1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.548 2018/06/29 12:34:13 roy Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.ig 28 29 To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes 30 and type "make". This will create 31 src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*. 32 33 The notes that describe the improvements over the last release 34 aren't appropriate for a snapshot, so these are conditional on 35 FOR_RELEASE. 0 == snapshot; 1 == release 36.. 37. 38.tm Processing INSTALL 39. 40.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 41. 42.nr FOR_RELEASE 1 43.nr DOC_XR 1 44.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari 45.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips 46.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh 47.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 48.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 49.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips 50.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k xen zaurus . 51.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 52. 53.Dd May 9, 2015 54.Dt INSTALL 8 55.Os NetBSD 56.Sh NAME 57.Nm INSTALL 58.Nd Installation procedure for 59.Nx*M . 60.Sh CONTENTS 61.Tc 62.Sh DESCRIPTION 63. 64.Ss About this Document 65.Pp 66. 67This document describes the installation procedure for 68.Nx 69\*V on the 70.Em \*M 71platform. 72It is available in four different formats titled 73.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 74where 75.Ar \&.ext 76is one of 77.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 78.No or Pa \&.txt : 79.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 80.It Pa \&.ps 81PostScript. 82.It Pa \&.html 83.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 84.It Pa \&.more 85The enhanced text format used on 86.Ul 87systems by the 88.Xr more 1 89and 90.Xr less 1 91pager utility programs. 92This is the format in which the on-line 93.Em man 94pages are generally presented. 95.It Pa \&.txt 96Plain old 97.Tn ASCII . 98.tag) 99.Pp 100You are reading the 101.Em \*[format] 102version. 103. 104.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\ 105.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 106.Pp 107This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 108install 109.Nx 110\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. 111.Bl -bullet 112.It 113Fetch files needed to install 114.Nx . 115.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 116.Pp 117Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the 118full distribution. 119.Pp 120These can be found 121on an FTP site near you, usually located in the 122.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/ 123directory. 124Check the list of 125.Nx 126mirrors at 127.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors 128for details. 129.Pp 130Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from 131.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ . 132.Pp 133These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. 134They are intended for network installs or system repair. 135.Pa boot.iso 136is for VGA console installation, and 137.Pa boot-com.iso 138is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 139.Pp 140.\} \" amd64:i386 141.if \n[i386] \{\ 142Option 3: boot floppy images from 143.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ . 144.Pp 145.Pa boot1.fs 146and 147.Pa boot2.fs 148are floppy images for VGA console installation. 149.Pa boot-com1.fs 150and 151.Pa boot-com2.fs 152are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 153.\} \" i386 154.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 155.It 156The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. 157This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI 158implementations. 159.Pp 160To boot with ACPI disabled, choose the "no ACPI" option from the boot menu, 161or interrupt the menu and enter the 162.Nx 163boot prompt. 164Type 165.Ic boot -2 166to boot with ACPI disabled. 167.\} \" amd64:i386 168.if \n[macppc] \{\ 169The files depend on which model you 170are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 171For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 172fetch the pair of boot floppy images 173.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs 174and 175.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 176which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 177For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 178bootloader 179.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf 180and the installation kernel 181.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 182If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 183.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso . 184.\} 185.if \n[sparc] \{\ 186Fetch a CD image, 187.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso 188or the floppy disk images, 189.Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk2 . 190You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system. 191.\} 192.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 193This is either a CD image 194.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso 195which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader 196.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot 197which can be booted from a 198.Tn Solaris 199or 200.Nx 201partition. 202.\} 203.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 204Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 205covered below, in detail. 206.\} 207.It 208The actual binary distribution is in the 209.Pa \*M/binary/sets/ 210directory. 211When you boot the install 212.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM, 213.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies, 214.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 215.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM, 216.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, 217the installation program 218can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) 219if you have a network connection. 220There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 221your machine. 222.Pp 223You will at a minimum need 224.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 225one of the kernel sets, typically 226.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 227as well as 228.\} 229.el \{\ 230the following sets: 231.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 232.\} 233.Pa base.tgz 234and 235.Pa etc.tgz . 236In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 237all the installation sets. 238.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 239.It 240Write the boot images 241.Pp 242Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. 243.Pp 244If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which 245is gzipped. 246.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz" 247Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. 248Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you 249specify, so double check the device before running! 250On 251.Ul 252operating systems, use a command similar to the following, 253replacing 254.Pa /dev/rsd0d 255with the appropriate device for your system: 256.