  p[2] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
3040 			  md_number_to_chars (p + 3, this_add_number, 4);
3041 			  /* Now (eg)	BLEQ	1f
3042 			   		JMP	@#foo
3043 			   	1:  */
3044 			}
3045 		    }
3046 		}
3047 	      else
3048 		{
3049 		  /* to_seg != now_seg && !is_undefinfed && !is_absolute */
3050 		  if (nbytes > 0)
3051 		    {
3052 		      /* Pc-relative. Conventional relocation.  */
3053 		      know (!(opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC));
3054 		      p = frag_more (nbytes);
3055 		      fix_new (frag_now, p - frag_now->fr_literal, nbytes,
3056 			       section_symbol (absolute_section),
3057 			       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
3058 		    }
3059 		  else
3060 		    {
3061 		      know (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SYNTHETIC);
3062 		      if (opcode_as_number & VIT_OPCODE_SPECIAL)
3063 			{
3064 			  if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP)
3065 			    {
3066 			      /* br or jsb */
3067 			      know (opcode_as_chars[1] == 0);
3068 			      *opcode_low_byteP = opcode_as_chars[0] + VAX_WIDEN_LONG;
3069 			      p = frag_more (5);
3070 			      p[0] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
3071 			      fix_new (frag_now,
3072 				       p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal, 4,
3073 				       this_add_symbol,
3074 				       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
3075 			      /* Now eg JMP foo or JSB foo.  */
3076 			    }
3077 			  else
3078 			    {
3079 			      if (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_WORD_JUMP)
3080 				{
3081 				  p = frag_more (10);
3082 				  p[0] = 0;
3083 				  p[1] = 2;
3084 				  p[2] = VAX_BRB;
3085 				  p[3] = 6;
3086 				  p[4] = VAX_JMP;
3087 				  p[5] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
3088 				  fix_new (frag_now,
3089 					   p + 6 - frag_now->fr_literal, 4,
3090 					   this_add_symbol,
3091 					   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
3092 				  /* Now (eg)	ACBx	1f
3093 				   		BRB	2f
3094 				   	1:	JMP	foo
3095 				   	2:  */
3096 				}
3097 			      else
3098 				{
3099 				  know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_BYTE_JUMP);
3100 				  p = frag_more (10);
3101 				  p[0] = 2;
3102 				  p[1] = VAX_BRB;
3103 				  p[2] = 6;
3104 				  p[3] = VAX_JMP;
3105 				  p[4] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
3106 				  fix_new (frag_now,
3107 					   p + 5 - frag_now->fr_literal,
3108 					   4, this_add_symbol,
3109 					   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
3110 				  /* Now (eg)	xOBxxx	1f
3111 				   		BRB	2f
3112 				   	1:	JMP	foo
3113 				   	2:  */
3114 				}
3115 			    }
3116 			}
3117 		      else
3118 			{
3119 			  know (operandP->vop_width == VAX_WIDTH_CONDITIONAL_JUMP);
3120 			  *opcode_low_byteP ^= 1;	/* Reverse branch condition.  */
3121 			  p = frag_more (7);
3122 			  p[0] = 6;
3123 			  p[1] = VAX_JMP;
3124 			  p[2] = VAX_PC_RELATIVE_MODE;
3125 			  fix_new (frag_now, p + 3 - frag_now->fr_literal,
3126 				   4, this_add_symbol,
3127 				   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
3128 			}
3129 		    }
3130 		}
3131 	    }
3132 	}
3133       else
3134 	{
3135 	  /* So it is ordinary operand.  */
3136 	  know (operandP->vop_access != 'b');
3137 	  /* ' ' target-independent: elsewhere.  */
3138 	  know (operandP->vop_access != ' ');
3139 	  know (operandP->vop_access == 'a'
3140 		|| operandP->vop_access == 'm'
3141 		|| operandP->vop_access == 'r'
3142 		|| operandP->vop_access == 'v'
3143 		|| operandP->vop_access == 'w');
