xref: /netbsd-src/external/bsd/file/dist/src/apprentice.c (revision 7330f729ccf0bd976a06f95fad452fe774fc7fd1)
1 /*	$NetBSD: apprentice.c,v 1.23 2019/05/22 17:26:05 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin 1986-1995.
5  * Software written by Ian F. Darwin and others;
6  * maintained 1995-present by Christos Zoulas and others.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification,
13  *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  *
18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
19  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
20  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
21  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
22  * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
23  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
24  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
25  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
26  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
27  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28  * SUCH DAMAGE.
29  */
30 /*
31  * apprentice - make one pass through /etc/magic, learning its secrets.
32  */
33 
34 #include "file.h"
35 
36 #ifndef	lint
37 #if 0
38 FILE_RCSID("@(#)$File: apprentice.c,v 1.283 2019/02/20 02:35:27 christos Exp $")
39 #else
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: apprentice.c,v 1.23 2019/05/22 17:26:05 christos Exp $");
41 #endif
42 #endif	/* lint */
43 
44 #include "magic.h"
45 #include <stdlib.h>
46 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
47 #include <unistd.h>
48 #endif
49 #include <stddef.h>
50 #include <string.h>
51 #include <assert.h>
52 #include <ctype.h>
53 #include <fcntl.h>
54 #ifdef QUICK
55 #include <sys/mman.h>
56 #endif
57 #include <dirent.h>
58 #include <limits.h>
59 
60 
61 #define	EATAB {while (isascii(CAST(unsigned char, *l)) && \
62 		      isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *l)))  ++l;}
63 #define LOWCASE(l) (isupper(CAST(unsigned char, l)) ? \
64 			tolower(CAST(unsigned char, l)) : (l))
65 /*
66  * Work around a bug in headers on Digital Unix.
67  * At least confirmed for: OSF1 V4.0 878
68  */
69 #if defined(__osf__) && defined(__DECC)
70 #ifdef MAP_FAILED
71 #undef MAP_FAILED
72 #endif
73 #endif
74 
75 #ifndef MAP_FAILED
76 #define MAP_FAILED (void *) -1
77 #endif
78 
79 #ifndef MAP_FILE
80 #define MAP_FILE 0
81 #endif
82 
83 #define ALLOC_CHUNK	CAST(size_t, 10)
84 #define ALLOC_INCR	CAST(size_t, 200)
85 
86 #define MAP_TYPE_USER	0
87 #define MAP_TYPE_MALLOC	1
88 #define MAP_TYPE_MMAP	2
89 
90 struct magic_entry {
91 	struct magic *mp;
92 	uint32_t cont_count;
93 	uint32_t max_count;
94 };
95 
96 struct magic_entry_set {
97 	struct magic_entry *me;
98 	uint32_t count;
99 	uint32_t max;
100 };
101 
102 struct magic_map {
103 	void *p;
104 	size_t len;
105 	int type;
106 	struct magic *magic[MAGIC_SETS];
107 	uint32_t nmagic[MAGIC_SETS];
108 };
109 
110 int file_formats[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
111 const size_t file_nformats = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;
112 const char *file_names[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
113 const size_t file_nnames = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;
114 
115 private int getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *, const char **, int);
116 private int hextoint(int);
117 private const char *getstr(struct magic_set *, struct magic *, const char *,
118     int);
119 private int parse(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *,
120     size_t, int);
121 private void eatsize(const char **);
122 private int apprentice_1(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
123 private size_t apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *);
124 private int apprentice_sort(const void *, const void *);
125 private void apprentice_list(struct mlist *, int );
126 private struct magic_map *apprentice_load(struct magic_set *,
127     const char *, int);
128 private struct mlist *mlist_alloc(void);
129 private void mlist_free(struct mlist *);
130 private void byteswap(struct magic *, uint32_t);
131 private void bs1(struct magic *);
132 private uint16_t swap2(uint16_t);
133 private uint32_t swap4(uint32_t);
134 private uint64_t swap8(uint64_t);
135 private char *mkdbname(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
136 private struct magic_map *apprentice_buf(struct magic_set *, struct magic *,
137     size_t);
138 private struct magic_map *apprentice_map(struct magic_set *, const char *);
139 private int check_buffer(struct magic_set *, struct magic_map *, const char *);
140 private void apprentice_unmap(struct magic_map *);
141 private int apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *, struct magic_map *,
142     const char *);
143 private int check_format_type(const char *, int, const char **);
144 private int check_format(struct magic_set *, struct magic *);
145 private int get_op(char);
146 private int parse_mime(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
147 private int parse_strength(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
148 private int parse_apple(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
149 private int parse_ext(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
150 
151 
152 private size_t magicsize = sizeof(struct magic);
153 
154 private const char usg_hdr[] = "cont\toffset\ttype\topcode\tmask\tvalue\tdesc";
155 
156 private struct {
157 	const char *name;
158 	size_t len;
159 	int (*fun)(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
160 } bang[] = {
161 #define	DECLARE_FIELD(name) { # name, sizeof(# name) - 1, parse_ ## name }
162 	DECLARE_FIELD(mime),
163 	DECLARE_FIELD(apple),
164 	DECLARE_FIELD(ext),
165 	DECLARE_FIELD(strength),
166 #undef	DECLARE_FIELD
167 	{ NULL, 0, NULL }
168 };
169 
170 #ifdef COMPILE_ONLY
171 
172 int main(int, char *[]);
173 
174 int
175 main(int argc, char *argv[])
176 {
177 	int ret;
178 	struct magic_set *ms;
179 	char *progname;
180 
181 	if ((progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
182 		progname++;
183 	else
184 		progname = argv[0];
185 
186 	if (argc != 2) {
187 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file\n", progname);
188 		return 1;
189 	}
190 
191 	if ((ms = magic_open(MAGIC_CHECK)) == NULL) {
192 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, strerror(errno));
193 		return 1;
194 	}
195 	ret = magic_compile(ms, argv[1]) == -1 ? 1 : 0;
196 	if (ret == 1)
197 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, magic_error(ms));
198 	magic_close(ms);
199 	return ret;
200 }
201 #endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */
202 
203 struct type_tbl_s {
204 	const char name[16];
205 	const size_t len;
206 	const int type;
207 	const int format;
208 };
209 
210 /*
211  * XXX - the actual Single UNIX Specification says that "long" means "long",
212  * as in the C data type, but we treat it as meaning "4-byte integer".
213  * Given that the OS X version of file 5.04 did the same, I guess that passes
214  * the actual test; having "long" be dependent on how big a "long" is on
215  * the machine running "file" is silly.
216  */
217 static const struct type_tbl_s type_tbl[] = {
218 # define XX(s)		s, (sizeof(s) - 1)
219 # define XX_NULL	"", 0
220 	{ XX("invalid"),	FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
221 	{ XX("byte"),		FILE_BYTE,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
222 	{ XX("short"),		FILE_SHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
223 	{ XX("default"),	FILE_DEFAULT,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
224 	{ XX("long"),		FILE_LONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
225 	{ XX("string"),		FILE_STRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
226 	{ XX("date"),		FILE_DATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
227 	{ XX("beshort"),	FILE_BESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
228 	{ XX("belong"),		FILE_BELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
229 	{ XX("bedate"),		FILE_BEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
230 	{ XX("leshort"),	FILE_LESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
231 	{ XX("lelong"),		FILE_LELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
232 	{ XX("ledate"),		FILE_LEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
233 	{ XX("pstring"),	FILE_PSTRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
234 	{ XX("ldate"),		FILE_LDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
235 	{ XX("beldate"),	FILE_BELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
236 	{ XX("leldate"),	FILE_LELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
237 	{ XX("regex"),		FILE_REGEX,		FILE_FMT_STR },
238 	{ XX("bestring16"),	FILE_BESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
239 	{ XX("lestring16"),	FILE_LESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
240 	{ XX("search"),		FILE_SEARCH,		FILE_FMT_STR },
241 	{ XX("medate"),		FILE_MEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
242 	{ XX("meldate"),	FILE_MELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
243 	{ XX("melong"),		FILE_MELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
244 	{ XX("quad"),		FILE_QUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
245 	{ XX("lequad"),		FILE_LEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
246 	{ XX("bequad"),		FILE_BEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
247 	{ XX("qdate"),		FILE_QDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
248 	{ XX("leqdate"),	FILE_LEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
249 	{ XX("beqdate"),	FILE_BEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
250 	{ XX("qldate"),		FILE_QLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
251 	{ XX("leqldate"),	FILE_LEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
252 	{ XX("beqldate"),	FILE_BEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
253 	{ XX("float"),		FILE_FLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
254 	{ XX("befloat"),	FILE_BEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
255 	{ XX("lefloat"),	FILE_LEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
256 	{ XX("double"),		FILE_DOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
257 	{ XX("bedouble"),	FILE_BEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
258 	{ XX("ledouble"),	FILE_LEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
259 	{ XX("leid3"),		FILE_LEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
260 	{ XX("beid3"),		FILE_BEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
261 	{ XX("indirect"),	FILE_INDIRECT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
262 	{ XX("qwdate"),		FILE_QWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
263 	{ XX("leqwdate"),	FILE_LEQWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
264 	{ XX("beqwdate"),	FILE_BEQWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
265 	{ XX("name"),		FILE_NAME,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
266 	{ XX("use"),		FILE_USE,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
267 	{ XX("clear"),		FILE_CLEAR,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
268 	{ XX("der"),		FILE_DER,		FILE_FMT_STR },
269 	{ XX_NULL,		FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
270 };
271 
272 /*
273  * These are not types, and cannot be preceded by "u" to make them
274  * unsigned.
275  */
276 static const struct type_tbl_s special_tbl[] = {
277 	{ XX("der"),		FILE_DER,		FILE_FMT_STR },
278 	{ XX("name"),		FILE_NAME,		FILE_FMT_STR },
279 	{ XX("use"),		FILE_USE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
280 	{ XX_NULL,		FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
281 };
282 # undef XX
283 # undef XX_NULL
284 
285 private int
286 get_type(const struct type_tbl_s *tbl, const char *l, const char **t)
287 {
288 	const struct type_tbl_s *p;
289 
290 	for (p = tbl; p->len; p++) {
291 		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0) {
292 			if (t)
293 				*t = l + p->len;
294 			break;
295 		}
296 	}
297 	return p->type;
298 }
299 
300 private off_t
301 maxoff_t(void) {
302 	if (/*CONSTCOND*/sizeof(off_t) == sizeof(int))
303 		return CAST(off_t, INT_MAX);
304 	if (/*CONSTCOND*/sizeof(off_t) == sizeof(long))
305 		return CAST(off_t, LONG_MAX);
306 	return 0x7fffffff;
307 }
308 
309 private int
310 get_standard_integer_type(const char *l, const char **t)
311 {
312 	int type;
313 
314 	if (isalpha(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) {
315 		switch (l[1]) {
316 		case 'C':
317 			/* "dC" and "uC" */
318 			type = FILE_BYTE;
319 			break;
320 		case 'S':
321 			/* "dS" and "uS" */
322 			type = FILE_SHORT;
323 			break;
324 		case 'I':
325 		case 'L':
326 			/*
327 			 * "dI", "dL", "uI", and "uL".
328 			 *
329 			 * XXX - the actual Single UNIX Specification says
330 			 * that "L" means "long", as in the C data type,
331 			 * but we treat it as meaning "4-byte integer".
332 			 * Given that the OS X version of file 5.04 did
333 			 * the same, I guess that passes the actual SUS
334 			 * validation suite; having "dL" be dependent on
335 			 * how big a "long" is on the machine running
336 			 * "file" is silly.
337 			 */
338 			type = FILE_LONG;
339 			break;
340 		case 'Q':
341 			/* "dQ" and "uQ" */
342 			type = FILE_QUAD;
343 			break;
344 		default:
345 			/* "d{anything else}", "u{anything else}" */
346 			return FILE_INVALID;
347 		}
348 		l += 2;
349 	} else if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) {
350 		/*
351 		 * "d{num}" and "u{num}"; we only support {num} values
352 		 * of 1, 2, 4, and 8 - the Single UNIX Specification
353 		 * doesn't say anything about whether arbitrary
354 		 * values should be supported, but both the Solaris 10
355 		 * and OS X Mountain Lion versions of file passed the
356 		 * Single UNIX Specification validation suite, and
357 		 * neither of them support values bigger than 8 or
358 		 * non-power-of-2 values.
359 		 */
360 		if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, l[2]))) {
361 			/* Multi-digit, so > 9 */
362 			return FILE_INVALID;
363 		}
364 		switch (l[1]) {
365 		case '1':
366 			type = FILE_BYTE;
367 			break;
368 		case '2':
369 			type = FILE_SHORT;
370 			break;
371 		case '4':
372 			type = FILE_LONG;
373 			break;
374 		case '8':
375 			type = FILE_QUAD;
376 			break;
377 		default:
378 			/* XXX - what about 3, 5, 6, or 7? */
379 			return FILE_INVALID;
380 		}
381 		l += 2;
382 	} else {
383 		/*
384 		 * "d" or "u" by itself.
