1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.570 2022/12/16 16:58:14 martin Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.ig 28 29 To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes 30 and type "make". This will create 31 src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*. 32 33 We keep most of the notes the same on HEAD and release branches, 34 but some of this are not appropriate for HEAD/current. Also 35 some locations differ for actual release, so we distinguish 36 between: 37 38 RELEASE_BRANCH == 1 39 this is on a release branch (not -current) 40 RELEASE_BRANCH == 0 41 this is current, not yet branched 42 FOR_RELEASE == 1 43 this is an official release (will be signed and placed 44 on ftp/cdn) 45 FOR_RELEASE == 0 46 this is a local build or a "daily" build on the build 47 cluster 48.. 49. 50.tm Processing INSTALL 51. 52.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 53. 54.nr oldvers ( \n[major] - 1 ) 55.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 56.ds RELEASE_URL https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V 57.\} 58.el \{\ 59.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 60.ds ftppath netbsd-\n[major] 61.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 62.el .ds ftppath HEAD 63.ds RELEASE_URL https://nycdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/\*[ftppath]/latest 64.\} \" !\n[FOR_RELEASE] 65.nr DOC_XR 1 66.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari 67.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips 68.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh 69.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 70.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 71.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips 72.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus . 73.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 74. 75.\" Override <title> for HTML output 76.if rHTML .ds title-section Installation procedure for NetBSD/\*M \*V 77.Dd \*[cur_date] 78.Dt INSTALL 8 79.Os NetBSD/\*M \*V 80.Sh NAME 81.Nm INSTALL 82.Nd Installation procedure for 83.Nx*M . 84.Sh CONTENTS 85.Tc 86.Sh DESCRIPTION 87. 88.Ss About this Document 89.Pp 90. 91This document describes the installation procedure for 92.Nx 93\*V on the 94.Em \*M 95platform. 96It is available in four different formats titled 97.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 98where 99.Ar \&.ext 100is one of 101.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 102.No or Pa \&.txt : 103.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 104.It Pa \&.ps 105PostScript. 106.It Pa \&.html 107.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 108.It Pa \&.more 109The enhanced text format used on 110.Ul 111systems by the 112.Xr more 1 113and 114.Xr less 1 115pager utility programs. 116This is the format in which the on-line 117.Em man 118pages are generally presented. 119.It Pa \&.txt 120Plain old 121.Tn ASCII . 122.tag) 123.Pp 124You are reading the 125.Em \*[format] 126version. 127. 128.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\ 129.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 130.Pp 131This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 132install 133.Nx 134\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. 135.Bl -bullet 136.It 137Fetch files needed to install 138.Nx . 139.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 140.Pp 141Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the 142full distribution. 143.Pp 144These can be found 145on an FTP site near you, usually located in the 146.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/ 147directory. 148Check the list of 149.Nx 150.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors mirrors 151for details. 152.Pp 153Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from 154.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ . 155.Pp 156These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. 157They are intended for network installs or system repair. 158.Pa boot.iso 159is for VGA console installation, and 160.Pa boot-com.iso 161is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 162.Pp 163.\} \" amd64:i386 164.if \n[i386] \{\ 165Option 3: boot floppy images from 166.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ . 167.Pp 168.Pa boot1.fs 169and 170.Pa boot2.fs 171are floppy images for VGA console installation. 172.Pa boot-com1.fs 173and 174.Pa boot-com2.fs 175are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 176.\} \" i386 177.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 178.It 179The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. 180This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI 181implementations. 182.Pp 183To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the 184.Nx 185boot prompt. 186Type 187.Ic boot -2 188to boot with ACPI disabled. 189.\} \" amd64:i386 190.if \n[macppc] \{\ 191The files depend on which model you 192are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 193For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 194fetch the pair of boot floppy images 195.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs 196and 197.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 198which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 199For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 200bootloader 201.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf 202and the installation kernel 203.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 204If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 205.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso . 206.\} 207.if \n[sparc] \{\ 208Fetch a CD image, 209.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso . 210You need the CD to boot your system. 211.\} 212.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 213This is either a CD image 214.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso 215which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader 216.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot 217which can be booted from a 218.Tn Solaris 219or 220.Nx 221partition. 222.\} 223.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 224Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 225covered below, in detail. 226.\} 227.It 228The actual binary distribution is in the 229.Pa \*M/binary/sets/ 230directory. 