1 $NetBSD: install,v 1.6 1998/11/04 14:21:30 minoura Exp $ 2 3Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have 4this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the 5information which is presented to you by the install program, it 6shouldn't be too much trouble. 7 8Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e. 9the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not 10currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of 11tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the 12number of cylinders on the disk. The NetBSD kernel will try to 13discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them 14at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints. 15(You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with 16another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the 17kernel can't figure out its geometry.) 18 19You should now be ready to install NetBSD. It might be handy for you 20to have a pencil, some paper, and a calculator handy. 21 22The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while 23getting NetBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a 24default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the 25question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C 26at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation 27process again from scratch. 28 29 Boot your machine using of boot floppy. If the boot prompt 30 does not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either 31 have a bad boot floppy or a hardware problem. Try writing the 32 boot floppy image to a different disk, and using that. If it 33 still doesn't work, NetBSD probably can't be run on your 34 hardware. This can probably be considered a bug, so you might 35 want to report it. If you do, please include as many details 36 about your system configuration as you can. 37 38 It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy, 39 probably around a minute or so. 40 41 You will then be presented with the NetBSD kernel boot 42 messages. You will want to read them, to determine your 43 disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like 44 "sd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that 45 begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your 46 disk's geometry when creating NetBSD's partitions. You will 47 also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what 48 disk to install on. 49 50 While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You 51 should be warned that no swap space is present, and that 52 init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are 53 completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a 54 shell name, just hit return. 55 56 You will be presented with a welcome message and a prompt, 57 asking if you wish to proceed with the installation process. 58 If you wish to proceed, enter "y" and hit return. 59 60 The install program will then tell you which disks it can 61 install on, and ask you which it should use. 62 Reply with the name of your disk. 63 64 You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The 65 default response is "mysd", and for most purposes it will be 66 OK. If you choose to name it something different, make sure 67 the name is a single word and contains no special characters. 68 You don't need to remember this name. 69 70 You will be prompted for your disk's geometry information, 71 i.e. the number of bytes per sector, cylinders on the disk, 72 tracks per cylinder (heads), and sectors per track. Enter 73 them when they are requested. If you make a mistake, hit 74 Control-C and when you get to the shell prompt, restart the 75 install process by running the "install" command. Once you 76 have entered this data, the install program will tell you the 77 total size of your disk, in both sectors, and cylinders. 78 Remember this number; if you're installing on the whole disk, 79 you'll need it again soon. 80 81 When describing your partitions, you will have the option of 82 entering data about them in units of disk sectors or 83 cylinders. If you choose to enter the information in units of 84 sectors, remember that, for optimal performance, partitions 85 should begin and end on cylinder boundaries. You will be 86 asked about which units you wish to use, and you should reply 87 with "c" for cylinders, or "s" for sectors. 88 89 You will be asked to enter the size of your NetBSD root 90 partition. It should be at least 15M, but if you are going to 91 be doing development, 20M is a more desirable size. This 92 size should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders, 93 depending on which you said you wanted to use. 94 95 Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition. 96 You should probably allocate twice as much swap space as you 97 have real memory. Systems that will be heavily used should 98 have more swap space allocated, and systems that will be 99 lightly used can get by with less. If you want the system to 100 be able to save crash dumps when it panics, you will need at 101 least as much swap space as you have RAM. Again, this number 102 should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders, as 103 appropriate. 104 105 The install program will then ask you for information about 106 the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For most 107 purposes, you will want only one more partition, "/usr". 108 (Machines used as servers will probably also want /var as a 109 separate partition. That can be done with these installation 110 tools, but is not covered here.) The install program will 111 tell you how much space there is left to be allocated in the 112 NetBSD area of the disk, and, if you only want one more 113 partition ("/usr"), you should enter it at the prompt when the 114 installer asks you how large the next partition should be. 115 It will then ask you for the name of the mount point for that 116 partition. If you're doing a basic installation, that is 117 "/usr". 