1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.232 2003/06/05 12:40:23 scw Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD 17.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its 19.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 20.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 23.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 24.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 25.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 26.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 27.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 28.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 29.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 30.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 31.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 32.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.ig 35 36 The notes that describe the improvements over the last release 37 aren't appropriate for a snapshot, so these are conditional on 38 FOR_RELEASE. 0 == snapshot; 1 == release 39.. 40. 41.tm Processing INSTALL 42. 43.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 44. 45.nr FOR_RELEASE 1 46.nr DOC_XR 1 47.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn26 acorn32 algor alpha amiga amigappc arc atari bebox 48.as MACHINE_LIST " cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast evbarm evbmips evbppc evbsh3 49.as MACHINE_LIST " hp300 hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh i386 luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 50.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 51.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc pc532 playstation2 pmax pmppc prep sandpoint sbmips 52.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k x86_64 53. 54.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 55. 56.Dd September 7, 2002 57.Dt INSTALL 8 58.Os NetBSD 59.Sh NAME 60.Nm INSTALL 61.Nd Installation procedure for 62.Nx*M . 63.Sh CONTENTS 64.Tc 65.Sh DESCRIPTION 66. 67.Ss About this Document 68.Pp 69. 70This document describes the installation procedure for 71.Nx \*V 72on the 73.Em \*M 74platform. 75It is available in four different formats titled 76.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 77where 78.Ar \&.ext 79is one of 80.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 81.No or Pa \&.txt : 82.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 83.It Pa \&.ps 84PostScript. 85.It Pa \&.html 86.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 87.It Pa \&.more 88The enhanced text format used on 89.Ul 90systems by the 91.Xr more 1 92and 93.Xr less 1 94pager utility programs. 95This is the format in which the on-line 96.Em man 97pages are generally presented. 98.It Pa \&.txt 99Plain old 100.Tn ASCII . 101.tag) 102.Pp 103You are reading the 104.Em \*[format] 105version. 106. 107.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc] \{ 108.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 109.Pp 110This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 111install 112.Nx \*V 113on a machine of the \*M architecture. 114.Bl -bullet 115.It 116Fetch the 117.if \n[i386] \{\ 118appropriate pair of boot floppy images from the 119.Pa installation/floppy/ 120directory. 121Most people will need the 122.Pa boot1.fs 123and 124.Pa boot2.fs 125images, or possibly (but not necessarily) 126.Pa bootlap1.fs 127and 128.Pa bootlap2.fs 129if installing on a laptop. 130.\} 131.if \n[macppc] \{\ 132files necessary to boot your system. 133The files depend on what model you 134are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 135For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 136fetch the pair of boot floppy images 137.Pa installation/floppy/boot1.fs 138and 139.Pa installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 140which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 141For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 142bootloader 143.Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf 144and the installation kernel 145.Pa binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 146If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 147.Pa macppccd.iso . 148.\} 149.if \n[sparc] \{\ 150CD image, 151.Pa sparccd.iso 152or the floppy disk images, 153.Pa install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa install/floppy/disk2 . 154You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system. 155.\} 156.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc] \{\ 157Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 158covered below, in detail. 159.\} 160.It 161The actual binary distribution is in the 162.Pa binary/sets/ 163directory. 164When you boot the install 165.if \n[i386] floppies, 166.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 167.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM, 168the installation program 169can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp), 170if you have a network connection. 171There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 172your machine. 173.Pp 174You will at a minimum need 175.ie \n[i386] \{\ 176one of the kernel sets, typically 177.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 178as well as 179.\} 180.el \{\ 181the following sets: 182.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 183.\} 184.Pa base.tgz 185and 186.Pa etc.tgz . 187In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 188all the installation sets. 189.if \n[i386] \{ 190.It 191Write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies. 192If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 193the 194.Ic rawrite.exe 195MS-DOS program 196or the 197.Ic Rawrite32.exe 198Windows32 program (inside 199.Pa rawrite32.zip ) 200in the 201.Pa utilities/ 202directory may be of help. 203.\} 204.if \n[macppc] \{ 205.It 206If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 207.Ic suntar 208(MacOS 9), 209.Ic rawrite 210(Windows), or 211.Ic dd 212(any 213.Ul 214system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 215.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 216to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 217If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 218.\} 219.if \n[sparc] \{ 220.It 221Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 222Burn the CD. 223Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies 224(after uncompressing disk1.gz). 225.\} 226.Pp 227The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 228kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 229.Nx . 230.if \n[macppc] \{\ 231.It 232Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 233.Nx*M 234Model Support webpage. 235.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/models.html 236.Pp 237At present, 238.Nx*M 239cannot exist on the same hard drive as 240.Tn Mac OS 241unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 242Open Firmware versions prior to 3 cannot boot into 243.Nx 244on a drive partitioned in advance \(em you must use the entire disk, 245partitioned with the installation tools. 246Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 247.Nx 248on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 249your disk before running the installer, then select the 250.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 251option in the installer (selecting the 252.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 253or 254.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 255options will render your drive unbootable). 256If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 257.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 258.It 259For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 260Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 261keyboard. 