xref: /netbsd-src/external/bsd/file/dist/src/apprentice.c (revision e6c7e151de239c49d2e38720a061ed9d1fa99309)
1 /*	$NetBSD: apprentice.c,v 1.24 2019/12/17 02:31:05 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin 1986-1995.
5  * Software written by Ian F. Darwin and others;
6  * maintained 1995-present by Christos Zoulas and others.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification,
13  *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  *
18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
19  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
20  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
21  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
22  * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
23  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
24  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
25  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
26  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
27  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28  * SUCH DAMAGE.
29  */
30 /*
31  * apprentice - make one pass through /etc/magic, learning its secrets.
32  */
33 
34 #include "file.h"
35 
36 #ifndef	lint
37 #if 0
38 FILE_RCSID("@(#)$File: apprentice.c,v 1.284 2019/06/29 22:31:04 christos Exp $")
39 #else
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: apprentice.c,v 1.24 2019/12/17 02:31:05 christos Exp $");
41 #endif
42 #endif	/* lint */
43 
44 #include "magic.h"
45 #include <stdlib.h>
46 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
47 #include <unistd.h>
48 #endif
49 #include <stddef.h>
50 #include <string.h>
51 #include <assert.h>
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <fcntl.h>
54 #ifdef QUICK
55 #include <sys/mman.h>
56 #endif
57 #include <dirent.h>
58 #include <limits.h>
59 
60 
61 #define	EATAB {while (isascii(CAST(unsigned char, *l)) && \
62 		      isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *l)))  ++l;}
63 #define LOWCASE(l) (isupper(CAST(unsigned char, l)) ? \
64 			tolower(CAST(unsigned char, l)) : (l))
65 /*
66  * Work around a bug in headers on Digital Unix.
67  * At least confirmed for: OSF1 V4.0 878
68  */
69 #if defined(__osf__) && defined(__DECC)
70 #ifdef MAP_FAILED
71 #undef MAP_FAILED
72 #endif
73 #endif
74 
75 #ifndef MAP_FAILED
76 #define MAP_FAILED (void *) -1
77 #endif
78 
79 #ifndef MAP_FILE
80 #define MAP_FILE 0
81 #endif
82 
83 #define ALLOC_CHUNK	CAST(size_t, 10)
84 #define ALLOC_INCR	CAST(size_t, 200)
85 
86 #define MAP_TYPE_USER	0
87 #define MAP_TYPE_MALLOC	1
88 #define MAP_TYPE_MMAP	2
89 
90 struct magic_entry {
91 	struct magic *mp;
92 	uint32_t cont_count;
93 	uint32_t max_count;
94 };
95 
96 struct magic_entry_set {
97 	struct magic_entry *me;
98 	uint32_t count;
99 	uint32_t max;
100 };
101 
102 struct magic_map {
103 	void *p;
104 	size_t len;
105 	int type;
106 	struct magic *magic[MAGIC_SETS];
107 	uint32_t nmagic[MAGIC_SETS];
108 };
109 
110 int file_formats[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
111 const size_t file_nformats = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;
112 const char *file_names[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
113 const size_t file_nnames = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;
114 
115 private int getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *, const char **, int);
116 private int hextoint(int);
117 private const char *getstr(struct magic_set *, struct magic *, const char *,
118     int);
119 private int parse(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *,
120     size_t, int);
121 private void eatsize(const char **);
122 private int apprentice_1(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
123 private size_t apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *);
124 private int apprentice_sort(const void *, const void *);
125 private void apprentice_list(struct mlist *, int );
126 private struct magic_map *apprentice_load(struct magic_set *,
127     const char *, int);
128 private struct mlist *mlist_alloc(void);
129 private void mlist_free(struct mlist *);
130 private void byteswap(struct magic *, uint32_t);
131 private void bs1(struct magic *);
132 private uint16_t swap2(uint16_t);
133 private uint32_t swap4(uint32_t);
134 private uint64_t swap8(uint64_t);
135 private char *mkdbname(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
136 private struct magic_map *apprentice_buf(struct magic_set *, struct magic *,
137     size_t);
138 private struct magic_map *apprentice_map(struct magic_set *, const char *);
139 private int check_buffer(struct magic_set *, struct magic_map *, const char *);
140 private void apprentice_unmap(struct magic_map *);
141 private int apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *, struct magic_map *,
142     const char *);
143 private int check_format_type(const char *, int, const char **);
144 private int check_format(struct magic_set *, struct magic *);
145 private int get_op(char);
146 private int parse_mime(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
147 private int parse_strength(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
148 private int parse_apple(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
149 private int parse_ext(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
150 
151 
152 private size_t magicsize = sizeof(struct magic);
153 
154 private const char usg_hdr[] = "cont\toffset\ttype\topcode\tmask\tvalue\tdesc";
155 
156 private struct {
157 	const char *name;
158 	size_t len;
159 	int (*fun)(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
160 } bang[] = {
161 #define	DECLARE_FIELD(name) { # name, sizeof(# name) - 1, parse_ ## name }
162 	DECLARE_FIELD(mime),
163 	DECLARE_FIELD(apple),
164 	DECLARE_FIELD(ext),
165 	DECLARE_FIELD(strength),
166 #undef	DECLARE_FIELD
167 	{ NULL, 0, NULL }
168 };
169 
170 #ifdef COMPILE_ONLY
171 
172 int main(int, char *[]);
173 
174 int
175 main(int argc, char *argv[])
176 {
177 	int ret;
178 	struct magic_set *ms;
179 	char *progname;
180 
181 	if ((progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
182 		progname++;
183 	else
184 		progname = argv[0];
185 
186 	if (argc != 2) {
187 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file\n", progname);
188 		return 1;
189 	}
190 
191 	if ((ms = magic_open(MAGIC_CHECK)) == NULL) {
192 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, strerror(errno));
193 		return 1;
194 	}
195 	ret = magic_compile(ms, argv[1]) == -1 ? 1 : 0;
196 	if (ret == 1)
197 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, magic_error(ms));
198 	magic_close(ms);
199 	return ret;
200 }
201 #endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */
202 
203 struct type_tbl_s {
204 	const char name[16];
205 	const size_t len;
206 	const int type;
207 	const int format;
208 };
209 
210 /*
211  * XXX - the actual Single UNIX Specification says that "long" means "long",
212  * as in the C data type, but we treat it as meaning "4-byte integer".
213  * Given that the OS X version of file 5.04 did the same, I guess that passes
214  * the actual test; having "long" be dependent on how big a "long" is on
215  * the machine running "file" is silly.
216  */
217 static const struct type_tbl_s type_tbl[] = {
218 # define XX(s)		s, (sizeof(s) - 1)
219 # define XX_NULL	"", 0
220 	{ XX("invalid"),	FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
221 	{ XX("byte"),		FILE_BYTE,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
222 	{ XX("short"),		FILE_SHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
223 	{ XX("default"),	FILE_DEFAULT,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
224 	{ XX("long"),		FILE_LONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
225 	{ XX("string"),		FILE_STRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
226 	{ XX("date"),		FILE_DATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
227 	{ XX("beshort"),	FILE_BESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
228 	{ XX("belong"),		FILE_BELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
229 	{ XX("bedate"),		FILE_BEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
230 	{ XX("leshort"),	FILE_LESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
231 	{ XX("lelong"),		FILE_LELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
232 	{ XX("ledate"),		FILE_LEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
233 	{ XX("pstring"),	FILE_PSTRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
234 	{ XX("ldate"),		FILE_LDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
235 	{ XX("beldate"),	FILE_BELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
236 	{ XX("leldate"),	FILE_LELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
237 	{ XX("regex"),		FILE_REGEX,		FILE_FMT_STR },
238 	{ XX("bestring16"),	FILE_BESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
239 	{ XX("lestring16"),	FILE_LESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
240 	{ XX("search"),		FILE_SEARCH,		FILE_FMT_STR },
241 	{ XX("medate"),		FILE_MEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
242 	{ XX("meldate"),	FILE_MELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
243 	{ XX("melong"),		FILE_MELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
244 	{ XX("quad"),		FILE_QUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
245 	{ XX("lequad"),		FILE_LEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
246 	{ XX("bequad"),		FILE_BEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
247 	{ XX("qdate"),		FILE_QDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
248 	{ XX("leqdate"),	FILE_LEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
249 	{ XX("beqdate"),	FILE_BEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
250 	{ XX("qldate"),		FILE_QLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
251 	{ XX("leqldate"),	FILE_LEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
252 	{ XX("beqldate"),	FILE_BEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
253 	{ XX("float"),		FILE_FLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
254 	{ XX("befloat"),	FILE_BEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
255 	{ XX("lefloat"),	FILE_LEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
256 	{ XX("double"),		FILE_DOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
257 	{ XX("bedouble"),	FILE_BEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
258 	{ XX("ledouble"),	FILE_LEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
259 	{ XX("leid3"),		FILE_LEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
260 	{ XX("beid3"),		FILE_BEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
261 	{ XX("indirect"),	FILE_INDIRECT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
262 	{ XX("qwdate"),		FILE_QWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
263 	{ XX("leqwdate"),	FILE_LEQWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
264 	{ XX("beqwdate"),	FILE_BEQWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
265 	{ XX("name"),		FILE_NAME,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
266 	{ XX("use"),		FILE_USE,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
267 	{ XX("clear"),		FILE_CLEAR,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
268 	{ XX("der"),		FILE_DER,		FILE_FMT_STR },
269 	{ XX_NULL,		FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
270 };
271 
272 /*
273  * These are not types, and cannot be preceded by "u" to make them
274  * unsigned.
275  */
276 static const struct type_tbl_s special_tbl[] = {
277 	{ XX("der"),		FILE_DER,		FILE_FMT_STR },
278 	{ XX("name"),		FILE_NAME,		FILE_FMT_STR },
279 	{ XX("use"),		FILE_USE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
280 	{ XX_NULL,		FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
281 };
282 # undef XX
283 # undef XX_NULL
284 
285 private int
286 get_type(const struct type_tbl_s *tbl, const char *l, const char **t)
287 {
288 	const struct type_tbl_s *p;
289 
290 	for (p = tbl; p->len; p++) {
291 		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0) {
292 			if (t)
293 				*t = l + p->len;
294 			break;
295 		}
296 	}
297 	return p->type;
298 }
299 
300 private off_t
301 maxoff_t(void) {
302 	if (/*CONSTCOND*/sizeof(off_t) == sizeof(int))
303 		return CAST(off_t, INT_MAX);
304 	if (/*CONSTCOND*/sizeof(off_t) == sizeof(long))
305 		return CAST(off_t, LONG_MAX);
306 	return 0x7fffffff;
307 }
308 
309 private int
310 get_standard_integer_type(const char *l, const char **t)
311 {
312 	int type;
313 
314 	if (isalpha(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) {
315 		switch (l[1]) {
316 		case 'C':
317 			/* "dC" and "uC" */
318 			type = FILE_BYTE;
319 			break;
320 		case 'S':
321 			/* "dS" and "uS" */
322 			type = FILE_SHORT;
323 			break;
324 		case 'I':
325 		case 'L':
326 			/*
327 			 * "dI", "dL", "uI", and "uL".
328 			 *
329 			 * XXX - the actual Single UNIX Specification says
330 			 * that "L" means "long", as in the C data type,
331 			 * but we treat it as meaning "4-byte integer".
332 			 * Given that the OS X version of file 5.04 did
333 			 * the same, I guess that passes the actual SUS
334 			 * validation suite; having "dL" be dependent on
335 			 * how big a "long" is on the machine running
336 			 * "file" is silly.
337 			 */
338 			type = FILE_LONG;
339 			break;
340 		case 'Q':
341 			/* "dQ" and "uQ" */
342 			type = FILE_QUAD;
343 			break;
344 		default:
345 			/* "d{anything else}", "u{anything else}" */
346 			return FILE_INVALID;
347 		}
348 		l += 2;
349 	} else if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) {
350 		/*
351 		 * "d{num}" and "u{num}"; we only support {num} values
352 		 * of 1, 2, 4, and 8 - the Single UNIX Specification
353 		 * doesn't say anything about whether arbitrary
354 		 * values should be supported, but both the Solaris 10
355 		 * and OS X Mountain Lion versions of file passed the
356 		 * Single UNIX Specification validation suite, and
357 		 * neither of them support values bigger than 8 or
358 		 * non-power-of-2 values.
359 		 */
360 		if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, l[2]))) {
361 			/* Multi-digit, so > 9 */
362 			return FILE_INVALID;
363 		}
364 		switch (l[1]) {
365 		case '1':
366 			type = FILE_BYTE;
367 			break;
368 		case '2':
369 			type = FILE_SHORT;
370 			break;
371 		case '4':
372 			type = FILE_LONG;
373 			break;
374 		case '8':
375 			type = FILE_QUAD;
376 			break;
377 		default:
378 			/* XXX - what about 3, 5, 6, or 7? */
379 			return FILE_INVALID;
380 		}
381 		l += 2;
382 	} else {
383 		/*
384 		 * "d" or "u" by itself.
