xref: /netbsd-src/external/bsd/tcpdump/dist/tcpdump.c (revision cc576e1d8e4f4078fd4e81238abca9fca216f6ec)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
7  * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
8  * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
9  * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
10  * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
11  * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
12  * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
13  * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
14  * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
15  * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
16  * written permission.
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
18  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
20  *
21  * Support for splitting captures into multiple files with a maximum
22  * file size:
23  *
24  * Copyright (c) 2001
25  *	Seth Webster <swebster@sst.ll.mit.edu>
26  */
27 
28 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
29 #ifndef lint
30 static const char copyright[] _U_ =
31     "@(#) Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000\n\
32 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
33 __RCSID("$NetBSD: tcpdump.c,v 1.14 2017/01/30 13:15:43 christos Exp $");
34 #endif
35 
36 /*
37  * tcpdump - dump traffic on a network
38  *
39  * First written in 1987 by Van Jacobson, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
40  * Mercilessly hacked and occasionally improved since then via the
41  * combined efforts of Van, Steve McCanne and Craig Leres of LBL.
42  */
43 
44 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
45 #include "config.h"
46 #endif
47 
48 /*
49  * Mac OS X may ship pcap.h from libpcap 0.6 with a libpcap based on
50  * 0.8.  That means it has pcap_findalldevs() but the header doesn't
51  * define pcap_if_t, meaning that we can't actually *use* pcap_findalldevs().
52  */
53 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
54 #ifndef HAVE_PCAP_IF_T
55 #undef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
56 #endif
57 #endif
58 
59 #include <netdissect-stdinc.h>
60 
61 #ifdef USE_LIBSMI
62 #include <smi.h>
63 #endif
64 
65 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
66 #include <openssl/crypto.h>
67 #endif
68 
69 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
70 #include <getopt.h>
71 #else
72 #include "getopt_long.h"
73 #endif
74 /* Capsicum-specific code requires macros from <net/bpf.h>, which will fail
75  * to compile if <pcap.h> has already been included; including the headers
76  * in the opposite order works fine.
77  */
78 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
79 #include <sys/capability.h>
80 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
81 #include <net/bpf.h>
82 #include <fcntl.h>
83 #include <libgen.h>
84 #endif	/* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
85 #include <pcap.h>
86 #include <signal.h>
87 #include <stdio.h>
88 #include <stdlib.h>
89 #include <string.h>
90 #include <limits.h>
91 #include <resolv.h>
92 #ifndef _WIN32
93 #include <sys/wait.h>
94 #include <sys/resource.h>
95 #include <pwd.h>
96 #include <grp.h>
97 #endif /* _WIN32 */
98 
99 /* capabilities convenience library */
100 /* If a code depends on HAVE_LIBCAP_NG, it depends also on HAVE_CAP_NG_H.
101  * If HAVE_CAP_NG_H is not defined, undefine HAVE_LIBCAP_NG.
102  * Thus, the later tests are done only on HAVE_LIBCAP_NG.
103  */
104 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
105 #ifdef HAVE_CAP_NG_H
106 #include <cap-ng.h>
107 #else
108 #undef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
109 #endif /* HAVE_CAP_NG_H */
110 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
111 
112 #include "netdissect.h"
113 #include "interface.h"
114 #include "addrtoname.h"
115 #include "machdep.h"
116 #include "setsignal.h"
117 #include "gmt2local.h"
118 #include "pcap-missing.h"
119 #include "ascii_strcasecmp.h"
120 
121 #include "print.h"
122 
123 #ifndef PATH_MAX
124 #define PATH_MAX 1024
125 #endif
126 
127 #ifdef SIGINFO
128 #define SIGNAL_REQ_INFO SIGINFO
129 #elif SIGUSR1
130 #define SIGNAL_REQ_INFO SIGUSR1
131 #endif
132 
133 static int Cflag;			/* rotate dump files after this many bytes */
134 static int Cflag_count;			/* Keep track of which file number we're writing */
135 static int Dflag;			/* list available devices and exit */
136 /*
137  * This is exported because, in some versions of libpcap, if libpcap
138  * is built with optimizer debugging code (which is *NOT* the default
139  * configuration!), the library *imports*(!) a variable named dflag,
140  * under the expectation that tcpdump is exporting it, to govern
141  * how much debugging information to print when optimizing
142  * the generated BPF code.
143  *
144  * This is a horrible hack; newer versions of libpcap don't import
145  * dflag but, instead, *if* built with optimizer debugging code,
146  * *export* a routine to set that flag.
147  */
148 int dflag;				/* print filter code */
149 static int Gflag;			/* rotate dump files after this many seconds */
150 static int Gflag_count;			/* number of files created with Gflag rotation */
151 static time_t Gflag_time;		/* The last time_t the dump file was rotated. */
152 static int Lflag;			/* list available data link types and exit */
153 static int Iflag;			/* rfmon (monitor) mode */
154 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
155 static int Jflag;			/* list available time stamp types */
156 #endif
157 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
158 int Qflag = -1;				/* restrict captured packet by send/receive direction */
159 #endif
160 static int Uflag;			/* "unbuffered" output of dump files */
161 static int Wflag;			/* recycle output files after this number of files */
162 static int WflagChars;
163 static char *zflag = NULL;		/* compress each savefile using a specified command (like gzip or bzip2) */
164 
165 static int infodelay;
166 static int infoprint;
167 
168 char *program_name;
169 
170 /* Forwards */
171 static RETSIGTYPE cleanup(int);
172 static RETSIGTYPE child_cleanup(int);
173 static void print_version(void);
174 static void print_usage(void);
175 static void show_tstamp_types_and_exit(const char *device) __attribute__((noreturn));
176 static void show_dlts_and_exit(const char *device) __attribute__((noreturn));
177 
178 static void print_packet(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
179 static void dump_packet_and_trunc(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
180 static void dump_packet(u_char *, const struct pcap_pkthdr *, const u_char *);
181 static void droproot(const char *, const char *);
182 
183 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
184 RETSIGTYPE requestinfo(int);
185 #endif
186 
187 #if defined(USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER)
188   #include <MMsystem.h>
189   static UINT timer_id;
190   static void CALLBACK verbose_stats_dump(UINT, UINT, DWORD_PTR, DWORD_PTR, DWORD_PTR);
191 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
192   static void verbose_stats_dump(int sig);
193 #endif
194 
195 static void info(int);
196 static u_int packets_captured;
197 
198 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
199 static const struct tok status_flags[] = {
200 #ifdef PCAP_IF_UP
201 	{ PCAP_IF_UP,       "Up"       },
202 #endif
203 #ifdef PCAP_IF_RUNNING
204 	{ PCAP_IF_RUNNING,  "Running"  },
205 #endif
206 	{ PCAP_IF_LOOPBACK, "Loopback" },
207 	{ 0, NULL }
208 };
209 #endif
210 
211 static pcap_t *pd;
212 
213 static int supports_monitor_mode;
214 
215 extern int optind;
216 extern int opterr;
217 extern char *optarg;
218 
219 struct dump_info {
220 	char	*WFileName;
221 	char	*CurrentFileName;
222 	pcap_t	*pd;
223 	pcap_dumper_t *p;
224 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
225 	int	dirfd;
226 #endif
227 };
228 
229 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG)
230 /*
231  * We have pcap_set_parser_debug() in libpcap; declare it (it's not declared
232  * by any libpcap header, because it's a special hack, only available if
233  * libpcap was configured to include it, and only intended for use by
234  * libpcap developers trying to debug the parser for filter expressions).
235  */
236 #ifdef _WIN32
237 __declspec(dllimport)
238 #else /* _WIN32 */
239 extern
240 #endif /* _WIN32 */
241 void pcap_set_parser_debug(int);
242 #elif defined(HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG) || defined(HAVE_YYDEBUG)
243 /*
244  * We don't have pcap_set_parser_debug() in libpcap, but we do have
245  * pcap_debug or yydebug.  Make a local version of pcap_set_parser_debug()
246  * to set the flag, and define HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG.
247  */
248 static void
249 pcap_set_parser_debug(int value)
250 {
251 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG
252 	extern int pcap_debug;
253 
254 	pcap_debug = value;
255 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG */
256 	extern int yydebug;
257 
258 	yydebug = value;
259 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_DEBUG */
260 }
261 
262 #define HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
263 #endif
264 
265 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_SET_OPTIMIZER_DEBUG)
266 /*
267  * We have pcap_set_optimizer_debug() in libpcap; declare it (it's not declared
268  * by any libpcap header, because it's a special hack, only available if
269  * libpcap was configured to include it, and only intended for use by
270  * libpcap developers trying to debug the optimizer for filter expressions).
271  */
272 #ifdef _WIN32
273 __declspec(dllimport)
274 #else /* _WIN32 */
275 extern
276 #endif /* _WIN32 */
277 void pcap_set_optimizer_debug(int);
278 #endif
279 
280 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
281 static void
282 show_tstamp_types_and_exit(const char *device)
283 {
284 	int n_tstamp_types;
285 	int *tstamp_types = 0;
286 	const char *tstamp_type_name;
287 	int i;
288 
289 	n_tstamp_types = pcap_list_tstamp_types(pd, &tstamp_types);
290 	if (n_tstamp_types < 0)
291 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
292 
293 	if (n_tstamp_types == 0) {
294 		fprintf(stderr, "Time stamp type cannot be set for %s\n",
295 		    device);
296 		exit(0);
297 	}
298 	fprintf(stderr, "Time stamp types for %s (use option -j to set):\n",
299 	    device);
300 	for (i = 0; i < n_tstamp_types; i++) {
301 		tstamp_type_name = pcap_tstamp_type_val_to_name(tstamp_types[i]);
302 		if (tstamp_type_name != NULL) {
303 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %s (%s)\n", tstamp_type_name,
304 			    pcap_tstamp_type_val_to_description(tstamp_types[i]));
305 		} else {
306 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %d\n", tstamp_types[i]);
307 		}
308 	}
309 	pcap_free_tstamp_types(tstamp_types);
310 	exit(0);
311 }
312 #endif
313 
314 static void
315 show_dlts_and_exit(const char *device)
316 {
317 	int n_dlts, i;
318 	int *dlts = 0;
319 	const char *dlt_name;
320 
321 	n_dlts = pcap_list_datalinks(pd, &dlts);
322 	if (n_dlts < 0)
323 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
324 	else if (n_dlts == 0 || !dlts)
325 		error("No data link types.");
326 
327 	/*
328 	 * If the interface is known to support monitor mode, indicate
329 	 * whether these are the data link types available when not in
330 	 * monitor mode, if -I wasn't specified, or when in monitor mode,
331 	 * when -I was specified (the link-layer types available in
332 	 * monitor mode might be different from the ones available when
333 	 * not in monitor mode).
