xref: /netbsd-src/external/bsd/ntp/dist/sntp/libevent/include/event2/buffer.h (revision 6a493d6bc668897c91594964a732d38505b70cbb)
1 /*	$NetBSD: buffer.h,v 1.1.1.1 2013/12/27 23:31:32 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012 Niels Provos and Nick Mathewson
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
15  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 #ifndef EVENT2_BUFFER_H_INCLUDED_
29 #define EVENT2_BUFFER_H_INCLUDED_
30 
31 /** @file event2/buffer.h
32 
33   Functions for buffering data for network sending or receiving.
34 
35   An evbuffer can be used for preparing data before sending it to
36   the network or conversely for reading data from the network.
37   Evbuffers try to avoid memory copies as much as possible.  As a
38   result, evbuffers can be used to pass data around without actually
39   incurring the overhead of copying the data.
40 
41   A new evbuffer can be allocated with evbuffer_new(), and can be
42   freed with evbuffer_free().  Most users will be using evbuffers via
43   the bufferevent interface.  To access a bufferevent's evbuffers, use
44   bufferevent_get_input() and bufferevent_get_output().
45 
46   There are several guidelines for using evbuffers.
47 
48   - if you already know how much data you are going to add as a result
49     of calling evbuffer_add() multiple times, it makes sense to use
50     evbuffer_expand() first to make sure that enough memory is allocated
51     before hand.
52 
53   - evbuffer_add_buffer() adds the contents of one buffer to the other
54     without incurring any unnecessary memory copies.
55 
56   - evbuffer_add() and evbuffer_add_buffer() do not mix very well:
57     if you use them, you will wind up with fragmented memory in your
58 	buffer.
59 
60   - For high-performance code, you may want to avoid copying data into and out
61     of buffers.  You can skip the copy step by using
62     evbuffer_reserve_space()/evbuffer_commit_space() when writing into a
63     buffer, and evbuffer_peek() when reading.
64 
65   In Libevent 2.0 and later, evbuffers are represented using a linked
66   list of memory chunks, with pointers to the first and last chunk in
67   the chain.
68 
69   As the contents of an evbuffer can be stored in multiple different
70   memory blocks, it cannot be accessed directly.  Instead, evbuffer_pullup()
71   can be used to force a specified number of bytes to be contiguous. This
72   will cause memory reallocation and memory copies if the data is split
73   across multiple blocks.  It is more efficient, however, to use
74   evbuffer_peek() if you don't require that the memory to be contiguous.
75  */
76 
77 #ifdef __cplusplus
78 extern "C" {
79 #endif
80 
81 #include <event2/event-config.h>
82 #include <stdarg.h>
83 #ifdef EVENT__HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
84 #include <sys/types.h>
85 #endif
86 #ifdef EVENT__HAVE_SYS_UIO_H
87 #include <sys/uio.h>
88 #endif
89 #include <event2/util.h>
90 
91 /**
92    An evbuffer is an opaque data type for efficiently buffering data to be
93    sent or received on the network.
94 
95    @see event2/event.h for more information
96 */
97 struct evbuffer
98 #ifdef EVENT_IN_DOXYGEN_
99 {}
100 #endif
101 ;
102 
103 /**
104     Pointer to a position within an evbuffer.
105 
106     Used when repeatedly searching through a buffer.  Calling any function
107     that modifies or re-packs the buffer contents may invalidate all
108     evbuffer_ptrs for that buffer.  Do not modify these values except with
109     evbuffer_ptr_set.
110 
111     Used when repeatedly searching through a buffer.  Calls to any function
112     that modifies or re-packs the buffer contents may invalidate all
113     evbuffer_ptrs for that buffer.  Do not modify these values except with
114     evbuffer_ptr_set.
115 
116     An evbuffer_ptr can represent any position from the start of a buffer up
117     to a position immediately after the end of a buffer.
118 
119     @see evbuffer_ptr_set()
120  */
121 struct evbuffer_ptr {
122 	ev_ssize_t pos;
123 
124 	/* Do not alter or rely on the values of fields: they are for internal
125 	 * use */
126 	struct {
127 		void *chain;
128 		size_t pos_in_chain;
129 	} internal_;
130 };
131 
132 /** Describes a single extent of memory inside an evbuffer.  Used for
133     direct-access functions.
134 
135     @see evbuffer_reserve_space, evbuffer_commit_space, evbuffer_peek
136  */
137 #ifdef EVENT__HAVE_SYS_UIO_H
138 #define evbuffer_iovec iovec
139 /* Internal use -- defined only if we are using the native struct iovec */
140 #define EVBUFFER_IOVEC_IS_NATIVE_
141 #else
142 struct evbuffer_iovec {
143 	/** The start of the extent of memory. */
144 	void *iov_base;
145 	/** The length of the extent of memory. */
146 	size_t iov_len;
147 };
148 #endif
149 
150 /**
151   Allocate storage for a new evbuffer.
152 
153   @return a pointer to a newly allocated evbuffer struct, or NULL if an error
154 	occurred
155  */
156 struct evbuffer *evbuffer_new(void);
157 /**
158   Deallocate storage for an evbuffer.
159 
160   @param buf pointer to the evbuffer to be freed
161  */
162 void evbuffer_free(struct evbuffer *buf);
163 
164 /**
165    Enable locking on an evbuffer so that it can safely be used by multiple
166    threads at the same time.