262To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 263.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 264keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 265Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 266part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 267.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 268.Pp 269You should have the Open Firmware 270.Dq Pa "0 \*>" 271prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 272.Nx*M . 273.\} 274.if \n[macppc] \{\ 275.It 276At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 277To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 278.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 279For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 2803), the command is 281.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 282.Pp 283For boot CDs, the command is something like 284.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 285(for Open Firmware 3) or 286.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 287(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 288You will need to use the correct case for 289.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 290depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 291file system. 292You may need to replace 293.Ic cd 294with 295.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , scsi-ext/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 296or some other device alias. 297You should also use the Open Firmware 298.Ic dir 299command to confirm that the 300.Nx*M 301kernel is called 302.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 303You may want to read the section below on 304.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 305.\} 306.if \n[sparc] \{\ 307.It 308You will need to get to the OpenBoot PROM 309.Dq Ic "ok" 310prompt. 311After your system first powers on, and displays some initial information, 312press the 313.Key STOP-A 314keys. 315At the 316.Dq Ic "ok" 317prompt, type the command to boot your system into 318.Nx . 319The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 320your model): 321.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 322.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 323or 324.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 325.Pp 326The command to boot from floppy is either 327.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1) 328or 329.Dq Ic boot floppy . 330The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready 331for it. 332.\} 333.It 334For third-party programs which are not part of the base 335.Nx 336distribution, you will want to explore the 337.Ic pkgsrc 338system with its more than 3000 program packages. 339.El 340.\} 341.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 342.Pp 343. 344The 345.Nx 346Operating System is a fully functional 347.Tn Open Source 348.Ul 349operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley 350Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 351.Nx 352runs on fifty three different system architectures (ports), 353featuring seventeen machine architectures 354across eleven distinct CPU families, 355and is being ported to more. 356The 357.Nx \*V 358release contains complete binary releases for thirty eight different 359system architectures. 360(The fifteen remaining are not fully supported at this time 361and are thus not part of the binary distribution. 362For information on them, please see the 363.Nx 364web site at 365.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/ . ) 366.Pp 367.Nx 368is a completely integrated system. 369In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 370.nh 371.Nx 372features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 373languages, the X Window System, firewall software 374and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 375.Pp 376.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 377.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 378.Nx 379is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 380Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 381possible, it's likely that 382.Nx 383wouldn't exist. 384.Ss Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.6 385If you are not installing your system ``from scratch'' but instead 386are going to upgrade an existing system already running 387.Nx 388you need to know which versions you can upgrade with 389.Nx 1.6 . 390.Pp 391.Nx 1.6 392is an upgrade of 393.Nx 1.5.3 394and earlier major and patch releases of 395.Nx . 396.Pp 397The intermediate development versions of code available on the main trunk 398in our CVS repository (also known as ``NetBSD-current'') from 399.Em after 400the point where the release cycle for 1.6 was started are designated 401by version identifiers such as 1.6A, 1.6B, etc. 402These identifiers do not designate releases, but indicate major changes 403in internal kernel APIs. 404Note that the kernel from 405.Nx 4061.6 can 407.Em not 408be used to upgrade a system running one of those intermediate development 409versions. 410Trying to use the 411.Nx 4121.6 kernel on such a system 413.Em will 414probably result in problems. 415.Pp 416Please also note that it is not possible to do a direct ``version'' 417comparison between any of the intermediate development versions mentioned 418above and 1.6 to determine if a given feature is present or absent 419in 1.6. 420The development of 1.6 and the subsequent ``point'' releases 421is done on a separate branch in the CVS repository. 422The branch was created when the release cycle for 1.6 was started, 423and during the release cycle of 1.6 and its patch releases selected 424fixes and enhancements have been imported from the main development 425trunk. 426.ig 427For example, there may be features in 1.6.1 which were not in 1.6B, 428and vice versa. 429.. 430.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 431.Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 1.5 and 1.6 Releases 432.Pp 433The 434.Nx 1.6 435release 436provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including 437support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, 438new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. 439The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 440production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 441.Pp 442It is impossible to completely summarize over eighteen months of 443development that went into the 444.Nx \*V 445release. 446Some highlights include: 447. 448.Ss2 Kernel 449. 450.(bullet 451Ports to new platforms including: 452algor, 453dreamcast, 454evbarm, 455evbppc, 456hpcarm, 457hpcsh, 458newsmips, 459sandpoint, 460sgimips, 461and 462sun2. 463.It 464Unified Buffer Cache (UBC) removes size restriction of the file system's 465buffer cache to use all available RAM (if not otherwise used!) and 466improves overall system performance. 467.It 468Round-robin page colouring implemented for various ports for better 469cache utilisation, more deterministic run-time behaviour, and faster 470program execution. 471.It 472A rewritten SCSI middle layer to provide a cleaner interface between 473the different kernel layers, including a kernel thread to handle error 474recovery outside of the interrupt context. 475See 476.Xr scsipi 9 . 477.It 478A new pipe implementation with significantly higher performance 479due to lower overheads, which uses the UVM Page Loan facility. 480.if !\n[mac68k] \{\ 481.It 482New boot loader flags 483.Fl v 484.Pq Em bootverbose 485and 486.Fl q 487.Pq Em bootquiet , 488to be used by kernel code to optionally print information during boot. 489.It 490An in-kernel boot time device configuration manager 491.Xr userconf 4 , 492activated with the 493.Fl c 494boot loader flag. 495.