334 	 */
335 	if (supports_monitor_mode)
336 		(void) fprintf(stderr, "Data link types for %s %s (use option -y to set):\n",
337 		    device,
338 		    Iflag ? "when in monitor mode" : "when not in monitor mode");
339 	else
340 		(void) fprintf(stderr, "Data link types for %s (use option -y to set):\n",
341 		    device);
342 
343 	for (i = 0; i < n_dlts; i++) {
344 		dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlts[i]);
345 		if (dlt_name != NULL) {
346 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %s (%s)", dlt_name,
347 			    pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlts[i]));
348 
349 			/*
350 			 * OK, does tcpdump handle that type?
351 			 */
352 			if (!has_printer(dlts[i]))
353 				(void) fprintf(stderr, " (printing not supported)");
354 			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
355 		} else {
356 			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  DLT %d (printing not supported)\n",
357 			    dlts[i]);
358 		}
359 	}
360 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FREE_DATALINKS
361 	pcap_free_datalinks(dlts);
362 #endif
363 	exit(0);
364 }
365 
366 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
367 static void
368 show_devices_and_exit (void)
369 {
370 	pcap_if_t *dev, *devlist;
371 	char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
372 	int i;
373 
374 	if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) < 0)
375 		error("%s", ebuf);
376 	for (i = 0, dev = devlist; dev != NULL; i++, dev = dev->next) {
377 		printf("%d.%s", i+1, dev->name);
378 		if (dev->description != NULL)
379 			printf(" (%s)", dev->description);
380 		if (dev->flags != 0)
381 			printf(" [%s]", bittok2str(status_flags, "none", dev->flags));
382 		printf("\n");
383 	}
384 	pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
385 	exit(0);
386 }
387 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
388 
389 /*
390  * Short options.
391  *
392  * Note that there we use all letters for short options except for g, k,
393  * o, and P, and those are used by other versions of tcpdump, and we should
394  * only use them for the same purposes that the other versions of tcpdump
395  * use them:
396  *
397  * OS X tcpdump uses -g to force non--v output for IP to be on one
398  * line, making it more "g"repable;
399  *
400  * OS X tcpdump uses -k tospecify that packet comments in pcap-ng files
401  * should be printed;
402  *
403  * OpenBSD tcpdump uses -o to indicate that OS fingerprinting should be done
404  * for hosts sending TCP SYN packets;
405  *
406  * OS X tcpdump uses -P to indicate that -w should write pcap-ng rather
407  * than pcap files.
408  *
409  * OS X tcpdump also uses -Q to specify expressions that match packet
410  * metadata, including but not limited to the packet direction.
411  * The expression syntax is different from a simple "in|out|inout",
412  * and those expressions aren't accepted by OS X tcpdump, but the
413  * equivalents would be "in" = "dir=in", "out" = "dir=out", and
414  * "inout" = "dir=in or dir=out", and the parser could conceivably
415  * special-case "in", "out", and "inout" as expressions for backwards
416  * compatibility, so all is not (yet) lost.
417  */
418 
419 /*
420  * Set up flags that might or might not be supported depending on the
421  * version of libpcap we're using.
422  */
423 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
424 #define B_FLAG		"B:"
425 #define B_FLAG_USAGE	" [ -B size ]"
426 #else /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
427 #define B_FLAG
428 #define B_FLAG_USAGE
429 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
430 
431 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
432 #define I_FLAG		"I"
433 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
434 #define I_FLAG
435 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
436 
437 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
438 #define j_FLAG		"j:"
439 #define j_FLAG_USAGE	" [ -j tstamptype ]"
440 #define J_FLAG		"J"
441 #else /* PCAP_ERROR_TSTAMP_TYPE_NOTSUP */
442 #define j_FLAG
443 #define j_FLAG_USAGE
444 #define J_FLAG
445 #endif /* PCAP_ERROR_TSTAMP_TYPE_NOTSUP */
446 
447 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
448 #define D_FLAG	"D"
449 #else
450 #define D_FLAG
451 #endif
452 
453 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
454 #define U_FLAG	"U"
455 #else
456 #define U_FLAG
457 #endif
458 
459 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
460 #define Q_FLAG "Q:"
461 #else
462 #define Q_FLAG
463 #endif
464 
465 #define SHORTOPTS "aAb" B_FLAG "c:C:d" D_FLAG "eE:fF:G:hHi:" I_FLAG j_FLAG J_FLAG "KlLm:M:nNOpq" Q_FLAG "r:s:StT:u" U_FLAG "vV:w:W:xXy:Yz:Z:#"
466 
467 /*
468  * Long options.
469  *
470  * We do not currently have long options corresponding to all short
471  * options; we should probably pick appropriate option names for them.
472  *
473  * However, the short options where the number of times the option is
474  * specified matters, such as -v and -d and -t, should probably not
475  * just map to a long option, as saying
476  *
477  *  tcpdump --verbose --verbose
478  *
479  * doesn't make sense; it should be --verbosity={N} or something such
480  * as that.
481  *
482  * For long options with no corresponding short options, we define values
483  * outside the range of ASCII graphic characters, make that the last
484  * component of the entry for the long option, and have a case for that
485  * option in the switch statement.
486  */
487 #define OPTION_VERSION		128
488 #define OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION	129
489 #define OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE	130
490 
491 static const struct option longopts[] = {
492 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
493 	{ "buffer-size", required_argument, NULL, 'B' },
494 #endif
495 	{ "list-interfaces", no_argument, NULL, 'D' },
496 	{ "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
497 	{ "interface", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
498 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
499 	{ "monitor-mode", no_argument, NULL, 'I' },
500 #endif
501 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
502 	{ "time-stamp-type", required_argument, NULL, 'j' },
503 	{ "list-time-stamp-types", no_argument, NULL, 'J' },
504 #endif
505 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
506 	{ "time-stamp-precision", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION},
507 #endif
508 	{ "dont-verify-checksums", no_argument, NULL, 'K' },
509 	{ "list-data-link-types", no_argument, NULL, 'L' },
510 	{ "no-optimize", no_argument, NULL, 'O' },
511 	{ "no-promiscuous-mode", no_argument, NULL, 'p' },
512 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
513 	{ "direction", required_argument, NULL, 'Q' },
514 #endif
515 	{ "snapshot-length", required_argument, NULL, 's' },
516 	{ "absolute-tcp-sequence-numbers", no_argument, NULL, 'S' },
517 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
518 	{ "packet-buffered", no_argument, NULL, 'U' },
519 #endif
520 	{ "linktype", required_argument, NULL, 'y' },
521 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
522 	{ "immediate-mode", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE },
523 #endif
524 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
525 	{ "debug-filter-parser", no_argument, NULL, 'Y' },
526 #endif
527 	{ "relinquish-privileges", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
528 	{ "number", no_argument, NULL, '#' },
529 	{ "version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION },
530 	{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
531 };
532 
533 #ifndef _WIN32
534 /* Drop root privileges and chroot if necessary */
535 static void
536 droproot(const char *username, const char *chroot_dir)
537 {
538 	struct passwd *pw = NULL;
539 
540 	if (chroot_dir && !username) {
541 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Chroot without dropping root is insecure\n",
542 			program_name);
543 		exit(1);
544 	}
545 
546 	pw = getpwnam(username);
547 	if (pw) {
548 		if (initgroups(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) != 0) {
549 			fprintf(stderr, "tcpdump: Couldn't initgroups to "
550 			    "'%.32s' gid=%lu: %s\n", pw->pw_name,
551 			    (unsigned long)pw->pw_gid,
552 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
553 			exit(1);
554 		}
555 		if (chroot_dir) {
556 			setprotoent(1);
557 			res_init();
558 			if (chroot(chroot_dir) != 0 || chdir ("/") != 0) {
559 				fprintf(stderr, "%s: Couldn't chroot/chdir to '%.64s': %s\n",
560 					program_name, chroot_dir, pcap_strerror(errno));
561 				exit(1);
562 			}
563 		}
564 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
565 		{
566 			int ret = capng_change_id(pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_gid, CAPNG_NO_FLAG);
567 			if (ret < 0) {
568 				fprintf(stderr, "error : ret %d\n", ret);
569 			} else {
570 				fprintf(stderr, "dropped privs to %s\n", username);
571 			}
572 		}
573 #else
574 		if (initgroups(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) != 0 ||
575 		    setgid(pw->pw_gid) != 0 || setuid(pw->pw_uid) != 0) {
576 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Couldn't change to '%.32s' uid=%lu gid=%lu: %s\n",
577 				program_name, username,
578 				(unsigned long)pw->pw_uid,
579 				(unsigned long)pw->pw_gid,
580 				pcap_strerror(errno));
581 			exit(1);
582 		}
583 		else {
584 //			fprintf(stderr, "dropped privs to %s\n", username);
585 		}
586 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
587 	}
588 	else {
589 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Couldn't find user '%.32s'\n",
590 			program_name, username);
591 		exit(1);
592 	}
593 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
594 	/* We don't need CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID any more. */
595 	capng_updatev(
596 		CAPNG_DROP,
597 		CAPNG_EFFECTIVE | CAPNG_PERMITTED,
598 		CAP_SETUID,
599 		CAP_SETGID,
600 		-1);
601 	capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
602 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
603 
604 }
605 #endif /* _WIN32 */
606 
607 static int
608 getWflagChars(int x)
609 {
610 	int c = 0;
611 
612 	x -= 1;
613 	while (x > 0) {
614 		c += 1;
615 		x /= 10;
616 	}
617 
618 	return c;
619 }
620 
621 
622 static void
623 MakeFilename(char *buffer, char *orig_name, int cnt, int max_chars)
624 {
625         char *filename = malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
626         if (filename == NULL)
627             error("Makefilename: malloc");
628 
629         /* Process with strftime if Gflag is set. */
630         if (Gflag != 0) {
631           struct tm *local_tm;
632 
633           /* Convert Gflag_time to a usable format */
634           if ((local_tm = localtime(&Gflag_time)) == NULL) {
635                   error("MakeTimedFilename: localtime");
636           }
637 
638           /* There's no good way to detect an error in strftime since a return
639            * value of 0 isn't necessarily failure.