385 		 */
386 		type = FILE_LONG;
387 		++l;
388 	}
389 	if (t)
390 		*t = l;
391 	return type;
392 }
393 
394 private void
395 init_file_tables(void)
396 {
397 	static int done = 0;
398 	const struct type_tbl_s *p;
399 
400 	if (done)
401 		return;
402 	done++;
403 
404 	for (p = type_tbl; p->len; p++) {
405 		assert(p->type < FILE_NAMES_SIZE);
406 		file_names[p->type] = p->name;
407 		file_formats[p->type] = p->format;
408 	}
409 	assert(p - type_tbl == FILE_NAMES_SIZE);
410 }
411 
412 private int
413 add_mlist(struct mlist *mlp, struct magic_map *map, size_t idx)
414 {
415 	struct mlist *ml;
416 
417 	mlp->map = NULL;
418 	if ((ml = CAST(struct mlist *, malloc(sizeof(*ml)))) == NULL)
419 		return -1;
420 
421 	ml->map = idx == 0 ? map : NULL;
422 	ml->magic = map->magic[idx];
423 	ml->nmagic = map->nmagic[idx];
424 
425 	mlp->prev->next = ml;
426 	ml->prev = mlp->prev;
427 	ml->next = mlp;
428 	mlp->prev = ml;
429 	return 0;
430 }
431 
432 /*
433  * Handle one file or directory.
434  */
435 private int
436 apprentice_1(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
437 {
438 	struct magic_map *map;
439 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
440 	struct mlist *ml;
441 	size_t i;
442 #endif
443 
444 	if (magicsize != FILE_MAGICSIZE) {
445 		file_error(ms, 0, "magic element size %lu != %lu",
446 		    CAST(unsigned long, sizeof(*map->magic[0])),
447 		    CAST(unsigned long, FILE_MAGICSIZE));
448 		return -1;
449 	}
450 
451 	if (action == FILE_COMPILE) {
452 		map = apprentice_load(ms, fn, action);
453 		if (map == NULL)
454 			return -1;
455 		return apprentice_compile(ms, map, fn);
456 	}
457 
458 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
459 	map = apprentice_map(ms, fn);
460 	if (map == RCAST(struct magic_map *, -1))
461 		return -1;
462 	if (map == NULL) {
463 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
464 			file_magwarn(ms, "using regular magic file `%s'", fn);
465 		map = apprentice_load(ms, fn, action);
466 		if (map == NULL)
467 			return -1;
468 	}
469 
470 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
471 		if (add_mlist(ms->mlist[i], map, i) == -1) {
472 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ml));
473 			return -1;
474 		}
475 	}
476 
477 	if (action == FILE_LIST) {
478 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
479 			printf("Set %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u:\nBinary patterns:\n",
480 			    i);
481 			apprentice_list(ms->mlist[i], BINTEST);
482 			printf("Text patterns:\n");
483 			apprentice_list(ms->mlist[i], TEXTTEST);
484 		}
485 	}
486 	return 0;
487 #else
488 	return 0;
489 #endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */
490 }
491 
492 protected void
493 file_ms_free(struct magic_set *ms)
494 {
495 	size_t i;
496 	if (ms == NULL)
497 		return;
498 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
499 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
500 	free(ms->o.pbuf);
501 	free(ms->o.buf);
502 	free(ms->c.li);
503 	free(ms);
504 }
505 
506 protected struct magic_set *
507 file_ms_alloc(int flags)
508 {
509 	struct magic_set *ms;
510 	size_t i, len;
511 
512 	if ((ms = CAST(struct magic_set *, calloc(CAST(size_t, 1u),
513 	    sizeof(struct magic_set)))) == NULL)
514 		return NULL;
515 
516 	if (magic_setflags(ms, flags) == -1) {
517 		errno = EINVAL;
518 		goto free;
519 	}
520 
521 	ms->o.buf = ms->o.pbuf = NULL;
522 	len = (ms->c.len = 10) * sizeof(*ms->c.li);
523 
524 	if ((ms->c.li = CAST(struct level_info *, malloc(len))) == NULL)
525 		goto free;
526 
527 	ms->event_flags = 0;
528 	ms->error = -1;
529 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
530 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
531 	ms->file = "unknown";
532 	ms->line = 0;
533 	ms->indir_max = FILE_INDIR_MAX;
534 	ms->name_max = FILE_NAME_MAX;
535 	ms->elf_shnum_max = FILE_ELF_SHNUM_MAX;
536 	ms->elf_phnum_max = FILE_ELF_PHNUM_MAX;
537 	ms->elf_notes_max = FILE_ELF_NOTES_MAX;
538 	ms->regex_max = FILE_REGEX_MAX;
539 	ms->bytes_max = FILE_BYTES_MAX;
540 	return ms;
541 free:
542 	free(ms);
543 	return NULL;
544 }
545 
546 private void
547 apprentice_unmap(struct magic_map *map)
548 {
549 	size_t i;
550 	if (map == NULL)
551 		return;
552 
553 	switch (map->type) {
554 	case MAP_TYPE_USER:
555 		break;
556 	case MAP_TYPE_MALLOC:
557 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
558 			void *b = map->magic[i];
559 			void *p = map->p;
560 			if (CAST(char *, b) >= CAST(char *, p) &&
561 			    CAST(char *, b) <= CAST(char *, p) + map->len)
562 				continue;
563 			free(map->magic[i]);
564 		}
565 		free(map->p);
566 		break;
567 #ifdef QUICK
568 	case MAP_TYPE_MMAP:
569 		if (map->p && map->p != MAP_FAILED)
570 			(void)munmap(map->p, map->len);
571 		break;
572 #endif
573 	default:
574 		abort();
575 	}
576 	free(map);
577 }
578 
579 private struct mlist *
580 mlist_alloc(void)
581 {
582 	struct mlist *mlist;
583 	if ((mlist = CAST(struct mlist *, calloc(1, sizeof(*mlist)))) == NULL) {
584 		return NULL;
585 	}
586 	mlist->next = mlist->prev = mlist;
587 	return mlist;
588 }
589 
590 private void
591 mlist_free_one(struct mlist *ml)
592 {
593 	if (ml->map)
594 		apprentice_unmap(CAST(struct magic_map *, ml->map));
595 	free(ml);
596 }
597 
598 private void
599 mlist_free(struct mlist *mlist)
600 {
601 	struct mlist *ml, *next;
602 
603 	if (mlist == NULL)
604 		return;
605 
606 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = next) {
607 		next = ml->next;
608 		mlist_free_one(ml);
609 	}
610 	mlist_free_one(mlist);
611 }
612 
613 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
614 /* void **bufs: an array of compiled magic files */
615 protected int
616 buffer_apprentice(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic **bufs,
617     size_t *sizes, size_t nbufs)
618 {
619 	size_t i, j;
620 	struct mlist *ml;
621 	struct magic_map *map;
622 
623 	if (nbufs == 0)
624 		return -1;
625 
626 	(void)file_reset(ms, 0);
627 
628 	init_file_tables();
629 
630 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
631 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
632 		if ((ms->mlist[i] = mlist_alloc()) == NULL) {
633 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ms->mlist[i]));
634 			goto fail;
635 		}
636 	}
637 
638 	for (i = 0; i < nbufs; i++) {
639 		map = apprentice_buf(ms, bufs[i], sizes[i]);
640 		if (map == NULL)
641 			goto fail;
642 
643 		for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++) {
644 			if (add_mlist(ms->mlist[j], map, j) == -1) {
645 				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ml));
646 				goto fail;
647 			}
648 		}
649 	}
650 
651 	return 0;
652 fail:
653 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
654 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
655 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
656 	}
657 	return -1;
658 }
659 #endif
660 
661 /* const char *fn: list of magic files and directories */
662 protected int
663 file_apprentice(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
664 {
665 	char *p, *mfn;
666 	int fileerr, errs = -1;
667 	size_t i;
668 
669 	(void)file_reset(ms, 0);
670 
671 	if ((fn = magic_getpath(fn, action)) == NULL)
672 		return -1;
673 
674 	init_file_tables();
675 
676 	if ((mfn = strdup(fn)) == NULL) {
677 		file_oomem(ms, strlen(fn));
678 		return -1;
679 	}
680 
681 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
682 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
683 		if ((ms->mlist[i] = mlist_alloc()) == NULL) {
684 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ms->mlist[i]));
685 			while (i-- > 0) {
686 				mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
687 				ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
688 			}
689 			free(mfn);
690 			return -1;
691 		}
692 	}
693 	fn = mfn;
694 
695 	while (fn) {
696 		p = strchr(fn, PATHSEP);
697 		if (p)
698 			*p++ = '\0';
699 		if (*fn == '\0')
700 			break;
701 		fileerr = apprentice_1(ms, fn, action);
702 		errs = MAX(errs, fileerr);
703 		fn = p;
704 	}
705 
706 	free(mfn);
707 
708 	if (errs == -1) {
709 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
710 			mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
711 			ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
712 		}
713 		file_error(ms, 0, "could not find any valid magic files!");
714 		return -1;
715 	}
716 
717 #if 0
718 	/*
719 	 * Always leave the database loaded
720 	 */
721 	if (action == FILE_LOAD)
722 		return 0;
723 
724 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
725 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
726 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
727 	}
728 #endif
729 
730 	switch (action) {
731 	case FILE_LOAD:
732 	case FILE_COMPILE:
733 	case FILE_CHECK:
734 	case FILE_LIST:
735 		return 0;
736 	default:
737 		file_error(ms, 0, "Invalid action %d", action);
738 		return -1;
739 	}
740 }
741 
742 /*
743  * Compute the real length of a magic expression, for the purposes
744  * of determining how "strong" a magic expression is (approximating
745  * how specific its matches are):
746  *	- magic characters count 0 unless escaped.
747  *	- [] expressions count 1
748  *	- {} expressions count 0
749  *	- regular characters or escaped magic characters count 1
750  *	- 0 length expressions count as one
751  */
752 private size_t
753 nonmagic(const char *str)
754 {
755 	const char *p;
756 	size_t rv = 0;
757 
758 	for (p = str; *p; p++)
759 		switch (*p) {
760 		case '\\':	/* Escaped anything counts 1 */
761 			if (!*++p)
762 				p--;
763 			rv++;
764 			continue;
765 		case '?':	/* Magic characters count 0 */
766 		case '*':
767 		case '.':
768 		case '+':
769 		case '^':
770 		case '$':
771 			continue;
772 		case '[':	/* Bracketed expressions count 1 the ']' */
773 			while (*p && *p != ']')
774 				p++;
775 			p--;
776 			continue;
777 		case '{':	/* Braced expressions count 0 */
778 			while (*p && *p != '}')
779 				p++;
780 			if (!*p)
781 				p--;
782 			continue;
783 		default:	/* Anything else counts 1 */
784 			rv++;
785 			continue;
786 		}
787 
788 	return rv == 0 ? 1 : rv;	/* Return at least 1 */
789 }
790 
791 
792 private size_t
793 typesize(int type)
794 {
795 	switch (type) {
796 	case FILE_BYTE:
797 		return 1;
798 
799 	case FILE_SHORT:
800 	case FILE_LESHORT:
801 	case FILE_BESHORT:
802 		return 2;
803 
804 	case FILE_LONG:
805 	case FILE_LELONG:
806 	case FILE_BELONG:
807 	case FILE_MELONG:
808 		return 4;
809 
810 	case FILE_DATE:
811 	case FILE_LEDATE:
812 	case FILE_BEDATE:
813 	case FILE_MEDATE:
814 	case FILE_LDATE:
815 	case FILE_LELDATE:
816 	case FILE_BELDATE:
817 	case FILE_MELDATE:
818 	case FILE_FLOAT:
819 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
820 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
821 		return 4;
822 
823 	case FILE_QUAD:
824 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
825 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
826 	case FILE_QDATE:
827 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
828 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
829 	case FILE_QLDATE:
830 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
831 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
832 	case FILE_QWDATE:
833 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
834 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
835 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
836 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
837 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
838 		return 8;
839 	default:
840 		return CAST(size_t, ~0);
841 	}
842 }
843 
844 /*
845  * Get weight of this magic entry, for sorting purposes.