\} 496.It 497A work-in-progress snapshot of ACPI support, 498based on the 20010831 snapshot of the Intel ACPICA reference implementation. 499.It 500USB 2.0 support, in the form of a preliminary driver for the 501.Xr ehci 4 502host controller. 503.It 504Basic kernel support for IrDA in the form of the 505.Xr irframe 4 506IrDA frame level driver. 507Serial dongles and the 508.Xr oboe 4 509driver are currently supported. 510.It 511Kernel configuration files can be embedded into the kernel for later 512retrieval. 513Refer to 514.Dv INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE 515in 516.Xr options 4 517for more information. 518.It 519Many more kernel tunable variables added to 520.Xr sysctl 8 . 521.It 522Linux binary emulation has been greatly improved, 523and now supports Linux kernel version 2.4.18. 524.bullet) 525. 526.Ss2 Networking 527. 528.(bullet 529Hardware assisted IPv4 TCP and UDP checksumming and caching of the 530IPv6 TCP pseudo header. 531Support for checksum offloading on the DP83820 Gigabit Ethernet, 3Com 3c90xB, 5323Com 3c90xC, and Alteon Tigon/Tigon2 Gigabit Ethernet cards. 533.It 534Zero-Copy for TCP and UDP transmit path achieved through page 535loaning code for 536.Fn sosend . 537.It 538In-kernel ISDN support, from the ISDN4BSD project. 539.It 540802.1Q VLAN (virtual LAN) support. 541See 542.Xr vlan 4 . 543.It 544IPFilter now supports IPv6 filtering. 545.It 546.Xr ndbootd 8 547added; 548used to netboot 549.Nx Ns /sun2 550machines. 551.It 552.Xr racoon 8 553added; 554IKE key management daemon for IPsec key negotiation, from the KAME project. 555.It 556WEP encryption supported in 557.Xr ifconfig 8 558and 559.Xr awi 4 560driver. 561.It 562.Xr wi 4 563and 564.Xr wiconfig 8 565now support scanning for access points, 566and defaults to BSS instead of ad-hoc mode. 567.It 568Bridging support; currently only for ethernet. 569See 570.Xr bridge 4 . 571.It 572In-kernel PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) - RFC 2516, 573with much lower overhead than user-land PPPoE clients. 574See 575.Xr pppoe 4 . 576.It 577.Xr ifwatchd 8 578added; 579invokes up-script and down-script when a network interface goes up and down. 580Used by 581.Xr pppoe 4 . 582.bullet) 583. 584.Ss2 File system 585. 586.(bullet 587Enhanced stability of LFS version 2, the BSD log-structured file system. 588.It 589.Xr dump 8 , 590.Xr dumpfs 8 , 591.Xr fsck_ffs 8 , 592.Xr fsirand 8 , 593.Xr newfs 8 , 594and 595.Xr tunefs 8 596support a 597.Fl F 598option to manipulate file system images in regular files. 599.It 600.Xr makefs 8 601added; 602creates file system images from a directory tree. 603(Currently ffs only.) 604.It 605Enhanced 606.Fn ffs_dirpref 607by Grigoriy Orlov, which noticeably improves performance on FFS file systems 608when creating directories, and subsequently manipulating them. 609.It 610Fixes for free block tracking and directory block allocation in FFS softdeps. 611.It 612Correctly support FFS file systems with a large number of cylinder groups. 613.It 614Fix the endian independant FFS (FFS_EI) support. 615.It 616.Xr newfs 8 617calculates default block size from the file system size, 618and uses the largest possible cylinders/group (cpg) value if 619.Fl c 620isn't given. 621.It 622.Xr dpti 4 623driver added; 624an implementation of the DPT/Adaptec SCSI/I2O RAID management interface. 625Allows the use of the Linux versions of 626.Ic dptmgr , 627.Ic raidutil , 628.Ic dptelog , 629(etc). 630.It 631Support for 632.Tn "Windows 2000" 633.Sq NTFS 634(NTFS5). 635.It 636Tagged queueing support for SCSI drivers based on the ncr53c9x controller. 637.bullet) 638. 639.Ss2 Security 640. 641.(bullet 642Addition of a 643.Xr chroot 8 644hierarchy for services including 645.Xr named 8 , 646.Xr ntpd 8 , 647and 648.Xr sshd 8 . 649.It 650Additional 651.Xr passwd 5 652ciphers: 653MD5, and 654DES with more encryption rounds. 655See 656.Xr passwd.conf 5 . 657.It 658Several more code audits were performed. 659.It 660.Pa /etc/security 661performs many more checks and is far more flexible in how it monitors 662changes. 663See 664.Xr security.conf 5 . 665. 666.\" XXX: list security advisories here? 667. 668.bullet) 669. 670.Ss2 System administration and user tools 671. 672.(bullet 673.Xr sushi 8 674added; 675a menu based system administration tool. 676.It 677.Xr pgrep 1 678and 679.Xr pkill 1 680added; 681find or signal processes by name or other attributes. 682.It 683System upgrades are made easier through the 684.Xr etcupdate 8 685script which helps updating the 686.Pa /etc 687config files interactively, and the 688.Pa /etc/postinstall 689script which is provided to check for or fix configuration changes 690that have occurred in 691.Nx . 692.It 693.Xr stat 1 694added; 695a user interface to the information returned by the 696.Xr stat 2 697system call. 698.It 699BSD 700.Xr sort 1 701replaces 702GNU 703.Xr sort 1 . 704.It 705The 706.Dq stop 707operation for 708.Xr rc.d 8 709scripts waits until the service terminates before returning. 710This improves the reliability of 711.Dq restart 712operations as well. 713.It 714Swap devices can be removed at system shutdown by enabling 715.Li swapoff 716in 717.Xr rc.conf 5 . 718.It 719An optional watchdog timer which will terminate 720.Xr rc.shutdown 8 721after the number of seconds provided in 722.Li rcshutdown_timeout 723from 724.Xr rc.conf 5 . 725.bullet) 726. 727.Ss2 Miscellaneous 728. 729.(bullet 730Support for multibyte LC_CTYPE locales has been integrated from the 731Citrus project. 732Many Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other encodings are now available. 733.It 734Full support for cross-compilation of the base system, even as a 735non-root user! 736.Pa src/build.sh 737is available for doing arbitrary cross-builds; see 738.Pa src/BUILDING 739for more information. 740At least 38 ports for the 741.Nx \*V 742release were cross-built on a 743.Nx Ns /i386 744system using this mechanism. 745.It 746Migrated the following CPU platforms to ELF: arm, and m68k (including 747amiga, hp300, mac68k, mvme68k, sun2, and x68k). 748.It 749Updates of most third party packages that are shipped in the base 750system to the following latest stable releases: 751.(bullet -compact -offset indent 752amd 6.0.6 753.It 754BIND 8.3.3 755.It 756binutils 2.11.2 757.It 758bzip2 1.0.2 759.It 760cvs 1.11 761.It 762dhcp 3.0.1rc9 763.It 764file 3.38 765.It 766gcc 2.95.3 767.It 768groff 1.16.1 769.It 770Heimdal 0.4e 771.It 772IPfilter 3.4.27 773.It 774kerberos4 1.1 775.It 776ksh from pdksh 5.2.14p2 777.It 778less 374 779.It 780nvi 1.79 781.It 782OpenSSH 3.4 783.It 784OpenSSL 0.9.6g 785.It 786Postfix 1.1.11 787.It 788ppp 2.4.0 789.It 790routed 2.24 791.It 792sendmail 8.11.6 793.It 794tcpdump 3.7.1 795.if \n[i386] \{\ 796.It 797XFree86 4.2.0 (i386 only) 798\} 799.bullet) 800.It 801Many new packages in the 802.Em pkgsrc 803system, including the latest open source desktop KDE3, OpenOffice, 804perl, Apache and many more. 805At the time of writing, there are over 3000 third party packages 806available in pkgsrc. 807.It 808Added AGP GART driver 809.Xr agp 4 810for faster access to graphics boards. 811.It 812.Xr init 8 813will create an mfs (memory based file system) 814.Pa /dev 815if 816.Pa /dev/console 817is missing. 818.It 819.Xr vmstat 8 820displays kernel hash statistics with 821.Fl H 822and 823.Fl h Ar hash . 824.It 825.Xr wscons 4 826supports blanking of VGA consoles. 827.bullet) 828. 829.Pp 830Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems 831and device drivers are shared among the different ports. 