3144 	  if (operandP->vop_short == 's')
3145 	    {
3146 	      if (is_absolute)
3147 		{
3148 		  if (this_add_number >= 64)
3149 		    {
3150 		      as_warn (_("Short literal overflow(%ld.), immediate mode assumed."),
3151 			       (long) this_add_number);
3152 		      operandP->vop_short = 'i';
3153 		      operandP->vop_mode = 8;
3154 		      operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;
3155 		    }
3156 		}
3157 	      else
3158 		{
3159 		  as_warn (_("Forced short literal to immediate mode. now_seg=%s to_seg=%s"),
3160 			   segment_name (now_seg), segment_name (to_seg));
3161 		  operandP->vop_short = 'i';
3162 		  operandP->vop_mode = 8;
3163 		  operandP->vop_reg = 0xF;
3164 		}
3165 	    }
3166 	  if (operandP->vop_reg >= 0 && (operandP->vop_mode < 8
3167 		  || (operandP->vop_reg != 0xF && operandP->vop_mode < 10)))
3168 	    {
3169 	      /* One byte operand.  */
3170 	      know (operandP->vop_mode > 3);
3171 	      FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR (operandP->vop_mode << 4 | operandP->vop_reg);
3172 	      /* All 1-bytes except S^# happen here.  */
3173 	    }
3174 	  else
3175 	    {
3176 	      /* {@}{q^}foo{(Rn)} or S^#foo */
3177 	      if (operandP->vop_reg == -1 && operandP->vop_short != 's')
3178 		{
3179 		  /* "{@}{q^}foo" */
3180 		  if (to_seg == now_seg)
3181 		    {
3182 		      if (length == 0)
3183 			{
3184 			  know (operandP->vop_short == ' ');
3185 			  length_code = STATE_BYTE;
3186 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
3187 			  if (S_IS_EXTERNAL (this_add_symbol)
3188 			      || S_IS_WEAK (this_add_symbol))
3189 			    length_code = STATE_UNDF;
3190 #endif
3191 			  p = frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 10, 2,
3192 			       ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, length_code),
3193 					this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
3194 					opcode_low_byteP);
3195 			  know (operandP->vop_mode == 10 + at);
3196 			  *p = at << 4;
3197 			  /* At is the only context we need to carry
3198 			     to other side of relax() process.  Must
3199 			     be in the correct bit position of VAX
3200 			     operand spec. byte.  */
3201 			}
3202 		      else
3203 			{
3204 			  know (length);
3205 			  know (operandP->vop_short != ' ');
3206 			  p = frag_more (length + 1);
3207 			  p[0] = 0xF | ((at + "?\12\14?\16"[length]) << 4);
3208 			  fix_new (frag_now, p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
3209 				   length, this_add_symbol,
3210 				   this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
3211 			}
3212 		    }
3213 		  else
3214 		    {
3215 		      /* to_seg != now_seg */
3216 		      if (this_add_symbol == NULL)
3217 			{
3218 			  know (is_absolute);
3219 			  /* Do @#foo: simpler relocation than foo-.(pc) anyway.  */
3220 			  p = frag_more (5);
3221 			  p[0] = VAX_ABSOLUTE_MODE;	/* @#...  */
3222 			  md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, 4);
3223 			  if (length && length != 4)
3224 			    as_warn (_("Length specification ignored. Address mode 9F used"));
3225 			}
3226 		      else
3227 			{
3228 			  /* {@}{q^}other_seg */
3229 			  know ((length == 0 && operandP->vop_short == ' ')
3230 			     || (length > 0 && operandP->vop_short != ' '));
3231 			  if (is_undefined
3232 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
3233 			      || S_IS_WEAK(this_add_symbol)
3234 			      || S_IS_EXTERNAL(this_add_symbol)
3235 #endif
3236 			      )
3237 			    {
3238 			      switch (length)
3239 				{
3240 				default: length_code = STATE_UNDF; break;
3241 				case 1: length_code = STATE_BYTE; break;