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k" 257On Windows, you will need to use a program such as Win32 Disk Imager, 258which can be found at 259.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ 260or 261Rawrite32 which can be found at 262.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 . 263.if \n[amd64]:\n[i386] \{\ 264If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 265the 266.Ic rawrite.exe 267MS-DOS program 268in the 269.Pa \*M/installation/misc/ 270directory may be of help. 271.\} 272.\} 273.if \n[macppc] \{\ 274.It 275If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 276.Ic suntar 277(MacOS 9), 278.Ic rawrite 279(Windows), or 280.Ic dd 281(any 282.Ul 283system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 284.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 285to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 286If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 287.\} 288.if \n[sparc] \{\ 289.It 290Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 291Burn the CD. 292Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies 293(after uncompressing disk1.gz). 294.\} 295.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 296.It 297Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 298at the root level of a bootable 299.Tn Solaris 300or 301.Nx 302partition. 303.\} 304.Pp 305The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 306kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 307.Nx . 308.if \n[macppc] \{\ 309.It 310Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 311.Nx*M 312Model Support webpage. 313.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html 314.Pp 315At present, 316.Nx*M 317cannot exist on the same hard drive as 318.Tn Mac OS 319unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 320Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated 321.Nx 322drive \(em you must use the entire disk, 323partitioned with the installation tools. 324Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 325.Nx 326on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 327your disk before running the installer, then select the 328.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 329option in the installer (selecting the 330.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 331or 332.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 333options will render your drive unbootable). 334If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 335.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 336.It 337For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 338Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 339keyboard. 340To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 341.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 342keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 343Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 344part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 345.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 346.Pp 347You should have the Open Firmware 348.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]" 349prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 350.Nx*M . 351.\} 352.if \n[macppc] \{\ 353.It 354At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 355To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 356.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 357For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3583), the command is 359.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 360.Pp 361For boot CDs, the command is something like 362.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 363(for Open Firmware 3) or 364.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 365(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 366You will need to use the correct case for 367.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 368depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 369file system. 370You may need to replace 371.Ic cd 372with 373.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 374or some other device alias. 375You should also use the Open Firmware 376.Ic dir 377command to confirm that the 378.Nx*M 379kernel is called 380.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 381You may want to read the section below on 382.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 383.\} 384.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 385.It 386You will need to get to the 387.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM 388.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware 389.Dq Ic "ok" 390prompt. 391After your system first powers on and displays some initial information, 392press the 393.Key STOP-A 394keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. 395At the 396.Dq Ic "ok" 397prompt, type the command to boot your system into 398.Nx . 399.\} 400.if \n[sparc] \{\ 401The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 402your model): 403.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 404.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 405or 406.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 407.Pp 408The command to boot from floppy is either 409.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1) 410or 411.Dq Ic boot floppy . 412The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready 413for it. 414.\} 415.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 416The command to boot from CD is: 417.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 418The command to boot the 419.Nx 420kernel from a 421.Tn Solaris 422or 423.Nx 424partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. 425To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: 426.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . 427When it asks you for a kernel, specify 428.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" 429.\} 430.It 431For third-party programs which are not part of the base 432.Nx 433distribution, you will want to explore the 434.Ic pkgsrc 435package management system, which contains thousands of third party software 436applications. 437.El 438.\} 439.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 440.Pp 441. 442The 443.Nx 444Operating System is a fully functional 445.Tn Open Source 446.Ul 447operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley 448Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 449.Nx 450runs on many different different system architectures (ports) 451across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. 452The 453.Nx 454\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these 455system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in 456source form. 457Please see the 458.Nx 459website at 460.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ 461for information on them.) 462.Pp 463.Nx 464is a completely integrated system. 465In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 466.nh 467.Nx 468features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 469languages, the X Window System, firewall software 470and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 471.Pp 472.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 473.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 474.Nx 475is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 476Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 477possible, 478.Nx 479would not exist. 