167 
168    NOTE: when locking is enabled, the lock will be held when callbacks are
169    invoked.  This could result in deadlock if you aren't careful.  Plan
170    accordingly!
171 
172    @param buf An evbuffer to make lockable.
173    @param lock A lock object, or NULL if we should allocate our own.
174    @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
175  */
176 int evbuffer_enable_locking(struct evbuffer *buf, void *lock);
177 
178 /**
179    Acquire the lock on an evbuffer.  Has no effect if locking was not enabled
180    with evbuffer_enable_locking.
181 */
182 void evbuffer_lock(struct evbuffer *buf);
183 
184 /**
185    Release the lock on an evbuffer.  Has no effect if locking was not enabled
186    with evbuffer_enable_locking.
187 */
188 void evbuffer_unlock(struct evbuffer *buf);
189 
190 
191 /** If this flag is set, then we will not use evbuffer_peek(),
192  * evbuffer_remove(), evbuffer_remove_buffer(), and so on to read bytes
193  * from this buffer: we'll only take bytes out of this buffer by
194  * writing them to the network (as with evbuffer_write_atmost), by
195  * removing them without observing them (as with evbuffer_drain),
196  * or by copying them all out at once (as with evbuffer_add_buffer).
197  *
198  * Using this option allows the implementation to use sendfile-based
199  * operations for evbuffer_add_file(); see that function for more
200  * information.
201  *
202  * This flag is on by default for bufferevents that can take advantage
203  * of it; you should never actually need to set it on a bufferevent's
204  * output buffer.
205  */
206 #define EVBUFFER_FLAG_DRAINS_TO_FD 1
207 
208 /** Change the flags that are set for an evbuffer by adding more.
209  *
210  * @param buffer the evbuffer that the callback is watching.
211  * @param cb the callback whose status we want to change.
212  * @param flags One or more EVBUFFER_FLAG_* options
213  * @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
214  */
215 int evbuffer_set_flags(struct evbuffer *buf, ev_uint64_t flags);
216 /** Change the flags that are set for an evbuffer by removing some.
217  *
218  * @param buffer the evbuffer that the callback is watching.
219  * @param cb the callback whose status we want to change.
220  * @param flags One or more EVBUFFER_FLAG_* options
221  * @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
222  */
223 int evbuffer_clear_flags(struct evbuffer *buf, ev_uint64_t flags);
224 
225 /**
226   Returns the total number of bytes stored in the evbuffer
227 
228   @param buf pointer to the evbuffer
229   @return the number of bytes stored in the evbuffer
230 */
231 size_t evbuffer_get_length(const struct evbuffer *buf);
232 
233 /**
234    Returns the number of contiguous available bytes in the first buffer chain.
235 
236    This is useful when processing data that might be split into multiple
237    chains, or that might all be in the first chain.  Calls to
238    evbuffer_pullup() that cause reallocation and copying of data can thus be
239    avoided.
240 
241    @param buf pointer to the evbuffer
242    @return 0 if no data is available, otherwise the number of available bytes
243      in the first buffer chain.
244 */
245 size_t evbuffer_get_contiguous_space(const struct evbuffer *buf);
246 
247 /**
248   Expands the available space in an evbuffer.
249 
250   Expands the available space in the evbuffer to at least datlen, so that
251   appending datlen additional bytes will not require any new allocations.
252 
253   @param buf the evbuffer to be expanded
254   @param datlen the new minimum length requirement
255   @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
256 */
257 int evbuffer_expand(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t datlen);
258 
259 /**
260    Reserves space in the last chain or chains of an evbuffer.
261 
262    Makes space available in the last chain or chains of an evbuffer that can
263    be arbitrarily written to by a user.  The space does not become
264    available for reading until it has been committed with
265    evbuffer_commit_space().
266 
267    The space is made available as one or more extents, represented by
268    an initial pointer and a length.  You can force the memory to be
269    available as only one extent.  Allowing more extents, however, makes the
270    function more efficient.
271 
272    Multiple subsequent calls to this function will make the same space
273    available until evbuffer_commit_space() has been called.
274 
275    It is an error to do anything that moves around the buffer's internal
276    memory structures before committing the space.
277 
278    NOTE: The code currently does not ever use more than two extents.
279    This may change in future versions.
280 
281    @param buf the evbuffer in which to reserve space.
282    @param size how much space to make available, at minimum.  The
283       total length of the extents may be greater than the requested
284       length.
285    @param vec an array of one or more evbuffer_iovec structures to
286       hold pointers to the reserved extents of memory.