3242 				case 2: length_code = STATE_WORD; break;
3243 				case 4: length_code = STATE_LONG; break;
3244 				}
3245 			      /* We have a SEG_UNKNOWN symbol. It might
3246 			         turn out to be in the same segment as
3247 			         the instruction, permitting relaxation.  */
3248 			      p = frag_var (rs_machine_dependent, 5, 2,
3249 			       ENCODE_RELAX (STATE_PC_RELATIVE, length_code),
3250 					    this_add_symbol, this_add_number,
3251 					    opcode_low_byteP);
3252 			      p[0] = at << 4;
3253 			    }
3254 			  else
3255 			    {
3256 			      if (length == 0)
3257 				{
3258 				  know (operandP->vop_short == ' ');
3259 				  length = 4;	/* Longest possible.  */
3260 				}
3261 			      p = frag_more (length + 1);
3262 			      p[0] = 0xF | ((at + "?\12\14?\16"[length]) << 4);
3263 			      md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, length);
3264 			      fix_new (frag_now,
3265 				       p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
3266 				       length, this_add_symbol,
3267 				       this_add_number, 1, NO_RELOC);
3268 			    }
3269 			}
3270 		    }
3271 		}
3272 	      else
3273 		{
3274 		  /* {@}{q^}foo(Rn) or S^# or I^# or # */
3275 		  if (operandP->vop_mode < 0xA)
3276 		    {
3277 		      /* # or S^# or I^# */
3278 		      if (operandP->vop_access == 'v'
3279 			  || operandP->vop_access == 'a')
3280 			{
3281 			  if (operandP->vop_access == 'v')
3282 			    as_warn (_("Invalid operand:  immediate value used as base address."));
3283 			  else
3284 			    as_warn (_("Invalid operand:  immediate value used as address."));
3285 			  /* gcc 2.6.3 is known to generate these in at least
3286 			     one case.  */
3287 			}
3288 		      if (length == 0
3289 			  && is_absolute && (expP->X_op != O_big)
3290 			  && operandP->vop_mode == 8	/* No '@'.  */
3291 			  && this_add_number < 64)
3292 			{
3293 			  operandP->vop_short = 's';
3294 			}
3295 		      if (operandP->vop_short == 's')
3296 			{
3297 			  FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR (this_add_number);
3298 			}
3299 		      else
3300 			{
3301 			  /* I^#...  */
3302 			  know (nbytes);
3303 			  p = frag_more (nbytes + 1);
3304 			  know (operandP->vop_reg == 0xF);
3305 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
3306 			  if (flag_want_pic && operandP->vop_mode == 8
3307 				&& this_add_symbol != NULL)
3308 			    {
3309 			      as_warn (_("Symbol '%s' used as immediate operand in PIC mode."),
3310 				       S_GET_NAME (this_add_symbol));
3311 			    }
3312 #endif
3313 			  p[0] = (operandP->vop_mode << 4) | 0xF;
3314 			  if ((is_absolute) && (expP->X_op != O_big))
3315 			    {
3316 			      /* If nbytes > 4, then we are scrod. We
3317 			         don't know if the high order bytes
3318 			         are to be 0xFF or 0x00.  BSD4.2 & RMS
3319 			         say use 0x00. OK --- but this
3320 			         assembler needs ANOTHER rewrite to
3321 			         cope properly with this bug.  */
3322 			      md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number,
3323 						  min (sizeof (valueT),
3324 						       (size_t) nbytes));
3325 			      if ((size_t) nbytes > sizeof (valueT))
3326 				memset (p + 1 + sizeof (valueT),
3327 				        '\0', nbytes - sizeof (valueT));
3328 			    }
3329 			  else
3330 			    {
3331 			      if (expP->X_op == O_big)
3332 				{
3333 				  /* Problem here is to get the bytes
3334 				     in the right order.  We stored
3335 				     our constant as LITTLENUMs, not
3336 				     bytes.  */
3337 				  LITTLENUM_TYPE *lP;
3338 
3339 				  lP = floatP->low;
3340 				  if (nbytes & 1)
3341 				    {