846  */
847 private size_t
848 apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *m)
849 {
850 #define MULT 10U
851 	size_t ts, v;
852 	ssize_t val = 2 * MULT;	/* baseline strength */
853 
854 	switch (m->type) {
855 	case FILE_DEFAULT:	/* make sure this sorts last */
856 		if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE)
857 			abort();
858 		return 0;
859 
860 	case FILE_BYTE:
861 	case FILE_SHORT:
862 	case FILE_LESHORT:
863 	case FILE_BESHORT:
864 	case FILE_LONG:
865 	case FILE_LELONG:
866 	case FILE_BELONG:
867 	case FILE_MELONG:
868 	case FILE_DATE:
869 	case FILE_LEDATE:
870 	case FILE_BEDATE:
871 	case FILE_MEDATE:
872 	case FILE_LDATE:
873 	case FILE_LELDATE:
874 	case FILE_BELDATE:
875 	case FILE_MELDATE:
876 	case FILE_FLOAT:
877 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
878 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
879 	case FILE_QUAD:
880 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
881 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
882 	case FILE_QDATE:
883 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
884 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
885 	case FILE_QLDATE:
886 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
887 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
888 	case FILE_QWDATE:
889 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
890 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
891 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
892 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
893 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
894 		ts = typesize(m->type);
895 		if (ts == CAST(size_t, ~0))
896 			abort();
897 		val += ts * MULT;
898 		break;
899 
900 	case FILE_PSTRING:
901 	case FILE_STRING:
902 		val += m->vallen * MULT;
903 		break;
904 
905 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
906 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
907 		val += m->vallen * MULT / 2;
908 		break;
909 
910 	case FILE_SEARCH:
911 		if (m->vallen == 0)
912 			break;
913 		val += m->vallen * MAX(MULT / m->vallen, 1);
914 		break;
915 
916 	case FILE_REGEX:
917 		v = nonmagic(m->value.s);
918 		val += v * MAX(MULT / v, 1);
919 		break;
920 
921 	case FILE_INDIRECT:
922 	case FILE_NAME:
923 	case FILE_USE:
924 		break;
925 
926 	case FILE_DER:
927 		val += MULT;
928 		break;
929 
930 	default:
931 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad type %d\n", m->type);
932 		abort();
933 	}
934 
935 	switch (m->reln) {
936 	case 'x':	/* matches anything penalize */
937 	case '!':       /* matches almost anything penalize */
938 		val = 0;
939 		break;
940 
941 	case '=':	/* Exact match, prefer */
942 		val += MULT;
943 		break;
944 
945 	case '>':
946 	case '<':	/* comparison match reduce strength */
947 		val -= 2 * MULT;
948 		break;
949 
950 	case '^':
951 	case '&':	/* masking bits, we could count them too */
952 		val -= MULT;
953 		break;
954 
955 	default:
956 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad relation %c\n", m->reln);
957 		abort();
958 	}
959 
960 	switch (m->factor_op) {
961 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
962 		break;
963 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
964 		val += m->factor;
965 		break;
966 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
967 		val -= m->factor;
968 		break;
969 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
970 		val *= m->factor;
971 		break;
972 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
973 		val /= m->factor;
974 		break;
975 	default:
976 		abort();
977 	}
978 
979 	if (val <= 0)	/* ensure we only return 0 for FILE_DEFAULT */
980 		val = 1;
981 
982 	/*
983 	 * Magic entries with no description get a bonus because they depend
984 	 * on subsequent magic entries to print something.
985 	 */
986 	if (m->desc[0] == '\0')
987 		val++;
988 	return val;
989 }
990 
991 /*
992  * Sort callback for sorting entries by "strength" (basically length)
993  */
994 private int
995 apprentice_sort(const void *a, const void *b)
996 {
997 	const struct magic_entry *ma = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, a);
998 	const struct magic_entry *mb = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, b);
999 	size_t sa = apprentice_magic_strength(ma->mp);
1000 	size_t sb = apprentice_magic_strength(mb->mp);
1001 	if (sa == sb)
1002 		return 0;
1003 	else if (sa > sb)
1004 		return -1;
1005 	else
1006 		return 1;
1007 }
1008 
1009 /*
1010  * Shows sorted patterns list in the order which is used for the matching
1011  */
1012 private void
1013 apprentice_list(struct mlist *mlist, int mode)
1014 {
1015 	uint32_t magindex = 0;
1016 	struct mlist *ml;
1017 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = ml->next) {
1018 		for (magindex = 0; magindex < ml->nmagic; magindex++) {
1019 			struct magic *m = &ml->magic[magindex];
1020 			if ((m->flag & mode) != mode) {
1021 				/* Skip sub-tests */
1022 				while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
1023 				       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0)
1024 					++magindex;
1025 				continue; /* Skip to next top-level test*/
1026 			}
1027 
1028 			/*
1029 			 * Try to iterate over the tree until we find item with
1030 			 * description/mimetype.
1031 			 */
1032 			while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
1033 			       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0 &&
1034 			       *ml->magic[magindex].desc == '\0' &&
1035 			       *ml->magic[magindex].mimetype == '\0')
1036 				magindex++;
1037 
1038 			printf("Strength = %3" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u@%u: %s [%s]\n",
1039 			    apprentice_magic_strength(m),
1040 			    ml->magic[magindex].lineno,
1041 			    ml->magic[magindex].desc,
1042 			    ml->magic[magindex].mimetype);
1043 		}
1044 	}
1045 }
1046 
1047 private void
1048 set_test_type(struct magic *mstart, struct magic *m)
1049 {
1050 	switch (m->type) {
1051 	case FILE_BYTE:
1052 	case FILE_SHORT:
1053 	case FILE_LONG:
1054 	case FILE_DATE:
1055 	case FILE_BESHORT:
1056 	case FILE_BELONG:
1057 	case FILE_BEDATE:
1058 	case FILE_LESHORT:
1059 	case FILE_LELONG:
1060 	case FILE_LEDATE:
1061 	case FILE_LDATE:
1062 	case FILE_BELDATE:
1063 	case FILE_LELDATE:
1064 	case FILE_MEDATE:
1065 	case FILE_MELDATE:
1066 	case FILE_MELONG:
1067 	case FILE_QUAD:
1068 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
1069 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
1070 	case FILE_QDATE:
1071 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
1072 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
1073 	case FILE_QLDATE:
1074 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
1075 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
1076 	case FILE_QWDATE:
1077 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
1078 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
1079 	case FILE_FLOAT:
1080 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
1081 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
1082 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
1083 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
1084 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
1085 	case FILE_DER:
1086 		mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1087 		break;
1088 	case FILE_STRING:
1089 	case FILE_PSTRING:
1090 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
1091 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
1092 		/* Allow text overrides */
1093 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
1094 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1095 		else
1096 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1097 		break;
1098 	case FILE_REGEX:
1099 	case FILE_SEARCH:
1100 		/* Check for override */
1101 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_BINTEST)
1102 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1103 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
1104 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1105 
1106 		if (mstart->flag & (TEXTTEST|BINTEST))
1107 			break;
1108 
1109 		/* binary test if pattern is not text */
1110 		if (file_looks_utf8(m->value.us, CAST(size_t, m->vallen), NULL,
1111 		    NULL) <= 0)
1112 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1113 		else
1114 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1115 		break;
1116 	case FILE_DEFAULT:
1117 		/* can't deduce anything; we shouldn't see this at the
1118 		   top level anyway */
1119 		break;
1120 	case FILE_INVALID:
1121 	default:
1122 		/* invalid search type, but no need to complain here */
1123 		break;
1124 	}
1125 }
1126 
1127 private int
1128 addentry(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me,
1129    struct magic_entry_set *mset)
1130 {
1131 	size_t i = me->mp->type == FILE_NAME ? 1 : 0;
1132 	if (mset[i].count == mset[i].max) {
1133 		struct magic_entry *mp;
1134 
1135 		mset[i].max += ALLOC_INCR;
1136 		if ((mp = CAST(struct magic_entry *,
1137 		    realloc(mset[i].me, sizeof(*mp) * mset[i].max))) ==
1138 		    NULL) {
1139 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*mp) * mset[i].max);
1140 			return -1;
1141 		}
1142 		(void)memset(&mp[mset[i].count], 0, sizeof(*mp) *
1143 		    ALLOC_INCR);
1144 		mset[i].me = mp;
1145 	}
1146 	mset[i].me[mset[i].count++] = *me;
1147 	memset(me, 0, sizeof(*me));
1148 	return 0;
1149 }
1150 
1151 /*
1152  * Load and parse one file.
1153  */
1154 private void
1155 load_1(struct magic_set *ms, int action, const char *fn, int *errs,
1156    struct magic_entry_set *mset)
1157 {
1158 	size_t lineno = 0, llen = 0;
1159 	char *line = NULL;
1160 	ssize_t len;
1161 	struct magic_entry me;
1162 
1163 	FILE *f = fopen(ms->file = fn, "r");
1164 	if (f == NULL) {
1165 		if (errno != ENOENT)
1166 			file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read magic file `%s'",
1167 				   fn);
1168 		(*errs)++;
1169 		return;
1170 	}
1171 
1172 	memset(&me, 0, sizeof(me));
1173 	/* read and parse this file */
1174 	for (ms->line = 1; (len = getline(&line, &llen, f)) != -1;
1175 	    ms->line++) {
1176 		if (len == 0) /* null line, garbage, etc */
1177 			continue;
1178 		if (line[len - 1] == '\n') {
1179 			lineno++;
1180 			line[len - 1] = '\0'; /* delete newline */
1181 		}
1182 		switch (line[0]) {
1183 		case '\0':	/* empty, do not parse */
1184 		case '#':	/* comment, do not parse */
1185 			continue;
1186 		case '!':
1187 			if (line[1] == ':') {
1188 				size_t i;
1189 
1190 				for (i = 0; bang[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1191 					if (CAST(size_t, len - 2) > bang[i].len &&
1192 					    memcmp(bang[i].name, line + 2,
1193 					    bang[i].len) == 0)
1194 						break;
1195 				}
1196 				if (bang[i].name == NULL) {
1197 					file_error(ms, 0,
1198 					    "Unknown !: entry `%s'", line);
1199 					(*errs)++;
1200 					continue;
1201 				}
1202 				if (me.mp == NULL) {
1203 					file_error(ms, 0,
1204 					    "No current entry for :!%s type",
1205 						bang[i].name);
1206 					(*errs)++;
1207 					continue;
1208 				}
1209 				if ((*bang[i].fun)(ms, &me,
1210 				    line + bang[i].len + 2) != 0) {
1211 					(*errs)++;
1212 					continue;
1213 				}
1214 				continue;
1215 			}
1216 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1217 		default:
1218 		again:
1219 			switch (parse(ms, &me, line, lineno, action)) {
1220 			case 0:
1221 				continue;
1222 			case 1:
1223 				(void)addentry(ms, &me, mset);
1224 				goto again;
1225 			default:
1226 				(*errs)++;
1227 				break;
1228 			}
1229 		}
1230 	}
1231 	if (me.mp)
1232 		(void)addentry(ms, &me, mset);
1233 	free(line);
1234 	(void)fclose(f);
1235 }
1236 
1237 /*
1238  * parse a file or directory of files
1239  * const char *fn: name of magic file or directory
1240  */
1241 private int
1242 cmpstrp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1243 {
1244         return strcmp(*RCAST(char *const *, p1), *RCAST(char *const *, p2));
1245 }
1246 
1247 
1248 private uint32_t
1249 set_text_binary(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme,
1250     uint32_t starttest)
1251 {
1252 	static const char text[] = "text";
1253 	static const char binary[] = "binary";
1254 	static const size_t len = sizeof(text);
1255 
1256 	uint32_t i = starttest;
1257 
1258 	do {
1259 		set_test_type(me[starttest].mp, me[i].mp);
1260 		if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) == 0)
1261 			continue;
1262 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s%s: %s\n",
1263 		    me[i].mp->mimetype,
1264 		    me[i].mp->mimetype[0] == '\0' ? "" : "; ",
1265 		    me[i].mp->desc[0] ? me[i].mp->desc : "(no description)",
1266 		    me[i].mp->flag & BINTEST ? binary : text);
1267 		if (me[i].mp->flag & BINTEST) {
1268 			char *p = strstr(me[i].mp->desc, text);
1269 			if (p && (p == me[i].mp->desc ||
1270 			    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, p[-1]))) &&
1271 			    (p + len - me[i].mp->desc == MAXstring
1272 			    || (p[len] == '\0' ||
1273 			    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, p[len])))))
1274 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "*** Possible "
1275 				    "binary test for text type\n");
1276 		}
1277 	} while (++i < nme && me[i].mp->cont_level != 0);
1278 	return i;
1279 }
1280 
1281 private void
1282 set_last_default(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme)
1283 {
1284 	uint32_t i;
1285 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++) {
1286 		if (me[i].mp->cont_level == 0 &&
1287 		    me[i].mp->type == FILE_DEFAULT) {
1288 			while (++i < nme)
1289 				if (me[i].mp->cont_level == 0)
1290 					break;
1291 			if (i != nme) {
1292 				/* XXX - Ugh! */
1293 				ms->line = me[i].mp->lineno;
1294 				file_magwarn(ms,
1295 				    "level 0 \"default\" did not sort last");
1296 			}
1297 			return;
1298 		}
1299 	}
1300 }
1301 
1302 private int
1303 coalesce_entries(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme,
1304     struct magic **ma, uint32_t *nma)
1305 {
1306 	uint32_t i, mentrycount = 0;
1307 	size_t slen;
1308 
1309 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++)
1310 		mentrycount += me[i].cont_count;
1311 
1312 	slen = sizeof(**ma) * mentrycount;
1313 	if ((*ma = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(slen))) == NULL) {
1314 		file_oomem(ms, slen);
1315 		return -1;
1316 	}
1317 
1318 	mentrycount = 0;
1319 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++) {
1320 		(void)memcpy(*ma + mentrycount, me[i].mp,
1321 		    me[i].cont_count * sizeof(**ma));
1322 		mentrycount += me[i].cont_count;
1323 	}
1324 	*nma = mentrycount;
1325 	return 0;
1326 }
1327 
1328 private void
1329 magic_entry_free(struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme)
1330 {
1331 	uint32_t i;
1332 	if (me == NULL)
1333 		return;
1334 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++)
1335 		free(me[i].mp);
1336 	free(me);
1337 }
1338 
1339 private struct magic_map *
1340 apprentice_load(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
1341 {
1342 	int errs = 0;
1343 	uint32_t i, j;
1344 	size_t files = 0, maxfiles = 0;
1345 	char **filearr = NULL, *mfn;
1346 	struct stat st;
1347 	struct magic_map *map;
1348 	struct magic_entry_set mset[MAGIC_SETS];
1349 	DIR *dir;
1350 	struct dirent *d;
1351 
1352 	memset(mset, 0, sizeof(mset));
1353 	ms->flags |= MAGIC_CHECK;	/* Enable checks for parsed files */
1354 
1355 
1356 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL)
1357 	{
1358 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
1359 		return NULL;
1360 	}
1361 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MALLOC;
1362 
1363 	/* print silly verbose header for USG compat. */
1364 	if (action == FILE_CHECK)
1365 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", usg_hdr);
1366 
1367 	/* load directory or file */
1368 	if (stat(fn, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1369 		dir = opendir(fn);
1370 		if (!dir) {
1371 			errs++;
1372 			goto out;
1373 		}
1374 		while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
1375 			if (d->d_name[0] == '.')