118 119 YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN. Nothing has been 120 written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to 121 install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified, and its 122 contents may be scrambled at the whim of the install program. 123 This is especially likely if you have given the install 124 program incorrect information. If you are sure you want to 125 proceed, enter "yes" at the prompt. 126 127 The install program will now label your disk and make the file 128 systems you specified. The filesystems will be initialized to 129 contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. 130 It will also create an /etc/fstab for your system, and mount 131 all of the file systems under /mnt. (In other words, your root 132 partition will be mounted on /mnt, your /usr partition on 133 /mnt/usr, and so on.) There should be no errors in this 134 section of the installation. If there are, restart from the 135 beginning of the installation process. 136 137 You will be placed at a shell prompt ("#"). The remaining 138 tasks are to copy the kernel from the kernel copy floppy to 139 the hard drive's root filesystem and install the distribution 140 sets. The flow of installation differs depending on your 141 hardware resources, and on what media the distribution sets 142 reside. 143 144 To install from removable hard disk: 145 The first thing you should do is pick a temporary 146 directory where the distribution files can be stored. 147 To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter 148 the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget 149 that your disk is mounted under /mnt; you should 150 probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) The 151 default is /mnt/usr/distrib. 152 153 Insert the media onto the drive. Check the device 154 name of your drive from the boot message. The device 155 name is something like "sd2" depending on the SCSI 156 disk drives connected to your machine. Note that the 157 boot message can be displayed with the command 158 "more /kern/msgbuf". 159 160 Mount the disk on the temporary directory with a 161 command like: 162 163 mount -t msdos /dev/sd2c <tmp_dir> 164 165 if your removable drive's name is sd2. 166 167 Run the "Extract" command once for each distribution 168 set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to 169 install the "base" distribution set, followed by the 170 "kern" distribution set, and finally the "etc" 171 distribution set, use the commands: 172 Extract base 173 Extract kern 174 Extract etc 175 176 For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction 177 should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it 178 will print out the name of each file that's being 179 extracted. 180 181 To install from floppy: 182 The first thing you should do is pick a temporary 183 directory where the distribution files can be stored. 184 To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter 185 the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget 186 that if your disk is still mounted under /mnt; you 187 should probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) 188 189 After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the 190 "Load_fd" command, to load the distribution sets from 191 your floppies. 192 193 You will be asked which floppy drive to use. Enter 194 "0" (zero) if you're using the first floppy drive 195 (i.e. what DOS would call "A:"), or enter "1" if 196 you're using the second. 197 198 You will be prompted to insert a floppy into the drive, 199 to have its contents copied to your hard disk. Do so, 200 and hit return to begin copying. When that is done, 201 read the remainder of the floppies that contain the 202 distribution sets that you want to install, one by 203 one. When the last is read, and you are being 204 prompted for another, hit Control-C. 205 206 Run the "Extract" command once for each distribution 207 set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to 208 install the "base" distribution set, followed by the 209 "kern" distribution set, and finally the "etc" 210 distribution set, use the commands: 211 Extract base 212 Extract kern 213 Extract etc 214 215 For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction 216 should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it 217 will print out the name of each file that's being 218 extracted. 219 220 (Note: if you know that you will be running low on 221 disk space when installing NetBSD, you can load and 222 extract one distribution set at a time. To do this, 223 load only the floppies which contain the files for the 224 first distribution set, extract them, and then change 225 to the temporary directory and remove them with the 226 command "rm set_name.??".) 227 228 Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that 229 you wish to install, you should proceed to the 230 instructions below (after the last install medium 231 type-specific instructions), that explain how you 232 should configure your system. 233 234 To install from tape: 235 The first thing you should do is pick a temporary 236 directory where the distribution files can be stored. 237 To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter 238 the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget 239 that your disk is mounted under /mnt; you should 240 probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) The 241 default is /mnt/usr/distrib. 