231When you boot the install 232.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM, 233.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies, 234.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 235.if \n[sparc] CD-ROM, 236.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, 237the installation program 238can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) 239if you have a network connection. 240There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 241your machine. 242.Pp 243You will at a minimum need 244.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 245one of the kernel sets, typically 246.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 247as well as 248.\} 249.el \{\ 250the following sets: 251.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 252.\} 253.Pa base.\*[setsuffix] 254and 255.Pa etc.\*[setsuffix] . 256In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 257all the installation sets. 258.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 259.It 260Write the boot images 261.Pp 262Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. 263.Pp 264If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which 265is gzipped. 266.if \n[amd64] \{\ 267Note the \*M architecture has two images, NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz 268and NetBSD-\*V-\*M-bios-install.img.gz. The latter is intended for older 269hardware which is unable to boot using a hybrid MBR and GPT image. 270.\} 271.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz" 272Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. 273Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you 274specify, so double check the device before running! 275On 276.Ul 277operating systems, use a command similar to the following, 278replacing 279.Pa /dev/rsd0d 280with the appropriate device for your system: 281.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k" 282On Windows, you will need to use a program such as 283.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ "Win32 Disk Imager" , 284or 285.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 Rawrite32 . 286If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 287the 288.Ic rawrite.exe 289MS-DOS program 290in the 291.Pa \*M/installation/misc/ 292directory may be of help. 293.\} 294.if \n[macppc] \{\ 295.It 296If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 297.Ic suntar 298(MacOS 9), 299.Ic rawrite 300(Windows), or 301.Ic dd 302(any 303.Ul 304system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 305.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 306to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 307If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 308.\} 309.if \n[sparc] \{\ 310.It 311Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 312Burn the CD. 313.\} 314.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 315.It 316Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 317at the root level of a bootable 318.Tn Solaris 319or 320.Nx 321partition. 322.\} 323.Pp 324The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 325kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 326.Nx . 327.if \n[macppc] \{\ 328.It 329Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 330.Nx*M 331.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html "Model Support webpage" . 332.Pp 333At present, 334.Nx*M 335cannot exist on the same hard drive as 336.Tn Mac OS 337unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 338Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated 339.Nx 340drive \(em you must use the entire disk, 341partitioned with the installation tools. 342Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 343.Nx 344on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 345your disk before running the installer, then select the 346.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 347option in the installer (selecting the 348.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 349or 350.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 351options will render your drive unbootable). 352If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 353.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 354.It 355For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 356Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 357keyboard. 358To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 359.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 360keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 361Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 362part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 363.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 364.Pp 365You should have the Open Firmware 366.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]" 367prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 368.Nx*M . 369.\} 370.if \n[macppc] \{\ 371.It 372At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 373To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 374.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 375For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3763), the command is 377.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 378.Pp 379For boot CDs, the command is something like 380.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 381(for Open Firmware 3) or 382.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 383(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 384You will need to use the correct case for 385.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 386depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 387file system. 388You may need to replace 389.Ic cd 390with 391.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 392or some other device alias. 393You should also use the Open Firmware 394.Ic dir 395command to confirm that the 396.Nx*M 397kernel is called 398.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 399You may want to read the section below on 400.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 401.\} 402.if \n[macppc] \{\ 403.It 404.Pp 405PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies 406.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs 407and 408.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs , 409a different kernel set 410.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.\*[setsuffix] , 411and a different install kernel 412.