832You can look for this trend to continue. 833. 834.Ss2 \*M specific 835.so whatis ----------------------------------------------- 836.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 837. 838.Ss "The Future of NetBSD" 839.Pp 840. 841The 842.Nx 843Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit 844organization. 845Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange 846of computer software, namely the 847.Nx 848Operating 849System. 850The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more 851smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. 852In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties 853that wish to become involved in the 854.Nx 855Project. 856.Pp 857The 858.Nx 859Foundation will help improve the quality of 860.Nx 861by: 862.(bullet 863providing better organization to keep track of development 864efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in 865related fields. 866.It 867providing a framework to receive donations of goods and 868services and to own the resources necessary to run the 869.Nx 870Project. 871.It 872providing a better position from which to undertake 873promotional activities. 874.It 875periodically organizing workshops for developers and other 876interested people to discuss ongoing work. 877.bullet) 878.Pp 879We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. 880Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months. 881.Pp 882We hope to support even 883.Em more 884hardware in the future, and we have a 885rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve 886.Nx . 887.Pp 888We intend to continue our current practice of making the 889NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis. 890.Pp 891We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources 892submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the 893usability of the system. 894.Pp 895Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be 896responsive to the needs and desires of 897.Nx 898users, because it is for 899and because of them that 900.Nx 901exists. 902.br_ne 10P 903. 904.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 905.Pp 906. 907Refer to 908.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html . 909.br_ne 10P 910. 911.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 912.Pp 913. 914The root directory of the 915.Nx \*V 916release is organized as follows: 917.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 918.Pp 919.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 920.(tag README.files 921.It Li CHANGES 922Changes since earlier 923.Nx 924releases. 925.It Li LAST_MINUTE 926Last minute changes. 927.It Li MIRRORS 928A list of sites that mirror the 929.Nx \*V 930distribution. 931.It Li README.files 932README describing the distribution's contents. 933.It Li TODO 934.Nx 's 935todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date). 936.It Pa patches/ 937Post-release source code patches. 938.It Pa source/ 939Source distribution sets; see below. 940.tag) 941.Pp 942In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 943directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 944.Nx \*V 945has a binary distribution. 946There are also 947.Pa README.export-control 948files sprinkled liberally throughout the 949distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the 950distribution that may be subject to 951export regulations of the United States, e.g. 952code under 953.Pa src/crypto 954and 955.Pa src/sys/crypto . 956It is your responsibility 957to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions 958and to act accordingly. 959.Pp 960The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 961.Pa source 962subdirectory of the distribution tree. 963They contain the complete sources to the system. 964The source distribution sets are as follows: 965.(tag sharesrc 966.It Sy gnusrc 967This set contains the 968.Dq gnu 969sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 970and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 971.showsize 55 247 972.It Sy pkgsrc 973This set contains the 974.Dq pkgsrc 975sources, which contain the infrastructure to build third-party packages. 976.showsize 12 94 977.It Sy sharesrc 978This set contains the 979.Dq share 980sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 981with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 982set; the dictionaries; and more. 983.showsize 4 16 984.It Sy src 985This set contains all of the base 986.Nx \*V 987sources which are not in 988.Sy gnusrc , 989.Sy sharesrc , 990or 991.Sy syssrc . 992.showsize 27 136 993.It Sy syssrc 994This set contains the sources to the 995.Nx \*V 996kernel for all architectures; 997.Xr config 8 ; 998and 999.Xr dbsym 8 . 1000.showsize 22 114 1001.It Sy xsrc 1002This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 1003.showsize 78 394 1004.tag) 1005.Pp 1006All the above source sets are located in the 1007.Pa source/sets 1008subdirectory of the distribution tree. 1009.Pp 1010The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 1011Except for the 1012.Sy pkgsrc 1013set, which is traditionally unpacked into 1014.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 1015all sets may be unpacked into 1016.Pa /usr/src 1017with the command: 1018.Dl # Ic "( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) \*< set_name.tgz" 1019.Pp 1020The 1021.Pa sets/Split/ 1022subdirectory contains split 1023versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the 1024source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. 1025The split sets are named 1026.Pa "set_name." Ns Ar xx 1027where 1028.Pa set_name 1029is the distribution set name, and 1030.Ar xx 1031is the sequence number of the file, 1032starting with 1033.Dq aa 1034for the first file in the distribution set, then 1035.Dq ab 1036for the next, and so on. 1037All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly 1038240,640 bytes long. 1039(The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data 1040for that distribution set.) 1041.Pp 1042The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with 1043.Ic cat 1044as follows: 1045.Pp 1046.Dl # Ic "cat set_name.?? | ( cd / ; tar -zxpf - )" 1047.Pp 1048In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 1049files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 1050.(tag SYSVSUM -offset indent 1051.It Li BSDSUM 1052Historic 1053.Bx 1054checksums for the various files 1055in that directory, in the format produced by the command: 1056.br 1057.Ic cksum -o 1 Ar file . 1058.It Li CKSUM 1059.Tn POSIX 1060checksums for the various files in that 1061directory, in the format produced by the command: 1062.br 1063.Ic cksum Ar file . 1064.It Li MD5 1065.Tn MD5 1066digests for the various files in that 1067directory, in the format produced by the command: 1068.br 1069.Ic cksum Fl m Ar file . 1070.It Li SYSVSUM 1071Historic AT\*&T System V 1072.Ux 1073checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by 1074the command: 1075.br 1076.Ic cksum -o 2 Ar file . 1077.tag) 1078.Pp 1079The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX 1080checksum. 1081The other two checksums are provided only to ensure 1082that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity 1083of the release files. 1084.\} 1085.el \{\ 1086.Pp 1087.Pa \&.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/ 1088.(item -compact -offset indent 1089.Pa doc.tar.gz 1090.It 1091.Pa pkgsrc.tar.gz 1092.It 1093.Pa src/*.tar.gz 1094.It 1095.Pa xsrc/*.tar.gz 1096.item) 1097.Pp 1098Other directories provide unpacked source trees for distribution via 1099the source update protocol, for more information see: 1100.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html#sup 1101.