1376 				continue;
1377 			if (asprintf(&mfn, "%s/%s", fn, d->d_name) < 0) {
1378 				file_oomem(ms,
1379 				    strlen(fn) + strlen(d->d_name) + 2);
1380 				errs++;
1381 				closedir(dir);
1382 				goto out;
1383 			}
1384 			if (stat(mfn, &st) == -1 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1385 				free(mfn);
1386 				continue;
1387 			}
1388 			if (files >= maxfiles) {
1389 				size_t mlen;
1390 				maxfiles = (maxfiles + 1) * 2;
1391 				mlen = maxfiles * sizeof(*filearr);
1392 				if ((filearr = CAST(char **,
1393 				    realloc(filearr, mlen))) == NULL) {
1394 					file_oomem(ms, mlen);
1395 					free(mfn);
1396 					closedir(dir);
1397 					errs++;
1398 					goto out;
1399 				}
1400 			}
1401 			filearr[files++] = mfn;
1402 		}
1403 		closedir(dir);
1404 		if (filearr) {
1405 			qsort(filearr, files, sizeof(*filearr), cmpstrp);
1406 			for (i = 0; i < files; i++) {
1407 				load_1(ms, action, filearr[i], &errs, mset);
1408 				free(filearr[i]);
1409 			}
1410 			free(filearr);
1411 		}
1412 	} else
1413 		load_1(ms, action, fn, &errs, mset);
1414 	if (errs)
1415 		goto out;
1416 
1417 	for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++) {
1418 		/* Set types of tests */
1419 		for (i = 0; i < mset[j].count; ) {
1420 			if (mset[j].me[i].mp->cont_level != 0) {
1421 				i++;
1422 				continue;
1423 			}
1424 			i = set_text_binary(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count, i);
1425 		}
1426 		if (mset[j].me)
1427 			qsort(mset[j].me, mset[j].count, sizeof(*mset[j].me),
1428 			    apprentice_sort);
1429 
1430 		/*
1431 		 * Make sure that any level 0 "default" line is last
1432 		 * (if one exists).
1433 		 */
1434 		set_last_default(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count);
1435 
1436 		/* coalesce per file arrays into a single one */
1437 		if (coalesce_entries(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count,
1438 		    &map->magic[j], &map->nmagic[j]) == -1) {
1439 			errs++;
1440 			goto out;
1441 		}
1442 	}
1443 
1444 out:
1445 	for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++)
1446 		magic_entry_free(mset[j].me, mset[j].count);
1447 
1448 	if (errs) {
1449 		apprentice_unmap(map);
1450 		return NULL;
1451 	}
1452 	return map;
1453 }
1454 
1455 /*
1456  * extend the sign bit if the comparison is to be signed
1457  */
1458 protected uint64_t
1459 file_signextend(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, uint64_t v)
1460 {
1461 	if (!(m->flag & UNSIGNED)) {
1462 		switch(m->type) {
1463 		/*
1464 		 * Do not remove the casts below.  They are
1465 		 * vital.  When later compared with the data,
1466 		 * the sign extension must have happened.
1467 		 */
1468 		case FILE_BYTE:
1469 			v = CAST(signed char,  v);
1470 			break;
1471 		case FILE_SHORT:
1472 		case FILE_BESHORT:
1473 		case FILE_LESHORT:
1474 			v = CAST(short, v);
1475 			break;
1476 		case FILE_DATE:
1477 		case FILE_BEDATE:
1478 		case FILE_LEDATE:
1479 		case FILE_MEDATE:
1480 		case FILE_LDATE:
1481 		case FILE_BELDATE:
1482 		case FILE_LELDATE:
1483 		case FILE_MELDATE:
1484 		case FILE_LONG:
1485 		case FILE_BELONG:
1486 		case FILE_LELONG:
1487 		case FILE_MELONG:
1488 		case FILE_FLOAT:
1489 		case FILE_BEFLOAT:
1490 		case FILE_LEFLOAT:
1491 			v = CAST(int32_t, v);
1492 			break;
1493 		case FILE_QUAD:
1494 		case FILE_BEQUAD:
1495 		case FILE_LEQUAD:
1496 		case FILE_QDATE:
1497 		case FILE_QLDATE:
1498 		case FILE_QWDATE:
1499 		case FILE_BEQDATE:
1500 		case FILE_BEQLDATE:
1501 		case FILE_BEQWDATE:
1502 		case FILE_LEQDATE:
1503 		case FILE_LEQLDATE:
1504 		case FILE_LEQWDATE:
1505 		case FILE_DOUBLE:
1506 		case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
1507 		case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
1508 			v = CAST(int64_t, v);
1509 			break;
1510 		case FILE_STRING:
1511 		case FILE_PSTRING:
1512 		case FILE_BESTRING16:
1513 		case FILE_LESTRING16:
1514 		case FILE_REGEX:
1515 		case FILE_SEARCH:
1516 		case FILE_DEFAULT:
1517 		case FILE_INDIRECT:
1518 		case FILE_NAME:
1519 		case FILE_USE:
1520 		case FILE_CLEAR:
1521 		case FILE_DER:
1522 			break;
1523 		default:
1524 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1525 			    file_magwarn(ms, "cannot happen: m->type=%d\n",
1526 				    m->type);
1527 			return ~0U;
1528 		}
1529 	}
1530 	return v;
1531 }
1532 
1533 private int
1534 string_modifier_check(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
1535 {
1536 	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) == 0)
1537 		return 0;
1538 
1539 	if ((m->type != FILE_REGEX || (m->str_flags & REGEX_LINE_COUNT) == 0) &&
1540 	    (m->type != FILE_PSTRING && (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) != 0)) {
1541 		file_magwarn(ms,
1542 		    "'/BHhLl' modifiers are only allowed for pascal strings\n");
1543 		return -1;
1544 	}
1545 	switch (m->type) {
1546 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
1547 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
1548 		if (m->str_flags != 0) {
1549 			file_magwarn(ms,
1550 			    "no modifiers allowed for 16-bit strings\n");
1551 			return -1;
1552 		}
1553 		break;
1554 	case FILE_STRING:
1555 	case FILE_PSTRING:
1556 		if ((m->str_flags & REGEX_OFFSET_START) != 0) {
1557 			file_magwarn(ms,
1558 			    "'/%c' only allowed on regex and search\n",
1559 			    CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START);
1560 			return -1;
1561 		}
1562 		break;
1563 	case FILE_SEARCH:
1564 		if (m->str_range == 0) {
1565 			file_magwarn(ms,
1566 			    "missing range; defaulting to %d\n",
1567                             STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE);
1568 			m->str_range = STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE;
1569 			return -1;
1570 		}
1571 		break;
1572 	case FILE_REGEX:
1573 		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
1574 			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
1575 			    CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE);
1576 			return -1;
1577 		}
1578 		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
1579 			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
1580 			    CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE);
1581 			return -1;
1582 		}
1583 		break;
1584 	default:
1585 		file_magwarn(ms, "coding error: m->type=%d\n",
1586 		    m->type);
1587 		return -1;
1588 	}
1589 	return 0;
1590 }
1591 
1592 private int
1593 get_op(char c)
1594 {
1595 	switch (c) {
1596 	case '&':
1597 		return FILE_OPAND;
1598 	case '|':
1599 		return FILE_OPOR;
1600 	case '^':
1601 		return FILE_OPXOR;
1602 	case '+':
1603 		return FILE_OPADD;
1604 	case '-':
1605 		return FILE_OPMINUS;
1606 	case '*':
1607 		return FILE_OPMULTIPLY;
1608 	case '/':
1609 		return FILE_OPDIVIDE;
1610 	case '%':
1611 		return FILE_OPMODULO;
1612 	default:
1613 		return -1;
1614 	}
1615 }
1616 
1617 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1618 private int
1619 get_cond(const char *l, const char **t)
1620 {
1621 	static const struct cond_tbl_s {
1622 		char name[8];
1623 		size_t len;
1624 		int cond;
1625 	} cond_tbl[] = {
1626 		{ "if",		2,	COND_IF },
1627 		{ "elif",	4,	COND_ELIF },
1628 		{ "else",	4,	COND_ELSE },
1629 		{ "",		0,	COND_NONE },
1630 	};
1631 	const struct cond_tbl_s *p;
1632 
1633 	for (p = cond_tbl; p->len; p++) {
1634 		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0 &&
1635 		    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, l[p->len]))) {
1636 			if (t)
1637 				*t = l + p->len;
1638 			break;
1639 		}
1640 	}
1641 	return p->cond;
1642 }
1643 
1644 private int
1645 check_cond(struct magic_set *ms, int cond, uint32_t cont_level)
1646 {
1647 	int last_cond;
1648 	last_cond = ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond;
1649 
1650 	switch (cond) {
1651 	case COND_IF:
1652 		if (last_cond != COND_NONE && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1653 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1654 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `if'");
1655 			return -1;
1656 		}
1657 		last_cond = COND_IF;
1658 		break;
1659 
1660 	case COND_ELIF:
1661 		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1662 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1663 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `elif'");
1664 			return -1;
1665 		}
1666 		last_cond = COND_ELIF;
1667 		break;
1668 
1669 	case COND_ELSE:
1670 		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1671 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1672 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `else'");
1673 			return -1;
1674 		}
1675 		last_cond = COND_NONE;
1676 		break;
1677 
1678 	case COND_NONE:
1679 		last_cond = COND_NONE;
1680 		break;
1681 	}
1682 
1683 	ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond = last_cond;
1684 	return 0;
1685 }
1686 #endif /* ENABLE_CONDITIONALS */
1687 
1688 private int
1689 parse_indirect_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp)
1690 {
1691 	const char *l = *lp;
1692 
1693 	while (!isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *++l)))
1694 		switch (*l) {
1695 		case CHAR_INDIRECT_RELATIVE:
1696 			m->str_flags |= INDIRECT_RELATIVE;
1697 			break;
1698 		default:
1699 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1700 				file_magwarn(ms, "indirect modifier `%c' "
1701 					"invalid", *l);
1702 			*lp = l;
1703 			return -1;
1704 		}
1705 	*lp = l;
1706 	return 0;
1707 }
1708 
1709 private void
1710 parse_op_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp,
1711     int op)
1712 {
1713 	const char *l = *lp;
1714 	char *t;
1715 	uint64_t val;
1716 
1717 	++l;
1718 	m->mask_op |= op;
1719 	val = CAST(uint64_t, strtoull(l, &t, 0));
1720 	l = t;
1721 	m->num_mask = file_signextend(ms, m, val);
1722 	eatsize(&l);
1723 	*lp = l;
1724 }
1725 
1726 private int
1727 parse_string_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp)
1728 {
1729 	const char *l = *lp;
1730 	char *t;
1731 	int have_range = 0;
1732 
1733 	while (!isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *++l))) {
1734 		switch (*l) {
1735 		case '0':  case '1':  case '2':
1736 		case '3':  case '4':  case '5':
1737 		case '6':  case '7':  case '8':
1738 		case '9':
1739 			if (have_range && (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK))
1740 				file_magwarn(ms, "multiple ranges");
1741 			have_range = 1;
1742 			m->str_range = CAST(uint32_t, strtoul(l, &t, 0));
1743 			if (m->str_range == 0)
1744 				file_magwarn(ms, "zero range");
1745 			l = t - 1;
1746 			break;
1747 		case CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE:
1748 			m->str_flags |= STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE;
1749 			break;
1750 		case CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE:
1751 			m->str_flags |= STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE;
1752 			break;
1753 		case CHAR_IGNORE_LOWERCASE:
1754 			m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_LOWERCASE;
1755 			break;
1756 		case CHAR_IGNORE_UPPERCASE:
1757 			m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_UPPERCASE;
1758 			break;
1759 		case CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START:
1760 			m->str_flags |= REGEX_OFFSET_START;
1761 			break;
1762 		case CHAR_BINTEST:
1763 			m->str_flags |= STRING_BINTEST;
1764 			break;
1765 		case CHAR_TEXTTEST:
1766 			m->str_flags |= STRING_TEXTTEST;
1767 			break;
1768 		case CHAR_TRIM:
1769 			m->str_flags |= STRING_TRIM;
1770 			break;
1771 		case CHAR_PSTRING_1_LE:
1772 #define SET_LENGTH(a) m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | (a)
1773 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1774 				goto bad;
1775 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_1_LE);
1776 			break;
1777 		case CHAR_PSTRING_2_BE:
1778 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1779 				goto bad;
1780 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_2_BE);
1781 			break;
1782 		case CHAR_PSTRING_2_LE:
1783 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1784 				goto bad;
1785 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_2_LE);
1786 			break;
1787 		case CHAR_PSTRING_4_BE:
1788 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1789 				goto bad;
1790 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_4_BE);
1791 			break;
1792 		case CHAR_PSTRING_4_LE:
1793 			switch (m->type) {
1794 			case FILE_PSTRING:
1795 			case FILE_REGEX:
1796 				break;
1797 			default:
1798 				goto bad;
1799 			}
1800 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_4_LE);
1801 			break;
1802 		case CHAR_PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF:
1803 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1804 				goto bad;
1805 			m->str_flags |= PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF;
1806 			break;
1807 		default:
1808 		bad:
1809 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1810 				file_magwarn(ms, "string modifier `%c' "
1811 					"invalid", *l);
1812 			goto out;
1813 		}
1814 		/* allow multiple '/' for readability */
1815 		if (l[1] == '/' && !isspace(CAST(unsigned char, l[2])))
1816 			l++;
1817 	}
1818 	if (string_modifier_check(ms, m) == -1)
1819 		goto out;
1820 	*lp = l;
1821 	return 0;
1822 out:
1823 	*lp = l;
1824 	return -1;
1825 }
1826 
1827 /*
1828  * parse one line from magic file, put into magic[index++] if valid
1829  */
1830 private int
1831 parse(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line,
1832     size_t lineno, int action)
1833 {
1834 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1835 	static uint32_t last_cont_level = 0;
1836 #endif
1837 	size_t i;
1838 	struct magic *m;
1839 	const char *l = line;
1840 	char *t;
1841 	int op;
1842 	uint32_t cont_level;
1843 	int32_t diff;
1844 
1845 	cont_level = 0;
1846 
1847 	/*
1848 	 * Parse the offset.