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz . 413The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify 414the 601 kernel, i.e., replace 415.Ic netbsd.macppc 416with 417.Ic netbsd.601 418. 419.\} 420.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 421.It 422You will need to get to the 423.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM 424.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware 425.Dq Ic "ok" 426prompt. 427After your system first powers on and displays some initial information, 428press the 429.Key STOP-A 430keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. 431At the 432.Dq Ic "ok" 433prompt, type the command to boot your system into 434.Nx . 435.\} 436.if \n[sparc] \{\ 437The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 438your model): 439.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 440.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 441or 442.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 443.\} 444.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 445The command to boot from CD is: 446.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 447The command to boot the 448.Nx 449kernel from a 450.Tn Solaris 451or 452.Nx 453partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. 454To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: 455.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . 456When it asks you for a kernel, specify 457.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" 458.\} 459.It 460For third-party programs which are not part of the base 461.Nx 462distribution, you will want to explore the 463.Ic pkgsrc 464package management system, which contains thousands of third-party software 465applications. 466.El 467.\} 468.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 469.Pp 470. 471The 472.Nx 473Operating System is a fully functional open-source operating system derived 474from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4754.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 476.Nx 477runs on many different different system architectures (ports) 478across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. 479The 480.Nx 481\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these 482system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in 483source form. 484Please see the 485.Nx 486.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ website 487for information on them. 488.Pp 489.Nx 490is a completely integrated system. 491In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 492.nh 493.Nx 494features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 495languages, the X Window System, firewall software 496and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 497.Pp 498.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 499.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 500.Nx 501is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 502Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 503possible, 504.Nx 505would not exist. 506. 507.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] \ 508and \n[major] Releases 509.el .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] and \ 510\n[major] Releases, and newer 511.Pp 512The 513.Nx 514\*V release 515provides many significant changes, including support for many new 516devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and 517numerous userland enhancements. 518The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 519production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 520.Pp 521.if !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ \ 522Please note that this build is a development snapshot, not a formal release. 523You are testing the bleeding edge of 524.Nx 525development, and no formal or informal testing may have been done for 526this snapshot (yet). 527.Pp 528.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ 529One important new feature in this release is the support for extended 530attributes and access controll lists on FFS file systems. 531.Pp 532For new installations the installer will default to disable this features, 533so the file system is compatible with older 534.Nx 535releases (before 10), and allow other operating systems to mount this 536file systems at least in read-only mode. 537.Pp 538If you want a new installed file system to support extended attributes, 539change the file system type from 540.Dq FFSv2 541to 542.Dq FFSv2ea 543in the partitioning menu. 544You can also convert file systems later, using the 545.Xr fsck_ffs 8 546utility. 547More details are available in 548.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/tutorials/acls_and_extended_attributes_on_ffs "this guide" . 549.Pp 550If you are upgrading from a version of 551.Nx -current 552please also check the 553.Sx "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" . 554.PP 555It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that 556went into the 557.Nx 558\*V release. 559.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 560The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 561.br 562.Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES" CHANGES 563.de showdotchanges 564. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 565. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 566. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 567. br 568. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\\$1" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1" 569.. 570.showdotchanges \n[minor] 571.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 572. br 573. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\n[nextminor]" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]" 574.\} 575.br 576files in the top level directory of the NetBSD \n[major].\n[minor] release tree. 577.Pp 578. 579.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 580.el \{\ 581The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 582.br 583.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES CHANGES 584.br 585.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES.prev CHANGES.prev 586.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 587. 588.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release" 589The following features are to be removed from 590.Nx 591in the future: 592.Bl -bullet -offset indent 593.It 594.Xr groff 1 . 