480. 481.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 482.Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 6.0 and 7.0 Releases 483.Pp 484The 485.Nx 486\*V release 487provides many significant changes, including support for many new 488devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and 489numerous userland enhancements. 490The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 491production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 492.Pp 493It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that 494went into the 495.Nx 496\*V release. 497The complete list of changes can be found in the 498CHANGES: 499.Lk http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-7.0/CHANGES 500and 501CHANGES-7.0: 502.Lk http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-7.0/CHANGES-7.0 503files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 7.0 release tree. 504.Pp 505.\" fill in with changes.mdoc 506. 507.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 508. 509.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release" 510The following features are to be removed from 511.Nx 512in the future: 513.(bullet 514.Xr groff 1 . 515Man pages are now handled with 516.Xr mandoc 1 , 517and 518.Xr groff 1 519can still be found in pkgsrc as 520.Pa textproc/groff . 521. 522.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation" 523.Pp 524. 525The 526.Nx 527Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation 528that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the 529.Nx 530Project and owns the trademark of the word 531.Dq NetBSD . 532It supports the design, development, and adoption of 533.Nx 534worldwide. 535More information on the 536.Nx 537Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: 538.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ 539.br_ne 10P 540. 541.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 542.Pp 543. 544Refer to 545.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ 546.br_ne 10P 547. 548.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 549.Pp 550. 551The root directory of the 552.Nx 553\*V release is organized as follows: 554.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 555.Pp 556.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 557.(tag README.files 558.It Li CHANGES 559Changes between the 6.0 and 7.0 releases. 560.It Li CHANGES-7.0 561Changes between the initial 7.0 branch and final release of 7.0. 562.It Li CHANGES.prev 563Changes in previous 564.Nx 565releases. 566.It Li LAST_MINUTE 567Last minute changes and notes about the release. 568.It Li README.files 569README describing the distribution's contents. 570.It Pa images/ 571Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. 572Depending on your system, these may be bootable. 573.It Pa source/ 574Source distribution sets; see below. 575.tag) 576.Pp 577In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 578directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 579.Nx 580\*V has a binary distribution. 581.Pp 582The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 583.Pa source 584subdirectory of the distribution tree. 585They contain the complete sources to the system. 586The source distribution sets are as follows: 587.(tag sharesrc 588.It Sy gnusrc 589This set contains the 590.Dq gnu 591sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 592and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 593.It Sy sharesrc 594This set contains the 595.Dq share 596sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 597with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 598set; the dictionaries; and more. 599.It Sy src 600This set contains all of the base 601.Nx 602\*V sources which are not in 603.Sy gnusrc , 604.Sy sharesrc , 605or 606.Sy syssrc . 607.It Sy syssrc 608This set contains the sources to the 609.Nx 610\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the 611.Xr config 1 612utility. 613.It Sy xsrc 614This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 615.tag) 616.Pp 617All the above source sets are located in the 618.Pa source/sets 619subdirectory of the distribution tree. 620.Pp 621The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 622Except for the 623.Sy pkgsrc 624set, which is traditionally unpacked into 625.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 626all sets may be unpacked into 627.Pa /usr/src 628with the command: 629.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz" 630.Pp 631In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 632files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 633.(tag SHA512 -offset indent 634.It Li MD5 635.Tn MD5 636digests in the format produced by the command: 637.br 638.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file . 639.It Li SHA512 640.Tn SHA512 641digests in the format produced by the command: 642.br 643.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file . 644.tag) 645.Pp 646The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider 647range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. 648.\} 649.el \{\ 650.Pp 651.Pa \&.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/ 652.(item -compact -offset indent 653.Pa pkgsrc.tar.gz 654.It 655.Pa src/*.tar.gz 656.It 657.Pa xsrc/*.tar.gz 658.item) 659.Pp 660Other directories provide unpacked source trees e.g. for distribution via 661the software update protocol (SUP) or the 662concurrent version system (CVS). For more information see: 663.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ 664.\} 665. 666. 667.so contents ----------------------------------------------- 668. 669. 670.(Note 671Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 672own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 673.Note) 674.br_ne 7P 675. 676.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 677. 678.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 679.br_ne 7P 680. 681.if \n[xen] \{.Ss "Installation options" 682.br_ne 7P 683. 684.so instopt ----------------------------------------------- 685.\} 686. 687.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 688. 689.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 690.br_ne 7P 691. 692.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 693. 694.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 695.br_ne 7P 696. 697.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 698.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 699. 700.so install ----------------------------------------------- 701.br_ne 7P 702. 703.Ss "Post installation steps" 704. 705.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 706.br_ne 7P 707. 708.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 709. 710.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 711.br_ne 7P 712. 713.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 714.Pp 715. 716Users upgrading from previous versions of 717.Nx 718may wish to bear the 719following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 720.Nx 721\*V. 722.Pp 723Note that 724.Ic sysinst 725will automatically invoke 726.(disp 727postinstall fix 728.disp) 729and thus all issues that are fixed by 730.Ic postinstall 731by default will be handled. 