640            */
641           strftime(filename, PATH_MAX, orig_name, local_tm);
642         } else {
643           strncpy(filename, orig_name, PATH_MAX);
644         }
645 
646 	if (cnt == 0 && max_chars == 0)
647 		strncpy(buffer, filename, PATH_MAX + 1);
648 	else
649 		if (snprintf(buffer, PATH_MAX + 1, "%s%0*d", filename, max_chars, cnt) > PATH_MAX)
650                   /* Report an error if the filename is too large */
651                   error("too many output files or filename is too long (> %d)", PATH_MAX);
652         free(filename);
653 }
654 
655 static char *
656 get_next_file(FILE *VFile, char *ptr)
657 {
658 	char *ret;
659 
660 	ret = fgets(ptr, PATH_MAX, VFile);
661 	if (!ret)
662 		return NULL;
663 
664 	if (ptr[strlen(ptr) - 1] == '\n')
665 		ptr[strlen(ptr) - 1] = '\0';
666 
667 	return ret;
668 }
669 
670 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
671 static int
672 tstamp_precision_from_string(const char *precision)
673 {
674 	if (strncmp(precision, "nano", strlen("nano")) == 0)
675 		return PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO;
676 
677 	if (strncmp(precision, "micro", strlen("micro")) == 0)
678 		return PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO;
679 
680 	return -EINVAL;
681 }
682 
683 static const char *
684 tstamp_precision_to_string(int precision)
685 {
686 	switch (precision) {
687 
688 	case PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO:
689 		return "micro";
690 
691 	case PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO:
692 		return "nano";
693 
694 	default:
695 		return "unknown";
696 	}
697 }
698 #endif
699 
700 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
701 /*
702  * Ensure that, on a dump file's descriptor, we have all the rights
703  * necessary to make the standard I/O library work with an fdopen()ed
704  * FILE * from that descriptor.
705  *
706  * A long time ago, in a galaxy far far away, AT&T decided that, instead
707  * of providing separate APIs for getting and setting the FD_ flags on a
708  * descriptor, getting and setting the O_ flags on a descriptor, and
709  * locking files, they'd throw them all into a kitchen-sink fcntl() call
710  * along the lines of ioctl(), the fact that ioctl() operations are
711  * largely specific to particular character devices but fcntl() operations
712  * are either generic to all descriptors or generic to all descriptors for
713  * regular files nonwithstanding.
714  *
715  * The Capsicum people decided that fine-grained control of descriptor
716  * operations was required, so that you need to grant permission for
717  * reading, writing, seeking, and fcntl-ing.  The latter, courtesy of
718  * AT&T's decision, means that "fcntl-ing" isn't a thing, but a motley
719  * collection of things, so there are *individual* fcntls for which
720  * permission needs to be granted.
721  *
722  * The FreeBSD standard I/O people implemented some optimizations that
723  * requires that the standard I/O routines be able to determine whether
724  * the descriptor for the FILE * is open append-only or not; as that
725  * descriptor could have come from an open() rather than an fopen(),
726  * that requires that it be able to do an F_GETFL fcntl() to read
727  * the O_ flags.
728  *
729  * Tcpdump uses ftell() to determine how much data has been written
730  * to a file in order to, when used with -C, determine when it's time
731  * to rotate capture files.  ftell() therefore needs to do an lseek()
732  * to find out the file offset and must, thanks to the aforementioned
733  * optimization, also know whether the descriptor is open append-only
734  * or not.
735  *
736  * The net result of all the above is that we need to grant CAP_SEEK,
737  * CAP_WRITE, and CAP_FCNTL with the CAP_FCNTL_GETFL subcapability.
738  *
739  * Perhaps this is the universe's way of saying that either
740  *
741  *	1) there needs to be an fopenat() call and a pcap_dump_openat() call
742  *	   using it, so that Capsicum-capable tcpdump wouldn't need to do
743  *	   an fdopen()
744  *
745  * or
746  *
747  *	2) there needs to be a cap_fdopen() call in the FreeBSD standard
748  *	   I/O library that knows what rights are needed by the standard
749  *	   I/O library, based on the open mode, and assigns them, perhaps
750  *	   with an additional argument indicating, for example, whether
751  *	   seeking should be allowed, so that tcpdump doesn't need to know
752  *	   what the standard I/O library happens to require this week.
753  */
754 static void
755 set_dumper_capsicum_rights(pcap_dumper_t *p)
756 {
757 	int fd = fileno(pcap_dump_file(p));
758 	cap_rights_t rights;
759 
760 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEEK, CAP_WRITE, CAP_FCNTL);
761 	if (cap_rights_limit(fd, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
762 		error("unable to limit dump descriptor");
763 	}
764 	if (cap_fcntls_limit(fd, CAP_FCNTL_GETFL) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
765 		error("unable to limit dump descriptor fcntls");
766 	}
767 }
768 #endif
769 
770 int
771 main(int argc, char **argv)
772 {
773 	register int cnt, op, i;
774 	bpf_u_int32 localnet =0 , netmask = 0;
775 	int timezone_offset = 0;
776 	register char *cp, *infile, *cmdbuf, *device, *RFileName, *VFileName, *WFileName;
777 	pcap_handler callback;
778 	int dlt;
779 	const char *dlt_name;
780 	struct bpf_program fcode;
781 #ifndef _WIN32
782 	RETSIGTYPE (*oldhandler)(int);
783 #endif
784 	struct dump_info dumpinfo;
785 	u_char *pcap_userdata;
786 	char ebuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
787 	char VFileLine[PATH_MAX + 1];
788 	char *username = NULL;
789 	char *chroot_dir = NULL;
790 	char *ret = NULL;
791 	char *end;
792 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
793 	pcap_if_t *dev, *devlist;
794 	int devnum;
795 #endif
796 	int status;
797 	FILE *VFile;
798 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
799 	cap_rights_t rights;
800 	int cansandbox;
801 #endif	/* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
802 	int Bflag = 0;			/* buffer size */
803 	int jflag = -1;			/* packet time stamp source */
804 	int Oflag = 1;			/* run filter code optimizer */
805 	int pflag = 0;			/* don't go promiscuous */
806 	int yflag_dlt = -1;
807 	const char *yflag_dlt_name = NULL;
808 
809 	netdissect_options Ndo;
810 	netdissect_options *ndo = &Ndo;
811 	int immediate_mode = 0;
812 
813 	memset(ndo, 0, sizeof(*ndo));
814 	ndo_set_function_pointers(ndo);
815 	ndo->ndo_snaplen = DEFAULT_SNAPLEN;
816 
817 	cnt = -1;
818 	device = NULL;
819 	infile = NULL;
820 	RFileName = NULL;
821 	VFileName = NULL;
822 	VFile = NULL;
823 	WFileName = NULL;
824 	dlt = -1;
825 	if ((cp = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
826 		ndo->program_name = program_name = cp + 1;
827 	else
828 		ndo->program_name = program_name = argv[0];
829 
830 #ifdef _WIN32
831 	if (pcap_wsockinit() != 0)
832 		error("Attempting to initialize Winsock failed");
833 #endif /* _WIN32 */
834 
835 	/*
836 	 * On platforms where the CPU doesn't support unaligned loads,
837 	 * force unaligned accesses to abort with SIGBUS, rather than
838 	 * being fixed up (slowly) by the OS kernel; on those platforms,
839 	 * misaligned accesses are bugs, and we want tcpdump to crash so
840 	 * that the bugs are reported.
841 	 */
842 	if (abort_on_misalignment(ebuf, sizeof(ebuf)) < 0)
843 		error("%s", ebuf);
844 
845 #ifdef USE_LIBSMI
846 	smiInit("tcpdump");
847 #endif
848 
849 	while (
850 	    (op = getopt_long(argc, argv, SHORTOPTS, longopts, NULL)) != -1)
851 		switch (op) {
852 
853 		case 'a':
854 			/* compatibility for old -a */
855 			break;
856 
857 		case 'A':
858 			++ndo->ndo_Aflag;
859 			break;
860 
861 		case 'b':
862 			++ndo->ndo_bflag;
863 			break;
864 
865 #if defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32)
866 		case 'B':
867 			Bflag = atoi(optarg)*1024;
868 			if (Bflag <= 0)
869 				error("invalid packet buffer size %s", optarg);
870 			break;
871 #endif /* defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) || defined(_WIN32) */
872 
873 		case 'c':
874 			cnt = atoi(optarg);
875 			if (cnt <= 0)
876 				error("invalid packet count %s", optarg);
877 			break;
878 
879 		case 'C':
880 			Cflag = atoi(optarg) * 1000000;
881 			if (Cflag <= 0)
882 				error("invalid file size %s", optarg);
883 			break;
884 
885 		case 'd':
886 			++dflag;
887 			break;
888 
889 		case 'D':
890 			Dflag++;
891 			break;
892 
893 		case 'L':
894 			Lflag++;
895 			break;
896 
897 		case 'e':
898 			++ndo->ndo_eflag;
899 			break;
900 
901 		case 'E':
902 #ifndef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
903 			warning("crypto code not compiled in");
904 #endif
905 			ndo->ndo_espsecret = optarg;
906 			break;
907 
908 		case 'f':
909 			++ndo->ndo_fflag;
910 			break;
911 
912 		case 'F':
913 			infile = optarg;
914 			break;
915 
916 		case 'G':
917 			Gflag = atoi(optarg);
918 			if (Gflag < 0)
919 				error("invalid number of seconds %s", optarg);
920 
921                         /* We will create one file initially. */
922                         Gflag_count = 0;
923 
924 			/* Grab the current time for rotation use. */
925 			if ((Gflag_time = time(NULL)) == (time_t)-1) {
926 				error("main: can't get current time: %s",
927 				    pcap_strerror(errno));
928 			}
929 			break;
930 
931 		case 'h':
932 			print_usage();
933 			exit(0);
934 			break;
935 
936 		case 'H':
937 			++ndo->ndo_Hflag;
938 			break;
939 
940 		case 'i':
941 			if (optarg[0] == '0' && optarg[1] == 0)
942 				error("Invalid adapter index");
943 
944 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
945 			/*
946 			 * If the argument is a number, treat it as
947 			 * an index into the list of adapters, as
948 			 * printed by "tcpdump -D".
