1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.564 2021/05/27 15:47:42 martin Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.ig 28 29 To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes 30 and type "make". This will create 31 src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*. 32 33 We keep most of the notes the same on HEAD and release branches, 34 but some of this are not appropriate for HEAD/current. Also 35 some locations differ for actual release, so we distinguish 36 between: 37 38 RELEASE_BRANCH == 1 39 this is on a release branch (not -current) 40 RELEASE_BRANCH == 0 41 this is current, not yet branched 42 FOR_RELEASE == 1 43 this is an official release (will be signed and placed 44 on ftp/cdn) 45 FOR_RELEASE == 0 46 this is a local build or a "daily" build on the build 47 cluster 48.. 49. 50.tm Processing INSTALL 51. 52.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 53. 54.nr oldvers ( \n[major] - 1 ) 55.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 56.ds RELEASE_URL https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V 57.\} 58.el \{\ 59.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 60.ds ftppath netbsd-\n[major] 61.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 62.el .ds ftppath HEAD 63.ds RELEASE_URL https://nycdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/\*[ftppath]/latest 64.\} \" !\n[FOR_RELEASE] 65.nr DOC_XR 1 66.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari 67.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips 68.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh 69.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 70.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 71.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips 72.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus . 73.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 74. 75.\" Override <title> for HTML output 76.if rHTML .ds title-section Installation procedure for NetBSD/\*M \*V 77.Dd \*[cur_date] 78.Dt INSTALL 8 79.Os NetBSD/\*M \*V 80.Sh NAME 81.Nm INSTALL 82.Nd Installation procedure for 83.Nx*M . 84.Sh CONTENTS 85.Tc 86.Sh DESCRIPTION 87. 88.Ss About this Document 89.Pp 90. 91This document describes the installation procedure for 92.Nx 93\*V on the 94.Em \*M 95platform. 96It is available in four different formats titled 97.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 98where 99.Ar \&.ext 100is one of 101.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 102.No or Pa \&.txt : 103.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 104.It Pa \&.ps 105PostScript. 106.It Pa \&.html 107.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 108.It Pa \&.more 109The enhanced text format used on 110.Ul 111systems by the 112.Xr more 1 113and 114.Xr less 1 115pager utility programs. 116This is the format in which the on-line 117.Em man 118pages are generally presented. 119.It Pa \&.txt 120Plain old 121.Tn ASCII . 122.tag) 123.Pp 124You are reading the 125.Em \*[format] 126version. 127. 128.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\ 129.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 130.Pp 131This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 132install 133.Nx 134\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. 135.Bl -bullet 136.It 137Fetch files needed to install 138.Nx . 139.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 140.Pp 141Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the 142full distribution. 143.Pp 144These can be found 145on an FTP site near you, usually located in the 146.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/ 147directory. 148Check the list of 149.Nx 150.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors mirrors 151for details. 152.Pp 153Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from 154.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ . 155.Pp 156These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. 157They are intended for network installs or system repair. 158.Pa boot.iso 159is for VGA console installation, and 160.Pa boot-com.iso 161is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 162.Pp 163.\} \" amd64:i386 164.if \n[i386] \{\ 165Option 3: boot floppy images from 166.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ . 167.Pp 168.Pa boot1.fs 169and 170.Pa boot2.fs 171are floppy images for VGA console installation. 172.Pa boot-com1.fs 173and 174.Pa boot-com2.fs 175are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 176.\} \" i386 177.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 178.It 179The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. 180This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI 181implementations. 182.Pp 183To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the 184.Nx 185boot prompt. 186Type 187.Ic boot -2 188to boot with ACPI disabled. 189.\} \" amd64:i386 190.if \n[macppc] \{\ 191The files depend on which model you 192are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 193For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 194fetch the pair of boot floppy images 195.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs 196and 197.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 198which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 199For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 200bootloader 201.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf 202and the installation kernel 203.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 204If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 205.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso . 206.\} 207.if \n[sparc] \{\ 208Fetch a CD image, 209.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso 210or the floppy disk images, 211.Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk2 . 212You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system. 213.\} 214.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 215This is either a CD image 216.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso 217which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader 218.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot 219which can be booted from a 220.Tn Solaris 221or 222.Nx 223partition. 224.\} 225.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 226Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 227covered below, in detail. 228.\} 229.It 230The actual binary distribution is in the 231.Pa \*M/binary/sets/ 232directory. 233When you boot the install 234.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM, 235.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies, 236.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 237.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM, 238.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, 239the installation program 240can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) 241if you have a network connection. 242There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 243your machine. 244.Pp 245You will at a minimum need 246.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 247one of the kernel sets, typically 248.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 249as well as 250.