287    @param n_vec The length of the vec array.  Must be at least 1;
288        2 is more efficient.
289    @return the number of provided extents, or -1 on error.
290    @see evbuffer_commit_space()
291 */
292 int
293 evbuffer_reserve_space(struct evbuffer *buf, ev_ssize_t size,
294     struct evbuffer_iovec *vec, int n_vec);
295 
296 /**
297    Commits previously reserved space.
298 
299    Commits some of the space previously reserved with
300    evbuffer_reserve_space().  It then becomes available for reading.
301 
302    This function may return an error if the pointer in the extents do
303    not match those returned from evbuffer_reserve_space, or if data
304    has been added to the buffer since the space was reserved.
305 
306    If you want to commit less data than you got reserved space for,
307    modify the iov_len pointer of the appropriate extent to a smaller
308    value.  Note that you may have received more space than you
309    requested if it was available!
310 
311    @param buf the evbuffer in which to reserve space.
312    @param vec one or two extents returned by evbuffer_reserve_space.
313    @param n_vecs the number of extents.
314    @return 0 on success, -1 on error
315    @see evbuffer_reserve_space()
316 */
317 int evbuffer_commit_space(struct evbuffer *buf,
318     struct evbuffer_iovec *vec, int n_vecs);
319 
320 /**
321   Append data to the end of an evbuffer.
322 
323   @param buf the evbuffer to be appended to
324   @param data pointer to the beginning of the data buffer
325   @param datlen the number of bytes to be copied from the data buffer
326   @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
327  */
328 int evbuffer_add(struct evbuffer *buf, const void *data, size_t datlen);
329 
330 
331 /**
332   Read data from an evbuffer and drain the bytes read.
333 
334   If more bytes are requested than are available in the evbuffer, we
335   only extract as many bytes as were available.
336 
337   @param buf the evbuffer to be read from
338   @param data the destination buffer to store the result
339   @param datlen the maximum size of the destination buffer
340   @return the number of bytes read, or -1 if we can't drain the buffer.
341  */
342 int evbuffer_remove(struct evbuffer *buf, void *data, size_t datlen);
343 
344 /**
345   Read data from an evbuffer, and leave the buffer unchanged.
346 
347   If more bytes are requested than are available in the evbuffer, we
348   only extract as many bytes as were available.
349 
350   @param buf the evbuffer to be read from
351   @param data_out the destination buffer to store the result
352   @param datlen the maximum size of the destination buffer
353   @return the number of bytes read, or -1 if we can't drain the buffer.
354  */
355 ev_ssize_t evbuffer_copyout(struct evbuffer *buf, void *data_out, size_t datlen);
356 
357 /**
358   Read data from the middle of an evbuffer, and leave the buffer unchanged.
359 
360   If more bytes are requested than are available in the evbuffer, we
361   only extract as many bytes as were available.
362 
363   @param buf the evbuffer to be read from
364   @param pos the position to start reading from
365   @param data_out the destination buffer to store the result
366   @param datlen the maximum size of the destination buffer
367   @return the number of bytes read, or -1 if we can't drain the buffer.
368  */
369 ev_ssize_t evbuffer_copyout_from(struct evbuffer *buf, const struct evbuffer_ptr *pos, void *data_out, size_t datlen);
370 
371 /**
372   Read data from an evbuffer into another evbuffer, draining
373   the bytes from the source buffer.  This function avoids copy
374   operations to the extent possible.
375 
376   If more bytes are requested than are available in src, the src
377   buffer is drained completely.
378 
379   @param src the evbuffer to be read from
380   @param dst the destination evbuffer to store the result into
381   @param datlen the maximum numbers of bytes to transfer
382   @return the number of bytes read
383  */
384 int evbuffer_remove_buffer(struct evbuffer *src, struct evbuffer *dst,
385     size_t datlen);
386 
387 /** Used to tell evbuffer_readln what kind of line-ending to look for.
388  */
389 enum evbuffer_eol_style {
390 	/** Any sequence of CR and LF characters is acceptable as an
391 	 * EOL.
392 	 *
393 	 * Note that this style can produce ambiguous results: the
394 	 * sequence "CRLF" will be treated as a single EOL if it is
395 	 * all in the buffer at once, but if you first read a CR from
396 	 * the network and later read an LF from the network, it will
397 	 * be treated as two EOLs.
398 	 */
399 	EVBUFFER_EOL_ANY,
400 	/** An EOL is an LF, optionally preceded by a CR.  This style is
401 	 * most useful for implementing text-based internet protocols. */
402 	EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF,
403 	/** An EOL is a CR followed by an LF. */
404 	EVBUFFER_EOL_CRLF_STRICT,
405 	/** An EOL is a LF. */
406 	EVBUFFER_EOL_LF,
407 	/** An EOL is a NUL character (that is, a single byte with value 0) */
408 	EVBUFFER_EOL_NUL
409 };
410 
411 /**
412  * Read a single line from an evbuffer.