595Man pages are now handled with 596.Xr mandoc 1 , 597and 598.Xr groff 1 599can still be found in pkgsrc as 600.Pa textproc/groff . 601.It 602.Xr pf 4 . 603This packet filter is obsolete and unmaintained in 604.Nx . 605It will be eventually removed due to possible long-standing 606security issues and lack of multiprocessor support. 607New installations should use 608.Xr npf 7 . 609.El 610.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation" 611.Pp 612. 613The 614.Nx 615Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation 616that devotes itself to the traditional goals and spirit of the 617.Nx 618Project and owns the trademark of the word 619.Dq NetBSD . 620It supports the design, development, and adoption of 621.Nx 622worldwide. 623More information on the 624.Nx 625Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: 626.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ 627.br_ne 10P 628. 629.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 630.Pp 631. 632Refer to 633.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ mirrors 634.br_ne 10P 635. 636.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 637.Pp 638. 639The root directory of the 640.Nx 641\*V release is organized as follows: 642.Pp 643.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 644.(tag README.files 645.It Li CHANGES 646.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] Changes between the \n[oldvers].0 and \ 647\n[major].0 releases. 648.el Changes after the netbsd-\n[major] branch. 649.if \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 650.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].0 651Changes between the initial \n[major].0 branch and final release of \n[major].0. 652.de showdotchanges 653. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 654. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 655. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 656. It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1 657Changes between the \n[major].\\n[ominor] and the \n[major].\\$1 release. 658.. 659.if \n[minor] .showdotchanges \n[minor] 660.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 661.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor] 662Changes after the release of \n[major].\n[minor]. 663.\} \" \n[nextminor] > \n[minor] 664.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 665.It Li CHANGES.prev 666Changes in previous 667.Nx 668releases. 669.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 670.It Li LAST_MINUTE 671Last minute changes and notes about the release. 672.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 673.It Li README.files 674README describing the distribution's contents. 675.It Pa images/ 676Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. 677Depending on your system, these may be bootable. 678.It Pa source/ 679Source distribution sets; see below. 680.tag) 681.Pp 682In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 683directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 684.Nx 685\*V has a binary distribution. 686.Pp 687The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 688.Pa source 689subdirectory of the distribution tree. 690They contain the complete sources to the system. 691The source distribution sets are as follows: 692.(tag sharesrc 693.It Sy gnusrc 694This set contains the 695.Dq gnu 696sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 697and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 698.It Sy sharesrc 699This set contains the 700.Dq share 701sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 702with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 703set; the dictionaries; and more. 704.It Sy src 705This set contains all of the base 706.Nx 707\*V sources which are not in 708.Sy gnusrc , 709.Sy sharesrc , 710or 711.Sy syssrc . 712.It Sy syssrc 713This set contains the sources to the 714.Nx 715\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the 716.Xr config 1 717utility. 718.It Sy xsrc 719This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 720.tag) 721.Pp 722All the above source sets are located in the 723.Pa source/sets 724subdirectory of the distribution tree. 725.Pp 726The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 727Except for the 728.Sy pkgsrc 729set, which is traditionally unpacked into 730.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 731all sets may be unpacked into 732.Pa /usr/src 733with the command: 734.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.\*[setsuffix]" 735.Pp 736In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 737files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 738.(tag SHA512 -offset indent 739.It Li MD5 740.Tn MD5 741digests in the format produced by the command: 742.br 743.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file . 744.It Li SHA512 745.Tn SHA512 746digests in the format produced by the command: 747.br 748.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file . 749.tag) 750.Pp 751The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider 752range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. 753. 754.so contents ----------------------------------------------- 755. 756. 757.(Note 758Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 759own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 760.Note) 761.br_ne 7P 762. 763.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 764. 765.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 766.br_ne 7P 767. 768.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 769. 770.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 771.br_ne 7P 772. 773.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 774. 775.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 776.br_ne 7P 777. 778.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 779.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 780. 781.so install ----------------------------------------------- 782.br_ne 7P 783. 784.Ss "Post installation steps" 785. 786.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 787.br_ne 7P 788. 789.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 790. 791.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 792.br_ne 7P 793. 794.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 795.Pp 796. 