1849 	 */
1850 	while (*l == '>') {
1851 		++l;		/* step over */
1852 		cont_level++;
1853 	}
1854 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1855 	if (cont_level == 0 || cont_level > last_cont_level)
1856 		if (file_check_mem(ms, cont_level) == -1)
1857 			return -1;
1858 	last_cont_level = cont_level;
1859 #endif
1860 	if (cont_level != 0) {
1861 		if (me->mp == NULL) {
1862 			file_magerror(ms, "No current entry for continuation");
1863 			return -1;
1864 		}
1865 		if (me->cont_count == 0) {
1866 			file_magerror(ms, "Continuations present with 0 count");
1867 			return -1;
1868 		}
1869 		m = &me->mp[me->cont_count - 1];
1870 		diff = CAST(int32_t, cont_level) - CAST(int32_t, m->cont_level);
1871 		if (diff > 1)
1872 			file_magwarn(ms, "New continuation level %u is more "
1873 			    "than one larger than current level %u", cont_level,
1874 			    m->cont_level);
1875 		if (me->cont_count == me->max_count) {
1876 			struct magic *nm;
1877 			size_t cnt = me->max_count + ALLOC_CHUNK;
1878 			if ((nm = CAST(struct magic *, realloc(me->mp,
1879 			    sizeof(*nm) * cnt))) == NULL) {
1880 				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*nm) * cnt);
1881 				return -1;
1882 			}
1883 			me->mp = nm;
1884 			me->max_count = CAST(uint32_t, cnt);
1885 		}
1886 		m = &me->mp[me->cont_count++];
1887 		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
1888 		m->cont_level = cont_level;
1889 	} else {
1890 		static const size_t len = sizeof(*m) * ALLOC_CHUNK;
1891 		if (me->mp != NULL)
1892 			return 1;
1893 		if ((m = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(len))) == NULL) {
1894 			file_oomem(ms, len);
1895 			return -1;
1896 		}
1897 		me->mp = m;
1898 		me->max_count = ALLOC_CHUNK;
1899 		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
1900 		m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
1901 		m->cont_level = 0;
1902 		me->cont_count = 1;
1903 	}
1904 	m->lineno = CAST(uint32_t, lineno);
1905 
1906 	if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below. */
1907                 ++l;            /* step over */
1908                 m->flag |= OFFADD;
1909         }
1910 	if (*l == '(') {
1911 		++l;		/* step over */
1912 		m->flag |= INDIR;
1913 		if (m->flag & OFFADD)
1914 			m->flag = (m->flag & ~OFFADD) | INDIROFFADD;
1915 
1916 		if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below */
1917 			++l;            /* step over */
1918 			m->flag |= OFFADD;
1919 		}
1920 	}
1921 	/* Indirect offsets are not valid at level 0. */
1922 	if (m->cont_level == 0 && (m->flag & (OFFADD | INDIROFFADD))) {
1923 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1924 			file_magwarn(ms, "relative offset at level 0");
1925 		return -1;
1926 	}
1927 
1928 	/* get offset, then skip over it */
1929 	m->offset = CAST(int32_t, strtol(l, &t, 0));
1930         if (l == t) {
1931 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1932 			file_magwarn(ms, "offset `%s' invalid", l);
1933 		return -1;
1934 	}
1935 
1936         l = t;
1937 
1938 	if (m->flag & INDIR) {
1939 		m->in_type = FILE_LONG;
1940 		m->in_offset = 0;
1941 		m->in_op = 0;
1942 		/*
1943 		 * read [.,lbs][+-]nnnnn)
1944 		 */
1945 		if (*l == '.' || *l == ',') {
1946 			if (*l == ',')
1947 				m->in_op |= FILE_OPSIGNED;
1948 			l++;
1949 			switch (*l) {
1950 			case 'l':
1951 				m->in_type = FILE_LELONG;
1952 				break;
1953 			case 'L':
1954 				m->in_type = FILE_BELONG;
1955 				break;
1956 			case 'm':
1957 				m->in_type = FILE_MELONG;
1958 				break;
1959 			case 'h':
1960 			case 's':
1961 				m->in_type = FILE_LESHORT;
1962 				break;
1963 			case 'H':
1964 			case 'S':
1965 				m->in_type = FILE_BESHORT;
1966 				break;
1967 			case 'c':
1968 			case 'b':
1969 			case 'C':
1970 			case 'B':
1971 				m->in_type = FILE_BYTE;
1972 				break;
1973 			case 'e':
1974 			case 'f':
1975 			case 'g':
1976 				m->in_type = FILE_LEDOUBLE;
1977 				break;
1978 			case 'E':
1979 			case 'F':
1980 			case 'G':
1981 				m->in_type = FILE_BEDOUBLE;
1982 				break;
1983 			case 'i':
1984 				m->in_type = FILE_LEID3;
1985 				break;
1986 			case 'I':
1987 				m->in_type = FILE_BEID3;
1988 				break;
1989 			case 'q':
1990 				m->in_type = FILE_LEQUAD;
1991 				break;
1992 			case 'Q':
1993 				m->in_type = FILE_BEQUAD;
1994 				break;
1995 			default:
1996 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1997 					file_magwarn(ms,
1998 					    "indirect offset type `%c' invalid",
1999 					    *l);
2000 				return -1;
2001 			}
2002 			l++;
2003 		}
2004 
2005 		if (*l == '~') {
2006 			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
2007 			l++;
2008 		}
2009 		if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
2010 			m->in_op |= op;
2011 			l++;
2012 		}
2013 		if (*l == '(') {
2014 			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINDIRECT;
2015 			l++;
2016 		}
2017 		if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, *l)) || *l == '-') {
2018 			m->in_offset = CAST(int32_t, strtol(l, &t, 0));
2019 			if (l == t) {
2020 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2021 					file_magwarn(ms,
2022 					    "in_offset `%s' invalid", l);
2023 				return -1;
2024 			}
2025 			l = t;
2026 		}
2027 		if (*l++ != ')' ||
2028 		    ((m->in_op & FILE_OPINDIRECT) && *l++ != ')')) {
2029 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2030 				file_magwarn(ms,
2031 				    "missing ')' in indirect offset");
2032 			return -1;
2033 		}
2034 	}
2035 	EATAB;
2036 
2037 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
2038 	m->cond = get_cond(l, &l);
2039 	if (check_cond(ms, m->cond, cont_level) == -1)
2040 		return -1;
2041 
2042 	EATAB;
2043 #endif
2044 
2045 	/*
2046 	 * Parse the type.
2047 	 */
2048 	if (*l == 'u') {
2049 		/*
2050 		 * Try it as a keyword type prefixed by "u"; match what
2051 		 * follows the "u".  If that fails, try it as an SUS
2052 		 * integer type.
2053 		 */
2054 		m->type = get_type(type_tbl, l + 1, &l);
2055 		if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2056 			/*
2057 			 * Not a keyword type; parse it as an SUS type,
2058 			 * 'u' possibly followed by a number or C/S/L.
2059 			 */
2060 			m->type = get_standard_integer_type(l, &l);
2061 		}
2062 		/* It's unsigned. */
2063 		if (m->type != FILE_INVALID)
2064 			m->flag |= UNSIGNED;
2065 	} else {
2066 		/*
2067 		 * Try it as a keyword type.  If that fails, try it as
2068 		 * an SUS integer type if it begins with "d" or as an
2069 		 * SUS string type if it begins with "s".  In any case,
2070 		 * it's not unsigned.
2071 		 */
2072 		m->type = get_type(type_tbl, l, &l);
2073 		if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2074 			/*
2075 			 * Not a keyword type; parse it as an SUS type,
2076 			 * either 'd' possibly followed by a number or
2077 			 * C/S/L, or just 's'.
2078 			 */
2079 			if (*l == 'd')
2080 				m->type = get_standard_integer_type(l, &l);
2081 			else if (*l == 's'
2082 			    && !isalpha(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) {
2083 				m->type = FILE_STRING;
2084 				++l;
2085 			}
2086 		}
2087 	}
2088 
2089 	if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2090 		/* Not found - try it as a special keyword. */
2091 		m->type = get_type(special_tbl, l, &l);
2092 	}
2093 
2094 	if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2095 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2096 			file_magwarn(ms, "type `%s' invalid", l);
2097 		return -1;
2098 	}
2099 
2100 	/* New-style anding: "0 byte&0x80 =0x80 dynamically linked" */
2101 	/* New and improved: ~ & | ^ + - * / % -- exciting, isn't it? */
2102 
2103 	m->mask_op = 0;
2104 	if (*l == '~') {
2105 		if (!IS_STRING(m->type))
2106 			m->mask_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
2107 		else if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2108 			file_magwarn(ms, "'~' invalid for string types");
2109 		++l;
2110 	}
2111 	m->str_range = 0;
2112 	m->str_flags = m->type == FILE_PSTRING ? PSTRING_1_LE : 0;
2113 	if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
2114 		if (IS_STRING(m->type)) {
2115 			int r;
2116 
2117 			if (op != FILE_OPDIVIDE) {
2118 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2119 					file_magwarn(ms,
2120 					    "invalid string/indirect op: "
2121 					    "`%c'", *t);
2122 				return -1;
2123 			}
2124 
2125 			if (m->type == FILE_INDIRECT)
2126 				r = parse_indirect_modifier(ms, m, &l);
2127 			else
2128 				r = parse_string_modifier(ms, m, &l);
2129 			if (r == -1)
2130 				return -1;
2131 		} else
2132 			parse_op_modifier(ms, m, &l, op);
2133 	}
2134 
2135 	/*
2136 	 * We used to set mask to all 1's here, instead let's just not do
2137 	 * anything if mask = 0 (unless you have a better idea)
2138 	 */
2139 	EATAB;
2140 
2141 	switch (*l) {
2142 	case '>':
2143 	case '<':
2144   		m->reln = *l;
2145   		++l;
2146 		if (*l == '=') {
2147 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
2148 				file_magwarn(ms, "%c= not supported",
2149 				    m->reln);
2150 				return -1;
2151 			}
2152 		   ++l;
2153 		}
2154 		break;
2155 	/* Old-style anding: "0 byte &0x80 dynamically linked" */
2156 	case '&':
2157 	case '^':
2158 	case '=':
2159   		m->reln = *l;
2160   		++l;
2161 		if (*l == '=') {
2162 		   /* HP compat: ignore &= etc. */
2163 		   ++l;
2164 		}
2165 		break;
2166 	case '!':
2167 		m->reln = *l;
2168 		++l;
2169 		break;
2170 	default:
2171   		m->reln = '=';	/* the default relation */
2172 		if (*l == 'x' && ((isascii(CAST(unsigned char, l[1])) &&
2173 		    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) || !l[1])) {
2174 			m->reln = *l;
2175 			++l;
2176 		}
2177 		break;
2178 	}
2179 	/*
2180 	 * Grab the value part, except for an 'x' reln.