242 243 After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the 244 "Load_tape" command, to load the distribution sets from 245 tape. 246 247 You will be asked which tape drive to use. The 248 default is "rst0", which is correct if you're using 249 the SCSI tape drive with the lowest SCSI ID number. 250 (For the SCSI tape drive with the next lowest SCSI ID 251 number, you should use "rst1", and so on.) 252 253 You will be prompted to hit return when you have 254 inserted the tape into the tape drive. When you do, 255 the contents of the tape will be extracted into the 256 temporary directory, and the names of the files being 257 extracted will be printed. 258 259 After the tape has been extracted, to go the directory 260 containing the first distribution set you wish to 261 install. (Depending on how you made the tape, it's 262 probably a subdirectory of the temporary directory you 263 specified above.) Once there, run the "Set_tmp_dir" 264 command again, and accept its default answer by 265 hitting return at the prompt. 266 267 Use the "Extract" command to extract the distribution 268 set. For instance, if you're extracting the "base" 269 set, use the command: 270 Extract base 271 You will be asked if you wish the extraction to be 272 verbose. If you reply affirmatively, the name of each 273 file being extracted will be printed. 274 275 Repeat the previous two steps for each distribution 276 set you wish to install. Change to the set's 277 directory, run "Set_tmp_dir", and then run 278 "Extract <set_name>" to extract the set. 279 280 Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that 281 you wish to install, you should proceed to the 282 instructions below (after the last install medium 283 type-specific instructions), that explain how you 284 should configure your system. 285 286 To install via FTP or NFS: 287 The first thing you should do is pick a temporary 288 directory where the distribution files can be stored. 289 To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter 290 the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget 291 that your disk is mounted under /mnt; you should 292 probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) The 293 default is /mnt/usr/distrib. 294 295 Configure the SLIP interface, with the following 296 command sequence: 297 298 slattach -h -s <speed> tty00 299 ifconfig sl0 <my_ipaddr> <peer_ipaddr> 300 301 where "<speed>" is the network speed, and "<my_ipaddr>" 302 is the numeric IP address of the machine you are going 303 to install NetBSD/x68k, while "<peer_ipaddr>" is the 304 address of the peer machine connected with your machine. 305 You might have to configure the peer SLIP interface 306 with similar sequence (depending on the peer system). 307 308 For instance, the sequence 309 310 slattach -h -s 38400 tty00 311 ifconfig sl0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.10 312 313 configures the SLIP interface for the network between 314 your machine (with IP address 192.168.0.1) and the peer 315 (192.168.0.10) with speed 38400 bps. Note that IP 316 addresses 192.168.*.* are the private IP addresses 317 described in RFC 1597. 318 319 If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets, mount 320 them on the temporary directory with a command like: 321 322 mount -t nfs <serv_ipaddr>:<dist_dir> <tmp_dir> 323 324 where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address, 325 <dist_dir> is the path to the distribution files on 326 the server, and <tmp_dir> is the name of the local 327 temporary directory. 328 329 Once this is done, proceed as if you had loaded the 330 files from tape, changing to the appropriate 331 directories, running "Set_tmp_dir", and running 332 "Extract" as appropriate. 333 334 If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp, 335 change into the temporary directory, and execute the 336 command: 337 338 ftp <serv_ipaddr> 339 340 where <serv_ipaddr> is once again the server's numeric 341 IP address. Get the files with FTP, taking care to 342 use binary mode when transferring the files. 343 344 Once you have all of the files for the distribution 345 sets that you wish to install, you can proceed using 346 the instructions above, as if you had installed from a 347 floppy. (Note that as with the floppy install, if 348 you're short on disk space, you can transfer only one 349 set at a time, extract it, then delete it, to save 350 space.) 351 352 Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets 353 that you wish to install, and are back at the "#" prompt, you 354 are ready to configure your system. The configuration utility 355 expects that you have installed the "base" and "etc" 356 distribution sets. If you have not, you will not be able to 357 run it successfully (nor will you have a functional system, in 358 any case). To configure your newly-installed NetBSD system, 359 run the command "Configure". It will ask you for the system's 360 host name, domain name, and other network configuration 361 information. It will set up your configuration files and make 362 the device nodes for the newly-installed system. 363 364 365Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD _VER. When you 366reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. 367There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a 368networked environment, you should create yourself an account and 369protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. 370 371Some of the files in the NetBSD _VER distribution might need to be 372tailored for your site. In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will 373almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc 374including /etc/rc.conf will probably need to be modified, as well. If 375you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's 376recommended that you buy a book that discusses it. 377