385 		 */
386 		type = FILE_LONG;
387 		++l;
388 	}
389 	if (t)
390 		*t = l;
391 	return type;
392 }
393 
394 private void
395 init_file_tables(void)
396 {
397 	static int done = 0;
398 	const struct type_tbl_s *p;
399 
400 	if (done)
401 		return;
402 	done++;
403 
404 	for (p = type_tbl; p->len; p++) {
405 		assert(p->type < FILE_NAMES_SIZE);
406 		file_names[p->type] = p->name;
407 		file_formats[p->type] = p->format;
408 	}
409 	assert(p - type_tbl == FILE_NAMES_SIZE);
410 }
411 
412 private int
413 add_mlist(struct mlist *mlp, struct magic_map *map, size_t idx)
414 {
415 	struct mlist *ml;
416 
417 	mlp->map = NULL;
418 	if ((ml = CAST(struct mlist *, malloc(sizeof(*ml)))) == NULL)
419 		return -1;
420 
421 	ml->map = idx == 0 ? map : NULL;
422 	ml->magic = map->magic[idx];
423 	ml->nmagic = map->nmagic[idx];
424 
425 	mlp->prev->next = ml;
426 	ml->prev = mlp->prev;
427 	ml->next = mlp;
428 	mlp->prev = ml;
429 	return 0;
430 }
431 
432 /*
433  * Handle one file or directory.
434  */
435 private int
436 apprentice_1(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
437 {
438 	struct magic_map *map;
439 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
440 	struct mlist *ml;
441 	size_t i;
442 #endif
443 
444 	if (magicsize != FILE_MAGICSIZE) {
445 		file_error(ms, 0, "magic element size %lu != %lu",
446 		    CAST(unsigned long, sizeof(*map->magic[0])),
447 		    CAST(unsigned long, FILE_MAGICSIZE));
448 		return -1;
449 	}
450 
451 	if (action == FILE_COMPILE) {
452 		map = apprentice_load(ms, fn, action);
453 		if (map == NULL)
454 			return -1;
455 		return apprentice_compile(ms, map, fn);
456 	}
457 
458 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
459 	map = apprentice_map(ms, fn);
460 	if (map == RCAST(struct magic_map *, -1))
461 		return -1;
462 	if (map == NULL) {
463 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
464 			file_magwarn(ms, "using regular magic file `%s'", fn);
465 		map = apprentice_load(ms, fn, action);
466 		if (map == NULL)
467 			return -1;
468 	}
469 
470 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
471 		if (add_mlist(ms->mlist[i], map, i) == -1) {
472 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ml));
473 			return -1;
474 		}
475 	}
476 
477 	if (action == FILE_LIST) {
478 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
479 			printf("Set %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u:\nBinary patterns:\n",
480 			    i);
481 			apprentice_list(ms->mlist[i], BINTEST);
482 			printf("Text patterns:\n");
483 			apprentice_list(ms->mlist[i], TEXTTEST);
484 		}
485 	}
486 	return 0;
487 #else
488 	return 0;
489 #endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */
490 }
491 
492 protected void
493 file_ms_free(struct magic_set *ms)
494 {
495 	size_t i;
496 	if (ms == NULL)
497 		return;
498 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
499 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
500 	free(ms->o.pbuf);
501 	free(ms->o.buf);
502 	free(ms->c.li);
503 	free(ms);
504 }
505 
506 protected struct magic_set *
507 file_ms_alloc(int flags)
508 {
509 	struct magic_set *ms;
510 	size_t i, len;
511 
512 	if ((ms = CAST(struct magic_set *, calloc(CAST(size_t, 1u),
513 	    sizeof(struct magic_set)))) == NULL)
514 		return NULL;
515 
516 	if (magic_setflags(ms, flags) == -1) {
517 		errno = EINVAL;
518 		goto free;
519 	}
520 
521 	ms->o.buf = ms->o.pbuf = NULL;
522 	len = (ms->c.len = 10) * sizeof(*ms->c.li);
523 
524 	if ((ms->c.li = CAST(struct level_info *, malloc(len))) == NULL)
525 		goto free;
526 
527 	ms->event_flags = 0;
528 	ms->error = -1;
529 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
530 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
531 	ms->file = "unknown";
532 	ms->line = 0;
533 	ms->indir_max = FILE_INDIR_MAX;
534 	ms->name_max = FILE_NAME_MAX;
535 	ms->elf_shnum_max = FILE_ELF_SHNUM_MAX;
536 	ms->elf_phnum_max = FILE_ELF_PHNUM_MAX;
537 	ms->elf_notes_max = FILE_ELF_NOTES_MAX;
538 	ms->regex_max = FILE_REGEX_MAX;
539 	ms->bytes_max = FILE_BYTES_MAX;
540 	return ms;
541 free:
542 	free(ms);
543 	return NULL;
544 }
545 
546 private void
547 apprentice_unmap(struct magic_map *map)
548 {
549 	size_t i;
550 	if (map == NULL)
551 		return;
552 
553 	switch (map->type) {
554 	case MAP_TYPE_USER:
555 		break;
556 	case MAP_TYPE_MALLOC:
557 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
558 			void *b = map->magic[i];
559 			void *p = map->p;
560 			if (CAST(char *, b) >= CAST(char *, p) &&
561 			    CAST(char *, b) <= CAST(char *, p) + map->len)
562 				continue;
563 			free(map->magic[i]);
564 		}
565 		free(map->p);
566 		break;
567 #ifdef QUICK
568 	case MAP_TYPE_MMAP:
569 		if (map->p && map->p != MAP_FAILED)
570 			(void)munmap(map->p, map->len);
571 		break;
572 #endif
573 	default:
574 		abort();
575 	}
576 	free(map);
577 }
578 
579 private struct mlist *
580 mlist_alloc(void)
581 {
582 	struct mlist *mlist;
583 	if ((mlist = CAST(struct mlist *, calloc(1, sizeof(*mlist)))) == NULL) {
584 		return NULL;
585 	}
586 	mlist->next = mlist->prev = mlist;
587 	return mlist;
588 }
589 
590 private void
591 mlist_free_one(struct mlist *ml)
592 {
593 	if (ml->map)
594 		apprentice_unmap(CAST(struct magic_map *, ml->map));
595 	free(ml);
596 }
597 
598 private void
599 mlist_free(struct mlist *mlist)
600 {
601 	struct mlist *ml, *next;
602 
603 	if (mlist == NULL)
604 		return;
605 
606 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = next) {
607 		next = ml->next;
608 		mlist_free_one(ml);
609 	}
610 	mlist_free_one(mlist);
611 }
612 
613 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
614 /* void **bufs: an array of compiled magic files */
615 protected int
616 buffer_apprentice(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic **bufs,
617     size_t *sizes, size_t nbufs)
618 {
619 	size_t i, j;
620 	struct mlist *ml;
621 	struct magic_map *map;
622 
623 	if (nbufs == 0)
624 		return -1;
625 
626 	(void)file_reset(ms, 0);
627 
628 	init_file_tables();
629 
630 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
631 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
632 		if ((ms->mlist[i] = mlist_alloc()) == NULL) {
633 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ms->mlist[i]));
634 			goto fail;
635 		}
636 	}
637 
638 	for (i = 0; i < nbufs; i++) {
639 		map = apprentice_buf(ms, bufs[i], sizes[i]);
640 		if (map == NULL)
641 			goto fail;
642 
643 		for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++) {
644 			if (add_mlist(ms->mlist[j], map, j) == -1) {
645 				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ml));
646 				goto fail;
647 			}
648 		}
649 	}
650 
651 	return 0;
652 fail:
653 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
654 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
655 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
656 	}
657 	return -1;
658 }
659 #endif
660 
661 /* const char *fn: list of magic files and directories */
662 protected int
663 file_apprentice(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
664 {
665 	char *p, *mfn;
666 	int fileerr, errs = -1;
667 	size_t i;
668 
669 	(void)file_reset(ms, 0);
670 
671 	if ((fn = magic_getpath(fn, action)) == NULL)
672 		return -1;
673 
674 	init_file_tables();
675 
676 	if ((mfn = strdup(fn)) == NULL) {
677 		file_oomem(ms, strlen(fn));
678 		return -1;
679 	}
680 
681 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
682 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
683 		if ((ms->mlist[i] = mlist_alloc()) == NULL) {
684 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ms->mlist[i]));
685 			while (i-- > 0) {
686 				mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
687 				ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
688 			}
689 			free(mfn);
690 			return -1;
691 		}
692 	}
693 	fn = mfn;
694 
695 	while (fn) {
696 		p = strchr(fn, PATHSEP);
697 		if (p)
698 			*p++ = '\0';
699 		if (*fn == '\0')
700 			break;
701 		fileerr = apprentice_1(ms, fn, action);
702 		errs = MAX(errs, fileerr);
703 		fn = p;
704 	}
705 
706 	free(mfn);
707 
708 	if (errs == -1) {
709 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
710 			mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
711 			ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
712 		}
713 		file_error(ms, 0, "could not find any valid magic files!");
714 		return -1;
715 	}
716 
717 #if 0
718 	/*
719 	 * Always leave the database loaded
720 	 */
721 	if (action == FILE_LOAD)
722 		return 0;
723 
724 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
725 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
726 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
727 	}
728 #endif
729 
730 	switch (action) {
731 	case FILE_LOAD:
732 	case FILE_COMPILE:
733 	case FILE_CHECK:
734 	case FILE_LIST:
735 		return 0;
736 	default:
737 		file_error(ms, 0, "Invalid action %d", action);
738 		return -1;
739 	}
740 }
741 
742 /*
743  * Compute the real length of a magic expression, for the purposes
744  * of determining how "strong" a magic expression is (approximating
745  * how specific its matches are):
746  *	- magic characters count 0 unless escaped.
747  *	- [] expressions count 1
748  *	- {} expressions count 0
749  *	- regular characters or escaped magic characters count 1
750  *	- 0 length expressions count as one
751  */
752 private size_t
753 nonmagic(const char *str)
754 {
755 	const char *p;
756 	size_t rv = 0;
757 
758 	for (p = str; *p; p++)
759 		switch (*p) {
760 		case '\\':	/* Escaped anything counts 1 */
761 			if (!*++p)
762 				p--;
763 			rv++;
764 			continue;
765 		case '?':	/* Magic characters count 0 */
766 		case '*':
767 		case '.':
768 		case '+':
769 		case '^':
770 		case '$':
771 			continue;
772 		case '[':	/* Bracketed expressions count 1 the ']' */
773 			while (*p && *p != ']')
774 				p++;
775 			p--;
776 			continue;
777 		case '{':	/* Braced expressions count 0 */
778 			while (*p && *p != '}')
779 				p++;
780 			if (!*p)
781 				p--;
782 			continue;
783 		default:	/* Anything else counts 1 */
784 			rv++;
785 			continue;
786 		}
787 
788 	return rv == 0 ? 1 : rv;	/* Return at least 1 */
789 }
790 
791 
792 private size_t
793 typesize(int type)
794 {
795 	switch (type) {
796 	case FILE_BYTE:
797 		return 1;
798 
799 	case FILE_SHORT:
800 	case FILE_LESHORT:
801 	case FILE_BESHORT:
802 		return 2;
803 
804 	case FILE_LONG:
805 	case FILE_LELONG:
806 	case FILE_BELONG:
807 	case FILE_MELONG:
808 		return 4;
809 
810 	case FILE_DATE:
811 	case FILE_LEDATE:
812 	case FILE_BEDATE:
813 	case FILE_MEDATE:
814 	case FILE_LDATE:
815 	case FILE_LELDATE:
816 	case FILE_BELDATE:
817 	case FILE_MELDATE:
818 	case FILE_FLOAT:
819 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
820 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
821 		return 4;
822 
823 	case FILE_QUAD:
824 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
825 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
826 	case FILE_QDATE:
827 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
828 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
829 	case FILE_QLDATE:
830 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
831 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
832 	case FILE_QWDATE:
833 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
834 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
835 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
836 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
837 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
838 		return 8;
839 	default:
840 		return CAST(size_t, ~0);
841 	}
842 }
843 
844 /*
845  * Get weight of this magic entry, for sorting purposes.