2181 	 */
2182 	if (m->reln != 'x' && getvalue(ms, m, &l, action))
2183 		return -1;
2184 
2185 	/*
2186 	 * TODO finish this macro and start using it!
2187 	 * #define offsetcheck {if (offset > ms->bytes_max -1)
2188 	 *	magwarn("offset too big"); }
2189 	 */
2190 
2191 	/*
2192 	 * Now get last part - the description
2193 	 */
2194 	EATAB;
2195 	if (l[0] == '\b') {
2196 		++l;
2197 		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
2198 	} else if ((l[0] == '\\') && (l[1] == 'b')) {
2199 		++l;
2200 		++l;
2201 		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
2202 	}
2203 	for (i = 0; (m->desc[i++] = *l++) != '\0' && i < sizeof(m->desc); )
2204 		continue;
2205 	if (i == sizeof(m->desc)) {
2206 		m->desc[sizeof(m->desc) - 1] = '\0';
2207 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2208 			file_magwarn(ms, "description `%s' truncated", m->desc);
2209 	}
2210 
2211         /*
2212 	 * We only do this check while compiling, or if any of the magic
2213 	 * files were not compiled.
2214          */
2215         if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
2216 		if (check_format(ms, m) == -1)
2217 			return -1;
2218 	}
2219 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
2220 	if (action == FILE_CHECK) {
2221 		file_mdump(m);
2222 	}
2223 #endif
2224 	m->mimetype[0] = '\0';		/* initialise MIME type to none */
2225 	return 0;
2226 }
2227 
2228 /*
2229  * parse a STRENGTH annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
2230  * if valid
2231  */
2232 private int
2233 parse_strength(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2234 {
2235 	const char *l = line;
2236 	char *el;
2237 	unsigned long factor;
2238 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2239 
2240 	if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE) {
2241 		file_magwarn(ms,
2242 		    "Current entry already has a strength type: %c %d",
2243 		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
2244 		return -1;
2245 	}
2246 	if (m->type == FILE_NAME) {
2247 		file_magwarn(ms, "%s: Strength setting is not supported in "
2248 		    "\"name\" magic entries", m->value.s);
2249 		return -1;
2250 	}
2251 	EATAB;
2252 	switch (*l) {
2253 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
2254 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
2255 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
2256 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
2257 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
2258 		m->factor_op = *l++;
2259 		break;
2260 	default:
2261 		file_magwarn(ms, "Unknown factor op `%c'", *l);
2262 		return -1;
2263 	}
2264 	EATAB;
2265 	factor = strtoul(l, &el, 0);
2266 	if (factor > 255) {
2267 		file_magwarn(ms, "Too large factor `%lu'", factor);
2268 		goto out;
2269 	}
2270 	if (*el && !isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *el))) {
2271 		file_magwarn(ms, "Bad factor `%s'", l);
2272 		goto out;
2273 	}
2274 	m->factor = CAST(uint8_t, factor);
2275 	if (m->factor == 0 && m->factor_op == FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV) {
2276 		file_magwarn(ms, "Cannot have factor op `%c' and factor %u",
2277 		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
2278 		goto out;
2279 	}
2280 	return 0;
2281 out:
2282 	m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
2283 	m->factor = 0;
2284 	return -1;
2285 }
2286 
2287 private int
2288 goodchar(unsigned char x, const char *extra)
2289 {
2290 	return (isascii(x) && isalnum(x)) || strchr(extra, x);
2291 }
2292 
2293 private int
2294 parse_extra(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line,
2295     off_t off, size_t len, const char *name, const char *extra, int nt)
2296 {
2297 	size_t i;
2298 	const char *l = line;
2299 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[me->cont_count == 0 ? 0 : me->cont_count - 1];
2300 	char *buf = CAST(char *, CAST(void *, m)) + off;
2301 
2302 	if (buf[0] != '\0') {
2303 		len = nt ? strlen(buf) : len;
2304 		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry already has a %s type "
2305 		    "`%.*s', new type `%s'", name, CAST(int, len), buf, l);
2306 		return -1;
2307 	}
2308 
2309 	if (*m->desc == '\0') {
2310 		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry does not yet have a "
2311 		    "description for adding a %s type", name);
2312 		return -1;
2313 	}
2314 
2315 	EATAB;
2316 	for (i = 0; *l && i < len && goodchar(*l, extra); buf[i++] = *l++)
2317 		continue;
2318 
2319 	if (i == len && *l) {
2320 		if (nt)
2321 			buf[len - 1] = '\0';
2322 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2323 			file_magwarn(ms, "%s type `%s' truncated %"
2324 			    SIZE_T_FORMAT "u", name, line, i);
2325 	} else {
2326 		if (!isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *l)) && !goodchar(*l, extra))
2327 			file_magwarn(ms, "%s type `%s' has bad char '%c'",
2328 			    name, line, *l);
2329 		if (nt)
2330 			buf[i] = '\0';
2331 	}
2332 
2333 	if (i > 0)
2334 		return 0;
2335 
2336 	file_magerror(ms, "Bad magic entry '%s'", line);
2337 	return -1;
2338 }
2339 
2340 /*
2341  * Parse an Apple CREATOR/TYPE annotation from magic file and put it into
2342  * magic[index - 1]
2343  */
2344 private int
2345 parse_apple(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2346 {
2347 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2348 
2349 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2350 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, apple)),
2351 	    sizeof(m->apple), "APPLE", "!+-./?", 0);
2352 }
2353 
2354 /*
2355  * Parse a comma-separated list of extensions
2356  */
2357 private int
2358 parse_ext(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2359 {
2360 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2361 
2362 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2363 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, ext)),
2364 	    sizeof(m->ext), "EXTENSION", ",!+-/@?_$", 0);
2365 }
2366 
2367 /*
2368  * parse a MIME annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
2369  * if valid
2370  */
2371 private int
2372 parse_mime(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2373 {
2374 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2375 
2376 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2377 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, mimetype)),
2378 	    sizeof(m->mimetype), "MIME", "+-/.$?:{}", 1);
2379 }
2380 
2381 private int
2382 check_format_type(const char *ptr, int type, const char **estr)
2383 {
2384 	int quad = 0, h;
2385 	size_t len, cnt;
2386 	if (*ptr == '\0') {
2387 		/* Missing format string; bad */
2388 		*estr = "missing format spec";
2389 		return -1;
2390 	}
2391 
2392 	switch (file_formats[type]) {
2393 	case FILE_FMT_QUAD:
2394 		quad = 1;
2395 		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2396 	case FILE_FMT_NUM:
2397 		if (quad == 0) {
2398 			switch (type) {
2399 			case FILE_BYTE:
2400 				h = 2;
2401 				break;
2402 			case FILE_SHORT:
2403 			case FILE_BESHORT:
2404 			case FILE_LESHORT:
2405 				h = 1;
2406 				break;
2407 			case FILE_LONG:
2408 			case FILE_BELONG:
2409 			case FILE_LELONG:
2410 			case FILE_MELONG:
2411 			case FILE_LEID3:
2412 			case FILE_BEID3:
2413 			case FILE_INDIRECT:
2414 				h = 0;
2415 				break;
2416 			default:
2417 				abort();
2418 			}
2419 		} else
2420 			h = 0;
2421 		if (*ptr == '-')
2422 			ptr++;
2423 		if (*ptr == '.')
2424 			ptr++;
2425 		if (*ptr == '#')
2426 			ptr++;
2427 #define CHECKLEN() do { \
2428 	for (len = cnt = 0; isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, *ptr)); ptr++, cnt++) \
2429 		len = len * 10 + (*ptr - '0'); \
2430 	if (cnt > 5 || len > 1024) \
2431 		goto toolong; \
2432 } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
2433 
2434 		CHECKLEN();
2435 		if (*ptr == '.')
2436 			ptr++;
2437 		CHECKLEN();
2438 		if (quad) {
2439 			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
2440 				goto invalid;
2441 			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
2442 				goto invalid;
2443 		}
2444 
2445 		switch (*ptr++) {
2446 #ifdef STRICT_FORMAT 	/* "long" formats are int formats for us */
2447 		/* so don't accept the 'l' modifier */
2448 		case 'l':
2449 			switch (*ptr++) {
2450 			case 'i':
2451 			case 'd':
2452 			case 'u':
2453 			case 'o':
2454 			case 'x':
2455 			case 'X':
2456 				if (h == 0)
2457 					return 0;
2458 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2459 			default:
2460 				goto invalid;
2461 			}
2462 
2463 		/*
2464 		 * Don't accept h and hh modifiers. They make writing
2465 		 * magic entries more complicated, for very little benefit
2466 		 */
2467 		case 'h':
2468 			if (h-- <= 0)
2469 				goto invalid;
2470 			switch (*ptr++) {
2471 			case 'h':
2472 				if (h-- <= 0)
2473 					goto invalid;
2474 				switch (*ptr++) {
2475 				case 'i':
2476 				case 'd':
2477 				case 'u':
2478 				case 'o':
2479 				case 'x':
2480 				case 'X':
2481 					return 0;
2482 				default:
2483 					goto invalid;
2484 				}
2485 			case 'i':
2486 			case 'd':
2487 			case 'u':
2488 			case 'o':
2489 			case 'x':
2490 			case 'X':
2491 				if (h == 0)
2492 					return 0;
2493 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2494 			default:
2495 				goto invalid;
2496 			}
2497 #endif
2498 		case 'c':
2499 			if (h == 2)
2500 				return 0;
2501 			goto invalid;
2502 		case 'i':
2503 		case 'd':
2504 		case 'u':
2505 		case 'o':
2506 		case 'x':
2507 		case 'X':
2508 #ifdef STRICT_FORMAT
2509 			if (h == 0)
2510 				return 0;
2511 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2512 #else
2513 			return 0;
2514 #endif
2515 		default:
2516 			goto invalid;
2517 		}
2518 
2519 	case FILE_FMT_FLOAT:
2520 	case FILE_FMT_DOUBLE:
2521 		if (*ptr == '-')
2522 			ptr++;
2523 		if (*ptr == '.')
2524 			ptr++;
2525 		CHECKLEN();
2526 		if (*ptr == '.')
2527 			ptr++;
2528 		CHECKLEN();
2529 		switch (*ptr++) {
2530 		case 'e':
2531 		case 'E':
2532 		case 'f':
2533 		case 'F':
2534 		case 'g':
2535 		case 'G':
2536 			return 0;
2537 
2538 		default:
2539 			goto invalid;
2540 		}
2541 
2542 
2543 	case FILE_FMT_STR:
2544 		if (*ptr == '-')
2545 			ptr++;
2546 		while (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, *ptr)))
2547 			ptr++;
2548 		if (*ptr == '.') {
2549 			ptr++;
2550 			while (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char , *ptr)))
2551 				ptr++;
2552 		}
2553 
2554 		switch (*ptr++) {
2555 		case 's':
2556 			return 0;
2557 		default:
2558 			goto invalid;
2559 		}
2560 
2561 	default:
2562 		/* internal error */
2563 		abort();
2564 	}
2565 invalid:
2566 	*estr = "not valid";
2567 toolong:
2568 	*estr = "too long";
2569 	return -1;
2570 }
2571 
2572 /*
2573  * Check that the optional printf format in description matches
2574  * the type of the magic.