\} 1102. 1103. 1104.so ../common/contents ----------------------------------------------- 1105. 1106. 1107.(Note 1108Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 1109own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 1110.Note) 1111.br_ne 7P 1112. 1113.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 1114. 1115.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 1116.br_ne 7P 1117. 1118.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 1119. 1120.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 1121.br_ne 7P 1122. 1123.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 1124. 1125.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 1126.br_ne 7P 1127. 1128.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 1129.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 1130. 1131.so install ----------------------------------------------- 1132.br_ne 7P 1133. 1134.Ss "Post installation steps" 1135. 1136.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 1137.br_ne 7P 1138. 1139.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 1140. 1141.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 1142.br_ne 7P 1143. 1144.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 1145.Pp 1146. 1147Users upgrading from previous versions of 1148.Nx 1149may wish to bear the 1150following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 1151.Nx \*V . 1152. 1153.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.5 1154The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the 1155.Sy etc 1156set into a temporary directory and running 1157.Em postinstall : 1158.(disp 1159mkdir /tmp/upgrade 1160cd /tmp/upgrade 1161pax -zrpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz 1162\&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` check 1163\&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` fix 1164.disp) 1165.Pp 1166Issues fixed by 1167.Em postinstall : 1168.(bullet -offset indent 1169Various files in 1170.Pa /etc 1171need upgrading. 1172These include: 1173.(bullet -compact -offset indent 1174.Pa /etc/defaults/* 1175.It 1176.Pa /etc/mtree/* 1177.It 1178.Pa /etc/daily 1179.It 1180.Pa /etc/weekly 1181.It 1182.Pa /etc/monthly 1183.It 1184.Pa /etc/security 1185.It 1186.Pa /etc/rc.subr 1187.It 1188.Pa /etc/rc 1189.It 1190.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown 1191.It 1192.Pa /etc/rc.d/* 1193.bullet) 1194. 1195.It 1196The following files are now obsolete: 1197.Pa /etc/rc.d/NETWORK 1198and 1199.Pa /etc/rc.d/gated . 1200. 1201.It 1202The following 1203.Xr rc.conf 5 1204entries are now obsolete: 1205.Li amd_master , 1206.Li ip6forwarding , 1207.Li defcorename , 1208and 1209.Li nfsiod_flags . 1210.Li critical_filesystems_beforenet 1211has been replaced by 1212.Li critical_filesystems_local . 1213.Li critical_filesystems 1214has been replaced by 1215.Li critical_filesystems_remote . 1216. 1217.It 1218The users and groups 1219.Sq named , 1220.Sq ntpd , 1221and 1222.Sq sshd 1223need to be created. 1224. 1225.It 1226The configuration files for 1227.Xr ssh 1 1228and 1229.Xr sshd 8 1230were moved from 1231.Pa /etc 1232to 1233.Pa /etc/ssh , 1234including 1235.Pa ssh_known_hosts* 1236files and the 1237host key files 1238.Pa ssh_host*_key* . 1239.Pa /etc/ssh.conf 1240was renamed to 1241.Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_config , 1242and 1243.Pa /etc/sshd.conf 1244was renamed to 1245.Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config . 1246. 1247.It 1248The 1249.Ic mux 1250entries in 1251.Xr wscons.conf 5 1252are now obsolete. 1253.bullet) 1254. 1255.Pp 1256The following issues need to be resolved manually: 1257. 1258.(bullet -offset indent 1259.Xr postfix 8 1260configuration files require upgrading. 1261.(disp 1262cd /usr/share/examples/postfix 1263cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix 1264postfix check 1265.disp) 1266. 1267.It 1268The 1269.Em de 1270ethernet driver was replaced with the 1271.Em tlp 1272driver. 1273This may require the renaming of the files 1274.Pa /etc/ifconfig.de* 1275to 1276.Pa /etc/ifconfig.tlp* , 1277renaming of 1278.Xr rc.conf 5 1279entries 1280.Li ifconfig_de* 1281to 1282.Li ifconfig_tlp* , 1283and the reconfiguration of files such as 1284.Pa /etc/dhclient.conf 1285and 1286.Pa /etc/ipf.conf . 1287. 1288.bullet) 1289. 1290.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior 1291.(bullet 1292.Pa /etc/rc 1293modified to use 1294.Pa /etc/rc.d/* 1295.Pp 1296Prior to 1297.Nx 1.5 , 1298.Pa /etc/rc 1299was a traditional 1300.Bx 1301style monolithic file; each discrete program or substem from 1302.Pa /etc/rc 1303and 1304.Pa /etc/netstart 1305has been moved into separate scripts in 1306.Pa /etc/rc.d/ . 1307.Pp 1308At system startup, 1309.Pa /etc/rc 1310uses 1311.Xr rcorder 8 1312to build a dependency list of the files in 1313.Pa /etc/rc.d 1314and then executes each script in turn with an argument of 1315.Sq start . 1316Many 1317.Pa rc.d 1318scripts won't start unless the appropriate 1319.Xr rc.conf 5 1320entry in 1321.Pa /etc/rc.conf 1322is set to 1323.Sq YES. 1324.Pp 1325At system shutdown, 1326.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown 1327uses 1328.Xr rcorder 8 1329to build a dependency list of the files in 1330.Pa /etc/rc.d 1331that have a 1332.Dq "KEYWORD: shutdown" 1333line, reverses the resulting list, and then executes each script in turn 1334with an argument of 1335.Sq stop . 1336The following scripts support a specific shutdown method: 1337.Pa cron , 1338.Pa inetd , 1339.Pa local , 1340and 1341.Pa xdm . 1342.Pp 1343Local and third-party scripts may be installed into 1344.Pa /etc/rc.d 1345as necessary. 1346Refer to the other scripts in that directory and 1347.Xr rc 8 1348for more information on implementing 1349.Pa rc.d 1350scripts. 1351. 1352.It 1353.Xr named 8 1354leaks version information. 1355.Pp 1356Previous releases of 1357.Nx 1358disabled a feature of 1359.Xr named 8 1360where the version number of the server could be determined by remote clients. 1361This feature has not been disabled in 1362.Nx 1.5 , 1363because there is a 1364.Xr named.conf 5 1365option to change the version string: 1366.(disp 1367 option { 1368 version "newstring"; 1369 }; 1370.disp) 1371. 1372.It 1373.Xr sysctl 8 1374was moved from 1375.Pa /usr/sbin/sysctl 1376to 1377.Pa /sbin/sysctl . 1378If you have hardcoded references to the full pathname 1379.Pq in shell scripts, for example 1380please be sure to update those. 1381. 1382.It 1383.Xr sendmail 8 1384configuration file pathname changed. 1385.Pp 1386Due to 1387.Xr sendmail 8 1388upgrade from 8.9.x to 8.10.x, 1389.Pa /etc/sendmail.cf 1390is moved to 1391.Pa /etc/mail/sendmail.cf . 1392Also, the default 1393.Xr sendmail.cf 5 1394refers different pathnames than before. 1395For example, 1396.Pa /etc/aliases 1397is now located at 1398.Pa /etc/mail/aliases , 1399.Pa /etc/sendmail.cw 1400is now called 1401.Pa /etc/mail/local-host-names , 1402and so forth. 1403If you have customized 1404.Xr sendmail.cf 5 1405and friends, you will need to move the files to the new locations. 1406See 1407.Pa /usr/share/sendmail/README 1408for more information. 1409.bullet) 1410. 1411.Pp 1412. 1413. 1414.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 1415.Pp 1416Documentation is available if you first install the manual 1417distribution set. 1418Traditionally, the 1419.Dq man pages 1420(documentation) are denoted by 1421.Sq Li name(section) . 1422Some examples of this are 1423.Pp 1424.(bullet -compact -offset indent 1425.Xr intro 1 , 1426.It 1427.Xr man 1 , 1428.It 1429.Xr apropros 1 , 1430.It 1431.Xr passwd 1 , 1432and 1433.It 1434.Xr passwd 5 . 