846  */
847 private size_t
848 apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *m)
849 {
850 #define MULT 10U
851 	size_t ts, v;
852 	ssize_t val = 2 * MULT;	/* baseline strength */
853 
854 	switch (m->type) {
855 	case FILE_DEFAULT:	/* make sure this sorts last */
856 		if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE)
857 			abort();
858 		return 0;
859 
860 	case FILE_BYTE:
861 	case FILE_SHORT:
862 	case FILE_LESHORT:
863 	case FILE_BESHORT:
864 	case FILE_LONG:
865 	case FILE_LELONG:
866 	case FILE_BELONG:
867 	case FILE_MELONG:
868 	case FILE_DATE:
869 	case FILE_LEDATE:
870 	case FILE_BEDATE:
871 	case FILE_MEDATE:
872 	case FILE_LDATE:
873 	case FILE_LELDATE:
874 	case FILE_BELDATE:
875 	case FILE_MELDATE:
876 	case FILE_FLOAT:
877 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
878 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
879 	case FILE_QUAD:
880 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
881 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
882 	case FILE_QDATE:
883 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
884 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
885 	case FILE_QLDATE:
886 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
887 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
888 	case FILE_QWDATE:
889 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
890 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
891 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
892 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
893 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
894 		ts = typesize(m->type);
895 		if (ts == CAST(size_t, ~0))
896 			abort();
897 		val += ts * MULT;
898 		break;
899 
900 	case FILE_PSTRING:
901 	case FILE_STRING:
902 		val += m->vallen * MULT;
903 		break;
904 
905 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
906 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
907 		val += m->vallen * MULT / 2;
908 		break;
909 
910 	case FILE_SEARCH:
911 		if (m->vallen == 0)
912 			break;
913 		val += m->vallen * MAX(MULT / m->vallen, 1);
914 		break;
915 
916 	case FILE_REGEX:
917 		v = nonmagic(m->value.s);
918 		val += v * MAX(MULT / v, 1);
919 		break;
920 
921 	case FILE_INDIRECT:
922 	case FILE_NAME:
923 	case FILE_USE:
924 		break;
925 
926 	case FILE_DER:
927 		val += MULT;
928 		break;
929 
930 	default:
931 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad type %d\n", m->type);
932 		abort();
933 	}
934 
935 	switch (m->reln) {
936 	case 'x':	/* matches anything penalize */
937 	case '!':       /* matches almost anything penalize */
938 		val = 0;
939 		break;
940 
941 	case '=':	/* Exact match, prefer */
942 		val += MULT;
943 		break;
944 
945 	case '>':
946 	case '<':	/* comparison match reduce strength */
947 		val -= 2 * MULT;
948 		break;
949 
950 	case '^':
951 	case '&':	/* masking bits, we could count them too */
952 		val -= MULT;
953 		break;
954 
955 	default:
956 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad relation %c\n", m->reln);
957 		abort();
958 	}
959 
960 	switch (m->factor_op) {
961 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
962 		break;
963 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
964 		val += m->factor;
965 		break;
966 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
967 		val -= m->factor;
968 		break;
969 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
970 		val *= m->factor;
971 		break;
972 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
973 		val /= m->factor;
974 		break;
975 	default:
976 		abort();
977 	}
978 
979 	if (val <= 0)	/* ensure we only return 0 for FILE_DEFAULT */
980 		val = 1;
981 
982 	/*
983 	 * Magic entries with no description get a bonus because they depend
984 	 * on subsequent magic entries to print something.
985 	 */
986 	if (m->desc[0] == '\0')
987 		val++;
988 	return val;
989 }
990 
991 /*
992  * Sort callback for sorting entries by "strength" (basically length)
993  */
994 private int
995 apprentice_sort(const void *a, const void *b)
996 {
997 	const struct magic_entry *ma = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, a);
998 	const struct magic_entry *mb = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, b);
999 	size_t sa = apprentice_magic_strength(ma->mp);
1000 	size_t sb = apprentice_magic_strength(mb->mp);
1001 	if (sa == sb)
1002 		return 0;
1003 	else if (sa > sb)
1004 		return -1;
1005 	else
1006 		return 1;
1007 }
1008 
1009 /*
1010  * Shows sorted patterns list in the order which is used for the matching
1011  */
1012 private void
1013 apprentice_list(struct mlist *mlist, int mode)
1014 {
1015 	uint32_t magindex = 0;
1016 	struct mlist *ml;
1017 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = ml->next) {
1018 		for (magindex = 0; magindex < ml->nmagic; magindex++) {
1019 			struct magic *m = &ml->magic[magindex];
1020 			if ((m->flag & mode) != mode) {
1021 				/* Skip sub-tests */
1022 				while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
1023 				       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0)
1024 					++magindex;
1025 				continue; /* Skip to next top-level test*/
1026 			}
1027 
1028 			/*
1029 			 * Try to iterate over the tree until we find item with
1030 			 * description/mimetype.
1031 			 */
1032 			while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
1033 			       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0 &&
1034 			       *ml->magic[magindex].desc == '\0' &&
1035 			       *ml->magic[magindex].mimetype == '\0')
1036 				magindex++;
1037 
1038 			printf("Strength = %3" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u@%u: %s [%s]\n",
1039 			    apprentice_magic_strength(m),
1040 			    ml->magic[magindex].lineno,
1041 			    ml->magic[magindex].desc,
1042 			    ml->magic[magindex].mimetype);
1043 		}
1044 	}
1045 }
1046 
1047 private void
1048 set_test_type(struct magic *mstart, struct magic *m)
1049 {
1050 	switch (m->type) {
1051 	case FILE_BYTE:
1052 	case FILE_SHORT:
1053 	case FILE_LONG:
1054 	case FILE_DATE:
1055 	case FILE_BESHORT:
1056 	case FILE_BELONG:
1057 	case FILE_BEDATE:
1058 	case FILE_LESHORT:
1059 	case FILE_LELONG:
1060 	case FILE_LEDATE:
1061 	case FILE_LDATE:
1062 	case FILE_BELDATE:
1063 	case FILE_LELDATE:
1064 	case FILE_MEDATE:
1065 	case FILE_MELDATE:
1066 	case FILE_MELONG:
1067 	case FILE_QUAD:
1068 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
1069 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
1070 	case FILE_QDATE:
1071 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
1072 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
1073 	case FILE_QLDATE:
1074 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
1075 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
1076 	case FILE_QWDATE:
1077 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
1078 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
1079 	case FILE_FLOAT:
1080 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
1081 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
1082 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
1083 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
1084 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
1085 	case FILE_DER:
1086 		mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1087 		break;
1088 	case FILE_STRING:
1089 	case FILE_PSTRING:
1090 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
1091 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
1092 		/* Allow text overrides */
1093 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
1094 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1095 		else
1096 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1097 		break;
1098 	case FILE_REGEX:
1099 	case FILE_SEARCH:
1100 		/* Check for override */
1101 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_BINTEST)
1102 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1103 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
1104 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1105 
1106 		if (mstart->flag & (TEXTTEST|BINTEST))
1107 			break;
1108 
1109 		/* binary test if pattern is not text */
1110 		if (file_looks_utf8(m->value.us, CAST(size_t, m->vallen), NULL,
1111 		    NULL) <= 0)
1112 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1113 		else
1114 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1115 		break;
1116 	case FILE_DEFAULT:
1117 		/* can't deduce anything; we shouldn't see this at the
1118 		   top level anyway */
1119 		break;
1120 	case FILE_INVALID:
1121 	default:
1122 		/* invalid search type, but no need to complain here */
1123 		break;
1124 	}
1125 }
1126 
1127 private int
1128 addentry(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me,
1129    struct magic_entry_set *mset)
1130 {
1131 	size_t i = me->mp->type == FILE_NAME ? 1 : 0;
1132 	if (mset[i].count == mset[i].max) {
1133 		struct magic_entry *mp;
1134 
1135 		mset[i].max += ALLOC_INCR;
1136 		if ((mp = CAST(struct magic_entry *,
1137 		    realloc(mset[i].me, sizeof(*mp) * mset[i].max))) ==
1138 		    NULL) {
1139 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*mp) * mset[i].max);
1140 			return -1;
1141 		}
1142 		(void)memset(&mp[mset[i].count], 0, sizeof(*mp) *
1143 		    ALLOC_INCR);
1144 		mset[i].me = mp;
1145 	}
1146 	mset[i].me[mset[i].count++] = *me;
1147 	memset(me, 0, sizeof(*me));
1148 	return 0;
1149 }
1150 
1151 /*
1152  * Load and parse one file.
1153  */
1154 private void
1155 load_1(struct magic_set *ms, int action, const char *fn, int *errs,
1156    struct magic_entry_set *mset)
1157 {
1158 	size_t lineno = 0, llen = 0;
1159 	char *line = NULL;
1160 	ssize_t len;
1161 	struct magic_entry me;
1162 
1163 	FILE *f = fopen(ms->file = fn, "r");
1164 	if (f == NULL) {
1165 		if (errno != ENOENT)
1166 			file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read magic file `%s'",
1167 				   fn);
1168 		(*errs)++;
1169 		return;
1170 	}
1171 
1172 	memset(&me, 0, sizeof(me));
1173 	/* read and parse this file */
1174 	for (ms->line = 1; (len = getline(&line, &llen, f)) != -1;
1175 	    ms->line++) {
1176 		if (len == 0) /* null line, garbage, etc */
1177 			continue;
1178 		if (line[len - 1] == '\n') {
1179 			lineno++;
1180 			line[len - 1] = '\0'; /* delete newline */
1181 		}
1182 		switch (line[0]) {
1183 		case '\0':	/* empty, do not parse */
1184 		case '#':	/* comment, do not parse */
1185 			continue;
1186 		case '!':
1187 			if (line[1] == ':') {
1188 				size_t i;
1189 
1190 				for (i = 0; bang[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1191 					if (CAST(size_t, len - 2) > bang[i].len &&
1192 					    memcmp(bang[i].name, line + 2,
1193 					    bang[i].len) == 0)
1194 						break;
1195 				}
1196 				if (bang[i].name == NULL) {
1197 					file_error(ms, 0,
1198 					    "Unknown !: entry `%s'", line);
1199 					(*errs)++;
1200 					continue;
1201 				}
1202 				if (me.mp == NULL) {
1203 					file_error(ms, 0,
1204 					    "No current entry for :!%s type",
1205 						bang[i].name);
1206 					(*errs)++;
1207 					continue;
1208 				}
1209 				if ((*bang[i].fun)(ms, &me,
1210 				    line + bang[i].len + 2) != 0) {
1211 					(*errs)++;
1212 					continue;
1213 				}
1214 				continue;
1215 			}
1216 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1217 		default:
1218 		again:
1219 			switch (parse(ms, &me, line, lineno, action)) {
1220 			case 0:
1221 				continue;
1222 			case 1:
1223 				(void)addentry(ms, &me, mset);
1224 				goto again;
1225 			default:
1226 				(*errs)++;
1227 				break;
1228 			}
1229 		}
1230 	}
1231 	if (me.mp)
1232 		(void)addentry(ms, &me, mset);
1233 	free(line);
1234 	(void)fclose(f);
1235 }
1236 
1237 /*
1238  * parse a file or directory of files
1239  * const char *fn: name of magic file or directory
1240  */
1241 private int
1242 cmpstrp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1243 {
1244         return strcmp(*RCAST(char *const *, p1), *RCAST(char *const *, p2));
1245 }
1246 
1247 
1248 private uint32_t
1249 set_text_binary(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme,
1250     uint32_t starttest)
1251 {
1252 	static const char text[] = "text";
1253 	static const char binary[] = "binary";
1254 	static const size_t len = sizeof(text);
1255 
1256 	uint32_t i = starttest;
1257 
1258 	do {
1259 		set_test_type(me[starttest].mp, me[i].mp);
1260 		if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) == 0)
1261 			continue;
1262 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s%s: %s\n",
1263 		    me[i].mp->mimetype,
1264 		    me[i].mp->mimetype[0] == '\0' ? "" : "; ",
1265 		    me[i].mp->desc[0] ? me[i].mp->desc : "(no description)",
1266 		    me[i].mp->flag & BINTEST ? binary : text);
1267 		if (me[i].mp->flag & BINTEST) {
1268 			char *p = strstr(me[i].mp->desc, text);
1269 			if (p && (p == me[i].mp->desc ||
1270 			    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, p[-1]))) &&
1271 			    (p + len - me[i].mp->desc == MAXstring
1272 			    || (p[len] == '\0' ||
1273 			    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, p[len])))))
1274 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "*** Possible "
1275 				    "binary test for text type\n");
1276 		}
1277 	} while (++i < nme && me[i].mp->cont_level != 0);
1278 	return i;
1279 }
1280 
1281 private void
1282 set_last_default(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme)
1283 {
1284 	uint32_t i;
1285 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++) {
1286 		if (me[i].mp->cont_level == 0 &&
1287 		    me[i].mp->type == FILE_DEFAULT) {
1288 			while (++i < nme)
1289 				if (me[i].mp->cont_level == 0)
1290 					break;
1291 			if (i != nme) {
1292 				/* XXX - Ugh! */
1293 				ms->line = me[i].mp->lineno;
1294 				file_magwarn(ms,
1295 				    "level 0 \"default\" did not sort last");
1296 			}
1297 			return;
1298 		}
1299 	}
1300 }
1301 
1302 private int
1303 coalesce_entries(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme,
1304     struct magic **ma, uint32_t *nma)
1305 {
1306 	uint32_t i, mentrycount = 0;
1307 	size_t slen;
1308 
1309 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++)
1310 		mentrycount += me[i].cont_count;
1311 
1312 	slen = sizeof(**ma) * mentrycount;
1313 	if ((*ma = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(slen))) == NULL) {
1314 		file_oomem(ms, slen);
1315 		return -1;
1316 	}
1317 
1318 	mentrycount = 0;
1319 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++) {
1320 		(void)memcpy(*ma + mentrycount, me[i].mp,
1321 		    me[i].cont_count * sizeof(**ma));
1322 		mentrycount += me[i].cont_count;
1323 	}
1324 	*nma = mentrycount;
1325 	return 0;
1326 }
1327 
1328 private void
1329 magic_entry_free(struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme)
1330 {
1331 	uint32_t i;
1332 	if (me == NULL)
1333 		return;
1334 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++)
1335 		free(me[i].mp);
1336 	free(me);
1337 }
1338 
1339 private struct magic_map *
1340 apprentice_load(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
1341 {
1342 	int errs = 0;
1343 	uint32_t i, j;
1344 	size_t files = 0, maxfiles = 0;
1345 	char **filearr = NULL, *mfn;
1346 	struct stat st;
1347 	struct magic_map *map;
1348 	struct magic_entry_set mset[MAGIC_SETS];
1349 	DIR *dir;
1350 	struct dirent *d;
1351 
1352 	memset(mset, 0, sizeof(mset));
1353 	ms->flags |= MAGIC_CHECK;	/* Enable checks for parsed files */
1354 
1355 
1356 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL)
1357 	{
1358 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
1359 		return NULL;
1360 	}
1361 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MALLOC;
1362 
1363 	/* print silly verbose header for USG compat. */
1364 	if (action == FILE_CHECK)
1365 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", usg_hdr);
1366 
1367 	/* load directory or file */
1368 	if (stat(fn, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1369 		dir = opendir(fn);
1370 		if (!dir) {
1371 			errs++;
1372 			goto out;
1373 		}
1374 		while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
1375 			if (d->d_name[0] == '.')