949 			 *
950 			 * This should be OK on UNIX systems, as interfaces
951 			 * shouldn't have names that begin with digits.
952 			 * It can be useful on Windows, where more than
953 			 * one interface can have the same name.
954 			 */
955 			devnum = strtol(optarg, &end, 10);
956 			if (optarg != end && *end == '\0') {
957 				if (devnum < 0)
958 					error("Invalid adapter index");
959 
960 				if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) < 0)
961 					error("%s", ebuf);
962 				/*
963 				 * Look for the devnum-th entry in the
964 				 * list of devices (1-based).
965 				 */
966 				for (i = 0, dev = devlist;
967 				    i < devnum-1 && dev != NULL;
968 				    i++, dev = dev->next)
969 					;
970 				if (dev == NULL)
971 					error("Invalid adapter index");
972 				device = strdup(dev->name);
973 				pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
974 				break;
975 			}
976 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
977 			device = optarg;
978 			break;
979 
980 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
981 		case 'I':
982 			++Iflag;
983 			break;
984 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
985 
986 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
987 		case 'j':
988 			jflag = pcap_tstamp_type_name_to_val(optarg);
989 			if (jflag < 0)
990 				error("invalid time stamp type %s", optarg);
991 			break;
992 
993 		case 'J':
994 			Jflag++;
995 			break;
996 #endif
997 
998 		case 'l':
999 #ifdef _WIN32
1000 			/*
1001 			 * _IOLBF is the same as _IOFBF in Microsoft's C
1002 			 * libraries; the only alternative they offer
1003 			 * is _IONBF.
1004 			 *
1005 			 * XXX - this should really be checking for MSVC++,
1006 			 * not _WIN32, if, for example, MinGW has its own
1007 			 * C library that is more UNIX-compatible.
1008 			 */
1009 			setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
1010 #else /* _WIN32 */
1011 #ifdef HAVE_SETLINEBUF
1012 			setlinebuf(stdout);
1013 #else
1014 			setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
1015 #endif
1016 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1017 			break;
1018 
1019 		case 'K':
1020 			++ndo->ndo_Kflag;
1021 			break;
1022 
1023 		case 'm':
1024 #ifdef USE_LIBSMI
1025 			if (smiLoadModule(optarg) == 0) {
1026 				error("could not load MIB module %s", optarg);
1027 			}
1028 			ndo->ndo_mflag = 1;
1029 #else
1030 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ignoring option `-m %s' ",
1031 				      program_name, optarg);
1032 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "(no libsmi support)\n");
1033 #endif
1034 			break;
1035 
1036 		case 'M':
1037 			/* TCP-MD5 shared secret */
1038 #ifndef HAVE_LIBCRYPTO
1039 			warning("crypto code not compiled in");
1040 #endif
1041 			ndo->ndo_sigsecret = optarg;
1042 			break;
1043 
1044 		case 'n':
1045 			++ndo->ndo_nflag;
1046 			break;
1047 
1048 		case 'N':
1049 			++ndo->ndo_Nflag;
1050 			break;
1051 
1052 		case 'O':
1053 			Oflag = 0;
1054 			break;
1055 
1056 		case 'p':
1057 			++pflag;
1058 			break;
1059 
1060 		case 'q':
1061 			++ndo->ndo_qflag;
1062 			++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1063 			break;
1064 
1065 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
1066 		case 'Q':
1067 			if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "in") == 0)
1068 				Qflag = PCAP_D_IN;
1069 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "out") == 0)
1070 				Qflag = PCAP_D_OUT;
1071 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "inout") == 0)
1072 				Qflag = PCAP_D_INOUT;
1073 			else
1074 				error("unknown capture direction `%s'", optarg);
1075 			break;
1076 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION */
1077 
1078 		case 'r':
1079 			RFileName = optarg;
1080 			break;
1081 
1082 		case 's':
1083 			ndo->ndo_snaplen = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
1084 			if (optarg == end || *end != '\0'
1085 			    || ndo->ndo_snaplen < 0 || ndo->ndo_snaplen > MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN)
1086 				error("invalid snaplen %s", optarg);
1087 			else if (ndo->ndo_snaplen == 0)
1088 				ndo->ndo_snaplen = MAXIMUM_SNAPLEN;
1089 			break;
1090 
1091 		case 'S':
1092 			++ndo->ndo_Sflag;
1093 			break;
1094 
1095 		case 't':
1096 			++ndo->ndo_tflag;
1097 			break;
1098 
1099 		case 'T':
1100 			if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "vat") == 0)
1101 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_VAT;
1102 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "wb") == 0)
1103 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_WB;
1104 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rpc") == 0)
1105 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RPC;
1106 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rtp") == 0)
1107 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RTP;
1108 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "rtcp") == 0)
1109 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RTCP;
1110 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "snmp") == 0)
1111 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_SNMP;
1112 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "cnfp") == 0)
1113 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_CNFP;
1114 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "tftp") == 0)
1115 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_TFTP;
1116 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "aodv") == 0)
1117 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_AODV;
1118 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "carp") == 0)
1119 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_CARP;
1120 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "radius") == 0)
1121 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RADIUS;
1122 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "zmtp1") == 0)
1123 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_ZMTP1;
1124 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "vxlan") == 0)
1125 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_VXLAN;
1126 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "pgm") == 0)
1127 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_PGM;
1128 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "pgm_zmtp1") == 0)
1129 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_PGM_ZMTP1;
1130 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "lmp") == 0)
1131 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_LMP;
1132 			else if (ascii_strcasecmp(optarg, "resp") == 0)
1133 				ndo->ndo_packettype = PT_RESP;
1134 			else
1135 				error("unknown packet type `%s'", optarg);
1136 			break;
1137 
1138 		case 'u':
1139 			++ndo->ndo_uflag;
1140 			break;
1141 
1142 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
1143 		case 'U':
1144 			++Uflag;
1145 			break;
1146 #endif
1147 
1148 		case 'v':
1149 			++ndo->ndo_vflag;
1150 			break;
1151 
1152 		case 'V':
1153 			VFileName = optarg;
1154 			break;
1155 
1156 		case 'w':
1157 			WFileName = optarg;
1158 			break;
1159 
1160 		case 'W':
1161 			Wflag = atoi(optarg);
1162 			if (Wflag <= 0)
1163 				error("invalid number of output files %s", optarg);
1164 			WflagChars = getWflagChars(Wflag);
1165 			break;
1166 
1167 		case 'x':
1168 			++ndo->ndo_xflag;
1169 			++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1170 			break;
1171 
1172 		case 'X':
1173 			++ndo->ndo_Xflag;
1174 			++ndo->ndo_suppress_default_print;
1175 			break;
1176 
1177 		case 'y':
1178 			yflag_dlt_name = optarg;
1179 			yflag_dlt =
1180 				pcap_datalink_name_to_val(yflag_dlt_name);
1181 			if (yflag_dlt < 0)
1182 				error("invalid data link type %s", yflag_dlt_name);
1183 			break;
1184 
1185 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_PARSER_DEBUG
1186 		case 'Y':
1187 			{
1188 			/* Undocumented flag */
1189 			pcap_set_parser_debug(1);
1190 			}
1191 			break;
1192 #endif
1193 		case 'z':
1194 			zflag = optarg;
1195 			break;
1196 
1197 		case 'Z':
1198 			username = optarg;
1199 			break;
1200 
1201 		case '#':
1202 			ndo->ndo_packet_number = 1;
1203 			break;
1204 
1205 		case OPTION_VERSION:
1206 			print_version();
1207 			exit(0);
1208 			break;
1209 
1210 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1211 		case OPTION_TSTAMP_PRECISION:
1212 			ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision = tstamp_precision_from_string(optarg);
1213 			if (ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision < 0)
1214 				error("unsupported time stamp precision");
1215 			break;
1216 #endif
1217 
1218 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
1219 		case OPTION_IMMEDIATE_MODE:
1220 			immediate_mode = 1;
1221 			break;
1222 #endif
1223 
1224 		default:
1225 			print_usage();
1226 			exit(1);
1227 			/* NOTREACHED */
1228 		}
1229 
1230 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1231 	if (Dflag)
1232 		show_devices_and_exit();
1233 #endif
1234 
1235 	switch (ndo->ndo_tflag) {
1236 
1237 	case 0: /* Default */
1238 	case 4: /* Default + Date*/
1239 		timezone_offset = gmt2local(0);
1240 		break;
1241 
1242 	case 1: /* No time stamp */
1243 	case 2: /* Unix timeval style */
1244 	case 3: /* Microseconds since previous packet */
1245         case 5: /* Microseconds since first packet */
1246 		break;
1247 
1248 	default: /* Not supported */
1249 		error("only -t, -tt, -ttt, -tttt and -ttttt are supported");
1250 		break;
1251 	}
1252 
1253 	if (ndo->ndo_fflag != 0 && (VFileName != NULL || RFileName != NULL))
1254 		error("-f can not be used with -V or -r");
1255 
1256 	if (VFileName != NULL && RFileName != NULL)
1257 		error("-V and -r are mutually exclusive.");
1258 
1259 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
1260 	/*
1261 	 * If we're printing dissected packets to the standard output
1262 	 * rather than saving raw packets to a file, and the standard
1263 	 * output is a terminal, use immediate mode, as the user's
1264 	 * probably expecting to see packets pop up immediately.
1265 	 */
1266 	if (WFileName == NULL && isatty(1))
1267 		immediate_mode = 1;
1268 #endif
1269 
1270 #ifdef WITH_CHROOT
1271 	/* if run as root, prepare for chrooting */
1272 	if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
1273 		/* future extensibility for cmd-line arguments */
1274 		if (!chroot_dir)
1275 			chroot_dir = WITH_CHROOT;
1276 	}
1277 #endif
1278 
1279 #ifdef WITH_USER
1280 	/* if run as root, prepare for dropping root privileges */
1281 	if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
1282 		/* Run with '-Z root' to restore old behaviour */
1283 		if (!username)
1284 			username = WITH_USER;
1285 	}
1286 #endif
1287 
1288 	if (RFileName != NULL || VFileName != NULL) {
1289 		/*
1290 		 * If RFileName is non-null, it's the pathname of a
1291 		 * savefile to read.  If VFileName is non-null, it's
1292 		 * the pathname of a file containing a list of pathnames
1293 		 * (one per line) of savefiles to read.