1435.bullet) 1436.Pp 1437The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 1438are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 1439are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 1440.Pp 1441.No The Em man 1442command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 1443started by entering 1444.Ic man Op Ar section 1445.Ar topic . 1446The brackets 1447.Op \& 1448around the 1449section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 1450optional. 1451If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 1452lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 1453For instance, after logging in, enter 1454.Pp 1455.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 1456.Pp 1457to read the documentation for 1458.Xr passwd 1 . 1459To view the documentation for 1460.Xr passwd 5 , 1461enter 1462.Pp 1463.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 1464.Pp 1465instead. 1466.Pp 1467If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 1468.Ic apropos Ar subject-word 1469.Pp 1470where 1471.Ar subject-word 1472is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 1473related man pages will be displayed. 1474. 1475.Ss Administrivia 1476.Pp 1477. 1478If you've got something to say, do so! 1479We'd like your input. 1480There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 1481server at 1482.Mt majordomo@netbsd.org . 1483To get help on using the mailing 1484list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will 1485reply with instructions. 1486.Pp 1487There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 1488questions about this release. 1489Please send comments to: 1490.Mt netbsd-comments@netbsd.org . 1491.Pp 1492To report bugs, use the 1493.Xr send-pr 1 1494command shipped with 1495.Nx , 1496and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 1497Good bug reports include lots of details. 1498Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: 1499.Mt netbsd-bugs@netbsd.org . 1500.Pp 1501Use of 1502.Xr send-pr 1 1503is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it 1504are entered into the 1505.Nx 1506bugs database, and thus can't slip through 1507the cracks. 1508.Pp 1509There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 1510each port of 1511.Nx . 1512Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 1513.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/MailingLists/ . 1514If 1515you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 1516port, you probably should contact the 1517.Sq owner 1518of that port (listed 1519below). 1520.Pp 1521If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how 1522you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 1523.Mt netbsd-help@netbsd.org . 1524.Pp 1525As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 1526mailing lists. 1527Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 1528then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, 1529mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. 1530. 1531.Ss Thanks go to 1532. 1533.(bullet 1534The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 1535including (but not limited to): 1536.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 1537Keith Bostic 1538Ralph Campbell 1539Mike Karels 1540Marshall Kirk McKusick 1541.Ed 1542.Pp 1543for their ongoing work on 1544.Bx 1545systems, support, and encouragement. 1546.It 1547Also, our thanks go to: 1548.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 1549Mike Hibler 1550Rick Macklem 1551Jan-Simon Pendry 1552Chris Torek 1553.Ed 1554.Pp 1555for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work 1556they've done. 1557.It 1558UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for 1559sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor. 1560Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and 1561for a long time provided the primary FTP site for 1562.Nx . 1563.It 1564Vixie Enterprises for hosting the 1565.Nx 1566FTP, SUP, and WWW servers. 1567.It 1568Redback Networks, Inc. for hosting the 1569.Nx 1570mail and GNATS server. 1571.It 1572The Helsinki University of Technology in Finland for hosting the 1573.Nx 1574CVS server. 1575.It 1576The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 1577which runs the CVSweb interface to the 1578.Nx 1579source tree. 1580.It 1581The many organisations that provide 1582.Nx 1583mirror sites. 1584.It 1585Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 1586go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 1587who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 1588.It 1589Dave Burgess 1590.Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net 1591has been maintaining the 1592386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be 1593recognized for it. 1594.It 1595The following individuals and organizations (each in alphabetical order) 1596have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 1597.Nx 1598development, and deserve credit for it: 1599.so ../common/donations ----------------------------------------------- 1600(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 1601We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 1602wanted to be listed.) 1603.It 1604Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 1605developing 1606.Nx 1607since its inception in January, 1993. 1608(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 1609If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!) 1610.bullet) 1611. 1612.Ss "We are..." 1613. 1614.Pp 1615(in alphabetical order) 1616.Pp 1617. 1618. 1619.Bl -column xxx "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Mt sommerfeld@netbsd.org newsmips 1620. 1621.br_ne 1i 1622.It-span Em "The NetBSD core group:" 1623.It Ta Ta 1624.It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@netbsd.org 1625.It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@netbsd.org 1626.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@netbsd.org 1627.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@netbsd.org 1628.It Ta Ta 1629. 1630.br_ne 2i 1631.It-span Em "The portmasters (and their ports):" 1632.It Ta Ta 1633.It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@netbsd.org Ta Sy pmppc 1634.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@netbsd.org Ta Sy pmax 1635.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@netbsd.org Ta Sy sbmips 1636.It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@netbsd.org Ta Sy sun3x 1637.It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@netbsd.org Ta Sy sun2 1638.It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@netbsd.org Ta Sy cats 1639.It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@netbsd.org Ta Sy alpha 1640.It Ta "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Ta Mt itojun@netbsd.org Ta Sy sh3 1641.It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@netbsd.org Ta Sy acorn26 1642.It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@netbsd.org Ta Sy sparc64 1643.It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@netbsd.org Ta Sy next68k 1644.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@netbsd.org Ta Sy cobalt 1645.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@netbsd.org Ta Sy sgimips 1646.It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@netbsd.org Ta Sy mipsco 1647.It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@netbsd.org Ta Sy sparc 1648.It Ta "Frank van der Linden" Ta Mt fvdl@netbsd.org Ta Sy i386 1649.It Ta "Frank van der Linden" Ta Mt fvdl@netbsd.org Ta Sy amd64 1650.It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@netbsd.org Ta Sy vax 1651.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@netbsd.org Ta Sy pc532 1652.