1376 				continue;
1377 			if (asprintf(&mfn, "%s/%s", fn, d->d_name) < 0) {
1378 				file_oomem(ms,
1379 				    strlen(fn) + strlen(d->d_name) + 2);
1380 				errs++;
1381 				closedir(dir);
1382 				goto out;
1383 			}
1384 			if (stat(mfn, &st) == -1 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1385 				free(mfn);
1386 				continue;
1387 			}
1388 			if (files >= maxfiles) {
1389 				size_t mlen;
1390 				maxfiles = (maxfiles + 1) * 2;
1391 				mlen = maxfiles * sizeof(*filearr);
1392 				if ((filearr = CAST(char **,
1393 				    realloc(filearr, mlen))) == NULL) {
1394 					file_oomem(ms, mlen);
1395 					free(mfn);
1396 					closedir(dir);
1397 					errs++;
1398 					goto out;
1399 				}
1400 			}
1401 			filearr[files++] = mfn;
1402 		}
1403 		closedir(dir);
1404 		if (filearr) {
1405 			qsort(filearr, files, sizeof(*filearr), cmpstrp);
1406 			for (i = 0; i < files; i++) {
1407 				load_1(ms, action, filearr[i], &errs, mset);
1408 				free(filearr[i]);
1409 			}
1410 			free(filearr);
1411 		}
1412 	} else
1413 		load_1(ms, action, fn, &errs, mset);
1414 	if (errs)
1415 		goto out;
1416 
1417 	for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++) {
1418 		/* Set types of tests */
1419 		for (i = 0; i < mset[j].count; ) {
1420 			if (mset[j].me[i].mp->cont_level != 0) {
1421 				i++;
1422 				continue;
1423 			}
1424 			i = set_text_binary(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count, i);
1425 		}
1426 		if (mset[j].me)
1427 			qsort(mset[j].me, mset[j].count, sizeof(*mset[j].me),
1428 			    apprentice_sort);
1429 
1430 		/*
1431 		 * Make sure that any level 0 "default" line is last
1432 		 * (if one exists).
1433 		 */
1434 		set_last_default(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count);
1435 
1436 		/* coalesce per file arrays into a single one */
1437 		if (coalesce_entries(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count,
1438 		    &map->magic[j], &map->nmagic[j]) == -1) {
1439 			errs++;
1440 			goto out;
1441 		}
1442 	}
1443 
1444 out:
1445 	for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++)
1446 		magic_entry_free(mset[j].me, mset[j].count);
1447 
1448 	if (errs) {
1449 		apprentice_unmap(map);
1450 		return NULL;
1451 	}
1452 	return map;
1453 }
1454 
1455 /*
1456  * extend the sign bit if the comparison is to be signed
1457  */
1458 protected uint64_t
1459 file_signextend(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, uint64_t v)
1460 {
1461 	if (!(m->flag & UNSIGNED)) {
1462 		switch(m->type) {
1463 		/*
1464 		 * Do not remove the casts below.  They are
1465 		 * vital.  When later compared with the data,
1466 		 * the sign extension must have happened.
1467 		 */
1468 		case FILE_BYTE:
1469 			v = CAST(signed char,  v);
1470 			break;
1471 		case FILE_SHORT:
1472 		case FILE_BESHORT:
1473 		case FILE_LESHORT:
1474 			v = CAST(short, v);
1475 			break;
1476 		case FILE_DATE:
1477 		case FILE_BEDATE:
1478 		case FILE_LEDATE:
1479 		case FILE_MEDATE:
1480 		case FILE_LDATE:
1481 		case FILE_BELDATE:
1482 		case FILE_LELDATE:
1483 		case FILE_MELDATE:
1484 		case FILE_LONG:
1485 		case FILE_BELONG:
1486 		case FILE_LELONG:
1487 		case FILE_MELONG:
1488 		case FILE_FLOAT:
1489 		case FILE_BEFLOAT:
1490 		case FILE_LEFLOAT:
1491 			v = CAST(int32_t, v);
1492 			break;
1493 		case FILE_QUAD:
1494 		case FILE_BEQUAD:
1495 		case FILE_LEQUAD:
1496 		case FILE_QDATE:
1497 		case FILE_QLDATE:
1498 		case FILE_QWDATE:
1499 		case FILE_BEQDATE:
1500 		case FILE_BEQLDATE:
1501 		case FILE_BEQWDATE:
1502 		case FILE_LEQDATE:
1503 		case FILE_LEQLDATE:
1504 		case FILE_LEQWDATE:
1505 		case FILE_DOUBLE:
1506 		case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
1507 		case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
1508 			v = CAST(int64_t, v);
1509 			break;
1510 		case FILE_STRING:
1511 		case FILE_PSTRING:
1512 		case FILE_BESTRING16:
1513 		case FILE_LESTRING16:
1514 		case FILE_REGEX:
1515 		case FILE_SEARCH:
1516 		case FILE_DEFAULT:
1517 		case FILE_INDIRECT:
1518 		case FILE_NAME:
1519 		case FILE_USE:
1520 		case FILE_CLEAR:
1521 		case FILE_DER:
1522 			break;
1523 		default:
1524 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1525 			    file_magwarn(ms, "cannot happen: m->type=%d\n",
1526 				    m->type);
1527 			return ~0U;
1528 		}
1529 	}
1530 	return v;
1531 }
1532 
1533 private int
1534 string_modifier_check(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
1535 {
1536 	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) == 0)
1537 		return 0;
1538 
1539 	if ((m->type != FILE_REGEX || (m->str_flags & REGEX_LINE_COUNT) == 0) &&
1540 	    (m->type != FILE_PSTRING && (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) != 0)) {
1541 		file_magwarn(ms,
1542 		    "'/BHhLl' modifiers are only allowed for pascal strings\n");
1543 		return -1;
1544 	}
1545 	switch (m->type) {
1546 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
1547 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
1548 		if (m->str_flags != 0) {
1549 			file_magwarn(ms,
1550 			    "no modifiers allowed for 16-bit strings\n");
1551 			return -1;
1552 		}
1553 		break;
1554 	case FILE_STRING:
1555 	case FILE_PSTRING:
1556 		if ((m->str_flags & REGEX_OFFSET_START) != 0) {
1557 			file_magwarn(ms,
1558 			    "'/%c' only allowed on regex and search\n",
1559 			    CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START);
1560 			return -1;
1561 		}
1562 		break;
1563 	case FILE_SEARCH:
1564 		if (m->str_range == 0) {
1565 			file_magwarn(ms,
1566 			    "missing range; defaulting to %d\n",
1567                             STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE);
1568 			m->str_range = STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE;
1569 			return -1;
1570 		}
1571 		break;
1572 	case FILE_REGEX:
1573 		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
1574 			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
1575 			    CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE);
1576 			return -1;
1577 		}
1578 		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
1579 			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
1580 			    CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE);
1581 			return -1;
1582 		}
1583 		break;
1584 	default:
1585 		file_magwarn(ms, "coding error: m->type=%d\n",
1586 		    m->type);
1587 		return -1;
1588 	}
1589 	return 0;
1590 }
1591 
1592 private int
1593 get_op(char c)
1594 {
1595 	switch (c) {
1596 	case '&':
1597 		return FILE_OPAND;
1598 	case '|':
1599 		return FILE_OPOR;
1600 	case '^':
1601 		return FILE_OPXOR;
1602 	case '+':
1603 		return FILE_OPADD;
1604 	case '-':
1605 		return FILE_OPMINUS;
1606 	case '*':
1607 		return FILE_OPMULTIPLY;
1608 	case '/':
1609 		return FILE_OPDIVIDE;
1610 	case '%':
1611 		return FILE_OPMODULO;
1612 	default:
1613 		return -1;
1614 	}
1615 }
1616 
1617 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1618 private int
1619 get_cond(const char *l, const char **t)
1620 {
1621 	static const struct cond_tbl_s {
1622 		char name[8];
1623 		size_t len;
1624 		int cond;
1625 	} cond_tbl[] = {
1626 		{ "if",		2,	COND_IF },
1627 		{ "elif",	4,	COND_ELIF },
1628 		{ "else",	4,	COND_ELSE },
1629 		{ "",		0,	COND_NONE },
1630 	};
1631 	const struct cond_tbl_s *p;
1632 
1633 	for (p = cond_tbl; p->len; p++) {
1634 		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0 &&
1635 		    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, l[p->len]))) {
1636 			if (t)
1637 				*t = l + p->len;
1638 			break;
1639 		}
1640 	}
1641 	return p->cond;
1642 }
1643 
1644 private int
1645 check_cond(struct magic_set *ms, int cond, uint32_t cont_level)
1646 {
1647 	int last_cond;
1648 	last_cond = ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond;
1649 
1650 	switch (cond) {
1651 	case COND_IF:
1652 		if (last_cond != COND_NONE && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1653 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1654 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `if'");
1655 			return -1;
1656 		}
1657 		last_cond = COND_IF;
1658 		break;
1659 
1660 	case COND_ELIF:
1661 		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1662 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1663 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `elif'");
1664 			return -1;
1665 		}
1666 		last_cond = COND_ELIF;
1667 		break;
1668 
1669 	case COND_ELSE:
1670 		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1671 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1672 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `else'");
1673 			return -1;
1674 		}
1675 		last_cond = COND_NONE;
1676 		break;
1677 
1678 	case COND_NONE:
1679 		last_cond = COND_NONE;
1680 		break;
1681 	}
1682 
1683 	ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond = last_cond;
1684 	return 0;
1685 }
1686 #endif /* ENABLE_CONDITIONALS */
1687 
1688 private int
1689 parse_indirect_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp)
1690 {
1691 	const char *l = *lp;
1692 
1693 	while (!isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *++l)))
1694 		switch (*l) {
1695 		case CHAR_INDIRECT_RELATIVE:
1696 			m->str_flags |= INDIRECT_RELATIVE;
1697 			break;
1698 		default:
1699 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1700 				file_magwarn(ms, "indirect modifier `%c' "
1701 					"invalid", *l);
1702 			*lp = l;
1703 			return -1;
1704 		}
1705 	*lp = l;
1706 	return 0;
1707 }
1708 
1709 private void
1710 parse_op_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp,
1711     int op)
1712 {
1713 	const char *l = *lp;
1714 	char *t;
1715 	uint64_t val;
1716 
1717 	++l;
1718 	m->mask_op |= op;
1719 	val = CAST(uint64_t, strtoull(l, &t, 0));
1720 	l = t;
1721 	m->num_mask = file_signextend(ms, m, val);
1722 	eatsize(&l);
1723 	*lp = l;
1724 }
1725 
1726 private int
1727 parse_string_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp)
1728 {
1729 	const char *l = *lp;
1730 	char *t;
1731 	int have_range = 0;
1732 
1733 	while (!isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *++l))) {
1734 		switch (*l) {
1735 		case '0':  case '1':  case '2':
1736 		case '3':  case '4':  case '5':
1737 		case '6':  case '7':  case '8':
1738 		case '9':
1739 			if (have_range && (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK))
1740 				file_magwarn(ms, "multiple ranges");
1741 			have_range = 1;
1742 			m->str_range = CAST(uint32_t, strtoul(l, &t, 0));
1743 			if (m->str_range == 0)
1744 				file_magwarn(ms, "zero range");
1745 			l = t - 1;
1746 			break;
1747 		case CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE:
1748 			m->str_flags |= STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE;
1749 			break;
1750 		case CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE:
1751 			m->str_flags |= STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE;
1752 			break;
1753 		case CHAR_IGNORE_LOWERCASE:
1754 			m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_LOWERCASE;
1755 			break;
1756 		case CHAR_IGNORE_UPPERCASE:
1757 			m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_UPPERCASE;
1758 			break;
1759 		case CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START:
1760 			m->str_flags |= REGEX_OFFSET_START;
1761 			break;
1762 		case CHAR_BINTEST:
1763 			m->str_flags |= STRING_BINTEST;
1764 			break;
1765 		case CHAR_TEXTTEST:
1766 			m->str_flags |= STRING_TEXTTEST;
1767 			break;
1768 		case CHAR_TRIM:
1769 			m->str_flags |= STRING_TRIM;
1770 			break;
1771 		case CHAR_PSTRING_1_LE:
1772 #define SET_LENGTH(a) m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | (a)
1773 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1774 				goto bad;
1775 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_1_LE);
1776 			break;
1777 		case CHAR_PSTRING_2_BE:
1778 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1779 				goto bad;
1780 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_2_BE);
1781 			break;
1782 		case CHAR_PSTRING_2_LE:
1783 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1784 				goto bad;
1785 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_2_LE);
1786 			break;
1787 		case CHAR_PSTRING_4_BE:
1788 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1789 				goto bad;
1790 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_4_BE);
1791 			break;
1792 		case CHAR_PSTRING_4_LE:
1793 			switch (m->type) {
1794 			case FILE_PSTRING:
1795 			case FILE_REGEX:
1796 				break;
1797 			default:
1798 				goto bad;
1799 			}
1800 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_4_LE);
1801 			break;
1802 		case CHAR_PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF:
1803 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1804 				goto bad;
1805 			m->str_flags |= PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF;
1806 			break;
1807 		default:
1808 		bad:
1809 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1810 				file_magwarn(ms, "string modifier `%c' "
1811 					"invalid", *l);
1812 			goto out;
1813 		}
1814 		/* allow multiple '/' for readability */
1815 		if (l[1] == '/' && !isspace(CAST(unsigned char, l[2])))
1816 			l++;
1817 	}
1818 	if (string_modifier_check(ms, m) == -1)
1819 		goto out;
1820 	*lp = l;
1821 	return 0;
1822 out:
1823 	*lp = l;
1824 	return -1;
1825 }
1826 
1827 /*
1828  * parse one line from magic file, put into magic[index++] if valid
1829  */
1830 private int
1831 parse(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line,
1832     size_t lineno, int action)
1833 {
1834 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1835 	static uint32_t last_cont_level = 0;
1836 #endif
1837 	size_t i;
1838 	struct magic *m;
1839 	const char *l = line;
1840 	char *t;
1841 	int op;
1842 	uint32_t cont_level;
1843 	int32_t diff;
1844 
1845 	cont_level = 0;
1846 
1847 	/*
1848 	 * Parse the offset.