3342 				      know (nbytes == 1);
3343 				      p[1] = *lP;
3344 				    }
3345 				  else
3346 				    {
3347 				      for (p++; nbytes; nbytes -= 2, p += 2, lP++)
3348 					md_number_to_chars (p, *lP, 2);
3349 				    }
3350 				}
3351 			      else
3352 				{
3353 				  fix_new (frag_now, p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
3354 					   nbytes, this_add_symbol,
3355 					   this_add_number, 0, NO_RELOC);
3356 				}
3357 			    }
3358 			}
3359 		    }
3360 		  else
3361 		    {
3362 		      /* {@}{q^}foo(Rn) */
3363 		      know ((length == 0 && operandP->vop_short == ' ')
3364 			    || (length > 0 && operandP->vop_short != ' '));
3365 		      if (length == 0)
3366 			{
3367 			  if (is_absolute)
3368 			    {
3369 			      long test;
3370 
3371 			      test = this_add_number;
3372 
3373 			      if (test < 0)
3374 				test = ~test;
3375 
3376 			      length = test & 0xffff8000 ? 4
3377 				: test & 0xffffff80 ? 2
3378 				: 1;
3379 			    }
3380 			  else
3381 			    {
3382 			      length = 4;
3383 			    }
3384 			}
3385 #ifdef OBJ_ELF
3386 		      if (flag_want_pic && this_add_symbol != NULL)
3387 		        {
3388 			  as_warn (_("Symbol '%s' used as displacement in PIC mode."),
3389 			       S_GET_NAME (this_add_symbol));
3390 		        }
3391 #endif
3392 		      p = frag_more (1 + length);
3393 		      know (operandP->vop_reg != 0xf);
3394 		      know (operandP->vop_reg >= 0);
3395 		      p[0] = operandP->vop_reg
3396 			| ((at | "?\12\14?\16"[length]) << 4);
3397 		      if (is_absolute)
3398 			{
3399 			  md_number_to_chars (p + 1, this_add_number, length);
3400 			}
3401 		      else
3402 			{
3403 			  fix_new (frag_now, p + 1 - frag_now->fr_literal,
3404 				   length, this_add_symbol,
3405 				   this_add_number, 0, NO_RELOC);
3406 			}
3407 		    }
3408 		}
3409 	    }
3410 	}
3411     }
3412 }
3413 
3414 void
3415 md_begin (void)
3416 {
3417   const char *errtxt;
3418   FLONUM_TYPE *fP;
3419   int i;
3420 
3421   if ((errtxt = vip_begin (1, "$", "*", "`")) != 0)
3422     as_fatal (_("VIP_BEGIN error:%s"), errtxt);
3423 
3424   for (i = 0, fP = float_operand;
3425        fP < float_operand + VIT_MAX_OPERANDS;
3426        i++, fP++)
3427     {
3428       fP->low = &big_operand_bits[i][0];
3429       fP->high = &big_operand_bits[i][SIZE_OF_LARGE_NUMBER - 1];
3430     }
3431 }
3432 
3433 bfd_reloc_code_real_type
3434 vax_cons (expressionS *exp, int size)
3435 {
3436   char *save;
3437   char *vax_cons_special_reloc;
3438 
3439   SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
3440   vax_cons_special_reloc = NULL;
3441   save = input_line_pointer;
3442   if (input_line_pointer[0] == '%')
3443     {
3444       if (strncmp (input_line_pointer + 1, "pcrel", 5) == 0)
3445 	{
3446 	  input_line_pointer += 6;
3447 	  vax_cons_special_reloc = "pcrel";
3448 	}
3449       if (vax_cons_special_reloc)
3450 	{
3451 	  int bad = 0;
3452 
3453 	  switch (size)
3454 	    {
3455 	    case 1:
3456 	      if (*input_line_pointer != '8')
3457 		bad = 1;
3458 	      input_line_pointer--;
3459 	      break;
3460 	    case 2:
3461 	      if (input_line_pointer[0] != '1' || input_line_pointer[1] != '6')
3462 		bad = 1;
3463 	      break;
3464 	    case 4:
3465 	      if (input_line_pointer[0] != '3' || input_line_pointer[1] != '2')
3466 		bad = 1;
3467 	      break;
3468 	    default:
3469 	      bad = 1;
3470 	      break;
3471 	    }
3472 
3473 	  if (bad)
3474 	    {
3475 	      as_bad (_("Illegal operands: Only %%r_%s%d allowed in %d-byte data fields"),
3476 		      vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8, size);
3477 	    }