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@netbsd.org Ta Sy x68k 1653.It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@netbsd.org Ta Sy luna68k 1654.It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@netbsd.org Ta Sy prep 1655.It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@netbsd.org Ta Sy mac68k 1656.It Ta Andrey Petrov Ta Mt petrov@netbsd.org Ta Sy sparc64 1657.It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@netbsd.org Ta Sy bebox 1658.It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@netbsd.org Ta Sy arc 1659.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@netbsd.org Ta Sy ofppc 1660.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@netbsd.org Ta Sy amiga 1661.It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@netbsd.org Ta Sy pmax 1662.It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@netbsd.org Ta Sy hpcmips 1663.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org Ta Sy alpha 1664.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org Ta Sy hp300 1665.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@netbsd.org Ta Sy macppc 1666.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@netbsd.org Ta Sy newsmips 1667.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@netbsd.org Ta Sy news68k 1668.It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@netbsd.org Ta Sy atari 1669.It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@netbsd.org Ta Sy sun3 1670.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@netbsd.org Ta Sy evbsh5 1671.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@netbsd.org Ta Sy mvme68k 1672.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@netbsd.org Ta Sy mvmeppc 1673.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@netbsd.org Ta Sy acorn32 1674.It Ta Ta 1675. 1676.br_ne 1i 1677.It-span Em "The NetBSD \*V Release Engineering team:" 1678.It Ta Ta 1679.It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@netbsd.org 1680.It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@netbsd.org 1681.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@netbsd.org 1682.It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@netbsd.org 1683.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@netbsd.org 1684.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org 1685.It Ta Ta 1686. 1687.br_ne 2i 1688.It-span Em "NetBSD Developers:" 1689.It Ta Ta 1690.It Ta Nathan Ahlstrom Ta Mt nra@netbsd.org 1691.It Ta Steve Allen Ta Mt wormey@netbsd.org 1692.It Ta Julian Assange Ta Mt proff@netbsd.org 1693.It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@netbsd.org 1694.It Ta Christoph Badura Ta Mt bad@netbsd.org 1695.It Ta Bang Jun-Young Ta Mt junyoung@netbsd.org 1696.It Ta Dieter Baron Ta Mt dillo@netbsd.org 1697.It Ta Robert V. Baron Ta Mt rvb@netbsd.org 1698.It Ta Grant Beattie Ta Mt grant@netbsd.org 1699.It Ta Jason Beegan Ta Mt jtb@netbsd.org 1700.It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@netbsd.org 1701.It Ta Hiroyuki Bessho Ta Mt bsh@netbsd.org 1702.It Ta John Birrell Ta Mt jb@netbsd.org 1703.It Ta Mason Loring Bliss Ta Mt mason@netbsd.org 1704.It Ta Rafal Boni Ta Mt rafal@netbsd.org 1705.It Ta Manuel Bouyer Ta Mt bouyer@netbsd.org 1706.It Ta John Brezak Ta Mt brezak@netbsd.org 1707.It Ta Allen Briggs Ta Mt briggs@netbsd.org 1708.It Ta Mark Brinicombe Ta Mt mark@netbsd.org 1709.It Ta Aaron Brown Ta Mt abrown@netbsd.org 1710.It Ta Andrew Brown Ta Mt atatat@netbsd.org 1711.It Ta David Brownlee Ta Mt abs@netbsd.org 1712.It Ta Frederick Bruckman Ta Mt fredb@netbsd.org 1713.It Ta Jon Buller Ta Mt jonb@netbsd.org 1714.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@netbsd.org 1715.It Ta Robert Byrnes Ta Mt byrnes@netbsd.org 1716.It Ta D'Arcy J.M. Cain Ta Mt darcy@netbsd.org 1717.It Ta Dave Carrel Ta Mt carrel@netbsd.org 1718.It Ta Daniel Carosone Ta Mt dan@netbsd.org 1719.It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@netbsd.org 1720.It Ta Bill Coldwell Ta Mt billc@netbsd.org 1721.It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@netbsd.org 1722.It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@netbsd.org 1723.It Ta Chuck Cranor Ta Mt chuck@netbsd.org 1724.It Ta Alistair Crooks Ta Mt agc@netbsd.org 1725.It Ta Aidan Cully Ta Mt aidan@netbsd.org 1726.It Ta Johan Danielsson Ta Mt joda@netbsd.org 1727.It Ta John Darrow Ta Mt jdarrow@netbsd.org 1728.It Ta Matt DeBergalis Ta Mt deberg@netbsd.org 1729.It Ta Rob Deker Ta Mt deker@netbsd.org 1730.It Ta Chris G. Demetriou Ta Mt cgd@netbsd.org 1731.It Ta Tracy Di Marco White Ta Mt gendalia@netbsd.org 1732.It Ta Jarom\('ir Dolecek Ta Mt jdolecek@netbsd.org 1733.It Ta Andy Doran Ta Mt ad@netbsd.org 1734.It Ta Roland Dowdeswell Ta Mt elric@netbsd.org 1735.It Ta Emmanuel Dreyfus Ta Mt manu@netbsd.org 1736.It Ta Matthias Drochner Ta Mt drochner@netbsd.org 1737.It Ta Jun Ebihara Ta Mt jun@netbsd.org 1738.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@netbsd.org 1739.It Ta Stoned Elipot Ta Mt seb@netbsd.org 1740.It Ta Enami Tsugutomo Ta Mt enami@netbsd.org 1741.It Ta Bernd Ernesti Ta Mt veego@netbsd.org 1742.It Ta Erik Fair Ta Mt fair@netbsd.org 1743.It Ta Gavan Fantom Ta Mt gavan@netbsd.org 1744.It Ta Hubert Feyrer Ta Mt hubertf@netbsd.org 1745.It Ta Jason R. Fink Ta Mt jrf@netbsd.org 1746.It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@netbsd.org 1747.It Ta Thorsten Frueauf Ta Mt frueauf@netbsd.org 1748.It Ta Castor Fu Ta Mt castor@netbsd.org 1749.It Ta Ichiro Fukuhara Ta Mt ichiro@netbsd.org 1750.It Ta Thomas Gerner Ta Mt thomas@netbsd.org 1751.It Ta Simon J. Gerraty Ta Mt sjg@netbsd.org 1752.It Ta Justin Gibbs Ta Mt gibbs@netbsd.org 1753.It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@netbsd.org 1754.It Ta Eric Gillespie Ta Mt epg@netbsd.org 1755.It Ta Adam Glass Ta Mt glass@netbsd.org 1756.It Ta Michael Graff Ta Mt explorer@netbsd.org 1757.It Ta Brian C. Grayson Ta Mt bgrayson@netbsd.org 1758.It Ta Matthew Green Ta Mt mrg@netbsd.org 1759.It Ta Andreas Gustafsson Ta Mt gson@netbsd.org 1760.It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@netbsd.org 1761.It Ta Juergen Hannken-Illjes Ta Mt hannken@netbsd.org 1762.It Ta Charles M. Hannum Ta Mt mycroft@netbsd.org 1763.It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@netbsd.org 1764.It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@netbsd.org 1765.It Ta Eric Haszlakiewicz Ta Mt erh@netbsd.org 1766.It Ta John Hawkinson Ta Mt jhawk@netbsd.org 1767.It Ta HAYAKAWA Koichi Ta Mt haya@netbsd.org 1768.It Ta Ren\('e Hexel Ta Mt rh@netbsd.org 1769.It Ta Michael L. Hitch Ta Mt mhitch@netbsd.org 1770.It Ta Christian E. Hopps Ta Mt chopps@netbsd.org 1771.It Ta Ken Hornstein Ta Mt kenh@netbsd.org 1772.It Ta Marc Horowitz Ta Mt marc@netbsd.org 1773.It Ta Eduardo Horvath Ta Mt eeh@netbsd.org 1774.It Ta Nick Hudson Ta Mt skrll@netbsd.org 1775.It Ta Shell Hung Ta Mt shell@netbsd.org 1776.It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@netbsd.org 1777.It Ta Dean Huxley Ta Mt dean@netbsd.org 1778.It Ta Love H\(:ornquist \(oAstrand Ta Mt lha@netbsd.org 1779.It Ta Bernardo Innocenti Ta Mt bernie@netbsd.org 1780.It Ta Tetsuya Isaki Ta Mt isaki@netbsd.org 1781.It Ta ITOH Yasufumi Ta Mt itohy@netbsd.org 1782.It Ta IWAMOTO Toshihiro Ta Mt toshii@netbsd.org 1783.It Ta Matthew Jacob Ta Mt mjacob@netbsd.org 1784.It Ta Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj Ta Mt lonhyn@netbsd.org 1785.It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@netbsd.org 1786.It Ta Chris Jones Ta Mt cjones@netbsd.org 1787.