1849 	 */
1850 	while (*l == '>') {
1851 		++l;		/* step over */
1852 		cont_level++;
1853 	}
1854 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1855 	if (cont_level == 0 || cont_level > last_cont_level)
1856 		if (file_check_mem(ms, cont_level) == -1)
1857 			return -1;
1858 	last_cont_level = cont_level;
1859 #endif
1860 	if (cont_level != 0) {
1861 		if (me->mp == NULL) {
1862 			file_magerror(ms, "No current entry for continuation");
1863 			return -1;
1864 		}
1865 		if (me->cont_count == 0) {
1866 			file_magerror(ms, "Continuations present with 0 count");
1867 			return -1;
1868 		}
1869 		m = &me->mp[me->cont_count - 1];
1870 		diff = CAST(int32_t, cont_level) - CAST(int32_t, m->cont_level);
1871 		if (diff > 1)
1872 			file_magwarn(ms, "New continuation level %u is more "
1873 			    "than one larger than current level %u", cont_level,
1874 			    m->cont_level);
1875 		if (me->cont_count == me->max_count) {
1876 			struct magic *nm;
1877 			size_t cnt = me->max_count + ALLOC_CHUNK;
1878 			if ((nm = CAST(struct magic *, realloc(me->mp,
1879 			    sizeof(*nm) * cnt))) == NULL) {
1880 				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*nm) * cnt);
1881 				return -1;
1882 			}
1883 			me->mp = nm;
1884 			me->max_count = CAST(uint32_t, cnt);
1885 		}
1886 		m = &me->mp[me->cont_count++];
1887 		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
1888 		m->cont_level = cont_level;
1889 	} else {
1890 		static const size_t len = sizeof(*m) * ALLOC_CHUNK;
1891 		if (me->mp != NULL)
1892 			return 1;
1893 		if ((m = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(len))) == NULL) {
1894 			file_oomem(ms, len);
1895 			return -1;
1896 		}
1897 		me->mp = m;
1898 		me->max_count = ALLOC_CHUNK;
1899 		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
1900 		m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
1901 		m->cont_level = 0;
1902 		me->cont_count = 1;
1903 	}
1904 	m->lineno = CAST(uint32_t, lineno);
1905 
1906 	if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below. */
1907                 ++l;            /* step over */
1908                 m->flag |= OFFADD;
1909         }
1910 	if (*l == '(') {
1911 		++l;		/* step over */
1912 		m->flag |= INDIR;
1913 		if (m->flag & OFFADD)
1914 			m->flag = (m->flag & ~OFFADD) | INDIROFFADD;
1915 
1916 		if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below */
1917 			++l;            /* step over */
1918 			m->flag |= OFFADD;
1919 		}
1920 	}
1921 	/* Indirect offsets are not valid at level 0. */
1922 	if (m->cont_level == 0 && (m->flag & (OFFADD | INDIROFFADD))) {
1923 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1924 			file_magwarn(ms, "relative offset at level 0");
1925 		return -1;
1926 	}
1927 
1928 	/* get offset, then skip over it */
1929 	m->offset = CAST(int32_t, strtol(l, &t, 0));
1930         if (l == t) {
1931 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1932 			file_magwarn(ms, "offset `%s' invalid", l);
1933 		return -1;
1934 	}
1935 #if 0
1936         if (m->offset < 0 && cont_level != 0 &&
1937 	    (m->flag & (OFFADD | INDIROFFADD)) == 0) {
1938 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
1939 			file_magwarn(ms,
1940 			    "negative direct offset `%s' at level %u",
1941 			    l, cont_level);
1942 		}
1943 		return -1;
1944 	}
1945 #endif
1946         l = t;
1947 
1948 	if (m->flag & INDIR) {
1949 		m->in_type = FILE_LONG;
1950 		m->in_offset = 0;
1951 		m->in_op = 0;
1952 		/*
1953 		 * read [.,lbs][+-]nnnnn)
1954 		 */
1955 		if (*l == '.' || *l == ',') {
1956 			if (*l == ',')
1957 				m->in_op |= FILE_OPSIGNED;
1958 			l++;
1959 			switch (*l) {
1960 			case 'l':
1961 				m->in_type = FILE_LELONG;
1962 				break;
1963 			case 'L':
1964 				m->in_type = FILE_BELONG;
1965 				break;
1966 			case 'm':
1967 				m->in_type = FILE_MELONG;
1968 				break;
1969 			case 'h':
1970 			case 's':
1971 				m->in_type = FILE_LESHORT;
1972 				break;
1973 			case 'H':
1974 			case 'S':
1975 				m->in_type = FILE_BESHORT;
1976 				break;
1977 			case 'c':
1978 			case 'b':
1979 			case 'C':
1980 			case 'B':
1981 				m->in_type = FILE_BYTE;
1982 				break;
1983 			case 'e':
1984 			case 'f':
1985 			case 'g':
1986 				m->in_type = FILE_LEDOUBLE;
1987 				break;
1988 			case 'E':
1989 			case 'F':
1990 			case 'G':
1991 				m->in_type = FILE_BEDOUBLE;
1992 				break;
1993 			case 'i':
1994 				m->in_type = FILE_LEID3;
1995 				break;
1996 			case 'I':
1997 				m->in_type = FILE_BEID3;
1998 				break;
1999 			case 'q':
2000 				m->in_type = FILE_LEQUAD;
2001 				break;
2002 			case 'Q':
2003 				m->in_type = FILE_BEQUAD;
2004 				break;
2005 			default:
2006 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2007 					file_magwarn(ms,
2008 					    "indirect offset type `%c' invalid",
2009 					    *l);
2010 				return -1;
2011 			}
2012 			l++;
2013 		}
2014 
2015 		if (*l == '~') {
2016 			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
2017 			l++;
2018 		}
2019 		if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
2020 			m->in_op |= op;
2021 			l++;
2022 		}
2023 		if (*l == '(') {
2024 			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINDIRECT;
2025 			l++;
2026 		}
2027 		if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, *l)) || *l == '-') {
2028 			m->in_offset = CAST(int32_t, strtol(l, &t, 0));
2029 			if (l == t) {
2030 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2031 					file_magwarn(ms,
2032 					    "in_offset `%s' invalid", l);
2033 				return -1;
2034 			}
2035 			l = t;
2036 		}
2037 		if (*l++ != ')' ||
2038 		    ((m->in_op & FILE_OPINDIRECT) && *l++ != ')')) {
2039 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2040 				file_magwarn(ms,
2041 				    "missing ')' in indirect offset");
2042 			return -1;
2043 		}
2044 	}
2045 	EATAB;
2046 
2047 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
2048 	m->cond = get_cond(l, &l);
2049 	if (check_cond(ms, m->cond, cont_level) == -1)
2050 		return -1;
2051 
2052 	EATAB;
2053 #endif
2054 
2055 	/*
2056 	 * Parse the type.
2057 	 */
2058 	if (*l == 'u') {
2059 		/*
2060 		 * Try it as a keyword type prefixed by "u"; match what
2061 		 * follows the "u".  If that fails, try it as an SUS
2062 		 * integer type.
2063 		 */
2064 		m->type = get_type(type_tbl, l + 1, &l);
2065 		if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2066 			/*
2067 			 * Not a keyword type; parse it as an SUS type,
2068 			 * 'u' possibly followed by a number or C/S/L.
2069 			 */
2070 			m->type = get_standard_integer_type(l, &l);
2071 		}
2072 		/* It's unsigned. */
2073 		if (m->type != FILE_INVALID)
2074 			m->flag |= UNSIGNED;
2075 	} else {
2076 		/*
2077 		 * Try it as a keyword type.  If that fails, try it as
2078 		 * an SUS integer type if it begins with "d" or as an
2079 		 * SUS string type if it begins with "s".  In any case,
2080 		 * it's not unsigned.
2081 		 */
2082 		m->type = get_type(type_tbl, l, &l);
2083 		if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2084 			/*
2085 			 * Not a keyword type; parse it as an SUS type,
2086 			 * either 'd' possibly followed by a number or
2087 			 * C/S/L, or just 's'.
2088 			 */
2089 			if (*l == 'd')
2090 				m->type = get_standard_integer_type(l, &l);
2091 			else if (*l == 's'
2092 			    && !isalpha(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) {
2093 				m->type = FILE_STRING;
2094 				++l;
2095 			}
2096 		}
2097 	}
2098 
2099 	if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2100 		/* Not found - try it as a special keyword. */
2101 		m->type = get_type(special_tbl, l, &l);
2102 	}
2103 
2104 	if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2105 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2106 			file_magwarn(ms, "type `%s' invalid", l);
2107 		return -1;
2108 	}
2109 
2110 	/* New-style anding: "0 byte&0x80 =0x80 dynamically linked" */
2111 	/* New and improved: ~ & | ^ + - * / % -- exciting, isn't it? */
2112 
2113 	m->mask_op = 0;
2114 	if (*l == '~') {
2115 		if (!IS_STRING(m->type))
2116 			m->mask_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
2117 		else if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2118 			file_magwarn(ms, "'~' invalid for string types");
2119 		++l;
2120 	}
2121 	m->str_range = 0;
2122 	m->str_flags = m->type == FILE_PSTRING ? PSTRING_1_LE : 0;
2123 	if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
2124 		if (IS_STRING(m->type)) {
2125 			int r;
2126 
2127 			if (op != FILE_OPDIVIDE) {
2128 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2129 					file_magwarn(ms,
2130 					    "invalid string/indirect op: "
2131 					    "`%c'", *t);
2132 				return -1;
2133 			}
2134 
2135 			if (m->type == FILE_INDIRECT)
2136 				r = parse_indirect_modifier(ms, m, &l);
2137 			else
2138 				r = parse_string_modifier(ms, m, &l);
2139 			if (r == -1)
2140 				return -1;
2141 		} else
2142 			parse_op_modifier(ms, m, &l, op);
2143 	}
2144 
2145 	/*
2146 	 * We used to set mask to all 1's here, instead let's just not do
2147 	 * anything if mask = 0 (unless you have a better idea)
2148 	 */
2149 	EATAB;
2150 
2151 	switch (*l) {
2152 	case '>':
2153 	case '<':
2154   		m->reln = *l;
2155   		++l;
2156 		if (*l == '=') {
2157 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
2158 				file_magwarn(ms, "%c= not supported",
2159 				    m->reln);
2160 				return -1;
2161 			}
2162 		   ++l;
2163 		}
2164 		break;
2165 	/* Old-style anding: "0 byte &0x80 dynamically linked" */
2166 	case '&':
2167 	case '^':
2168 	case '=':
2169   		m->reln = *l;
2170   		++l;
2171 		if (*l == '=') {
2172 		   /* HP compat: ignore &= etc. */
2173 		   ++l;
2174 		}
2175 		break;
2176 	case '!':
2177 		m->reln = *l;
2178 		++l;
2179 		break;
2180 	default:
2181   		m->reln = '=';	/* the default relation */
2182 		if (*l == 'x' && ((isascii(CAST(unsigned char, l[1])) &&
2183 		    isspace(CAST(unsigned char, l[1]))) || !l[1])) {
2184 			m->reln = *l;
2185 			++l;
2186 		}
2187 		break;
2188 	}
2189 	/*
2190 	 * Grab the value part, except for an 'x' reln.