3478 	  else
3479 	    {
3480 	      input_line_pointer += 2;
3481 	      if (*input_line_pointer != '(')
3482 		{
3483 		  as_bad (_("Illegal operands: %%r_%s%d requires arguments in ()"),
3484 			  vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
3485 		  bad = 1;
3486 		}
3487 	    }
3488 
3489 	  if (bad)
3490 	    {
3491 	      input_line_pointer = save;
3492 	      vax_cons_special_reloc = NULL;
3493 	    }
3494 	  else
3495 	    {
3496 	      int c;
3497 	      char *end = ++input_line_pointer;
3498 	      int npar = 0;
3499 
3500 	      while (! is_end_of_line[(c = *end)])
3501 		{
3502 		  if (c == '(')
3503 	  	    npar++;
3504 		  else if (c == ')')
3505 	  	    {
3506 		      if (!npar)
3507 	      		break;
3508 		      npar--;
3509 		    }
3510 	    	  end++;
3511 		}
3512 
3513 	      if (c != ')')
3514 		as_bad (_("Illegal operands: %%r_%s%d requires arguments in ()"),
3515 			vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
3516 	      else
3517 		{
3518 		  *end = '\0';
3519 		  expression (exp);
3520 		  *end = c;
3521 		  if (input_line_pointer != end)
3522 		    {
3523 		      as_bad (_("Illegal operands: %%r_%s%d requires arguments in ()"),
3524 			      vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
3525 		    }
3526 		  else
3527 		    {
3528 		      input_line_pointer++;
3529 		      SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
3530 		      c = *input_line_pointer;
3531 		      if (! is_end_of_line[c] && c != ',')
3532 			as_bad (_("Illegal operands: garbage after %%r_%s%d()"),
3533 			        vax_cons_special_reloc, size * 8);
3534 		    }
3535 		}
3536 	    }
3537 	}
3538     }
3539   if (vax_cons_special_reloc == NULL)
3540     expression (exp);
3541   else
3542     switch (size)
3543       {
3544       case 1: return BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL;
3545       case 2: return BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL;
3546       case 4: return BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL;
3547       }
3548   return NO_RELOC;
3549 }
3550 
3551 /* This is called by emit_expr via TC_CONS_FIX_NEW when creating a
3552    reloc for a cons.  */
3553 
3554 void
3555 vax_cons_fix_new (fragS *frag, int where, unsigned int nbytes, expressionS *exp,
3556 		  bfd_reloc_code_real_type r)
3557 {
3558   if (r == NO_RELOC)
3559     r = (nbytes == 1 ? BFD_RELOC_8
3560 	 : nbytes == 2 ? BFD_RELOC_16
3561 	 : BFD_RELOC_32);
3562 
3563   fix_new_exp (frag, where, (int) nbytes, exp, 0, r);
3564 }
3565 
3566 char *
3567 md_atof (int type, char * litP, int * sizeP)
3568 {
3569   return vax_md_atof (type, litP, sizeP);
3570 }
3571 
3572 void
3573 vax_cfi_frame_initial_instructions (void)
3574 {
3575   cfi_add_CFA_def_cfa (14, 0);
3576 }
3577 
3578 int
3579 tc_vax_regname_to_dw2regnum (char *regname)
3580 {
3581   unsigned int i;
3582   static const struct { char *name; int dw2regnum; } regnames[] =
3583     {
3584       { "r0",   0 }, { "r1",  1 }, { "r2",   2 }, { "r3",   3 },
3585       { "r4",   4 }, { "r5",  5 }, { "r6",   6 }, { "r7",   7 },
3586       { "r8",   8 }, { "r9",  9 }, { "r10", 10 }, { "r11", 11 },
3587       { "ap",  12 }, { "fp", 13 }, { "sp",  14 }, { "pc",  15 },
3588       { "psw", 16 },
3589     };
3590 
3591   for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (regnames); ++i)
3592     if (strcmp (regnames[i].name, regname) == 0)
3593       return regnames[i].dw2regnum;
3594 
3595   return -1;
3596 }
3597 
3598 void
3599 vax_cfi_emit_pcrel_expr (expressionS *expP, unsigned int nbytes)
3600 {
3601   expP->X_add_number += nbytes;
3602   emit_expr (expP, nbytes);
3603 }
3604