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@netbsd.org 1788.It Ta Takahiro Kambe Ta Mt taca@netbsd.org 1789.It Ta Antti Kantee Ta Mt pooka@netbsd.org 1790.It Ta Masanori Kanaoka Ta Mt kanaoka@netbsd.org 1791.It Ta Mattias Karlsson Ta Mt keihan@netbsd.org 1792.It Ta KAWAMOTO Yosihisa Ta Mt kawamoto@netbsd.org 1793.It Ta Mario Kemper Ta Mt magick@netbsd.org 1794.It Ta Thomas Klausner Ta Mt wiz@netbsd.org 1795.It Ta Klaus Klein Ta Mt kleink@netbsd.org 1796.It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@netbsd.org 1797.It Ta Takayoshi Kochi Ta Mt kochi@netbsd.org 1798.It Ta John Kohl Ta Mt jtk@netbsd.org 1799.It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@netbsd.org 1800.It Ta Martti Kuparinen Ta Mt martti@netbsd.org 1801.It Ta Kevin Lahey Ta Mt kml@netbsd.org 1802.It Ta Johnny C. Lam Ta Mt jlam@netbsd.org 1803.It Ta Martin J. Laubach Ta Mt mjl@netbsd.org 1804.It Ta Ted Lemon Ta Mt mellon@netbsd.org 1805.It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@netbsd.org 1806.It Ta Joel Lindholm Ta Mt joel@netbsd.org 1807.It Ta Mike Long Ta Mt mikel@netbsd.org 1808.It Ta Warner Losh Ta Mt imp@netbsd.org 1809.It Ta Tomasz Luchowski Ta Mt zuntum@netbsd.org 1810.It Ta Federico Lupi Ta Mt federico@netbsd.org 1811.It Ta Brett Lymn Ta Mt blymn@netbsd.org 1812.It Ta Paul Mackerras Ta Mt paulus@netbsd.org 1813.It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@netbsd.org 1814.It Ta MAEKAWA Masahide Ta Mt gehenna@netbsd.org 1815.It Ta David Maxwell Ta Mt david@netbsd.org 1816.It Ta Dan McMahill Ta Mt dmcmahill@netbsd.org 1817.It Ta Gregory McGarry Ta Mt gmcgarry@netbsd.org 1818.It Ta Jared D. McNeill Ta Mt jmcneill@netbsd.org 1819.It Ta Neil J. McRae Ta Mt neil@netbsd.org 1820.It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@netbsd.org 1821.It Ta Julio M. Merino Vidal Ta Mt jmmv@netbsd.org 1822.It Ta Minoura Makoto Ta Mt minoura@netbsd.org 1823.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@netbsd.org 1824.It Ta der Mouse Ta Mt mouse@netbsd.org 1825.It Ta Joseph Myers Ta Mt jsm@netbsd.org 1826.It Ta Ken Nakata Ta Mt kenn@netbsd.org 1827.It Ta Takeshi Nakayama Ta Mt nakayama@netbsd.org 1828.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@netbsd.org 1829.It Ta Bob Nestor Ta Mt rnestor@netbsd.org 1830.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@netbsd.org 1831.It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@netbsd.org 1832.It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@netbsd.org 1833.It Ta Jesse Off Ta Mt joff@netbsd.org 1834.It Ta Tatoku Ogaito Ta Mt tacha@netbsd.org 1835.It Ta OKANO Takayoshi Ta Mt kano@netbsd.org 1836.It Ta Masaru Oki Ta Mt oki@netbsd.org 1837.It Ta Atsushi Onoe Ta Mt onoe@netbsd.org 1838.It Ta Greg Oster Ta Mt oster@netbsd.org 1839.It Ta Herb Peyerl Ta Mt hpeyerl@netbsd.org 1840.It Ta Matthias Pfaller Ta Mt matthias@netbsd.org 1841.It Ta Chris Pinnock Ta Mt cjep@netbsd.org 1842.It Ta Dante Profeta Ta Mt dante@netbsd.org 1843.It Ta Chris Provenzano Ta Mt proven@netbsd.org 1844.It Ta Niels Provos Ta Mt provos@netbsd.org 1845.It Ta Michael Rauch Ta Mt mrauch@netbsd.org 1846.It Ta Darren Reed Ta Mt darrenr@netbsd.org 1847.It Ta Tyler R. Retzlaff Ta Mt rtr@netbsd.org 1848.It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@netbsd.org 1849.It Ta Michael Richardson Ta Mt mcr@netbsd.org 1850.It Ta Tim Rightnour Ta Mt garbled@netbsd.org 1851.It Ta Gordon Ross Ta Mt gwr@netbsd.org 1852.It Ta Ilpo Ruotsalainen Ta Mt lonewolf@netbsd.org 1853.It Ta Heiko W. Rupp Ta Mt hwr@netbsd.org 1854.It Ta David Sainty Ta Mt dsainty@netbsd.org 1855.It Ta SAITOH Masanobu Ta Mt msaitoh@netbsd.org 1856.It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@netbsd.org 1857.It Ta Curt Sampson Ta Mt cjs@netbsd.org 1858.It Ta Wilfredo Sanchez Ta Mt wsanchez@netbsd.org 1859.It Ta Ty Sarna Ta Mt tsarna@netbsd.org 1860.It Ta SATO Kazumi Ta Mt sato@netbsd.org 1861.It Ta Jan Schaumann Ta Mt jschauma@netbsd.org 1862.It Ta Matthias Scheler Ta Mt tron@netbsd.org 1863.It Ta Karl Schilke (rAT) Ta Mt rat@netbsd.org 1864.It Ta Amitai Schlair Ta Mt schmonz@netbsd.org 1865.It Ta Konrad Schroder Ta Mt perseant@netbsd.org 1866.It Ta Lubomir Sedlacik Ta Mt salo@netbsd.org 1867.It Ta Reed Shadgett Ta Mt dent@netbsd.org 1868.It Ta Tim Shepard Ta Mt shep@netbsd.org 1869.It Ta Takeshi Shibagaki Ta Mt shiba@netbsd.org 1870.It Ta Takao Shinohara Ta Mt shin@netbsd.org 1871.It Ta Takuya SHIOZAKI Ta Mt tshiozak@netbsd.org 1872.It Ta Chuck Silvers Ta Mt chs@netbsd.org 1873.It Ta Thor Lancelot Simon Ta Mt tls@netbsd.org 1874.It Ta Jeff Smith Ta Mt jeffs@netbsd.org 1875.It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@netbsd.org 1876.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@netbsd.org 1877.It Ta SOMEYA Yoshihiko Ta Mt someya@netbsd.org 1878.It Ta Bill Sommerfeld Ta Mt sommerfeld@netbsd.org 1879.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@netbsd.org 1880.It Ta Bill Squier Ta Mt groo@netbsd.org 1881.It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@netbsd.org 1882.It Ta Bill Studenmund Ta Mt wrstuden@netbsd.org 1883.It Ta Kevin Sullivan Ta Mt sullivan@netbsd.org 1884.It Ta SUNAGAWA Keiki Ta Mt kei@netbsd.org 1885.It Ta Kimmo Suominen Ta Mt kim@netbsd.org 1886.It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@netbsd.org 1887.It Ta TAMURA Kent Ta Mt kent@netbsd.org 1888.It Ta Shin'ichiro TAYA Ta Mt taya@netbsd.org 1889.It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@netbsd.org 1890.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org 1891.It Ta Christoph Toshok Ta Mt toshok@netbsd.org 1892.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@netbsd.org 1893.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@netbsd.org 1894.It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi Ta Mt uch@netbsd.org 1895.It Ta Masao Uebayashi Ta Mt uebayasi@netbsd.org 1896.It Ta Shuichiro URATA Ta Mt ur@netbsd.org 1897.It Ta Todd Vierling Ta Mt tv@netbsd.org 1898.It Ta Aymeric Vincent Ta Mt aymeric@netbsd.org 1899.It Ta Paul Vixie Ta Mt vixie@netbsd.org 1900.It Ta Krister Walfridsson Ta Mt kristerw@netbsd.org 1901.It Ta Lex Wennmacher Ta Mt wennmach@netbsd.org 1902.It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@netbsd.org 1903.It Ta Assar Westerlund Ta Mt assar@netbsd.org 1904.It Ta Todd Whitesel Ta Mt toddpw@netbsd.org 1905.It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@netbsd.org 1906.It Ta Rob Windsor Ta Mt windsor@netbsd.org 1907.It Ta Dan Winship Ta Mt danw@netbsd.org 1908.It Ta Jim Wise Ta Mt jwise@netbsd.org 1909.It Ta Michael Wolfson Ta Mt mbw@netbsd.org 1910.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@netbsd.org 1911.It Ta Colin Wood Ta Mt ender@netbsd.org 1912.It Ta YAMAMOTO Takashi Ta Mt yamt@netbsd.org 1913.It Ta Yuji Yamano Ta Mt yyamano@netbsd.org 1914.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@netbsd.org 1915.It Ta Maria Zevenhoven Ta Mt maria7@netbsd.org 1916.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@netbsd.org 1917.It Ta Ta 1918. 1919.br_ne 2i 1920.It-span Em "Other contributors:" 1921.It Ta Ta 1922.It Ta Dave Burgess Ta Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net 1923.It Ta Brian R. Gaeke Ta Mt brg@dgate.org 1924.It Ta Brad Grantham Ta Mt grantham@tenon.com 1925.It Ta Lawrence Kesteloot Ta Mt kesteloo@cs.unc.edu 1926.It Ta Waldi Ravens Ta Mt waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net 1927. 1928.El 1929. 1930.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 1931.Pp 1932. 1933All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 1934trademarks of their respective owners. 1935.Pp 1936The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 1937the software that we have mentioned in this document: 1938.Pp 1939.nr save_size \n[.s] 1940.nr save_vs \n[.v] 1941.ps 8 1942.vs 9 1943.Ht <font size=-1> 1944.(item -compact 1945.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 1946.so legal ----------------------------------------------- 1947.item) 1948.Ht </font> 1949.ps 1950.vs 1951.Ss "The End" 1952