413  *
414  * Reads a line terminated by an EOL as determined by the evbuffer_eol_style
415  * argument.  Returns a newly allocated nul-terminated string; the caller must
416  * free the returned value.  The EOL is not included in the returned string.
417  *
418  * @param buffer the evbuffer to read from
419  * @param n_read_out if non-NULL, points to a size_t that is set to the
420  *       number of characters in the returned string.  This is useful for
421  *       strings that can contain NUL characters.
422  * @param eol_style the style of line-ending to use.
423  * @return pointer to a single line, or NULL if an error occurred
424  */
425 char *evbuffer_readln(struct evbuffer *buffer, size_t *n_read_out,
426     enum evbuffer_eol_style eol_style);
427 
428 /**
429   Move all data from one evbuffer into another evbuffer.
430 
431   This is a destructive add.  The data from one buffer moves into
432   the other buffer.  However, no unnecessary memory copies occur.
433 
434   @param outbuf the output buffer
435   @param inbuf the input buffer
436   @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
437 
438   @see evbuffer_remove_buffer()
439  */
440 int evbuffer_add_buffer(struct evbuffer *outbuf, struct evbuffer *inbuf);
441 
442 /**
443   Copy data from one evbuffer into another evbuffer.
444 
445   This is a non-destructive add.  The data from one buffer is copied
446   into the other buffer.  However, no unnecessary memory copies occur.
447 
448   Note that buffers already containing buffer references can't be added
449   to other buffers.
450 
451   @param outbuf the output buffer
452   @param inbuf the input buffer
453   @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
454  */
455 int evbuffer_add_buffer_reference(struct evbuffer *outbuf,
456     struct evbuffer *inbuf);
457 
458 /**
459    A cleanup function for a piece of memory added to an evbuffer by
460    reference.
461 
462    @see evbuffer_add_reference()
463  */
464 typedef void (*evbuffer_ref_cleanup_cb)(const void *data,
465     size_t datalen, void *extra);
466 
467 /**
468   Reference memory into an evbuffer without copying.
469 
470   The memory needs to remain valid until all the added data has been
471   read.  This function keeps just a reference to the memory without
472   actually incurring the overhead of a copy.
473 
474   @param outbuf the output buffer
475   @param data the memory to reference
476   @param datlen how memory to reference
477   @param cleanupfn callback to be invoked when the memory is no longer
478 	referenced by this evbuffer.
479   @param cleanupfn_arg optional argument to the cleanup callback
480   @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
481  */
482 int evbuffer_add_reference(struct evbuffer *outbuf,
483     const void *data, size_t datlen,
484     evbuffer_ref_cleanup_cb cleanupfn, void *cleanupfn_arg);
485 
486 /**
487   Copy data from a file into the evbuffer for writing to a socket.
488 
489   This function avoids unnecessary data copies between userland and
490   kernel.  If sendfile is available and the EVBUFFER_FLAG_DRAINS_TO_FD
491   flag is set, it uses those functions.  Otherwise, it tries to use
492   mmap (or CreateFileMapping on Windows).
493 
494   The function owns the resulting file descriptor and will close it
495   when finished transferring data.
496 
497   The results of using evbuffer_remove() or evbuffer_pullup() on
498   evbuffers whose data was added using this function are undefined.
499 
500   For more fine-grained control, use evbuffer_add_file_segment.
501 
502   @param outbuf the output buffer
503   @param fd the file descriptor
504   @param offset the offset from which to read data
505   @param length how much data to read, or -1 to read as much as possible.
506     (-1 requires that 'fd' support fstat.)
507   @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
508 */
509 
510 int evbuffer_add_file(struct evbuffer *outbuf, int fd, ev_off_t offset,
511     ev_off_t length);
512 
513 /**
514   An evbuffer_file_segment holds a reference to a range of a file --
515   possibly the whole file! -- for use in writing from an evbuffer to a
516   socket.  It could be implemented with mmap, sendfile, splice, or (if all
517   else fails) by just pulling all the data into RAM.  A single
518   evbuffer_file_segment can be added more than once, and to more than one
519   evbuffer.
520  */
521 struct evbuffer_file_segment;
522 
523 /**
524     Flag for creating evbuffer_file_segment: If this flag is set, then when
525     the evbuffer_file_segment is freed and no longer in use by any
526     evbuffer, the underlying fd is closed.
527  */
528 #define EVBUF_FS_CLOSE_ON_FREE    0x01
529 /**
530    Flag for creating evbuffer_file_segment: Disable memory-map based
531    implementations.
532  */
533 #define EVBUF_FS_DISABLE_MMAP     0x02
534 /**
535    Flag for creating evbuffer_file_segment: Disable direct fd-to-fd
536    implementations (including sendfile and splice).
537 
538    You might want to use this option if data needs to be taken from the
539    evbuffer by any means other than writing it to the network: the sendfile
540    backend is fast, but it only works for sending files directly to the
541    network.