2191 	 */
2192 	if (m->reln != 'x' && getvalue(ms, m, &l, action))
2193 		return -1;
2194 
2195 	/*
2196 	 * TODO finish this macro and start using it!
2197 	 * #define offsetcheck {if (offset > ms->bytes_max -1)
2198 	 *	magwarn("offset too big"); }
2199 	 */
2200 
2201 	/*
2202 	 * Now get last part - the description
2203 	 */
2204 	EATAB;
2205 	if (l[0] == '\b') {
2206 		++l;
2207 		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
2208 	} else if ((l[0] == '\\') && (l[1] == 'b')) {
2209 		++l;
2210 		++l;
2211 		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
2212 	}
2213 	for (i = 0; (m->desc[i++] = *l++) != '\0' && i < sizeof(m->desc); )
2214 		continue;
2215 	if (i == sizeof(m->desc)) {
2216 		m->desc[sizeof(m->desc) - 1] = '\0';
2217 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2218 			file_magwarn(ms, "description `%s' truncated", m->desc);
2219 	}
2220 
2221         /*
2222 	 * We only do this check while compiling, or if any of the magic
2223 	 * files were not compiled.
2224          */
2225         if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
2226 		if (check_format(ms, m) == -1)
2227 			return -1;
2228 	}
2229 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
2230 	if (action == FILE_CHECK) {
2231 		file_mdump(m);
2232 	}
2233 #endif
2234 	m->mimetype[0] = '\0';		/* initialise MIME type to none */
2235 	return 0;
2236 }
2237 
2238 /*
2239  * parse a STRENGTH annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
2240  * if valid
2241  */
2242 private int
2243 parse_strength(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2244 {
2245 	const char *l = line;
2246 	char *el;
2247 	unsigned long factor;
2248 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2249 
2250 	if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE) {
2251 		file_magwarn(ms,
2252 		    "Current entry already has a strength type: %c %d",
2253 		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
2254 		return -1;
2255 	}
2256 	if (m->type == FILE_NAME) {
2257 		file_magwarn(ms, "%s: Strength setting is not supported in "
2258 		    "\"name\" magic entries", m->value.s);
2259 		return -1;
2260 	}
2261 	EATAB;
2262 	switch (*l) {
2263 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
2264 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
2265 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
2266 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
2267 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
2268 		m->factor_op = *l++;
2269 		break;
2270 	default:
2271 		file_magwarn(ms, "Unknown factor op `%c'", *l);
2272 		return -1;
2273 	}
2274 	EATAB;
2275 	factor = strtoul(l, &el, 0);
2276 	if (factor > 255) {
2277 		file_magwarn(ms, "Too large factor `%lu'", factor);
2278 		goto out;
2279 	}
2280 	if (*el && !isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *el))) {
2281 		file_magwarn(ms, "Bad factor `%s'", l);
2282 		goto out;
2283 	}
2284 	m->factor = CAST(uint8_t, factor);
2285 	if (m->factor == 0 && m->factor_op == FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV) {
2286 		file_magwarn(ms, "Cannot have factor op `%c' and factor %u",
2287 		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
2288 		goto out;
2289 	}
2290 	return 0;
2291 out:
2292 	m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
2293 	m->factor = 0;
2294 	return -1;
2295 }
2296 
2297 private int
2298 goodchar(unsigned char x, const char *extra)
2299 {
2300 	return (isascii(x) && isalnum(x)) || strchr(extra, x);
2301 }
2302 
2303 private int
2304 parse_extra(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line,
2305     off_t off, size_t len, const char *name, const char *extra, int nt)
2306 {
2307 	size_t i;
2308 	const char *l = line;
2309 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[me->cont_count == 0 ? 0 : me->cont_count - 1];
2310 	char *buf = CAST(char *, CAST(void *, m)) + off;
2311 
2312 	if (buf[0] != '\0') {
2313 		len = nt ? strlen(buf) : len;
2314 		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry already has a %s type "
2315 		    "`%.*s', new type `%s'", name, CAST(int, len), buf, l);
2316 		return -1;
2317 	}
2318 
2319 	if (*m->desc == '\0') {
2320 		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry does not yet have a "
2321 		    "description for adding a %s type", name);
2322 		return -1;
2323 	}
2324 
2325 	EATAB;
2326 	for (i = 0; *l && i < len && goodchar(*l, extra); buf[i++] = *l++)
2327 		continue;
2328 
2329 	if (i == len && *l) {
2330 		if (nt)
2331 			buf[len - 1] = '\0';
2332 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2333 			file_magwarn(ms, "%s type `%s' truncated %"
2334 			    SIZE_T_FORMAT "u", name, line, i);
2335 	} else {
2336 		if (!isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *l)) && !goodchar(*l, extra))
2337 			file_magwarn(ms, "%s type `%s' has bad char '%c'",
2338 			    name, line, *l);
2339 		if (nt)
2340 			buf[i] = '\0';
2341 	}
2342 
2343 	if (i > 0)
2344 		return 0;
2345 
2346 	file_magerror(ms, "Bad magic entry '%s'", line);
2347 	return -1;
2348 }
2349 
2350 /*
2351  * Parse an Apple CREATOR/TYPE annotation from magic file and put it into
2352  * magic[index - 1]
2353  */
2354 private int
2355 parse_apple(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2356 {
2357 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2358 
2359 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2360 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, apple)),
2361 	    sizeof(m->apple), "APPLE", "!+-./?", 0);
2362 }
2363 
2364 /*
2365  * Parse a comma-separated list of extensions
2366  */
2367 private int
2368 parse_ext(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2369 {
2370 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2371 
2372 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2373 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, ext)),
2374 	    sizeof(m->ext), "EXTENSION", ",!+-/@?_$", 0);
2375 }
2376 
2377 /*
2378  * parse a MIME annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
2379  * if valid
2380  */
2381 private int
2382 parse_mime(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2383 {
2384 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2385 
2386 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2387 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, mimetype)),
2388 	    sizeof(m->mimetype), "MIME", "+-/.$?:{}", 1);
2389 }
2390 
2391 private int
2392 check_format_type(const char *ptr, int type, const char **estr)
2393 {
2394 	int quad = 0, h;
2395 	size_t len, cnt;
2396 	if (*ptr == '\0') {
2397 		/* Missing format string; bad */
2398 		*estr = "missing format spec";
2399 		return -1;
2400 	}
2401 
2402 	switch (file_formats[type]) {
2403 	case FILE_FMT_QUAD:
2404 		quad = 1;
2405 		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2406 	case FILE_FMT_NUM:
2407 		if (quad == 0) {
2408 			switch (type) {
2409 			case FILE_BYTE:
2410 				h = 2;
2411 				break;
2412 			case FILE_SHORT:
2413 			case FILE_BESHORT:
2414 			case FILE_LESHORT:
2415 				h = 1;
2416 				break;
2417 			case FILE_LONG:
2418 			case FILE_BELONG:
2419 			case FILE_LELONG:
2420 			case FILE_MELONG:
2421 			case FILE_LEID3:
2422 			case FILE_BEID3:
2423 			case FILE_INDIRECT:
2424 				h = 0;
2425 				break;
2426 			default:
2427 				abort();
2428 			}
2429 		} else
2430 			h = 0;
2431 		if (*ptr == '-')
2432 			ptr++;
2433 		if (*ptr == '.')
2434 			ptr++;
2435 		if (*ptr == '#')
2436 			ptr++;
2437 #define CHECKLEN() do { \
2438 	for (len = cnt = 0; isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, *ptr)); ptr++, cnt++) \
2439 		len = len * 10 + (*ptr - '0'); \
2440 	if (cnt > 5 || len > 1024) \
2441 		goto toolong; \
2442 } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
2443 
2444 		CHECKLEN();
2445 		if (*ptr == '.')
2446 			ptr++;
2447 		CHECKLEN();
2448 		if (quad) {
2449 			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
2450 				goto invalid;
2451 			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
2452 				goto invalid;
2453 		}
2454 
2455 		switch (*ptr++) {
2456 #ifdef STRICT_FORMAT 	/* "long" formats are int formats for us */
2457 		/* so don't accept the 'l' modifier */
2458 		case 'l':
2459 			switch (*ptr++) {
2460 			case 'i':
2461 			case 'd':
2462 			case 'u':
2463 			case 'o':
2464 			case 'x':
2465 			case 'X':
2466 				if (h == 0)
2467 					return 0;
2468 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2469 			default:
2470 				goto invalid;
2471 			}
2472 
2473 		/*
2474 		 * Don't accept h and hh modifiers. They make writing
2475 		 * magic entries more complicated, for very little benefit
2476 		 */
2477 		case 'h':
2478 			if (h-- <= 0)
2479 				goto invalid;
2480 			switch (*ptr++) {
2481 			case 'h':
2482 				if (h-- <= 0)
2483 					goto invalid;
2484 				switch (*ptr++) {
2485 				case 'i':
2486 				case 'd':
2487 				case 'u':
2488 				case 'o':
2489 				case 'x':
2490 				case 'X':
2491 					return 0;
2492 				default:
2493 					goto invalid;
2494 				}
2495 			case 'i':
2496 			case 'd':
2497 			case 'u':
2498 			case 'o':
2499 			case 'x':
2500 			case 'X':
2501 				if (h == 0)
2502 					return 0;
2503 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2504 			default:
2505 				goto invalid;
2506 			}
2507 #endif
2508 		case 'c':
2509 			if (h == 2)
2510 				return 0;
2511 			goto invalid;
2512 		case 'i':
2513 		case 'd':
2514 		case 'u':
2515 		case 'o':
2516 		case 'x':
2517 		case 'X':
2518 #ifdef STRICT_FORMAT
2519 			if (h == 0)
2520 				return 0;
2521 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2522 #else
2523 			return 0;
2524 #endif
2525 		default:
2526 			goto invalid;
2527 		}
2528 
2529 	case FILE_FMT_FLOAT:
2530 	case FILE_FMT_DOUBLE:
2531 		if (*ptr == '-')
2532 			ptr++;
2533 		if (*ptr == '.')
2534 			ptr++;
2535 		CHECKLEN();
2536 		if (*ptr == '.')
2537 			ptr++;
2538 		CHECKLEN();
2539 		switch (*ptr++) {
2540 		case 'e':
2541 		case 'E':
2542 		case 'f':
2543 		case 'F':
2544 		case 'g':
2545 		case 'G':
2546 			return 0;
2547 
2548 		default:
2549 			goto invalid;
2550 		}
2551 
2552 
2553 	case FILE_FMT_STR:
2554 		if (*ptr == '-')
2555 			ptr++;
2556 		while (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, *ptr)))
2557 			ptr++;
2558 		if (*ptr == '.') {
2559 			ptr++;
2560 			while (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char , *ptr)))
2561 				ptr++;
2562 		}
2563 
2564 		switch (*ptr++) {
2565 		case 's':
2566 			return 0;
2567 		default:
2568 			goto invalid;
2569 		}
2570 
2571 	default:
2572 		/* internal error */
2573 		abort();
2574 	}
2575 invalid:
2576 	*estr = "not valid";
2577 toolong:
2578 	*estr = "too long";
2579 	return -1;
2580 }
2581 
2582 /*
2583  * Check that the optional printf format in description matches
2584  * the type of the magic.