2575  */
2576 private int
2577 check_format(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
2578 {
2579 	char *ptr;
2580 	const char *estr;
2581 
2582 	for (ptr = m->desc; *ptr; ptr++)
2583 		if (*ptr == '%')
2584 			break;
2585 	if (*ptr == '\0') {
2586 		/* No format string; ok */
2587 		return 1;
2588 	}
2589 
2590 	assert(file_nformats == file_nnames);
2591 
2592 	if (m->type >= file_nformats) {
2593 		file_magwarn(ms, "Internal error inconsistency between "
2594 		    "m->type and format strings");
2595 		return -1;
2596 	}
2597 	if (file_formats[m->type] == FILE_FMT_NONE) {
2598 		file_magwarn(ms, "No format string for `%s' with description "
2599 		    "`%s'", m->desc, file_names[m->type]);
2600 		return -1;
2601 	}
2602 
2603 	ptr++;
2604 	if (check_format_type(ptr, m->type, &estr) == -1) {
2605 		/*
2606 		 * TODO: this error message is unhelpful if the format
2607 		 * string is not one character long
2608 		 */
2609 		file_magwarn(ms, "Printf format is %s for type "
2610 		    "`%s' in description `%s'", estr,
2611 		    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
2612 		return -1;
2613 	}
2614 
2615 	for (; *ptr; ptr++) {
2616 		if (*ptr == '%') {
2617 			file_magwarn(ms,
2618 			    "Too many format strings (should have at most one) "
2619 			    "for `%s' with description `%s'",
2620 			    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
2621 			return -1;
2622 		}
2623 	}
2624 	return 0;
2625 }
2626 
2627 /*
2628  * Read a numeric value from a pointer, into the value union of a magic
2629  * pointer, according to the magic type.  Update the string pointer to point
2630  * just after the number read.  Return 0 for success, non-zero for failure.
2631  */
2632 private int
2633 getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **p, int action)
2634 {
2635 	char *ep;
2636 	uint64_t ull;
2637 
2638 	switch (m->type) {
2639 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
2640 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
2641 	case FILE_STRING:
2642 	case FILE_PSTRING:
2643 	case FILE_REGEX:
2644 	case FILE_SEARCH:
2645 	case FILE_NAME:
2646 	case FILE_USE:
2647 	case FILE_DER:
2648 		*p = getstr(ms, m, *p, action == FILE_COMPILE);
2649 		if (*p == NULL) {
2650 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2651 				file_magwarn(ms, "cannot get string from `%s'",
2652 				    m->value.s);
2653 			return -1;
2654 		}
2655 		if (m->type == FILE_REGEX) {
2656 			file_regex_t rx;
2657 			int rc = file_regcomp(&rx, m->value.s, REG_EXTENDED);
2658 			if (rc) {
2659 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2660 					file_regerror(&rx, rc, ms);
2661 			}
2662 			file_regfree(&rx);
2663 			return rc ? -1 : 0;
2664 		}
2665 		return 0;
2666 	default:
2667 		if (m->reln == 'x')
2668 			return 0;
2669 		break;
2670 	}
2671 
2672 	switch (m->type) {
2673 	case FILE_FLOAT:
2674 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
2675 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
2676 		errno = 0;
2677 #ifdef HAVE_STRTOF
2678 		m->value.f = strtof(*p, &ep);
2679 #else
2680 		m->value.f = (float)strtod(*p, &ep);
2681 #endif
2682 		if (errno == 0)
2683 			*p = ep;
2684 		return 0;
2685 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
2686 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
2687 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
2688 		errno = 0;
2689 		m->value.d = strtod(*p, &ep);
2690 		if (errno == 0)
2691 			*p = ep;
2692 		return 0;
2693 	default:
2694 		errno = 0;
2695 		ull = CAST(uint64_t, strtoull(*p, &ep, 0));
2696 		m->value.q = file_signextend(ms, m, ull);
2697 		if (*p == ep) {
2698 			file_magwarn(ms, "Unparseable number `%s'", *p);
2699 		} else {
2700 			size_t ts = typesize(m->type);
2701 			uint64_t x;
2702 			const char *q;
2703 
2704 			if (ts == CAST(size_t, ~0)) {
2705 				file_magwarn(ms,
2706 				    "Expected numeric type got `%s'",
2707 				    type_tbl[m->type].name);
2708 			}
2709 			for (q = *p; isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *q)); q++)
2710 				continue;
2711 			if (*q == '-')
2712 				ull = -CAST(int64_t, ull);
2713 			switch (ts) {
2714 			case 1:
2715 				x = CAST(uint64_t, ull & ~0xffULL);
2716 				break;
2717 			case 2:
2718 				x = CAST(uint64_t, ull & ~0xffffULL);
2719 				break;
2720 			case 4:
2721 				x = CAST(uint64_t, ull & ~0xffffffffULL);
2722 				break;
2723 			case 8:
2724 				x = 0;
2725 				break;
2726 			default:
2727 				abort();
2728 			}
2729 			if (x) {
2730 				file_magwarn(ms, "Overflow for numeric"
2731 				    " type `%s' value %#" PRIx64,
2732 				    type_tbl[m->type].name, ull);
2733 			}
2734 		}
2735 		if (errno == 0) {
2736 			*p = ep;
2737 			eatsize(p);
2738 		}
2739 		return 0;
2740 	}
2741 }
2742 
2743 /*
2744  * Convert a string containing C character escapes.  Stop at an unescaped
2745  * space or tab.
2746  * Copy the converted version to "m->value.s", and the length in m->vallen.
2747  * Return updated scan pointer as function result. Warn if set.
2748  */
2749 private const char *
2750 getstr(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char *s, int warn)
2751 {
2752 	const char *origs = s;
2753 	char	*p = m->value.s;
2754 	size_t  plen = sizeof(m->value.s);
2755 	char 	*origp = p;
2756 	char	*pmax = p + plen - 1;
2757 	int	c;
2758 	int	val;
2759 
2760 	while ((c = *s++) != '\0') {
2761 		if (isspace(CAST(unsigned char, c)))
2762 			break;
2763 		if (p >= pmax) {
2764 			file_error(ms, 0, "string too long: `%s'", origs);
2765 			return NULL;
2766 		}
2767 		if (c == '\\') {
2768 			switch(c = *s++) {
2769 
2770 			case '\0':
2771 				if (warn)
2772 					file_magwarn(ms, "incomplete escape");
2773 				s--;
2774 				goto out;
2775 
2776 			case '\t':
2777 				if (warn) {
2778 					file_magwarn(ms,
2779 					    "escaped tab found, use \\t instead");
2780 					warn = 0;	/* already did */
2781 				}
2782 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2783 			default:
2784 				if (warn) {
2785 					if (isprint(CAST(unsigned char, c))) {
2786 						/* Allow escaping of
2787 						 * ``relations'' */
2788 						if (strchr("<>&^=!", c) == NULL
2789 						    && (m->type != FILE_REGEX ||
2790 						    strchr("[]().*?^$|{}", c)
2791 						    == NULL)) {
2792 							file_magwarn(ms, "no "
2793 							    "need to escape "
2794 							    "`%c'", c);
2795 						}
2796 					} else {
2797 						file_magwarn(ms,
2798 						    "unknown escape sequence: "
2799 						    "\\%03o", c);
2800 					}
2801 				}
2802 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2803 			/* space, perhaps force people to use \040? */
2804 			case ' ':
2805 #if 0
2806 			/*
2807 			 * Other things people escape, but shouldn't need to,
2808 			 * so we disallow them
2809 			 */
2810 			case '\'':
2811 			case '"':
2812 			case '?':
2813 #endif
2814 			/* Relations */
2815 			case '>':
2816 			case '<':
2817 			case '&':
2818 			case '^':
2819 			case '=':
2820 			case '!':
2821 			/* and baskslash itself */
2822 			case '\\':
2823 				*p++ = CAST(char, c);
2824 				break;
2825 
2826 			case 'a':
2827 				*p++ = '\a';
2828 				break;
2829 
2830 			case 'b':
2831 				*p++ = '\b';
2832 				break;
2833 
2834 			case 'f':
2835 				*p++ = '\f';
2836 				break;
2837 
2838 			case 'n':
2839 				*p++ = '\n';
2840 				break;
2841 
2842 			case 'r':
2843 				*p++ = '\r';
2844 				break;
2845 
2846 			case 't':
2847 				*p++ = '\t';
2848 				break;
2849 
2850 			case 'v':
2851 				*p++ = '\v';
2852 				break;
2853 
2854 			/* \ and up to 3 octal digits */
2855 			case '0':
2856 			case '1':
2857 			case '2':
2858 			case '3':
2859 			case '4':
2860 			case '5':
2861 			case '6':
2862 			case '7':
2863 				val = c - '0';
2864 				c = *s++;  /* try for 2 */
2865 				if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
2866 					val = (val << 3) | (c - '0');
2867 					c = *s++;  /* try for 3 */
2868 					if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
2869 						val = (val << 3) | (c-'0');
2870 					else
2871 						--s;
2872 				}
2873 				else
2874 					--s;
2875 				*p++ = CAST(char, val);
2876 				break;
2877 
2878 			/* \x and up to 2 hex digits */
2879 			case 'x':
2880 				val = 'x';	/* Default if no digits */
2881 				c = hextoint(*s++);	/* Get next char */
2882 				if (c >= 0) {
2883 					val = c;
2884 					c = hextoint(*s++);
2885 					if (c >= 0)
2886 						val = (val << 4) + c;
2887 					else
2888 						--s;
2889 				} else
2890 					--s;
2891 				*p++ = CAST(char, val);
2892 				break;
2893 			}
2894 		} else
2895 			*p++ = CAST(char, c);
2896 	}
2897 	--s;
2898 out:
2899 	*p = '\0';
2900 	m->vallen = CAST(unsigned char, (p - origp));
2901 	if (m->type == FILE_PSTRING)
2902 		m->vallen += CAST(unsigned char, file_pstring_length_size(m));
2903 	return s;
2904 }
2905 
2906 
2907 /* Single hex char to int; -1 if not a hex char. */
2908 private int
2909 hextoint(int c)
2910 {
2911 	if (!isascii(CAST(unsigned char, c)))
2912 		return -1;
2913 	if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, c)))
2914 		return c - '0';
2915 	if ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'f'))
2916 		return c + 10 - 'a';
2917 	if (( c>= 'A') && (c <= 'F'))
2918 		return c + 10 - 'A';
2919 	return -1;
2920 }
2921 
2922 
2923 /*
2924  * Print a string containing C character escapes.
2925  */
2926 protected void
2927 file_showstr(FILE *fp, const char *s, size_t len)
2928 {
2929 	char	c;
2930 
2931 	for (;;) {
2932 		if (len == ~0U) {
2933 			c = *s++;
2934 			if (c == '\0')
2935 				break;
2936 		}
2937 		else  {
2938 			if (len-- == 0)
2939 				break;
2940 			c = *s++;
2941 		}
2942 		if (c >= 040 && c <= 0176)	/* TODO isprint && !iscntrl */
2943 			(void) fputc(c, fp);
2944 		else {
2945 			(void) fputc('\\', fp);
2946 			switch (c) {
2947 			case '\a':
2948 				(void) fputc('a', fp);
2949 				break;
2950 
2951 			case '\b':
2952 				(void) fputc('b', fp);
2953 				break;
2954 
2955 			case '\f':
2956 				(void) fputc('f', fp);
2957 				break;
2958 
2959 			case '\n':
2960 				(void) fputc('n', fp);
2961 				break;
2962 
2963 			case '\r':
2964 				(void) fputc('r', fp);
2965 				break;
2966 
2967 			case '\t':
2968 				(void) fputc('t', fp);
2969 				break;
2970 
2971 			case '\v':
2972 				(void) fputc('v', fp);
2973 				break;
2974 
2975 			default:
2976 				(void) fprintf(fp, "%.3o", c & 0377);
2977 				break;
2978 			}
2979 		}
2980 	}
2981 }
2982 
2983 /*
2984  * eatsize(): Eat the size spec from a number [eg. 10UL]
2985  */
2986 private void
2987 eatsize(const char **p)
2988 {
2989 	const char *l = *p;
2990 
2991 	if (LOWCASE(*l) == 'u')
2992 		l++;
2993 
2994 	switch (LOWCASE(*l)) {
2995 	case 'l':    /* long */
2996 	case 's':    /* short */
2997 	case 'h':    /* short */
2998 	case 'b':    /* char/byte */
2999 	case 'c':    /* char/byte */
3000 		l++;
3001 		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
3002 	default:
3003 		break;
3004 	}
3005 
3006 	*p = l;
3007 }
3008 
3009 /*
3010  * handle a buffer containing a compiled file.
3011  */
3012 private struct magic_map *
3013 apprentice_buf(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *buf, size_t len)
3014 {
3015 	struct magic_map *map;
3016 
3017 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL) {
3018 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
3019 		return NULL;
3020 	}
3021 	map->len = len;
3022 	map->p = buf;
3023 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_USER;
3024 	if (check_buffer(ms, map, "buffer") != 0) {
3025 		apprentice_unmap(map);
3026 		return NULL;
3027 	}
3028 	return map;
3029 }
3030 
3031 /*
3032  * handle a compiled file.