1294 		 *
1295 		 * In either case, we're reading a savefile, not doing
1296 		 * a live capture.
1297 		 */
1298 #ifndef _WIN32
1299 		/*
1300 		 * We don't need network access, so relinquish any set-UID
1301 		 * or set-GID privileges we have (if any).
1302 		 *
1303 		 * We do *not* want set-UID privileges when opening a
1304 		 * trace file, as that might let the user read other
1305 		 * people's trace files (especially if we're set-UID
1306 		 * root).
1307 		 */
1308 		if (setgid(getgid()) != 0 || setuid(getuid()) != 0 )
1309 			fprintf(stderr, "Warning: setgid/setuid failed !\n");
1310 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1311 		if (VFileName != NULL) {
1312 			if (VFileName[0] == '-' && VFileName[1] == '\0')
1313 				VFile = stdin;
1314 			else
1315 				VFile = fopen(VFileName, "r");
1316 
1317 			if (VFile == NULL)
1318 				error("Unable to open file: %s\n", pcap_strerror(errno));
1319 
1320 			ret = get_next_file(VFile, VFileLine);
1321 			if (!ret)
1322 				error("Nothing in %s\n", VFileName);
1323 			RFileName = VFileLine;
1324 		}
1325 
1326 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1327 		pd = pcap_open_offline_with_tstamp_precision(RFileName,
1328 		    ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision, ebuf);
1329 #else
1330 		pd = pcap_open_offline(RFileName, ebuf);
1331 #endif
1332 
1333 		if (pd == NULL)
1334 			error("%s", ebuf);
1335 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1336 		cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_READ);
1337 		if (cap_rights_limit(fileno(pcap_file(pd)), &rights) < 0 &&
1338 		    errno != ENOSYS) {
1339 			error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
1340 		}
1341 #endif
1342 		dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
1343 		dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
1344 		if (dlt_name == NULL) {
1345 			fprintf(stderr, "reading from file %s, link-type %u\n",
1346 			    RFileName, dlt);
1347 		} else {
1348 			fprintf(stderr,
1349 			    "reading from file %s, link-type %s (%s)\n",
1350 			    RFileName, dlt_name,
1351 			    pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt));
1352 		}
1353 	} else {
1354 		/*
1355 		 * We're doing a live capture.
1356 		 */
1357 		if (device == NULL) {
1358 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS
1359 			if (pcap_findalldevs(&devlist, ebuf) >= 0 &&
1360 			    devlist != NULL) {
1361 				device = strdup(devlist->name);
1362 				pcap_freealldevs(devlist);
1363 			}
1364 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_FINDALLDEVS */
1365 			device = pcap_lookupdev(ebuf);
1366 #endif
1367 			if (device == NULL)
1368 				error("%s", ebuf);
1369 		}
1370 #ifdef _WIN32
1371 		/*
1372 		 * Print a message to the standard error on Windows.
1373 		 * XXX - why do it here, with a different message?
1374 		 */
1375 		if(strlen(device) == 1)	/* we assume that an ASCII string is always longer than 1 char */
1376 		{						/* a Unicode string has a \0 as second byte (so strlen() is 1) */
1377 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: listening on %ws\n", program_name, device);
1378 		}
1379 		else
1380 		{
1381 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: listening on %s\n", program_name, device);
1382 		}
1383 
1384 		fflush(stderr);
1385 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1386 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_CREATE
1387 		pd = pcap_create(device, ebuf);
1388 		if (pd == NULL)
1389 			error("%s", ebuf);
1390 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
1391 		if (Jflag)
1392 			show_tstamp_types_and_exit(device);
1393 #endif
1394 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
1395 		status = pcap_set_tstamp_precision(pd, ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision);
1396 		if (status != 0)
1397 			error("%s: Can't set %ssecond time stamp precision: %s",
1398 				device,
1399 				tstamp_precision_to_string(ndo->ndo_tstamp_precision),
1400 				pcap_statustostr(status));
1401 #endif
1402 
1403 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
1404 		if (immediate_mode) {
1405 			status = pcap_set_immediate_mode(pd, 1);
1406 			if (status != 0)
1407 				error("%s: Can't set immediate mode: %s",
1408 				device,
1409 				pcap_statustostr(status));
1410 		}
1411 #endif
1412 		/*
1413 		 * Is this an interface that supports monitor mode?
1414 		 */
1415 		if (pcap_can_set_rfmon(pd) == 1)
1416 			supports_monitor_mode = 1;
1417 		else
1418 			supports_monitor_mode = 0;
1419 		status = pcap_set_snaplen(pd, ndo->ndo_snaplen);
1420 		if (status != 0)
1421 			error("%s: Can't set snapshot length: %s",
1422 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1423 		status = pcap_set_promisc(pd, !pflag);
1424 		if (status != 0)
1425 			error("%s: Can't set promiscuous mode: %s",
1426 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1427 		if (Iflag) {
1428 			status = pcap_set_rfmon(pd, 1);
1429 			if (status != 0)
1430 				error("%s: Can't set monitor mode: %s",
1431 				    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1432 		}
1433 		status = pcap_set_timeout(pd, 1000);
1434 		if (status != 0)
1435 			error("%s: pcap_set_timeout failed: %s",
1436 			    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1437 		if (Bflag != 0) {
1438 			status = pcap_set_buffer_size(pd, Bflag);
1439 			if (status != 0)
1440 				error("%s: Can't set buffer size: %s",
1441 				    device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1442 		}
1443 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_TYPE
1444                 if (jflag != -1) {
1445 			status = pcap_set_tstamp_type(pd, jflag);
1446 			if (status < 0)
1447 				error("%s: Can't set time stamp type: %s",
1448 			              device, pcap_statustostr(status));
1449 		}
1450 #endif
1451 		status = pcap_activate(pd);
1452 		if (status < 0) {
1453 			/*
1454 			 * pcap_activate() failed.
1455 			 */
1456 			cp = pcap_geterr(pd);
1457 			if (status == PCAP_ERROR)
1458 				error("%s", cp);
1459 			else if ((status == PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE ||
1460 			          status == PCAP_ERROR_PERM_DENIED) &&
1461 			         *cp != '\0')
1462 				error("%s: %s\n(%s)", device,
1463 				    pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1464 			else
1465 				error("%s: %s", device,
1466 				    pcap_statustostr(status));
1467 		} else if (status > 0) {
1468 			/*
1469 			 * pcap_activate() succeeded, but it's warning us
1470 			 * of a problem it had.
1471 			 */
1472 			cp = pcap_geterr(pd);
1473 			if (status == PCAP_WARNING)
1474 				warning("%s", cp);
1475 			else if (status == PCAP_WARNING_PROMISC_NOTSUP &&
1476 			         *cp != '\0')
1477 				warning("%s: %s\n(%s)", device,
1478 				    pcap_statustostr(status), cp);
1479 			else
1480 				warning("%s: %s", device,
1481 				    pcap_statustostr(status));
1482 		}
1483 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
1484 		if (Qflag != -1) {
1485 			status = pcap_setdirection(pd, Qflag);
1486 			if (status != 0)
1487 				error("%s: pcap_setdirection() failed: %s",
1488 				      device,  pcap_geterr(pd));
1489 		}
1490 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION */
1491 #else
1492 		*ebuf = '\0';
1493 		pd = pcap_open_live(device, ndo->ndo_snaplen, !pflag, 1000,
1494 		    ebuf);
1495 		if (pd == NULL)
1496 			error("%s", ebuf);
1497 		else if (*ebuf)
1498 			warning("%s", ebuf);
1499 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_CREATE */
1500 		/*
1501 		 * Let user own process after socket has been opened.
1502 		 */
1503 #ifndef _WIN32
1504 		if (setgid(getgid()) != 0 || setuid(getuid()) != 0)
1505 			fprintf(stderr, "Warning: setgid/setuid failed !\n");
1506 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1507 #if !defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) && defined(_WIN32)
1508 		if(Bflag != 0)
1509 			if(pcap_setbuff(pd, Bflag)==-1){
1510 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1511 			}
1512 #endif /* !defined(HAVE_PCAP_CREATE) && defined(_WIN32) */
1513 		if (Lflag)
1514 			show_dlts_and_exit(device);
1515 		if (yflag_dlt >= 0) {
1516 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_DATALINK
1517 			if (pcap_set_datalink(pd, yflag_dlt) < 0)
1518 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1519 #else
1520 			/*
1521 			 * We don't actually support changing the
1522 			 * data link type, so we only let them
1523 			 * set it to what it already is.
1524 			 */
1525 			if (yflag_dlt != pcap_datalink(pd)) {
1526 				error("%s is not one of the DLTs supported by this device\n",
1527 				      yflag_dlt_name);
1528 			}
1529 #endif
1530 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: data link type %s\n",
1531 				      program_name, yflag_dlt_name);
1532 			(void)fflush(stderr);
1533 		}
1534 		i = pcap_snapshot(pd);
1535 		if (ndo->ndo_snaplen < i) {
1536 			warning("snaplen raised from %d to %d", ndo->ndo_snaplen, i);
1537 			ndo->ndo_snaplen = i;
1538 		}
1539                 if(ndo->ndo_fflag != 0) {
1540                         if (pcap_lookupnet(device, &localnet, &netmask, ebuf) < 0) {
1541                                 warning("foreign (-f) flag used but: %s", ebuf);
1542                         }
1543                 }
1544 
1545 	}
1546 	if (infile)
1547 		cmdbuf = read_infile(infile);
1548 	else
1549 		cmdbuf = copy_argv(&argv[optind]);
1550 
1551 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
1552 	pcap_set_optimizer_debug(dflag);
1553 #endif
1554 	if (pcap_compile(pd, &fcode, cmdbuf, Oflag, netmask) < 0)
1555 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1556 	if (dflag) {
1557 		bpf_dump(&fcode, dflag);
1558 		pcap_close(pd);
1559 		free(cmdbuf);
1560 		pcap_freecode(&fcode);
1561 		exit(0);
1562 	}
1563 	init_print(ndo, localnet, netmask, timezone_offset);
1564 
1565 #ifndef _WIN32
1566 	(void)setsignal(SIGPIPE, cleanup);
1567 	(void)setsignal(SIGTERM, cleanup);
1568 	(void)setsignal(SIGINT, cleanup);
1569 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1570 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
1571 	(void)setsignal(SIGCHLD, child_cleanup);
1572 #endif
1573 	/* Cooperate with nohup(1) */
1574 #ifndef _WIN32
1575 	if ((oldhandler = setsignal(SIGHUP, cleanup)) != SIG_DFL)
1576 		(void)setsignal(SIGHUP, oldhandler);
1577 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1578 
1579 #ifndef _WIN32
1580 	/*
1581 	 * If a user name was specified with "-Z", attempt to switch to
1582 	 * that user's UID.  This would probably be used with sudo,
1583 	 * to allow tcpdump to be run in a special restricted
1584 	 * account (if you just want to allow users to open capture
1585 	 * devices, and can't just give users that permission,
1586 	 * you'd make tcpdump set-UID or set-GID).