2585  */
2586 private int
2587 check_format(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
2588 {
2589 	char *ptr;
2590 	const char *estr;
2591 
2592 	for (ptr = m->desc; *ptr; ptr++)
2593 		if (*ptr == '%')
2594 			break;
2595 	if (*ptr == '\0') {
2596 		/* No format string; ok */
2597 		return 1;
2598 	}
2599 
2600 	assert(file_nformats == file_nnames);
2601 
2602 	if (m->type >= file_nformats) {
2603 		file_magwarn(ms, "Internal error inconsistency between "
2604 		    "m->type and format strings");
2605 		return -1;
2606 	}
2607 	if (file_formats[m->type] == FILE_FMT_NONE) {
2608 		file_magwarn(ms, "No format string for `%s' with description "
2609 		    "`%s'", m->desc, file_names[m->type]);
2610 		return -1;
2611 	}
2612 
2613 	ptr++;
2614 	if (check_format_type(ptr, m->type, &estr) == -1) {
2615 		/*
2616 		 * TODO: this error message is unhelpful if the format
2617 		 * string is not one character long
2618 		 */
2619 		file_magwarn(ms, "Printf format is %s for type "
2620 		    "`%s' in description `%s'", estr,
2621 		    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
2622 		return -1;
2623 	}
2624 
2625 	for (; *ptr; ptr++) {
2626 		if (*ptr == '%') {
2627 			file_magwarn(ms,
2628 			    "Too many format strings (should have at most one) "
2629 			    "for `%s' with description `%s'",
2630 			    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
2631 			return -1;
2632 		}
2633 	}
2634 	return 0;
2635 }
2636 
2637 /*
2638  * Read a numeric value from a pointer, into the value union of a magic
2639  * pointer, according to the magic type.  Update the string pointer to point
2640  * just after the number read.  Return 0 for success, non-zero for failure.
2641  */
2642 private int
2643 getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **p, int action)
2644 {
2645 	char *ep;
2646 	uint64_t ull;
2647 
2648 	switch (m->type) {
2649 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
2650 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
2651 	case FILE_STRING:
2652 	case FILE_PSTRING:
2653 	case FILE_REGEX:
2654 	case FILE_SEARCH:
2655 	case FILE_NAME:
2656 	case FILE_USE:
2657 	case FILE_DER:
2658 		*p = getstr(ms, m, *p, action == FILE_COMPILE);
2659 		if (*p == NULL) {
2660 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2661 				file_magwarn(ms, "cannot get string from `%s'",
2662 				    m->value.s);
2663 			return -1;
2664 		}
2665 		if (m->type == FILE_REGEX) {
2666 			file_regex_t rx;
2667 			int rc = file_regcomp(&rx, m->value.s, REG_EXTENDED);
2668 			if (rc) {
2669 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2670 					file_regerror(&rx, rc, ms);
2671 			}
2672 			file_regfree(&rx);
2673 			return rc ? -1 : 0;
2674 		}
2675 		return 0;
2676 	default:
2677 		if (m->reln == 'x')
2678 			return 0;
2679 		break;
2680 	}
2681 
2682 	switch (m->type) {
2683 	case FILE_FLOAT:
2684 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
2685 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
2686 		errno = 0;
2687 #ifdef HAVE_STRTOF
2688 		m->value.f = strtof(*p, &ep);
2689 #else
2690 		m->value.f = (float)strtod(*p, &ep);
2691 #endif
2692 		if (errno == 0)
2693 			*p = ep;
2694 		return 0;
2695 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
2696 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
2697 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
2698 		errno = 0;
2699 		m->value.d = strtod(*p, &ep);
2700 		if (errno == 0)
2701 			*p = ep;
2702 		return 0;
2703 	default:
2704 		errno = 0;
2705 		ull = CAST(uint64_t, strtoull(*p, &ep, 0));
2706 		m->value.q = file_signextend(ms, m, ull);
2707 		if (*p == ep) {
2708 			file_magwarn(ms, "Unparseable number `%s'", *p);
2709 		} else {
2710 			size_t ts = typesize(m->type);
2711 			uint64_t x;
2712 			const char *q;
2713 
2714 			if (ts == CAST(size_t, ~0)) {
2715 				file_magwarn(ms,
2716 				    "Expected numeric type got `%s'",
2717 				    type_tbl[m->type].name);
2718 			}
2719 			for (q = *p; isspace(CAST(unsigned char, *q)); q++)
2720 				continue;
2721 			if (*q == '-')
2722 				ull = -CAST(int64_t, ull);
2723 			switch (ts) {
2724 			case 1:
2725 				x = CAST(uint64_t, ull & ~0xffULL);
2726 				break;
2727 			case 2:
2728 				x = CAST(uint64_t, ull & ~0xffffULL);
2729 				break;
2730 			case 4:
2731 				x = CAST(uint64_t, ull & ~0xffffffffULL);
2732 				break;
2733 			case 8:
2734 				x = 0;
2735 				break;
2736 			default:
2737 				abort();
2738 			}
2739 			if (x) {
2740 				file_magwarn(ms, "Overflow for numeric"
2741 				    " type `%s' value %#" PRIx64,
2742 				    type_tbl[m->type].name, ull);
2743 			}
2744 		}
2745 		if (errno == 0) {
2746 			*p = ep;
2747 			eatsize(p);
2748 		}
2749 		return 0;
2750 	}
2751 }
2752 
2753 /*
2754  * Convert a string containing C character escapes.  Stop at an unescaped
2755  * space or tab.
2756  * Copy the converted version to "m->value.s", and the length in m->vallen.
2757  * Return updated scan pointer as function result. Warn if set.
2758  */
2759 private const char *
2760 getstr(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char *s, int warn)
2761 {
2762 	const char *origs = s;
2763 	char	*p = m->value.s;
2764 	size_t  plen = sizeof(m->value.s);
2765 	char 	*origp = p;
2766 	char	*pmax = p + plen - 1;
2767 	int	c;
2768 	int	val;
2769 
2770 	while ((c = *s++) != '\0') {
2771 		if (isspace(CAST(unsigned char, c)))
2772 			break;
2773 		if (p >= pmax) {
2774 			file_error(ms, 0, "string too long: `%s'", origs);
2775 			return NULL;
2776 		}
2777 		if (c == '\\') {
2778 			switch(c = *s++) {
2779 
2780 			case '\0':
2781 				if (warn)
2782 					file_magwarn(ms, "incomplete escape");
2783 				s--;
2784 				goto out;
2785 
2786 			case '\t':
2787 				if (warn) {
2788 					file_magwarn(ms,
2789 					    "escaped tab found, use \\t instead");
2790 					warn = 0;	/* already did */
2791 				}
2792 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2793 			default:
2794 				if (warn) {
2795 					if (isprint(CAST(unsigned char, c))) {
2796 						/* Allow escaping of
2797 						 * ``relations'' */
2798 						if (strchr("<>&^=!", c) == NULL
2799 						    && (m->type != FILE_REGEX ||
2800 						    strchr("[]().*?^$|{}", c)
2801 						    == NULL)) {
2802 							file_magwarn(ms, "no "
2803 							    "need to escape "
2804 							    "`%c'", c);
2805 						}
2806 					} else {
2807 						file_magwarn(ms,
2808 						    "unknown escape sequence: "
2809 						    "\\%03o", c);
2810 					}
2811 				}
2812 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2813 			/* space, perhaps force people to use \040? */
2814 			case ' ':
2815 #if 0
2816 			/*
2817 			 * Other things people escape, but shouldn't need to,
2818 			 * so we disallow them
2819 			 */
2820 			case '\'':
2821 			case '"':
2822 			case '?':
2823 #endif
2824 			/* Relations */
2825 			case '>':
2826 			case '<':
2827 			case '&':
2828 			case '^':
2829 			case '=':
2830 			case '!':
2831 			/* and baskslash itself */
2832 			case '\\':
2833 				*p++ = CAST(char, c);
2834 				break;
2835 
2836 			case 'a':
2837 				*p++ = '\a';
2838 				break;
2839 
2840 			case 'b':
2841 				*p++ = '\b';
2842 				break;
2843 
2844 			case 'f':
2845 				*p++ = '\f';
2846 				break;
2847 
2848 			case 'n':
2849 				*p++ = '\n';
2850 				break;
2851 
2852 			case 'r':
2853 				*p++ = '\r';
2854 				break;
2855 
2856 			case 't':
2857 				*p++ = '\t';
2858 				break;
2859 
2860 			case 'v':
2861 				*p++ = '\v';
2862 				break;
2863 
2864 			/* \ and up to 3 octal digits */
2865 			case '0':
2866 			case '1':
2867 			case '2':
2868 			case '3':
2869 			case '4':
2870 			case '5':
2871 			case '6':
2872 			case '7':
2873 				val = c - '0';
2874 				c = *s++;  /* try for 2 */
2875 				if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
2876 					val = (val << 3) | (c - '0');
2877 					c = *s++;  /* try for 3 */
2878 					if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
2879 						val = (val << 3) | (c-'0');
2880 					else
2881 						--s;
2882 				}
2883 				else
2884 					--s;
2885 				*p++ = CAST(char, val);
2886 				break;
2887 
2888 			/* \x and up to 2 hex digits */
2889 			case 'x':
2890 				val = 'x';	/* Default if no digits */
2891 				c = hextoint(*s++);	/* Get next char */
2892 				if (c >= 0) {
2893 					val = c;
2894 					c = hextoint(*s++);
2895 					if (c >= 0)
2896 						val = (val << 4) + c;
2897 					else
2898 						--s;
2899 				} else
2900 					--s;
2901 				*p++ = CAST(char, val);
2902 				break;
2903 			}
2904 		} else
2905 			*p++ = CAST(char, c);
2906 	}
2907 	--s;
2908 out:
2909 	*p = '\0';
2910 	m->vallen = CAST(unsigned char, (p - origp));
2911 	if (m->type == FILE_PSTRING)
2912 		m->vallen += CAST(unsigned char, file_pstring_length_size(m));
2913 	return s;
2914 }
2915 
2916 
2917 /* Single hex char to int; -1 if not a hex char. */
2918 private int
2919 hextoint(int c)
2920 {
2921 	if (!isascii(CAST(unsigned char, c)))
2922 		return -1;
2923 	if (isdigit(CAST(unsigned char, c)))
2924 		return c - '0';
2925 	if ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'f'))
2926 		return c + 10 - 'a';
2927 	if (( c>= 'A') && (c <= 'F'))
2928 		return c + 10 - 'A';
2929 	return -1;
2930 }
2931 
2932 
2933 /*
2934  * Print a string containing C character escapes.
2935  */
2936 protected void
2937 file_showstr(FILE *fp, const char *s, size_t len)
2938 {
2939 	char	c;
2940 
2941 	for (;;) {
2942 		if (len == ~0U) {
2943 			c = *s++;
2944 			if (c == '\0')
2945 				break;
2946 		}
2947 		else  {
2948 			if (len-- == 0)
2949 				break;
2950 			c = *s++;
2951 		}
2952 		if (c >= 040 && c <= 0176)	/* TODO isprint && !iscntrl */
2953 			(void) fputc(c, fp);
2954 		else {
2955 			(void) fputc('\\', fp);
2956 			switch (c) {
2957 			case '\a':
2958 				(void) fputc('a', fp);
2959 				break;
2960 
2961 			case '\b':
2962 				(void) fputc('b', fp);
2963 				break;
2964 
2965 			case '\f':
2966 				(void) fputc('f', fp);
2967 				break;
2968 
2969 			case '\n':
2970 				(void) fputc('n', fp);
2971 				break;
2972 
2973 			case '\r':
2974 				(void) fputc('r', fp);
2975 				break;
2976 
2977 			case '\t':
2978 				(void) fputc('t', fp);
2979 				break;
2980 
2981 			case '\v':
2982 				(void) fputc('v', fp);
2983 				break;
2984 
2985 			default:
2986 				(void) fprintf(fp, "%.3o", c & 0377);
2987 				break;
2988 			}
2989 		}
2990 	}
2991 }
2992 
2993 /*
2994  * eatsize(): Eat the size spec from a number [eg. 10UL]
2995  */
2996 private void
2997 eatsize(const char **p)
2998 {
2999 	const char *l = *p;
3000 
3001 	if (LOWCASE(*l) == 'u')
3002 		l++;
3003 
3004 	switch (LOWCASE(*l)) {
3005 	case 'l':    /* long */
3006 	case 's':    /* short */
3007 	case 'h':    /* short */
3008 	case 'b':    /* char/byte */
3009 	case 'c':    /* char/byte */
3010 		l++;
3011 		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
3012 	default:
3013 		break;
3014 	}
3015 
3016 	*p = l;
3017 }
3018 
3019 /*
3020  * handle a buffer containing a compiled file.
3021  */
3022 private struct magic_map *
3023 apprentice_buf(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *buf, size_t len)
3024 {
3025 	struct magic_map *map;
3026 
3027 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL) {
3028 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
3029 		return NULL;
3030 	}
3031 	map->len = len;
3032 	map->p = buf;
3033 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_USER;
3034 	if (check_buffer(ms, map, "buffer") != 0) {
3035 		apprentice_unmap(map);
3036 		return NULL;
3037 	}
3038 	return map;
3039 }
3040 
3041 /*
3042  * handle a compiled file.