3033  */
3034 
3035 private struct magic_map *
3036 apprentice_map(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn)
3037 {
3038 	int fd;
3039 	struct stat st;
3040 	char *dbname = NULL;
3041 	struct magic_map *map;
3042 	struct magic_map *rv = NULL;
3043 
3044 	fd = -1;
3045 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL) {
3046 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
3047 		goto error;
3048 	}
3049 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_USER;	/* unspecified */
3050 
3051 	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 0);
3052 	if (dbname == NULL)
3053 		goto error;
3054 
3055 	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) == -1)
3056 		goto error;
3057 
3058 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
3059 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot stat `%s'", dbname);
3060 		goto error;
3061 	}
3062 	if (st.st_size < 8 || st.st_size > maxoff_t()) {
3063 		file_error(ms, 0, "file `%s' is too %s", dbname,
3064 		    st.st_size < 8 ? "small" : "large");
3065 		goto error;
3066 	}
3067 
3068 	map->len = CAST(size_t, st.st_size);
3069 #ifdef QUICK
3070 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MMAP;
3071 	if ((map->p = mmap(0, CAST(size_t, st.st_size), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
3072 	    MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FILE, fd, CAST(off_t, 0))) == MAP_FAILED) {
3073 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot map `%s'", dbname);
3074 		goto error;
3075 	}
3076 #else
3077 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MALLOC;
3078 	if ((map->p = CAST(void *, malloc(map->len))) == NULL) {
3079 		file_oomem(ms, map->len);
3080 		goto error;
3081 	}
3082 	if (read(fd, map->p, map->len) != (ssize_t)map->len) {
3083 		file_badread(ms);
3084 		goto error;
3085 	}
3086 #define RET	1
3087 #endif
3088 	(void)close(fd);
3089 	fd = -1;
3090 
3091 	if (check_buffer(ms, map, dbname) != 0) {
3092 		rv = RCAST(struct magic_map *, -1);
3093 		goto error;
3094 	}
3095 #ifdef QUICK
3096 	if (mprotect(map->p, CAST(size_t, st.st_size), PROT_READ) == -1) {
3097 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot mprotect `%s'", dbname);
3098 		goto error;
3099 	}
3100 #endif
3101 
3102 	free(dbname);
3103 	return map;
3104 
3105 error:
3106 	if (fd != -1)
3107 		(void)close(fd);
3108 	apprentice_unmap(map);
3109 	free(dbname);
3110 	return rv;
3111 }
3112 
3113 private int
3114 check_buffer(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_map *map, const char *dbname)
3115 {
3116 	uint32_t *ptr;
3117 	uint32_t entries, nentries;
3118 	uint32_t version;
3119 	int i, needsbyteswap;
3120 
3121 	ptr = CAST(uint32_t *, map->p);
3122 	if (*ptr != MAGICNO) {
3123 		if (swap4(*ptr) != MAGICNO) {
3124 			file_error(ms, 0, "bad magic in `%s'", dbname);
3125 			return -1;
3126 		}
3127 		needsbyteswap = 1;
3128 	} else
3129 		needsbyteswap = 0;
3130 	if (needsbyteswap)
3131 		version = swap4(ptr[1]);
3132 	else
3133 		version = ptr[1];
3134 	if (version != VERSIONNO) {
3135 		file_error(ms, 0, "File %s supports only version %d magic "
3136 		    "files. `%s' is version %d", VERSION,
3137 		    VERSIONNO, dbname, version);
3138 		return -1;
3139 	}
3140 	entries = CAST(uint32_t, map->len / sizeof(struct magic));
3141 	if ((entries * sizeof(struct magic)) != map->len) {
3142 		file_error(ms, 0, "Size of `%s' %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u is not "
3143 		    "a multiple of %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u",
3144 		    dbname, map->len, sizeof(struct magic));
3145 		return -1;
3146 	}
3147 	map->magic[0] = CAST(struct magic *, map->p) + 1;
3148 	nentries = 0;
3149 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
3150 		if (needsbyteswap)
3151 			map->nmagic[i] = swap4(ptr[i + 2]);
3152 		else
3153 			map->nmagic[i] = ptr[i + 2];
3154 		if (i != MAGIC_SETS - 1)
3155 			map->magic[i + 1] = map->magic[i] + map->nmagic[i];
3156 		nentries += map->nmagic[i];
3157 	}
3158 	if (entries != nentries + 1) {
3159 		file_error(ms, 0, "Inconsistent entries in `%s' %u != %u",
3160 		    dbname, entries, nentries + 1);
3161 		return -1;
3162 	}
3163 	if (needsbyteswap)
3164 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
3165 			byteswap(map->magic[i], map->nmagic[i]);
3166 	return 0;
3167 }
3168 
3169 /*
3170  * handle an mmaped file.
3171  */
3172 private int
3173 apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_map *map, const char *fn)
3174 {
3175 	static const size_t nm = sizeof(*map->nmagic) * MAGIC_SETS;
3176 	static const size_t m = sizeof(**map->magic);
3177 	int fd = -1;
3178 	size_t len;
3179 	char *dbname;
3180 	int rv = -1;
3181 	uint32_t i;
3182 	union {
3183 		struct magic m;
3184 		uint32_t h[2 + MAGIC_SETS];
3185 	} hdr;
3186 
3187 	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 1);
3188 
3189 	if (dbname == NULL)
3190 		goto out;
3191 
3192 	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0644)) == -1)
3193 	{
3194 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot open `%s'", dbname);
3195 		goto out;
3196 	}
3197 	memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(hdr));
3198 	hdr.h[0] = MAGICNO;
3199 	hdr.h[1] = VERSIONNO;
3200 	memcpy(hdr.h + 2, map->nmagic, nm);
3201 
3202 	if (write(fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) != CAST(ssize_t, sizeof(hdr))) {
3203 		file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
3204 		goto out2;
3205 	}
3206 
3207 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
3208 		len = m * map->nmagic[i];
3209 		if (write(fd, map->magic[i], len) != CAST(ssize_t, len)) {
3210 			file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
3211 			goto out2;
3212 		}
3213 	}
3214 
3215 	rv = 0;
3216 out2:
3217 	if (fd != -1)
3218 		(void)close(fd);
3219 out:
3220 	apprentice_unmap(map);
3221 	free(dbname);
3222 	return rv;
3223 }
3224 
3225 private const char ext[] = ".mgc";
3226 /*
3227  * make a dbname
3228  */
3229 private char *
3230 mkdbname(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int strip)
3231 {
3232 	const char *p, *q;
3233 	char *buf;
3234 
3235 	if (strip) {
3236 		if ((p = strrchr(fn, '/')) != NULL)
3237 			fn = ++p;
3238 	}
3239 
3240 	for (q = fn; *q; q++)
3241 		continue;
3242 	/* Look for .mgc */
3243 	for (p = ext + sizeof(ext) - 1; p >= ext && q >= fn; p--, q--)
3244 		if (*p != *q)
3245 			break;
3246 
3247 	/* Did not find .mgc, restore q */
3248 	if (p >= ext)
3249 		while (*q)
3250 			q++;
3251 
3252 	q++;
3253 	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
3254 	if (ms->flags & MAGIC_MIME) {
3255 		if (asprintf(&buf, "%.*s.mime%s", CAST(int, q - fn), fn, ext)
3256 		    < 0)
3257 			return NULL;
3258 		if (access(buf, R_OK) != -1) {
3259 			ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
3260 			return buf;
3261 		}
3262 		free(buf);
3263 	}
3264 	if (asprintf(&buf, "%.*s%s", CAST(int, q - fn), fn, ext) < 0)
3265 		return NULL;
3266 
3267 	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
3268 	if (strstr(fn, ".mime") != NULL)
3269 		ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
3270 	return buf;
3271 }
3272 
3273 /*
3274  * Byteswap an mmap'ed file if needed
3275  */
3276 private void
3277 byteswap(struct magic *magic, uint32_t nmagic)
3278 {
3279 	uint32_t i;
3280 	for (i = 0; i < nmagic; i++)
3281 		bs1(&magic[i]);
3282 }
3283 
3284 /*
3285  * swap a short
3286  */
3287 private uint16_t
3288 swap2(uint16_t sv)
3289 {
3290 	uint16_t rv;
3291 	uint8_t *s = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &sv));
3292 	uint8_t *d = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &rv));
3293 	d[0] = s[1];
3294 	d[1] = s[0];
3295 	return rv;
3296 }
3297 
3298 /*
3299  * swap an int
3300  */
3301 private uint32_t
3302 swap4(uint32_t sv)
3303 {
3304 	uint32_t rv;
3305 	uint8_t *s = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &sv));
3306 	uint8_t *d = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &rv));
3307 	d[0] = s[3];
3308 	d[1] = s[2];
3309 	d[2] = s[1];
3310 	d[3] = s[0];
3311 	return rv;
3312 }
3313 
3314 /*
3315  * swap a quad
3316  */
3317 private uint64_t
3318 swap8(uint64_t sv)
3319 {
3320 	uint64_t rv;
3321 	uint8_t *s = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &sv));
3322 	uint8_t *d = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &rv));
3323 #if 0
3324 	d[0] = s[3];
3325 	d[1] = s[2];
3326 	d[2] = s[1];
3327 	d[3] = s[0];
3328 	d[4] = s[7];
3329 	d[5] = s[6];
3330 	d[6] = s[5];
3331 	d[7] = s[4];
3332 #else
3333 	d[0] = s[7];
3334 	d[1] = s[6];
3335 	d[2] = s[5];
3336 	d[3] = s[4];
3337 	d[4] = s[3];
3338 	d[5] = s[2];
3339 	d[6] = s[1];
3340 	d[7] = s[0];
3341 #endif
3342 	return rv;
3343 }
3344 
3345 /*
3346  * byteswap a single magic entry
3347  */
3348 private void
3349 bs1(struct magic *m)
3350 {
3351 	m->cont_level = swap2(m->cont_level);
3352 	m->offset = swap4(CAST(uint32_t, m->offset));
3353 	m->in_offset = swap4(CAST(uint32_t, m->in_offset));
3354 	m->lineno = swap4(CAST(uint32_t, m->lineno));
3355 	if (IS_STRING(m->type)) {
3356 		m->str_range = swap4(m->str_range);
3357 		m->str_flags = swap4(m->str_flags);
3358 	}
3359 	else {
3360 		m->value.q = swap8(m->value.q);
3361 		m->num_mask = swap8(m->num_mask);
3362 	}
3363 }
3364 
3365 protected size_t
3366 file_pstring_length_size(const struct magic *m)
3367 {
3368 	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
3369 	case PSTRING_1_LE:
3370 		return 1;
3371 	case PSTRING_2_LE:
3372 	case PSTRING_2_BE:
3373 		return 2;
3374 	case PSTRING_4_LE:
3375 	case PSTRING_4_BE:
3376 		return 4;
3377 	default:
3378 		abort();	/* Impossible */
3379 		return 1;
3380 	}
3381 }
3382 protected size_t
3383 file_pstring_get_length(const struct magic *m, const char *ss)
3384 {
3385 	size_t len = 0;
3386 	const unsigned char *s = RCAST(const unsigned char *, ss);
3387 	unsigned int s3, s2, s1, s0;
3388 
3389 	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
3390 	case PSTRING_1_LE:
3391 		len = *s;
3392 		break;
3393 	case PSTRING_2_LE:
3394 		s0 = s[0];
3395 		s1 = s[1];
3396 		len = (s1 << 8) | s0;
3397 		break;
3398 	case PSTRING_2_BE:
3399 		s0 = s[0];
3400 		s1 = s[1];
3401 		len = (s0 << 8) | s1;
3402 		break;
3403 	case PSTRING_4_LE:
3404 		s0 = s[0];
3405 		s1 = s[1];
3406 		s2 = s[2];
3407 		s3 = s[3];
3408 		len = (s3 << 24) | (s2 << 16) | (s1 << 8) | s0;
3409 		break;
3410 	case PSTRING_4_BE:
3411 		s0 = s[0];
3412 		s1 = s[1];
3413 		s2 = s[2];
3414 		s3 = s[3];
3415 		len = (s0 << 24) | (s1 << 16) | (s2 << 8) | s3;
3416 		break;
3417 	default:
3418 		abort();	/* Impossible */
3419 	}
3420 
3421 	if (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF)
3422 		len -= file_pstring_length_size(m);
3423 
3424 	return len;
3425 }
3426 
3427 protected int
3428 file_magicfind(struct magic_set *ms, const char *name, struct mlist *v)
3429 {
3430 	uint32_t i, j;
3431 	struct mlist *mlist, *ml;
3432 
3433 	mlist = ms->mlist[1];
3434 
3435 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = ml->next) {
3436 		struct magic *ma = ml->magic;
3437 		uint32_t nma = ml->nmagic;
3438 		for (i = 0; i < nma; i++) {
3439 			if (ma[i].type != FILE_NAME)
3440 				continue;
3441 			if (strcmp(ma[i].value.s, name) == 0) {
3442 				v->magic = &ma[i];
3443 				for (j = i + 1; j < nma; j++)
3444 				    if (ma[j].cont_level == 0)
3445 					    break;
3446 				v->nmagic = j - i;
3447 				return 0;
3448 			}
3449 		}
3450 	}
3451 	return -1;
3452 }
3453