1The upgrade to NetBSD 1.2 is a binary upgrade; it would be prohibitive 2to make users upgrade by compiling and installing the 1.2 sources, and 3it would be very difficult to even compile a set of instructions that 4allowed them to do so. Because of the many changes to the system, it 5is difficult impractical to upgrade by recompiling from the sources 6and installing. 7 8To do the upgrade, you must have the appropriate kernel-copy floppy 9image on a disk, and the upgr12.fs floppy image on another. You must 10also have at least the "base12" binary distribution set available, 11so that you can upgrade with it, using one of the upgrade methods 12described above. Finally, you must have sufficient disk space 13available to install the new binaries. Since the old binaries are 14being overwritten in place, you only need space for the new binaries, 15which weren't previously on the system. If you have a few megabytes 16free on each of your root and /usr partitions, you should have enough 17space. 18 19Since upgrading involves replacing the boot blocks on your NetBSD 20partition, the kernel, and most of the system binaries, it has the 21potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to BACK UP ANY 22IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK, whether on the NetBSD partition or on 23another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade 24process. 25 26To upgrade your system, follow the following instructions: 27 28 Boot your machine using of the appropriate kernel-copy floppy. 29 30 You will be prompted to insert a file system floppy. Remove 31 the kernel-copy floppy and insert the upgr12 floppy, then hit 32 any key to continue booting. 33 34 While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You 35 should be warned that no swap space is present, and that 36 init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are 37 completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a 38 shell name, just hit return. 39 40 You will be presented with some information about the upgrade 41 process and a warning message, and will be asked if you wish 42 to proceed with the upgrade process. If you answer 43 negatively, the upgrade process will stop, and your disk will 44 not be modified. If you answer affirmatively, the upgrade 45 process will begin, and your disk will be modified. You may 46 hit Control-C to stop the upgrade process at any time. 47 However, if you hit it at an inopportune moment, your system 48 may be left in an inconsistent (and possibly unusable) state. 49 50 You will be asked if you wish to upgrade your file systems to 51 the new file system format. If you do, reply affirmatively. 52 If you don't have your file systems upgraded now, you should 53 probably do it manually after the install process is complete, 54 by using "fsck -c 2". Read the fsck(8) manual page for more 55 details. Note that this step is only important when upgrading 56 from a pre-NetBSD 1.0 release. 57 58 The upgrade program will then check your root file system, 59 and, if you approved, will upgrade it to the new file system 60 format. It will then mount your root file system on /mnt. 61 62 If your file systems are being upgraded, the upgrade script 63 will copy the new fsck(8) program to your hard disk and 64 upgrade your remaining file systems. 65 66 The upgrade program will then automatically replace the boot 67 blocks on your disk with newer versions, and mount all of your 68 file systems under /mnt. (In other words, your root partition 69 will be mounted on /mnt, your /usr partition on /mnt/usr, etc.) 70 71 If you don't already have the NetBSD distribution sets on your 72 disk, look in the installation section for information on how 73 to transfer them to your disk. 74 75 If you have only one floppy drive, and don't have the disk 76 space to copy all of the distribution onto the hard drive, you 77 can do the following: 78 79 Install a kernel on the hard drive as detailed a few 80 paragraphs below, then boot off the hard drive. Now 81 you can copy and install distribution sets 82 incrementally from your lone floppy drive. 83 84 Once the distribution sets are transferred to your disk, 85 continue here. (Obviously, if the NetBSD distribution sets 86 are already on your disk, because you've transferred them 87 before starting the upgrade process, you don't need to 88 transfer them again now!) 89 90 After the software has been transferred to the machine (or 91 mounted, in the case of upgrading via NFS), change into the 92 directory containing the "base12" distribution set. Once you 93 are there, run the "Set_tmp_dir" command, and hit return at 94 the prompt to select the default answer for the temporary 95 directory's path name. (It should be the path name of the 96 directory that you're in.) 97 98 Run the command "Extract base12" to upgrade the base 99 distribution. 