3043  */
3044 
3045 private struct magic_map *
3046 apprentice_map(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn)
3047 {
3048 	int fd;
3049 	struct stat st;
3050 	char *dbname = NULL;
3051 	struct magic_map *map;
3052 	struct magic_map *rv = NULL;
3053 
3054 	fd = -1;
3055 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL) {
3056 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
3057 		goto error;
3058 	}
3059 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_USER;	/* unspecified */
3060 
3061 	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 0);
3062 	if (dbname == NULL)
3063 		goto error;
3064 
3065 	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) == -1)
3066 		goto error;
3067 
3068 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
3069 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot stat `%s'", dbname);
3070 		goto error;
3071 	}
3072 	if (st.st_size < 8 || st.st_size > maxoff_t()) {
3073 		file_error(ms, 0, "file `%s' is too %s", dbname,
3074 		    st.st_size < 8 ? "small" : "large");
3075 		goto error;
3076 	}
3077 
3078 	map->len = CAST(size_t, st.st_size);
3079 #ifdef QUICK
3080 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MMAP;
3081 	if ((map->p = mmap(0, CAST(size_t, st.st_size), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
3082 	    MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FILE, fd, CAST(off_t, 0))) == MAP_FAILED) {
3083 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot map `%s'", dbname);
3084 		goto error;
3085 	}
3086 #else
3087 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MALLOC;
3088 	if ((map->p = CAST(void *, malloc(map->len))) == NULL) {
3089 		file_oomem(ms, map->len);
3090 		goto error;
3091 	}
3092 	if (read(fd, map->p, map->len) != (ssize_t)map->len) {
3093 		file_badread(ms);
3094 		goto error;
3095 	}
3096 #define RET	1
3097 #endif
3098 	(void)close(fd);
3099 	fd = -1;
3100 
3101 	if (check_buffer(ms, map, dbname) != 0) {
3102 		rv = RCAST(struct magic_map *, -1);
3103 		goto error;
3104 	}
3105 #ifdef QUICK
3106 	if (mprotect(map->p, CAST(size_t, st.st_size), PROT_READ) == -1) {
3107 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot mprotect `%s'", dbname);
3108 		goto error;
3109 	}
3110 #endif
3111 
3112 	free(dbname);
3113 	return map;
3114 
3115 error:
3116 	if (fd != -1)
3117 		(void)close(fd);
3118 	apprentice_unmap(map);
3119 	free(dbname);
3120 	return rv;
3121 }
3122 
3123 private int
3124 check_buffer(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_map *map, const char *dbname)
3125 {
3126 	uint32_t *ptr;
3127 	uint32_t entries, nentries;
3128 	uint32_t version;
3129 	int i, needsbyteswap;
3130 
3131 	ptr = CAST(uint32_t *, map->p);
3132 	if (*ptr != MAGICNO) {
3133 		if (swap4(*ptr) != MAGICNO) {
3134 			file_error(ms, 0, "bad magic in `%s'", dbname);
3135 			return -1;
3136 		}
3137 		needsbyteswap = 1;
3138 	} else
3139 		needsbyteswap = 0;
3140 	if (needsbyteswap)
3141 		version = swap4(ptr[1]);
3142 	else
3143 		version = ptr[1];
3144 	if (version != VERSIONNO) {
3145 		file_error(ms, 0, "File %s supports only version %d magic "
3146 		    "files. `%s' is version %d", VERSION,
3147 		    VERSIONNO, dbname, version);
3148 		return -1;
3149 	}
3150 	entries = CAST(uint32_t, map->len / sizeof(struct magic));
3151 	if ((entries * sizeof(struct magic)) != map->len) {
3152 		file_error(ms, 0, "Size of `%s' %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u is not "
3153 		    "a multiple of %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u",
3154 		    dbname, map->len, sizeof(struct magic));
3155 		return -1;
3156 	}
3157 	map->magic[0] = CAST(struct magic *, map->p) + 1;
3158 	nentries = 0;
3159 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
3160 		if (needsbyteswap)
3161 			map->nmagic[i] = swap4(ptr[i + 2]);
3162 		else
3163 			map->nmagic[i] = ptr[i + 2];
3164 		if (i != MAGIC_SETS - 1)
3165 			map->magic[i + 1] = map->magic[i] + map->nmagic[i];
3166 		nentries += map->nmagic[i];
3167 	}
3168 	if (entries != nentries + 1) {
3169 		file_error(ms, 0, "Inconsistent entries in `%s' %u != %u",
3170 		    dbname, entries, nentries + 1);
3171 		return -1;
3172 	}
3173 	if (needsbyteswap)
3174 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
3175 			byteswap(map->magic[i], map->nmagic[i]);
3176 	return 0;
3177 }
3178 
3179 /*
3180  * handle an mmaped file.
3181  */
3182 private int
3183 apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_map *map, const char *fn)
3184 {
3185 	static const size_t nm = sizeof(*map->nmagic) * MAGIC_SETS;
3186 	static const size_t m = sizeof(**map->magic);
3187 	int fd = -1;
3188 	size_t len;
3189 	char *dbname;
3190 	int rv = -1;
3191 	uint32_t i;
3192 	union {
3193 		struct magic m;
3194 		uint32_t h[2 + MAGIC_SETS];
3195 	} hdr;
3196 
3197 	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 1);
3198 
3199 	if (dbname == NULL)
3200 		goto out;
3201 
3202 	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0644)) == -1)
3203 	{
3204 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot open `%s'", dbname);
3205 		goto out;
3206 	}
3207 	memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(hdr));
3208 	hdr.h[0] = MAGICNO;
3209 	hdr.h[1] = VERSIONNO;
3210 	memcpy(hdr.h + 2, map->nmagic, nm);
3211 
3212 	if (write(fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) != CAST(ssize_t, sizeof(hdr))) {
3213 		file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
3214 		goto out2;
3215 	}
3216 
3217 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
3218 		len = m * map->nmagic[i];
3219 		if (write(fd, map->magic[i], len) != CAST(ssize_t, len)) {
3220 			file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
3221 			goto out2;
3222 		}
3223 	}
3224 
3225 	rv = 0;
3226 out2:
3227 	if (fd != -1)
3228 		(void)close(fd);
3229 out:
3230 	apprentice_unmap(map);
3231 	free(dbname);
3232 	return rv;
3233 }
3234 
3235 private const char ext[] = ".mgc";
3236 /*
3237  * make a dbname
3238  */
3239 private char *
3240 mkdbname(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int strip)
3241 {
3242 	const char *p, *q;
3243 	char *buf;
3244 
3245 	if (strip) {
3246 		if ((p = strrchr(fn, '/')) != NULL)
3247 			fn = ++p;
3248 	}
3249 
3250 	for (q = fn; *q; q++)
3251 		continue;
3252 	/* Look for .mgc */
3253 	for (p = ext + sizeof(ext) - 1; p >= ext && q >= fn; p--, q--)
3254 		if (*p != *q)
3255 			break;
3256 
3257 	/* Did not find .mgc, restore q */
3258 	if (p >= ext)
3259 		while (*q)
3260 			q++;
3261 
3262 	q++;
3263 	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
3264 	if (ms->flags & MAGIC_MIME) {
3265 		if (asprintf(&buf, "%.*s.mime%s", CAST(int, q - fn), fn, ext)
3266 		    < 0)
3267 			return NULL;
3268 		if (access(buf, R_OK) != -1) {
3269 			ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
3270 			return buf;
3271 		}
3272 		free(buf);
3273 	}
3274 	if (asprintf(&buf, "%.*s%s", CAST(int, q - fn), fn, ext) < 0)
3275 		return NULL;
3276 
3277 	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
3278 	if (strstr(fn, ".mime") != NULL)
3279 		ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
3280 	return buf;
3281 }
3282 
3283 /*
3284  * Byteswap an mmap'ed file if needed
3285  */
3286 private void
3287 byteswap(struct magic *magic, uint32_t nmagic)
3288 {
3289 	uint32_t i;
3290 	for (i = 0; i < nmagic; i++)
3291 		bs1(&magic[i]);
3292 }
3293 
3294 /*
3295  * swap a short
3296  */
3297 private uint16_t
3298 swap2(uint16_t sv)
3299 {
3300 	uint16_t rv;
3301 	uint8_t *s = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &sv));
3302 	uint8_t *d = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &rv));
3303 	d[0] = s[1];
3304 	d[1] = s[0];
3305 	return rv;
3306 }
3307 
3308 /*
3309  * swap an int
3310  */
3311 private uint32_t
3312 swap4(uint32_t sv)
3313 {
3314 	uint32_t rv;
3315 	uint8_t *s = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &sv));
3316 	uint8_t *d = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &rv));
3317 	d[0] = s[3];
3318 	d[1] = s[2];
3319 	d[2] = s[1];
3320 	d[3] = s[0];
3321 	return rv;
3322 }
3323 
3324 /*
3325  * swap a quad
3326  */
3327 private uint64_t
3328 swap8(uint64_t sv)
3329 {
3330 	uint64_t rv;
3331 	uint8_t *s = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &sv));
3332 	uint8_t *d = RCAST(uint8_t *, RCAST(void *, &rv));
3333 #if 0
3334 	d[0] = s[3];
3335 	d[1] = s[2];
3336 	d[2] = s[1];
3337 	d[3] = s[0];
3338 	d[4] = s[7];
3339 	d[5] = s[6];
3340 	d[6] = s[5];
3341 	d[7] = s[4];
3342 #else
3343 	d[0] = s[7];
3344 	d[1] = s[6];
3345 	d[2] = s[5];
3346 	d[3] = s[4];
3347 	d[4] = s[3];
3348 	d[5] = s[2];
3349 	d[6] = s[1];
3350 	d[7] = s[0];
3351 #endif
3352 	return rv;
3353 }
3354 
3355 /*
3356  * byteswap a single magic entry
3357  */
3358 private void
3359 bs1(struct magic *m)
3360 {
3361 	m->cont_level = swap2(m->cont_level);
3362 	m->offset = swap4(CAST(uint32_t, m->offset));
3363 	m->in_offset = swap4(CAST(uint32_t, m->in_offset));
3364 	m->lineno = swap4(CAST(uint32_t, m->lineno));
3365 	if (IS_STRING(m->type)) {
3366 		m->str_range = swap4(m->str_range);
3367 		m->str_flags = swap4(m->str_flags);
3368 	}
3369 	else {
3370 		m->value.q = swap8(m->value.q);
3371 		m->num_mask = swap8(m->num_mask);
3372 	}
3373 }
3374 
3375 protected size_t
3376 file_pstring_length_size(const struct magic *m)
3377 {
3378 	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
3379 	case PSTRING_1_LE:
3380 		return 1;
3381 	case PSTRING_2_LE:
3382 	case PSTRING_2_BE:
3383 		return 2;
3384 	case PSTRING_4_LE:
3385 	case PSTRING_4_BE:
3386 		return 4;
3387 	default:
3388 		abort();	/* Impossible */
3389 		return 1;
3390 	}
3391 }
3392 protected size_t
3393 file_pstring_get_length(const struct magic *m, const char *ss)
3394 {
3395 	size_t len = 0;
3396 	const unsigned char *s = RCAST(const unsigned char *, ss);
3397 	unsigned int s3, s2, s1, s0;
3398 
3399 	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
3400 	case PSTRING_1_LE:
3401 		len = *s;
3402 		break;
3403 	case PSTRING_2_LE:
3404 		s0 = s[0];
3405 		s1 = s[1];
3406 		len = (s1 << 8) | s0;
3407 		break;
3408 	case PSTRING_2_BE:
3409 		s0 = s[0];
3410 		s1 = s[1];
3411 		len = (s0 << 8) | s1;
3412 		break;
3413 	case PSTRING_4_LE:
3414 		s0 = s[0];
3415 		s1 = s[1];
3416 		s2 = s[2];
3417 		s3 = s[3];
3418 		len = (s3 << 24) | (s2 << 16) | (s1 << 8) | s0;
3419 		break;
3420 	case PSTRING_4_BE:
3421 		s0 = s[0];
3422 		s1 = s[1];
3423 		s2 = s[2];
3424 		s3 = s[3];
3425 		len = (s0 << 24) | (s1 << 16) | (s2 << 8) | s3;
3426 		break;
3427 	default:
3428 		abort();	/* Impossible */
3429 	}
3430 
3431 	if (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF)
3432 		len -= file_pstring_length_size(m);
3433 
3434 	return len;
3435 }
3436 
3437 protected int
3438 file_magicfind(struct magic_set *ms, const char *name, struct mlist *v)
3439 {
3440 	uint32_t i, j;
3441 	struct mlist *mlist, *ml;
3442 
3443 	mlist = ms->mlist[1];
3444 
3445 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = ml->next) {
3446 		struct magic *ma = ml->magic;
3447 		uint32_t nma = ml->nmagic;
3448 		for (i = 0; i < nma; i++) {
3449 			if (ma[i].type != FILE_NAME)
3450 				continue;
3451 			if (strcmp(ma[i].value.s, name) == 0) {
3452 				v->magic = &ma[i];
3453 				for (j = i + 1; j < nma; j++)
3454 				    if (ma[j].cont_level == 0)
3455 					    break;
3456 				v->nmagic = j - i;
3457 				return 0;
3458 			}
3459 		}
3460 	}
3461 	return -1;
3462 }
3463