1587 	 *
1588 	 * Tcpdump doesn't necessarily write only to one savefile;
1589 	 * the general only way to allow a -Z instance to write to
1590 	 * savefiles as the user under whose UID it's run, rather
1591 	 * than as the user specified with -Z, would thus be to switch
1592 	 * to the original user ID before opening a capture file and
1593 	 * then switch back to the -Z user ID after opening the savefile.
1594 	 * Switching to the -Z user ID only after opening the first
1595 	 * savefile doesn't handle the general case.
1596 	 */
1597 
1598 	if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
1599 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
1600 		/* Initialize capng */
1601 		capng_clear(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
1602 		if (username) {
1603 			capng_updatev(
1604 				CAPNG_ADD,
1605 				CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
1606 				CAP_SETUID,
1607 				CAP_SETGID,
1608 				-1);
1609 		}
1610 
1611 		if (WFileName) {
1612 			capng_update(
1613 				CAPNG_ADD,
1614 				CAPNG_PERMITTED | CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
1615 				CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
1616 				);
1617 		}
1618 		capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
1619 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
1620 		if (username || chroot_dir) {
1621 #ifndef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
1622 			if (!WFileName)
1623 #endif
1624 			droproot(username, chroot_dir);
1625 		}
1626 	}
1627 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1628 
1629 	if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &fcode) < 0)
1630 		error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1631 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1632 	if (RFileName == NULL && VFileName == NULL) {
1633 		static const unsigned long cmds[] = { BIOCGSTATS, BIOCROTZBUF };
1634 
1635 		cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_IOCTL, CAP_READ);
1636 		if (cap_rights_limit(pcap_fileno(pd), &rights) < 0 &&
1637 		    errno != ENOSYS) {
1638 			error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
1639 		}
1640 		if (cap_ioctls_limit(pcap_fileno(pd), cmds,
1641 		    sizeof(cmds) / sizeof(cmds[0])) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
1642 			error("unable to limit ioctls on pcap descriptor");
1643 		}
1644 	}
1645 #endif
1646 	if (WFileName) {
1647 		pcap_dumper_t *p;
1648 		/* Do not exceed the default PATH_MAX for files. */
1649 		dumpinfo.CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
1650 
1651 		if (dumpinfo.CurrentFileName == NULL)
1652 			error("malloc of dumpinfo.CurrentFileName");
1653 
1654 		/* We do not need numbering for dumpfiles if Cflag isn't set. */
1655 		if (Cflag != 0)
1656 		  MakeFilename(dumpinfo.CurrentFileName, WFileName, 0, WflagChars);
1657 		else
1658 		  MakeFilename(dumpinfo.CurrentFileName, WFileName, 0, 0);
1659 
1660 		p = pcap_dump_open(pd, dumpinfo.CurrentFileName);
1661 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
1662 		/* Give up CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability.
1663 		 * Only allow it to be restored if the -C or -G flag have been
1664 		 * set since we may need to create more files later on.
1665 		 */
1666 		capng_update(
1667 			CAPNG_DROP,
1668 			(Cflag || Gflag ? 0 : CAPNG_PERMITTED)
1669 				| CAPNG_EFFECTIVE,
1670 			CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
1671 			);
1672 		capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
1673 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
1674 		if (p == NULL)
1675 			error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1676 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1677 		set_dumper_capsicum_rights(p);
1678 #endif
1679 		if (Cflag != 0 || Gflag != 0) {
1680 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1681 			dumpinfo.WFileName = strdup(basename(WFileName));
1682 			if (dumpinfo.WFileName == NULL) {
1683 				error("Unable to allocate memory for file %s",
1684 				    WFileName);
1685 			}
1686 			dumpinfo.dirfd = open(dirname(WFileName),
1687 			    O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
1688 			if (dumpinfo.dirfd < 0) {
1689 				error("unable to open directory %s",
1690 				    dirname(WFileName));
1691 			}
1692 			cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_CREATE, CAP_FCNTL,
1693 			    CAP_FTRUNCATE, CAP_LOOKUP, CAP_SEEK, CAP_WRITE);
1694 			if (cap_rights_limit(dumpinfo.dirfd, &rights) < 0 &&
1695 			    errno != ENOSYS) {
1696 				error("unable to limit directory rights");
1697 			}
1698 			if (cap_fcntls_limit(dumpinfo.dirfd, CAP_FCNTL_GETFL) < 0 &&
1699 			    errno != ENOSYS) {
1700 				error("unable to limit dump descriptor fcntls");
1701 			}
1702 #else	/* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
1703 			dumpinfo.WFileName = WFileName;
1704 #endif
1705 			callback = dump_packet_and_trunc;
1706 			dumpinfo.pd = pd;
1707 			dumpinfo.p = p;
1708 			pcap_userdata = (u_char *)&dumpinfo;
1709 		} else {
1710 			callback = dump_packet;
1711 			pcap_userdata = (u_char *)p;
1712 		}
1713 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
1714 		if (Uflag)
1715 			pcap_dump_flush(p);
1716 #endif
1717 	} else {
1718 		dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
1719 		ndo->ndo_if_printer = get_if_printer(ndo, dlt);
1720 		callback = print_packet;
1721 		pcap_userdata = (u_char *)ndo;
1722 	}
1723 
1724 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
1725 	/*
1726 	 * We can't get statistics when reading from a file rather
1727 	 * than capturing from a device.
1728 	 */
1729 	if (RFileName == NULL)
1730 		(void)setsignal(SIGNAL_REQ_INFO, requestinfo);
1731 #endif
1732 
1733 	if (ndo->ndo_vflag > 0 && WFileName) {
1734 		/*
1735 		 * When capturing to a file, "-v" means tcpdump should,
1736 		 * every 10 seconds, "v"erbosely report the number of
1737 		 * packets captured.
1738 		 */
1739 #ifdef USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER
1740 		/* call verbose_stats_dump() each 1000 +/-100msec */
1741 		timer_id = timeSetEvent(1000, 100, verbose_stats_dump, 0, TIME_PERIODIC);
1742 		setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
1743 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
1744 		(void)setsignal(SIGALRM, verbose_stats_dump);
1745 		alarm(1);
1746 #endif
1747 	}
1748 
1749 #ifndef _WIN32
1750 	if (RFileName == NULL) {
1751 		/*
1752 		 * Live capture (if -V was specified, we set RFileName
1753 		 * to a file from the -V file).  Print a message to
1754 		 * the standard error on UN*X.
1755 		 */
1756 		if (!ndo->ndo_vflag && !WFileName) {
1757 			(void)fprintf(stderr,
1758 			    "%s: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode\n",
1759 			    program_name);
1760 		} else
1761 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
1762 		dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
1763 		dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
1764 		if (dlt_name == NULL) {
1765 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "listening on %s, link-type %u, capture size %u bytes\n",
1766 			    device, dlt, ndo->ndo_snaplen);
1767 		} else {
1768 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "listening on %s, link-type %s (%s), capture size %u bytes\n",
1769 			    device, dlt_name,
1770 			    pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt), ndo->ndo_snaplen);
1771 		}
1772 		(void)fflush(stderr);
1773 	}
1774 
1775 	/*
1776 	 * If a user name was specified with "-Z", attempt to switch to
1777 	 * that user's UID.  This would probably be used with sudo,
1778 	 * to allow tcpdump to be run in a special restricted
1779 	 * account (if you just want to allow users to open capture
1780 	 * devices, and can't just give users that permission,
1781 	 * you'd make tcpdump set-UID or set-GID).
1782 	 *
1783 	 * Tcpdump doesn't necessarily write only to one savefile;
1784 	 * the general only way to allow a -Z instance to write to
1785 	 * savefiles as the user under whose UID it's run, rather
1786 	 * than as the user specified with -Z, would thus be to switch
1787 	 * to the original user ID before opening a capture file and
1788 	 * then switch back to the -Z user ID after opening the savefile.
1789 	 * Switching to the -Z user ID only after opening the first
1790 	 * savefile doesn't handle the general case.
1791 	 */
1792 	if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0) {
1793 		if (username || chroot_dir)
1794 			droproot(username, chroot_dir);
1795 	}
1796 #endif /* _WIN32 */
1797 
1798 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1799 	cansandbox = (ndo->ndo_nflag && VFileName == NULL && zflag == NULL);
1800 	if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
1801 		error("unable to enter the capability mode");
1802 #endif	/* HAVE_CAPSICUM */
1803 
1804 	do {
1805 		status = pcap_loop(pd, cnt, callback, pcap_userdata);
1806 		if (WFileName == NULL) {
1807 			/*
1808 			 * We're printing packets.  Flush the printed output,
1809 			 * so it doesn't get intermingled with error output.
1810 			 */
1811 			if (status == -2) {
1812 				/*
1813 				 * We got interrupted, so perhaps we didn't
1814 				 * manage to finish a line we were printing.
1815 				 * Print an extra newline, just in case.