732.Pp 733A number of things have been removed from the 734.Nx 735\*V release. 736See the 737.Dq Components removed from NetBSD 738section near the beginning of this document for a list. 739.if \n[arm] \{\ 740.Ss2 Important note regarding ABI change on ARM ports 741.Pp 742In 743.Nx 7447.0, most ARM ports (all but acorn32, and epoc32) have switched 745to the official standard ABI 746.Pq EABI5 747which is recommended by ARM for ELF binaries. 748.Pp 749Backwards compatibility is provided for binaries using the previous ABI 750.Pq oabi . 751A 752.Nx 753\*V 754kernel with the 755.Dv COMPAT_NETBSD32 756option enabled will allow you to execute oabi binaries. 757This option is enabled in the kernels distributed with this release. 758.Pp 759However, new binaries can not be mixed with old libraries, and shared 760libraries are incompatible. 761.Pp 762.Ic sysinst 763does not provide an automatic mechanism to partlially upgrade an old 764installation. 765There are two ways to handle the transition: 766.(enum 767.Pp 768Do a complete update. 769.Pp 770This means updating your system with 771.Ic sysinst , 772then deleting and recompiling all other binaries, whether they were 773installed locally or through pkgsrc. 774This is the preferred, cleanest approach. 775.It 776Move your old binaries and libraries to 777.Pa /compat/netbsd32 778and replace them one by one. 779.Pp 780For example, move all of 781.Pa /usr/pkg 782to 783.Pa /compat/netbsd32/usr/pkg 784and add 785.Pa /compat/netbsd32/usr/pkg/bin 786to the end of your PATH. 787Most binaries should still run, and can be replaced over time with 788recompiled packages, which will install to 789.Pa /usr/pkg 790again. 791.enum) 792. 793.\} 794.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 6.x releases 795.Pp 796The following user needs to be created: 797.(bullet -compact -offset indent 798_rtadvd 799.bullet) 800.Pp 801The following groups need to be created: 802.(bullet -compact -offset indent 803_gpio 804.It 805_rtadvd 806.bullet) 807. 808.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 809.Pp 810Documentation is available if you installed the manual 811distribution set. 812Traditionally, the 813.Dq man pages 814(documentation) are denoted by 815.Sq Li name(section) . 816Some examples of this are 817.Pp 818.(bullet -compact -offset indent 819.Xr intro 1 , 820.It 821.Xr man 1 , 822.It 823.Xr apropos 1 , 824.It 825.Xr passwd 1 , 826and 827.It 828.Xr passwd 5 . 829.bullet) 830.Pp 831The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 832are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 833are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 834.Pp 835.No The Em man 836command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 837started by entering 838.Ic man 839.Op Ar section 840.Ar topic . 841The brackets 842.Op \& 843around the 844section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 845optional. 846If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 847lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 848For instance, after logging in, enter 849.Pp 850.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 851.Pp 852to read the documentation for 853.Xr passwd 1 . 854To view the documentation for 855.Xr passwd 5 , 856enter 857.Pp 858.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 859.Pp 860instead. 861.Pp 862If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 863.Pp 864.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word 865.Pp 866where 867.Ar subject-word 868is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 869related man pages will be displayed. 870. 871.Ss Administrivia 872.Pp 873. 874If you've got something to say, do so! 875We'd like your input. 876There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 877server at 878.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . 879See 880.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 881for details. 882.Pp 883There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 884questions about this release. 885Please send comments to: 886.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . 887.Pp 888To report bugs, use the 889.Xr send-pr 1 890command shipped with 891.Nx , 892and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 893Good bug reports include lots of details. 894.Pp 895Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at 896.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html 897.Pp 898There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 899each port of 900.Nx . 901Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 902.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 903.Pp 904If 905you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 906port, you probably should contact the 907.Sq owner 908of that port (listed 909below). 910.Pp 911If you'd like to help with 912.Nx , 913and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 914.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org . 915.Pp 916As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 917mailing lists. 918Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 919then mail the appropriate list about it. 920If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to 921those who want it. 922. 923.Ss Thanks go to 924. 925.(bullet 926The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 927including (but not limited to): 928.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 929Keith Bostic 930Ralph Campbell 931Mike Karels 932Marshall Kirk McKusick 933.Ed 934.Pp 935for their work on 936.Bx 937systems, support, and encouragement. 938.It 939The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the 940.Nx 941FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. 942.It 943The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 944which runs the CVSweb interface to the 945.Nx 946source tree. 947.It 948The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting 949the build cluster. 950.It 951The many organizations that provide 952.Nx 953mirror sites. 954.It 955Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 956go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 957who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 958.It 959We list the individuals and organizations 960that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 961.Nx 962development, and deserve credit for it at 963.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ 964(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 965We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 966wanted to be listed.) 967.It 968Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 969developing 970.Nx 971since its inception in January, 1993. 972(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 973If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) 974.bullet) 975. 976.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 977.Pp 978. 979All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 980trademarks of their respective owners. 981.Pp 982The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 983the software that we have mentioned in this document: 984.Pp 985.nr save_size \n[.s] 986.nr save_vs \n[.v] 987.ps 8 988.vs 9 989.Ht <font size=-1> 990.(item -compact 991.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 992.item) 993.Ht </font> 994.ps 995.vs 996.Ss "The End" 997