542  */
543 #define EVBUF_FS_DISABLE_SENDFILE 0x04
544 /**
545    Flag for creating evbuffer_file_segment: Do not allocate a lock for this
546    segment.  If this option is set, then neither the segment nor any
547    evbuffer it is added to may ever be accessed from more than one thread
548    at a time.
549  */
550 #define EVBUF_FS_DISABLE_LOCKING  0x08
551 
552 /**
553    A cleanup function for a evbuffer_file_segment added to an evbuffer
554    for reference.
555  */
556 typedef void (*evbuffer_file_segment_cleanup_cb)(
557     struct evbuffer_file_segment const* seg, int flags, void* arg);
558 
559 /**
560    Create and return a new evbuffer_file_segment for reading data from a
561    file and sending it out via an evbuffer.
562 
563    This function avoids unnecessary data copies between userland and
564    kernel.  Where available, it uses sendfile or splice.
565 
566    The file descriptor must not be closed so long as any evbuffer is using
567    this segment.
568 
569    The results of using evbuffer_remove() or evbuffer_pullup() or any other
570    function that reads bytes from an evbuffer on any evbuffer containing
571    the newly returned segment are undefined, unless you pass the
572    EVBUF_FS_DISABLE_SENDFILE flag to this function.
573 
574    @param fd an open file to read from.
575    @param offset an index within the file at which to start reading
576    @param length how much data to read, or -1 to read as much as possible.
577       (-1 requires that 'fd' support fstat.)
578    @param flags any number of the EVBUF_FS_* flags
579    @return a new evbuffer_file_segment, or NULL on failure.
580  **/
581 struct evbuffer_file_segment *evbuffer_file_segment_new(
582 	int fd, ev_off_t offset, ev_off_t length, unsigned flags);
583 
584 /**
585    Free an evbuffer_file_segment
586 
587    It is safe to call this function even if the segment has been added to
588    one or more evbuffers.  The evbuffer_file_segment will not be freed
589    until no more references to it exist.
590  */
591 void evbuffer_file_segment_free(struct evbuffer_file_segment *seg);
592 
593 /**
594    Add cleanup callback and argument for the callback to an
595    evbuffer_file_segment.
596 
597    The cleanup callback will be invoked when no more references to the
598    evbuffer_file_segment exist.
599  **/
600 void evbuffer_file_segment_add_cleanup_cb(struct evbuffer_file_segment *seg,
601 	evbuffer_file_segment_cleanup_cb cb, void* arg);
602 
603 /**
604    Insert some or all of an evbuffer_file_segment at the end of an evbuffer
605 
606    Note that the offset and length parameters of this function have a
607    different meaning from those provided to evbuffer_file_segment_new: When
608    you create the segment, the offset is the offset _within the file_, and
609    the length is the length _of the segment_, whereas when you add a
610    segment to an evbuffer, the offset is _within the segment_ and the
611    length is the length of the _part of the segment you want to use.
612 
613    In other words, if you have a 10 KiB file, and you create an
614    evbuffer_file_segment for it with offset 20 and length 1000, it will
615    refer to bytes 20..1019 inclusive.  If you then pass this segment to
616    evbuffer_add_file_segment and specify an offset of 20 and a length of
617    50, you will be adding bytes 40..99 inclusive.
618 
619    @param buf the evbuffer to append to
620    @param seg the segment to add
621    @param offset the offset within the segment to start from
622    @param length the amount of data to add, or -1 to add it all.
623    @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
624  */
625 int evbuffer_add_file_segment(struct evbuffer *buf,
626     struct evbuffer_file_segment *seg, ev_off_t offset, ev_off_t length);
627 
628 /**
629   Append a formatted string to the end of an evbuffer.
630 
631   The string is formated as printf.
632 
633   @param buf the evbuffer that will be appended to
634   @param fmt a format string
635   @param ... arguments that will be passed to printf(3)
636   @return The number of bytes added if successful, or -1 if an error occurred.
637 
638   @see evutil_printf(), evbuffer_add_vprintf()
639  */
640 int evbuffer_add_printf(struct evbuffer *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
641 #ifdef __GNUC__
642   __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)))
643 #endif
644 ;
645 
646 /**
647   Append a va_list formatted string to the end of an evbuffer.
648 
649   @param buf the evbuffer that will be appended to
650   @param fmt a format string
651   @param ap a varargs va_list argument array that will be passed to vprintf(3)
652   @return The number of bytes added if successful, or -1 if an error occurred.