100 101 Repeat the above two steps for all of the sets you wish to 102 upgrade. (For each, change into the directory containing the 103 set, run "Set_tmp_dir" and accept the default path name, then 104 run the "Extract <setname>" command.) 105 106 If you were previously using the security distribution set, 107 you MUST upgrade to the new version, or you will not be able 108 to log in when the upgrade process is complete. Similarly, if 109 you were not previously using the security set, you must NOT 110 upgrade to the new version. 111 112 When you are done upgrading all of the distribution sets you 113 wish to upgrade, issue the command "Cleanup". It will clean 114 up the installation, by remaking some system databases. When 115 it is complete, you should use "halt" to halt the system. 116 117 When the system is halted, remove the "upgr12" floppy from 118 the floppy drive, and replace it with the NetBSD 1.2 119 kernel-copy floppy that you previously booted from. Reboot 120 with that floppy. 121 122 Once again, you will be prompted to insert a file system 123 floppy. DO NOT replace the kernel-copy floppy, just hit any 124 key. 125 126 Again, While booting, you may see several warnings. You may 127 be warned that no swap space is present, that init(8) cannot 128 find /etc/rc, and that one or more databases with names like 129 "pwd.db" cannot be found. Do not be alarmed, as, again, these 130 are completely normal. Hit return at the prompt asking you 131 for a shell name. 132 133 You will be presented with a shell prompt, at which you should 134 enter the "copy_kernel" command. It will ask you what 135 partition to copy the kernel to, and you should reply with the 136 name of your root partition (e.g. sd0a or wd0a). 137 138 You will be asked if you are sure that you want to copy the 139 kernel. Reply affirmatively, and it will check the file 140 system on your root partition, mount it, and copy the kernel. 141 Once the kernel is copied, you should use "halt" to halt the 142 system. 143 144 Once the system is halted, remove the kernel-copy floppy from 145 the floppy disk drive, and hit any key to reboot. 146 147Your system has now been upgraded to NetBSD 1.2. 148 149 After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your 150 machine is a complete NetBSD 1.2 system. However, that 151 doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process. 152 There are several things that you should do, or might have to 153 do, to insure that the system works properly. 154 155 First, if you did not upgrade your file systems to the new 156 file system format during the upgrade process, and you are 157 upgrading from a pre-1.0 NetBSD, you may want to do so now, 158 with "fsck -c 2". If you are unsure about the process, it's 159 suggested that you read the fsck(8) manual page. 160 161 Second, you will probably want to get the etc12 distribution, 162 extract it, and compare its contents with those in your /etc/ 163 directory. You will probably want to replace some of your 164 system configuration files, or incorporate some of the changes 165 in the new versions into yours. 166 167 Third, you will probably want to update the set of device 168 nodes you have in /dev. If you've changed the contents of 169 /dev by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if 170 not, you can just cd into /dev, and run the command "sh 171 MAKEDEV all". 172 173 Fourth, you must deal with certain changes in the formats of 174 some of the configuration files. The most notable change is 175 that the "options" given to many of the file systems in 176 /etc/fstab or by hand have changed, and some of the file 177 systems have changed names. *IMPORTANT*: ANY INSTANCES OF "ufs" 178 IN /etc/fstab MUST BE CHANGED TO "ffs". To find out what the 179 new options are, it's suggested that you read the manual page 180 for the file systems' mount commands, for example mount_nfs(8) 181 for NFS. (Note that the information for mounts of type "ffs", 182 i.e. Fast File Systems, are contained in the mount(8) man 183 page.) 184 185 Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part 186 of the version of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since 187 been removed from the NetBSD distribution. If you are 188 upgrading from a pre-1.0 NetBSD, you might also 189 want to recompile any locally-built binaries, to take 190 advantage of the shared libraries. (Note that any new 191 binaries that you build will be dynamically linked, and 192 therefore take advantage of the shared libraries, by default. 193 For information on how to make statically linked binaries, 194 see the cc(1) and ld(1) manual pages.) 195