797Users upgrading from previous versions of 798.Nx 799may wish to bear the 800following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 801.Nx 802\*V. 803.Pp 804Note that 805.Ic sysinst 806will automatically invoke 807.(disp 808postinstall fix 809.disp) 810and thus all issues that are fixed by 811.Ic postinstall 812by default will be handled. 813.Pp 814If you have ever run a version of 815.Nx -current 816between April 18, 2020 and September 23, 2022 (the version numbers 817used in the affected time range are between 9.99.56 and 9.99.106) 818your FFS file systems might have broken extended attributes stored. 819.Pp 820You should follow this 821.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/features/UFS2ea/ guide 822before booting the updated system multi-user for the first time. 823.Pp 824.Em Note that you do not need to do anything special if you never did run any affected kernel, 825especially if you have never run 826.Nx -current . 827.Pp 828A number of things have been removed from the 829.Nx 830\*V release. 831See the 832.Dq Components removed from NetBSD 833section near the beginning of this document for a list. 834.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 835.Pp 836Documentation is available if you installed the manual 837distribution set. 838Traditionally, the 839.Dq man pages 840(documentation) are denoted by 841.Sq Li name(section) . 842Some examples of this are 843.Pp 844.(bullet -compact -offset indent 845.Xr intro 1 , 846.It 847.Xr man 1 , 848.It 849.Xr apropos 1 , 850.It 851.Xr passwd 1 , 852and 853.It 854.Xr passwd 5 . 855.bullet) 856.Pp 857The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 858are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 859are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 860.Pp 861.No The Em man 862command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 863started by entering 864.Ic man 865.Op Ar section 866.Ar topic . 867The brackets 868.Op \& 869around the 870section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 871optional. 872If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 873lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 874For instance, after logging in, enter 875.Pp 876.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 877.Pp 878to read the documentation for 879.Xr passwd 1 . 880To view the documentation for 881.Xr passwd 5 , 882enter 883.Pp 884.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 885.Pp 886instead. 887.Pp 888If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 889.Pp 890.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word 891.Pp 892where 893.Ar subject-word 894is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 895related man pages will be displayed. 896. 897.Ss Administrivia 898.Pp 899. 900If you've got something to say, do so! 901We'd like your input. 902There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 903server at 904.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . 905See 906.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 907for details. 908.Pp 909There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 910questions about this release. 911Please send comments to: 912.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . 913.Pp 914To report bugs, use the 915.Xr send-pr 1 916command shipped with 917.Nx , 918and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 919Good bug reports include lots of details. 920.Pp 921Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at 922.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html 923.Pp 924There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 925each port of 926.Nx . 927Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 928.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 929.Pp 930If 931you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 932port, you probably should contact the 933.Sq owner 934of that port (listed 935below). 936.Pp 937If you'd like to help with 938.Nx , 939and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 940.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org . 941.Pp 942As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 943mailing lists. 944Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 945then mail the appropriate list about it. 946If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to 947those who want it. 948. 949.Ss Thanks go to 950. 951.(bullet 952The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 953including (but not limited to): 954.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 955Keith Bostic 956Ralph Campbell 957Mike Karels 958Marshall Kirk McKusick 959.Ed 960.Pp 961for their work on 962.Bx 963systems, support, and encouragement. 964.It 965The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the 966.Nx 967FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. 968.It 969The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 970which runs the CVSweb interface to the 971.Nx 972source tree. 973.It 974The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting 975the build cluster. 976.It 977The many organizations that provide 978.Nx 979mirror sites. 980.It 981Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 982go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 983who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 984.It 985We list the individuals and organizations 986that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 987.Nx 988development, and deserve credit for it at 989.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ 990(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 991We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 992wanted to be listed.) 993.It 994Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 995developing 996.Nx 997since its inception in January, 1993. 998(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 999If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) 1000.bullet) 1001. 1002.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 1003.Pp 1004. 1005All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 1006trademarks of their respective owners. 1007.Pp 1008The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 1009the software that we have mentioned in this document: 1010.Pp 1011.nr save_size \n[.s] 1012.nr save_vs \n[.v] 1013.ps 8 1014.vs 9 1015.Ht <font size=-1> 1016.(item -compact 1017.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 1018.item) 1019.Ht </font> 1020.ps 1021.vs 1022.Ss "The End" 1023