653  */
654 int evbuffer_add_vprintf(struct evbuffer *buf, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
655 #ifdef __GNUC__
656 	__attribute__((format(printf, 2, 0)))
657 #endif
658 ;
659 
660 
661 /**
662   Remove a specified number of bytes data from the beginning of an evbuffer.
663 
664   @param buf the evbuffer to be drained
665   @param len the number of bytes to drain from the beginning of the buffer
666   @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
667  */
668 int evbuffer_drain(struct evbuffer *buf, size_t len);
669 
670 
671 /**
672   Write the contents of an evbuffer to a file descriptor.
673 
674   The evbuffer will be drained after the bytes have been successfully written.
675 
676   @param buffer the evbuffer to be written and drained
677   @param fd the file descriptor to be written to
678   @return the number of bytes written, or -1 if an error occurred
679   @see evbuffer_read()
680  */
681 int evbuffer_write(struct evbuffer *buffer, evutil_socket_t fd);
682 
683 /**
684   Write some of the contents of an evbuffer to a file descriptor.
685 
686   The evbuffer will be drained after the bytes have been successfully written.
687 
688   @param buffer the evbuffer to be written and drained
689   @param fd the file descriptor to be written to
690   @param howmuch the largest allowable number of bytes to write, or -1
691 	to write as many bytes as we can.
692   @return the number of bytes written, or -1 if an error occurred
693   @see evbuffer_read()
694  */
695 int evbuffer_write_atmost(struct evbuffer *buffer, evutil_socket_t fd,
696 						  ev_ssize_t howmuch);
697 
698 /**
699   Read from a file descriptor and store the result in an evbuffer.
700 
701   @param buffer the evbuffer to store the result
702   @param fd the file descriptor to read from
703   @param howmuch the number of bytes to be read
704   @return the number of bytes read, or -1 if an error occurred
705   @see evbuffer_write()
706  */
707 int evbuffer_read(struct evbuffer *buffer, evutil_socket_t fd, int howmuch);
708 
709 /**
710    Search for a string within an evbuffer.
711 
712    @param buffer the evbuffer to be searched
713    @param what the string to be searched for
714    @param len the length of the search string
715    @param start NULL or a pointer to a valid struct evbuffer_ptr.
716    @return a struct evbuffer_ptr whose 'pos' field has the offset of the
717      first occurrence of the string in the buffer after 'start'.  The 'pos'
718      field of the result is -1 if the string was not found.
719  */
720 struct evbuffer_ptr evbuffer_search(struct evbuffer *buffer, const char *what, size_t len, const struct evbuffer_ptr *start);
721 
722 /**
723    Search for a string within part of an evbuffer.
724 
725    @param buffer the evbuffer to be searched
726    @param what the string to be searched for
727    @param len the length of the search string
728    @param start NULL or a pointer to a valid struct evbuffer_ptr that
729      indicates where we should start searching.
730    @param end NULL or a pointer to a valid struct evbuffer_ptr that
731      indicates where we should stop searching.
732    @return a struct evbuffer_ptr whose 'pos' field has the offset of the
733      first occurrence of the string in the buffer after 'start'.  The 'pos'
734      field of the result is -1 if the string was not found.
735  */
736 struct evbuffer_ptr evbuffer_search_range(struct evbuffer *buffer, const char *what, size_t len, const struct evbuffer_ptr *start, const struct evbuffer_ptr *end);
737 
738 /**
739    Defines how to adjust an evbuffer_ptr by evbuffer_ptr_set()
740 
741    @see evbuffer_ptr_set() */
742 enum evbuffer_ptr_how {
743 	/** Sets the pointer to the position; can be called on with an
744 	    uninitialized evbuffer_ptr. */
745 	EVBUFFER_PTR_SET,
746 	/** Advances the pointer by adding to the current position. */
747 	EVBUFFER_PTR_ADD
748 };
749 
750 /**
751    Sets the search pointer in the buffer to position.
752 
753    There are two ways to use this function: you can call
754       evbuffer_ptr_set(buf, &pos, N, EVBUFFER_PTR_SET)
755    to move 'pos' to a position 'N' bytes after the start of the buffer, or
756       evbuffer_ptr_set(buf, &pos, N, EVBUFFER_PTR_SET)
757    to move 'pos' forward by 'N' bytes.
758 
759    If evbuffer_ptr is not initialized, this function can only be called
760    with EVBUFFER_PTR_SET.
761 
762    An evbuffer_ptr can represent any position from the start of the buffer to
763    a position immediately after the end of the buffer.
764 
765    @param buffer the evbuffer to be search
766    @param ptr a pointer to a struct evbuffer_ptr
767    @param position the position at which to start the next search
768    @param how determines how the pointer should be manipulated.
769    @returns 0 on success or -1 otherwise
770 */
771 int
772 evbuffer_ptr_set(struct evbuffer *buffer, struct evbuffer_ptr *ptr,
773     size_t position, enum evbuffer_ptr_how how);
774 
775 /**
776    Search for an end-of-line string within an evbuffer.
777 
778    @param buffer the evbuffer to be searched
779    @param start NULL or a pointer to a valid struct evbuffer_ptr to start
780       searching at.
781    @param eol_len_out If non-NULL, the pointed-to value will be set to
782       the length of the end-of-line string.