1816 				 */
1817 				putchar('\n');
1818 			}
1819 			(void)fflush(stdout);
1820 		}
1821                 if (status == -2) {
1822 			/*
1823 			 * We got interrupted. If we are reading multiple
1824 			 * files (via -V) set these so that we stop.
1825 			 */
1826 			VFileName = NULL;
1827 			ret = NULL;
1828 		}
1829 		if (status == -1) {
1830 			/*
1831 			 * Error.  Report it.
1832 			 */
1833 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: pcap_loop: %s\n",
1834 			    program_name, pcap_geterr(pd));
1835 		}
1836 		if (RFileName == NULL) {
1837 			/*
1838 			 * We're doing a live capture.  Report the capture
1839 			 * statistics.
1840 			 */
1841 			info(1);
1842 		}
1843 		pcap_close(pd);
1844 		if (VFileName != NULL) {
1845 			ret = get_next_file(VFile, VFileLine);
1846 			if (ret) {
1847 				int new_dlt;
1848 
1849 				RFileName = VFileLine;
1850 				pd = pcap_open_offline(RFileName, ebuf);
1851 				if (pd == NULL)
1852 					error("%s", ebuf);
1853 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
1854 				cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_READ);
1855 				if (cap_rights_limit(fileno(pcap_file(pd)),
1856 				    &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS) {
1857 					error("unable to limit pcap descriptor");
1858 				}
1859 #endif
1860 				new_dlt = pcap_datalink(pd);
1861 				if (new_dlt != dlt) {
1862 					/*
1863 					 * The new file has a different
1864 					 * link-layer header type from the
1865 					 * previous one.
1866 					 */
1867 					if (WFileName != NULL) {
1868 						/*
1869 						 * We're writing raw packets
1870 						 * that match the filter to
1871 						 * a pcap file.  pcap files
1872 						 * don't support multiple
1873 						 * different link-layer
1874 						 * header types, so we fail
1875 						 * here.
1876 						 */
1877 						error("%s: new dlt does not match original", RFileName);
1878 					}
1879 
1880 					/*
1881 					 * We're printing the decoded packets;
1882 					 * switch to the new DLT.
1883 					 *
1884 					 * To do that, we need to change
1885 					 * the printer, change the DLT name,
1886 					 * and recompile the filter with
1887 					 * the new DLT.
1888 					 */
1889 					dlt = new_dlt;
1890 					ndo->ndo_if_printer = get_if_printer(ndo, dlt);
1891 					if (pcap_compile(pd, &fcode, cmdbuf, Oflag, netmask) < 0)
1892 						error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1893 				}
1894 
1895 				/*
1896 				 * Set the filter on the new file.
1897 				 */
1898 				if (pcap_setfilter(pd, &fcode) < 0)
1899 					error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
1900 
1901 				/*
1902 				 * Report the new file.
1903 				 */
1904 				dlt_name = pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dlt);
1905 				if (dlt_name == NULL) {
1906 					fprintf(stderr, "reading from file %s, link-type %u\n",
1907 					    RFileName, dlt);
1908 				} else {
1909 					fprintf(stderr,
1910 					"reading from file %s, link-type %s (%s)\n",
1911 					    RFileName, dlt_name,
1912 					    pcap_datalink_val_to_description(dlt));
1913 				}
1914 			}
1915 		}
1916 	}
1917 	while (ret != NULL);
1918 
1919 	free(cmdbuf);
1920 	pcap_freecode(&fcode);
1921 	exit(status == -1 ? 1 : 0);
1922 }
1923 
1924 /* make a clean exit on interrupts */
1925 static RETSIGTYPE
1926 cleanup(int signo _U_)
1927 {
1928 #ifdef USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER
1929 	if (timer_id)
1930 		timeKillEvent(timer_id);
1931 	timer_id = 0;
1932 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
1933 	alarm(0);
1934 #endif
1935 
1936 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_BREAKLOOP
1937 	/*
1938 	 * We have "pcap_breakloop()"; use it, so that we do as little
1939 	 * as possible in the signal handler (it's probably not safe
1940 	 * to do anything with standard I/O streams in a signal handler -
1941 	 * the ANSI C standard doesn't say it is).
1942 	 */
1943 	pcap_breakloop(pd);
1944 #else
1945 	/*
1946 	 * We don't have "pcap_breakloop()"; this isn't safe, but
1947 	 * it's the best we can do.  Print the summary if we're
1948 	 * not reading from a savefile - i.e., if we're doing a
1949 	 * live capture - and exit.
1950 	 */
1951 	if (pd != NULL && pcap_file(pd) == NULL) {
1952 		/*
1953 		 * We got interrupted, so perhaps we didn't
1954 		 * manage to finish a line we were printing.
1955 		 * Print an extra newline, just in case.
1956 		 */
1957 		putchar('\n');
1958 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1959 		info(1);
1960 	}
1961 	exit(0);
1962 #endif
1963 }
1964 
1965 /*
1966   On windows, we do not use a fork, so we do not care less about
1967   waiting a child processes to die
1968  */
1969 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
1970 static RETSIGTYPE
1971 child_cleanup(int signo _U_)
1972 {
1973   wait(NULL);
1974 }
1975 #endif /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
1976 
1977 static void
1978 info(register int verbose)
1979 {
1980 	struct pcap_stat stats;
1981 
1982 	/*
1983 	 * Older versions of libpcap didn't set ps_ifdrop on some
1984 	 * platforms; initialize it to 0 to handle that.
1985 	 */
1986 	stats.ps_ifdrop = 0;
1987 	if (pcap_stats(pd, &stats) < 0) {
1988 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "pcap_stats: %s\n", pcap_geterr(pd));
1989 		infoprint = 0;
1990 		return;
1991 	}
1992 
1993 	if (!verbose)
1994 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
1995 
1996 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s captured", packets_captured,
1997 	    PLURAL_SUFFIX(packets_captured));
1998 	if (!verbose)
1999 		fputs(", ", stderr);
2000 	else
2001 		putc('\n', stderr);
2002 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s received by filter", stats.ps_recv,
2003 	    PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_recv));
2004 	if (!verbose)
2005 		fputs(", ", stderr);
2006 	else
2007 		putc('\n', stderr);
2008 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s dropped by kernel", stats.ps_drop,
2009 	    PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_drop));
2010 	if (stats.ps_ifdrop != 0) {
2011 		if (!verbose)
2012 			fputs(", ", stderr);
2013 		else
2014 			putc('\n', stderr);
2015 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%u packet%s dropped by interface\n",
2016 		    stats.ps_ifdrop, PLURAL_SUFFIX(stats.ps_ifdrop));
2017 	} else
2018 		putc('\n', stderr);
2019 	infoprint = 0;
2020 }
2021 
2022 #if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_VFORK)
2023 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
2024 #define fork_subprocess() fork()
2025 #else
2026 #define fork_subprocess() vfork()
2027 #endif
2028 static void
2029 compress_savefile(const char *filename)
2030 {
2031 	pid_t child;
2032 
2033 	child = fork_subprocess();
2034 	if (child == -1) {
2035 		fprintf(stderr,
2036 			"compress_savefile: fork failed: %s\n",
2037 			pcap_strerror(errno));
2038 		return;
2039 	}
2040 	if (child != 0) {
2041 		/* Parent process. */
2042 		return;
2043 	}
2044 
2045 	/*
2046 	 * Child process.
2047 	 * Set to lowest priority so that this doesn't disturb the capture.
2048 	 */
2049 #ifdef NZERO
2050 	setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, NZERO - 1);
2051 #else
2052 	setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 19);
2053 #endif
2054 	if (execlp(zflag, zflag, filename, (char *)NULL) == -1)
2055 		fprintf(stderr,
2056 			"compress_savefile: execlp(%s, %s) failed: %s\n",
2057 			zflag,
2058 			filename,
2059 			pcap_strerror(errno));
2060 #ifdef HAVE_FORK
2061 	exit(1);
2062 #else
2063 	_exit(1);
2064 #endif
2065 }
2066 #else  /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2067 static void
2068 compress_savefile(const char *filename)
2069 {
2070 	fprintf(stderr,
2071 		"compress_savefile failed. Functionality not implemented under your system\n");
2072 }
2073 #endif /* HAVE_FORK && HAVE_VFORK */
2074 
2075 static void
2076 dump_packet_and_trunc(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
2077 {
2078 	struct dump_info *dump_info;
2079 
2080 	++packets_captured;
2081 
2082 	++infodelay;
2083 
2084 	dump_info = (struct dump_info *)user;
2085 
2086 	/*
2087 	 * XXX - this won't force the file to rotate on the specified time
2088 	 * boundary, but it will rotate on the first packet received after the
2089 	 * specified Gflag number of seconds. Note: if a Gflag time boundary
2090 	 * and a Cflag size boundary coincide, the time rotation will occur
2091 	 * first thereby cancelling the Cflag boundary (since the file should
2092 	 * be 0).
2093 	 */
2094 	if (Gflag != 0) {
2095 		/* Check if it is time to rotate */
2096 		time_t t;
2097 
2098 		/* Get the current time */
2099 		if ((t = time(NULL)) == (time_t)-1) {
2100 			error("dump_and_trunc_packet: can't get current_time: %s",
2101 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
2102 		}
2103 
2104 
2105 		/* If the time is greater than the specified window, rotate */
2106 		if (t - Gflag_time >= Gflag) {
2107 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2108 			FILE *fp;
2109 			int fd;
2110 #endif
2111 
2112 			/* Update the Gflag_time */
2113 			Gflag_time = t;
2114 			/* Update Gflag_count */
2115 			Gflag_count++;
2116 			/*
2117 			 * Close the current file and open a new one.
2118 			 */
2119 			pcap_dump_close(dump_info->p);
2120 
2121 			/*
2122 			 * Compress the file we just closed, if the user asked for it
2123 			 */
2124 			if (zflag != NULL)
2125 				compress_savefile(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2126 
2127 			/*
2128 			 * Check to see if we've exceeded the Wflag (when
2129 			 * not using Cflag).
2130 			 */
2131 			if (Cflag == 0 && Wflag > 0 && Gflag_count >= Wflag) {
2132 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "Maximum file limit reached: %d\n",
2133 				    Wflag);
2134 				exit(0);
2135 				/* NOTREACHED */
2136 			}
2137 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName != NULL)
2138 				free(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2139 			/* Allocate space for max filename + \0. */
2140 			dump_info->CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
2141 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName == NULL)
2142 				error("dump_packet_and_trunc: malloc");
2143 			/*
2144 			 * Gflag was set otherwise we wouldn't be here. Reset the count
2145 			 * so multiple files would end with 1,2,3 in the filename.
2146 			 * The counting is handled with the -C flow after this.
2147 			 */
2148 			Cflag_count = 0;
2149 
2150 			/*
2151 			 * This is always the first file in the Cflag
2152 			 * rotation: e.g. 0
2153 			 * We also don't need numbering if Cflag is not set.
2154 			 */
2155 			if (Cflag != 0)
2156 				MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, 0,
2157 				    WflagChars);
2158 			else
2159 				MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, 0, 0);
2160 
2161 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2162 			capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2163 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2164 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2165 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2166 			fd = openat(dump_info->dirfd,
2167 			    dump_info->CurrentFileName,
2168 			    O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2169 			if (fd < 0) {
2170 				error("unable to open file %s",
2171 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2172 			}
2173 			fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
2174 			if (fp == NULL) {
2175 				error("unable to fdopen file %s",
2176 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2177 			}
2178 			dump_info->p = pcap_dump_fopen(dump_info->pd, fp);
2179 #else	/* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2180 			dump_info->p = pcap_dump_open(dump_info->pd, dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2181 #endif
2182 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2183 			capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2184 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2185 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2186 			if (dump_info->p == NULL)
2187 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2188 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2189 			set_dumper_capsicum_rights(dump_info->p);
2190 #endif
2191 		}
2192 	}
2193 
2194 	/*
2195 	 * XXX - this won't prevent capture files from getting
2196 	 * larger than Cflag - the last packet written to the
2197 	 * file could put it over Cflag.
2198 	 */
2199 	if (Cflag != 0) {
2200 		long size = pcap_dump_ftell(dump_info->p);
2201 
2202 		if (size == -1)
2203 			error("ftell fails on output file");
2204 		if (size > Cflag) {
2205 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2206 			FILE *fp;
2207 			int fd;
2208 #endif
2209 
2210 			/*
2211 			 * Close the current file and open a new one.
2212 			 */
2213 			pcap_dump_close(dump_info->p);
2214 
2215 			/*
2216 			 * Compress the file we just closed, if the user
2217 			 * asked for it.
2218 			 */
2219 			if (zflag != NULL)
2220 				compress_savefile(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2221 
2222 			Cflag_count++;
2223 			if (Wflag > 0) {
2224 				if (Cflag_count >= Wflag)
2225 					Cflag_count = 0;
2226 			}
2227 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName != NULL)
2228 				free(dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2229 			dump_info->CurrentFileName = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX + 1);
2230 			if (dump_info->CurrentFileName == NULL)
2231 				error("dump_packet_and_trunc: malloc");
2232 			MakeFilename(dump_info->CurrentFileName, dump_info->WFileName, Cflag_count, WflagChars);
2233 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2234 			capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2235 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2236 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2237 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2238 			fd = openat(dump_info->dirfd, dump_info->CurrentFileName,
2239 			    O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2240 			if (fd < 0) {
2241 				error("unable to open file %s",
2242 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2243 			}
2244 			fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
2245 			if (fp == NULL) {
2246 				error("unable to fdopen file %s",
2247 				    dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2248 			}
2249 			dump_info->p = pcap_dump_fopen(dump_info->pd, fp);
2250 #else	/* !HAVE_CAPSICUM */
2251 			dump_info->p = pcap_dump_open(dump_info->pd, dump_info->CurrentFileName);
2252 #endif
2253 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAP_NG
2254 			capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE);
2255 			capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_BOTH);
2256 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAP_NG */
2257 			if (dump_info->p == NULL)
2258 				error("%s", pcap_geterr(pd));
2259 #ifdef HAVE_CAPSICUM
2260 			set_dumper_capsicum_rights(dump_info->p);
2261 #endif
2262 		}
2263 	}
2264 
2265 	pcap_dump((u_char *)dump_info->p, h, sp);
2266 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
2267 	if (Uflag)
2268 		pcap_dump_flush(dump_info->p);
2269 #endif
2270 
2271 	--infodelay;
2272 	if (infoprint)
2273 		info(0);
2274 }
2275 
2276 static void
2277 dump_packet(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
2278 {
2279 	++packets_captured;
2280 
2281 	++infodelay;
2282 
2283 	pcap_dump(user, h, sp);
2284 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_DUMP_FLUSH
2285 	if (Uflag)
2286 		pcap_dump_flush((pcap_dumper_t *)user);
2287 #endif
2288 
2289 	--infodelay;
2290 	if (infoprint)
2291 		info(0);
2292 }
2293 
2294 static void
2295 print_packet(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h, const u_char *sp)
2296 {
2297 	++packets_captured;
2298 
2299 	++infodelay;
2300 
2301 	pretty_print_packet((netdissect_options *)user, h, sp, packets_captured);
2302 
2303 	--infodelay;
2304 	if (infoprint)
2305 		info(0);
2306 }
2307 
2308 #ifdef _WIN32
2309 	/*
2310 	 * XXX - there should really be libpcap calls to get the version
2311 	 * number as a string (the string would be generated from #defines
2312 	 * at run time, so that it's not generated from string constants
2313 	 * in the library, as, on many UNIX systems, those constants would
2314 	 * be statically linked into the application executable image, and
2315 	 * would thus reflect the version of libpcap on the system on
2316 	 * which the application was *linked*, not the system on which it's
2317 	 * *running*.
2318 	 *
2319 	 * That routine should be documented, unlike the "version[]"
2320 	 * string, so that UNIX vendors providing their own libpcaps
2321 	 * don't omit it (as a couple of vendors have...).
2322 	 *
2323 	 * Packet.dll should perhaps also export a routine to return the
2324 	 * version number of the Packet.dll code, to supply the
2325 	 * "Wpcap_version" information on Windows.
2326 	 */
2327 	char WDversion[]="current-git.tcpdump.org";
2328 #if !defined(HAVE_GENERATED_VERSION)
2329 	char version[]="current-git.tcpdump.org";
2330 #endif
2331 	char pcap_version[]="current-git.tcpdump.org";
2332 	char Wpcap_version[]="3.1";
2333 #endif
2334 
2335 #ifdef SIGNAL_REQ_INFO
2336 RETSIGTYPE requestinfo(int signo _U_)
2337 {
2338 	if (infodelay)
2339 		++infoprint;
2340 	else
2341 		info(0);
2342 }
2343 #endif
2344 
2345 /*
2346  * Called once each second in verbose mode while dumping to file
2347  */
2348 #ifdef USE_WIN32_MM_TIMER
2349 void CALLBACK verbose_stats_dump (UINT timer_id _U_, UINT msg _U_, DWORD_PTR arg _U_,
2350 				  DWORD_PTR dw1 _U_, DWORD_PTR dw2 _U_)
2351 {
2352 	if (infodelay == 0)
2353 		fprintf(stderr, "Got %u\r", packets_captured);
2354 }
2355 #elif defined(HAVE_ALARM)
2356 static void verbose_stats_dump(int sig _U_)
2357 {
2358 	if (infodelay == 0)
2359 		fprintf(stderr, "Got %u\r", packets_captured);
2360 	alarm(1);
2361 }
2362 #endif
2363 
2364 USES_APPLE_DEPRECATED_API
2365 static void
2366 print_version(void)
2367 {
2368 	extern char version[];
2369 #ifndef HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION
2370 #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_VERSION)
2371 	extern char pcap_version[];
2372 #else /* defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_VERSION) */
2373 	static char pcap_version[] = "unknown";
2374 #endif /* defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_PCAP_VERSION) */
2375 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
2376 
2377 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION
2378 #ifdef _WIN32
2379 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s, based on tcpdump version %s\n", program_name, WDversion, version);
2380 #else /* _WIN32 */
2381 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s\n", program_name, version);
2382 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2383 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n",pcap_lib_version());
2384 #else /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
2385 #ifdef _WIN32
2386 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s, based on tcpdump version %s\n", program_name, WDversion, version);
2387 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "WinPcap version %s, based on libpcap version %s\n",Wpcap_version, pcap_version);
2388 #else /* _WIN32 */
2389 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s version %s\n", program_name, version);
2390 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "libpcap version %s\n", pcap_version);
2391 #endif /* _WIN32 */
2392 #endif /* HAVE_PCAP_LIB_VERSION */
2393 
2394 #if defined(HAVE_LIBCRYPTO) && defined(SSLEAY_VERSION)
2395 	(void)fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION));
2396 #endif
2397 
2398 #ifdef USE_LIBSMI
2399 	(void)fprintf (stderr, "SMI-library: %s\n", smi_version_string);
2400 #endif
2401 }
2402 USES_APPLE_RST
2403 
2404 static void
2405 print_usage(void)
2406 {
2407 	print_version();
2408 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2409 "Usage: %s [-aAbd" D_FLAG "efhH" I_FLAG J_FLAG "KlLnNOpqStu" U_FLAG "vxX#]" B_FLAG_USAGE " [ -c count ]\n", program_name);
2410 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2411 "\t\t[ -C file_size ] [ -E algo:secret ] [ -F file ] [ -G seconds ]\n");
2412 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2413 "\t\t[ -i interface ]" j_FLAG_USAGE " [ -M secret ] [ --number ]\n");
2414 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SETDIRECTION
2415 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2416 "\t\t[ -Q in|out|inout ]\n");
2417 #endif
2418 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2419 "\t\t[ -r file ] [ -s snaplen ] ");
2420 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_TSTAMP_PRECISION
2421 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "[ --time-stamp-precision precision ]\n");
2422 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2423 "\t\t");
2424 #endif
2425 #ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
2426 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "[ --immediate-mode ] ");
2427 #endif
2428 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "[ -T type ] [ --version ] [ -V file ]\n");
2429 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2430 "\t\t[ -w file ] [ -W filecount ] [ -y datalinktype ] [ -z postrotate-command ]\n");
2431 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
2432 "\t\t[ -Z user ] [ expression ]\n");
2433 }
2434 /*
2435  * Local Variables:
2436  * c-style: whitesmith
2437  * c-basic-offset: 8
2438  * End:
2439  */
2440