783    @param eol_style The kind of EOL to look for; see evbuffer_readln() for
784       more information
785    @return a struct evbuffer_ptr whose 'pos' field has the offset of the
786      first occurrence EOL in the buffer after 'start'.  The 'pos'
787      field of the result is -1 if the string was not found.
788  */
789 struct evbuffer_ptr evbuffer_search_eol(struct evbuffer *buffer,
790     struct evbuffer_ptr *start, size_t *eol_len_out,
791     enum evbuffer_eol_style eol_style);
792 
793 /** Function to peek at data inside an evbuffer without removing it or
794     copying it out.
795 
796     Pointers to the data are returned by filling the 'vec_out' array
797     with pointers to one or more extents of data inside the buffer.
798 
799     The total data in the extents that you get back may be more than
800     you requested (if there is more data last extent than you asked
801     for), or less (if you do not provide enough evbuffer_iovecs, or if
802     the buffer does not have as much data as you asked to see).
803 
804     @param buffer the evbuffer to peek into,
805     @param len the number of bytes to try to peek.  If len is negative, we
806        will try to fill as much of vec_out as we can.  If len is negative
807        and vec_out is not provided, we return the number of evbuffer_iovecs
808        that would be needed to get all the data in the buffer.
809     @param start_at an evbuffer_ptr indicating the point at which we
810        should start looking for data.  NULL means, "At the start of the
811        buffer."
812     @param vec_out an array of evbuffer_iovec
813     @param n_vec the length of vec_out.  If 0, we only count how many
814        extents would be necessary to point to the requested amount of
815        data.
816     @return The number of extents needed.  This may be less than n_vec
817        if we didn't need all the evbuffer_iovecs we were given, or more
818        than n_vec if we would need more to return all the data that was
819        requested.
820  */
821 int evbuffer_peek(struct evbuffer *buffer, ev_ssize_t len,
822     struct evbuffer_ptr *start_at,
823     struct evbuffer_iovec *vec_out, int n_vec);
824 
825 
826 /** Structure passed to an evbuffer_cb_func evbuffer callback
827 
828     @see evbuffer_cb_func, evbuffer_add_cb()
829  */
830 struct evbuffer_cb_info {
831 	/** The number of bytes in this evbuffer when callbacks were last
832 	 * invoked. */
833 	size_t orig_size;
834 	/** The number of bytes added since callbacks were last invoked. */
835 	size_t n_added;
836 	/** The number of bytes removed since callbacks were last invoked. */
837 	size_t n_deleted;
838 };
839 
840 /** Type definition for a callback that is invoked whenever data is added or
841     removed from an evbuffer.
842 
843     An evbuffer may have one or more callbacks set at a time.  The order
844     in which they are executed is undefined.
845 
846     A callback function may add more callbacks, or remove itself from the
847     list of callbacks, or add or remove data from the buffer.  It may not
848     remove another callback from the list.
849 
850     If a callback adds or removes data from the buffer or from another
851     buffer, this can cause a recursive invocation of your callback or
852     other callbacks.  If you ask for an infinite loop, you might just get
853     one: watch out!
854 
855     @param buffer the buffer whose size has changed
856     @param info a structure describing how the buffer changed.
857     @param arg a pointer to user data
858 */
859 typedef void (*evbuffer_cb_func)(struct evbuffer *buffer, const struct evbuffer_cb_info *info, void *arg);
860 
861 struct evbuffer_cb_entry;
862 /** Add a new callback to an evbuffer.
863 
864   Subsequent calls to evbuffer_add_cb() add new callbacks.  To remove this
865   callback, call evbuffer_remove_cb or evbuffer_remove_cb_entry.
866 
867   @param buffer the evbuffer to be monitored
868   @param cb the callback function to invoke when the evbuffer is modified,
869 	or NULL to remove all callbacks.
870   @param cbarg an argument to be provided to the callback function
871   @return a handle to the callback on success, or NULL on failure.
872  */
873 struct evbuffer_cb_entry *evbuffer_add_cb(struct evbuffer *buffer, evbuffer_cb_func cb, void *cbarg);
874 
875 /** Remove a callback from an evbuffer, given a handle returned from
876     evbuffer_add_cb.
877 
878     Calling this function invalidates the handle.
879 
880     @return 0 if a callback was removed, or -1 if no matching callback was
881     found.
882  */
883 int evbuffer_remove_cb_entry(struct evbuffer *buffer,
884 			     struct evbuffer_cb_entry *ent);
885 
886 /** Remove a callback from an evbuffer, given the function and argument
887     used to add it.
888 
889     @return 0 if a callback was removed, or -1 if no matching callback was
890     found.
891  */
892 int evbuffer_remove_cb(struct evbuffer *buffer, evbuffer_cb_func cb, void *cbarg);
893 
894 /** If this flag is not set, then a callback is temporarily disabled, and
895  * should not be invoked.
896  *
897  * @see evbuffer_cb_set_flags(), evbuffer_cb_clear_flags()
898  */
899 #define EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED 1
900 
901 /** Change the flags that are set for a callback on a buffer by adding more.
902 
903     @param buffer the evbuffer that the callback is watching.
904     @param cb the callback whose status we want to change.
905     @param flags EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED to re-enable the callback.
906     @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
907  */
908 int evbuffer_cb_set_flags(struct evbuffer *buffer,
909 			  struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cb, ev_uint32_t flags);
910 
911 /** Change the flags that are set for a callback on a buffer by removing some
912 
913     @param buffer the evbuffer that the callback is watching.
914     @param cb the callback whose status we want to change.
915     @param flags EVBUFFER_CB_ENABLED to disable the callback.
916     @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
917  */
918 int evbuffer_cb_clear_flags(struct evbuffer *buffer,
919 			  struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cb, ev_uint32_t flags);
920 
921 #if 0
922 /** Postpone calling a given callback until unsuspend is called later.
923 
924     This is different from disabling the callback, since the callback will get
925 	invoked later if the buffer size changes between now and when we unsuspend
926 	it.
927 
928 	@param the buffer that the callback is watching.
929 	@param cb the callback we want to suspend.
930  */
931 void evbuffer_cb_suspend(struct evbuffer *buffer, struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cb);
932 /** Stop postponing a callback that we postponed with evbuffer_cb_suspend.
933 
934 	If data was added to or removed from the buffer while the callback was
935 	suspended, the callback will get called once now.
936 
937 	@param the buffer that the callback is watching.
938 	@param cb the callback we want to stop suspending.
939  */
940 void evbuffer_cb_unsuspend(struct evbuffer *buffer, struct evbuffer_cb_entry *cb);
941 #endif
942 
943 /**
944   Makes the data at the begging of an evbuffer contiguous.
945 
946   @param buf the evbuffer to make contiguous
947   @param size the number of bytes to make contiguous, or -1 to make the
948 	entire buffer contiguous.
949   @return a pointer to the contiguous memory array
950 */
951 
952 unsigned char *evbuffer_pullup(struct evbuffer *buf, ev_ssize_t size);
953 
954 /**
955   Prepends data to the beginning of the evbuffer
956 
957   @param buf the evbuffer to which to prepend data
958   @param data a pointer to the memory to prepend
959   @param size the number of bytes to prepend
960   @return 0 if successful, or -1 otherwise
961 */
962 
963 int evbuffer_prepend(struct evbuffer *buf, const void *data, size_t size);
964 
965 /**
966   Prepends all data from the src evbuffer to the beginning of the dst
967   evbuffer.
968 
969   @param dst the evbuffer to which to prepend data
970   @param src the evbuffer to prepend; it will be emptied as a result
971   @return 0 if successful, or -1 otherwise
972 */
973 int evbuffer_prepend_buffer(struct evbuffer *dst, struct evbuffer* src);
974 
975 /**
976    Prevent calls that modify an evbuffer from succeeding. A buffer may
977    frozen at the front, at the back, or at both the front and the back.
978 
979    If the front of a buffer is frozen, operations that drain data from
980    the front of the buffer, or that prepend data to the buffer, will
981    fail until it is unfrozen.   If the back a buffer is frozen, operations
982    that append data from the buffer will fail until it is unfrozen.
983 
984    @param buf The buffer to freeze
985    @param at_front If true, we freeze the front of the buffer.  If false,
986       we freeze the back.
987    @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
988 */
989 int evbuffer_freeze(struct evbuffer *buf, int at_front);
990 /**
991    Re-enable calls that modify an evbuffer.
992 
993    @param buf The buffer to un-freeze
994    @param at_front If true, we unfreeze the front of the buffer.  If false,
995       we unfreeze the back.
996    @return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
997  */
998 int evbuffer_unfreeze(struct evbuffer *buf, int at_front);
999 
1000 struct event_base;
1001 /**
1002    Force all the callbacks on an evbuffer to be run, not immediately after
1003    the evbuffer is altered, but instead from inside the event loop.
1004 
1005    This can be used to serialize all the callbacks to a single thread
1006    of execution.
1007  */
1008 int evbuffer_defer_callbacks(struct evbuffer *buffer, struct event_base *base);
1009 
1010 /**
1011   Append data from 1 or more iovec's to an evbuffer
1012 
1013   Calculates the number of bytes needed for an iovec structure and guarantees
1014   all data will fit into a single chain. Can be used in lieu of functionality
1015   which calls evbuffer_add() constantly before being used to increase
1016   performance.
1017 
1018   @param buffer the destination buffer
1019   @param vec the source iovec
1020   @param n_vec the number of iovec structures.
1021   @return the number of bytes successfully written to the output buffer.
1022 */
1023 size_t evbuffer_add_iovec(struct evbuffer * buffer, struct evbuffer_iovec * vec, int n_vec);
1024 
1025 #ifdef __cplusplus
1026 }
1027 #endif
1028 
1029 #endif /* EVENT2_BUFFER_H_INCLUDED_ */
1030