\} 251.el \{\ 252the following sets: 253.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 254.\} 255.Pa base.\*[setsuffix] 256and 257.Pa etc.\*[setsuffix] . 258In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 259all the installation sets. 260.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 261.It 262Write the boot images 263.Pp 264Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. 265.Pp 266If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which 267is gzipped. 268.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz" 269Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. 270Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you 271specify, so double check the device before running! 272On 273.Ul 274operating systems, use a command similar to the following, 275replacing 276.Pa /dev/rsd0d 277with the appropriate device for your system: 278.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k" 279On Windows, you will need to use a program such as 280.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ "Win32 Disk Imager" , 281or 282.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 Rawrite32 . 283.if \n[amd64]:\n[i386] \{\ 284If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 285the 286.Ic rawrite.exe 287MS-DOS program 288in the 289.Pa \*M/installation/misc/ 290directory may be of help. 291.\} 292.\} 293.if \n[macppc] \{\ 294.It 295If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 296.Ic suntar 297(MacOS 9), 298.Ic rawrite 299(Windows), or 300.Ic dd 301(any 302.Ul 303system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 304.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 305to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 306If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 307.\} 308.if \n[sparc] \{\ 309.It 310Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 311Burn the CD. 312Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies 313(after uncompressing disk1.gz). 314.\} 315.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 316.It 317Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 318at the root level of a bootable 319.Tn Solaris 320or 321.Nx 322partition. 323.\} 324.Pp 325The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 326kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 327.Nx . 328.if \n[macppc] \{\ 329.It 330Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 331.Nx*M 332.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html "Model Support webpage" . 333.Pp 334At present, 335.Nx*M 336cannot exist on the same hard drive as 337.Tn Mac OS 338unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 339Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated 340.Nx 341drive \(em you must use the entire disk, 342partitioned with the installation tools. 343Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 344.Nx 345on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 346your disk before running the installer, then select the 347.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 348option in the installer (selecting the 349.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 350or 351.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 352options will render your drive unbootable). 353If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 354.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 355.It 356For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 357Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 358keyboard. 359To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 360.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 361keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 362Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 363part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 364.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 365.Pp 366You should have the Open Firmware 367.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]" 368prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 369.Nx*M . 370.\} 371.if \n[macppc] \{\ 372.It 373At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 374To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 375.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 376For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3773), the command is 378.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 379.Pp 380For boot CDs, the command is something like 381.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 382(for Open Firmware 3) or 383.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 384(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 385You will need to use the correct case for 386.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 387depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 388file system. 389You may need to replace 390.Ic cd 391with 392.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 393or some other device alias. 394You should also use the Open Firmware 395.Ic dir 396command to confirm that the 397.Nx*M 398kernel is called 399.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 400You may want to read the section below on 401.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 402.\} 403.if \n[macppc] \{\ 404.It 405.Pp 406PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies 407.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs 408and 409.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs , 410a different kernel set 411.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.\*[setsuffix] , 412and a different install kernel 413.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz . 414The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify 415the 601 kernel, i.e., replace 416.Ic netbsd.macppc 417with 418.Ic netbsd.601 419. 420.\} 421.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 422.It 423You will need to get to the 424.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM 425.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware 426.Dq Ic "ok" 427prompt. 428After your system first powers on and displays some initial information, 429press the 430.Key STOP-A 431keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. 432At the 433.Dq Ic "ok" 434prompt, type the command to boot your system into 435.Nx . 436.\} 437.if \n[sparc] \{\ 438The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 439your model): 440.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 441.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 442or 443.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 444.Pp 445The command to boot from floppy is either 446.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1) 447or 448.Dq Ic boot floppy . 449The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready 450for it. 451.\} 452.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 453The command to boot from CD is: 454.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 455The command to boot the 456.Nx 457kernel from a 458.Tn Solaris 459or 460.Nx 461partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. 462To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: 463.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . 464When it asks you for a kernel, specify 465.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" 466.\} 467.It 468For third-party programs which are not part of the base 469.Nx 470distribution, you will want to explore the 471.Ic pkgsrc 472package management system, which contains thousands of third-party software 473applications. 474.El 475.\} 476.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 477.Pp 478. 479The 480.Nx 481Operating System is a fully functional open-source operating system derived 482from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4834.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 484.Nx 485runs on many different different system architectures (ports) 486across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. 487The 488.Nx 489\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these 490system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in 491source form. 492Please see the 493.Nx 494.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ website 495for information on them. 496.Pp 497.Nx 498is a completely integrated system. 499In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 500.nh 501.Nx 502features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 503languages, the X Window System, firewall software 504and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 505.Pp 506.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 507.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 508.Nx 509is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 510Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 511possible, 512.Nx 513would not exist. 514. 515.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] \ 516and \n[major] Releases 517.el .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] and \ 518\n[major] Releases, and newer 519.Pp 520The 521.Nx 522\*V release 523provides many significant changes, including support for many new 524devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and 525numerous userland enhancements. 526The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 527production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 528.Pp 529.if !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ \ 530Please note that this build is a development snapshot, not a formal release. 531You are testing the bleeding edge of 532.Nx 533development, and no formal or informal testing may have been done for 534this snapshot (yet). 535.Pp 536.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ 537It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that 538went into the 539.Nx 540\*V release. 541.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 542The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 543.br 544.Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES" CHANGES 545.de showdotchanges 546. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 547. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 548. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 549. br 550. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\\$1" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1" 551.. 552.showdotchanges \n[minor] 553.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 554. br 555. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\n[nextminor]" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]" 556.\} 557.br 558files in the top level directory of the NetBSD \n[major].\n[minor] release tree. 559.Pp 560. 561.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 562.el \{\ 563The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 564.br 565.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES CHANGES 566.br 567.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES.prev CHANGES.prev 568.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 569. 570.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release" 571The following features are to be removed from 572.Nx 573in the future: 574.(bullet 575.Xr groff 1 . 576Man pages are now handled with 577.Xr mandoc 1 , 578and 579.Xr groff 1 580can still be found in pkgsrc as 581.Pa textproc/groff . 582. 583.bullet) 584.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation" 585.Pp 586. 587The 588.Nx 589Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation 590that devotes itself to the traditional goals and spirit of the 591.Nx 592Project and owns the trademark of the word 593.Dq NetBSD . 594It supports the design, development, and adoption of 595.Nx 596worldwide. 597More information on the 598.Nx 599Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: 600.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ 601.br_ne 10P 602. 603.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 604.Pp 605. 606Refer to 607.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ mirrors 608.br_ne 10P 609. 610.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 611.Pp 612. 613The root directory of the 614.Nx 615\*V release is organized as follows: 616.Pp 617.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 618.(tag README.files 619.It Li CHANGES 620.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] Changes between the \n[oldvers].0 and \ 621\n[major].0 releases. 622.el Changes after the netbsd-\n[major] branch. 623.if \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 624.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].0 625Changes between the initial \n[major].0 branch and final release of \n[major].0. 626.de showdotchanges 627. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 628. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 629. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 630. It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1 631Changes between the \n[major].\\n[ominor] and the \n[major].\\$1 release. 632.. 633.if \n[minor] .showdotchanges \n[minor] 634.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 635.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor] 636Changes after the release of \n[major].\n[minor]. 637.\} \" \n[nextminor] > \n[minor] 638.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 639.It Li CHANGES.prev 640Changes in previous 641.Nx 642releases. 643.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 644.It Li LAST_MINUTE 645Last minute changes and notes about the release. 646.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 647.It Li README.files 648README describing the distribution's contents. 649.It Pa images/ 650Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. 651Depending on your system, these may be bootable. 652.It Pa source/ 653Source distribution sets; see below. 654.tag) 655.Pp 656In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 657directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 658.Nx 659\*V has a binary distribution. 660.Pp 661The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 662.Pa source 663subdirectory of the distribution tree. 664They contain the complete sources to the system. 665The source distribution sets are as follows: 666.(tag sharesrc 667.It Sy gnusrc 668This set contains the 669.Dq gnu 670sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 671and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 672.It Sy sharesrc 673This set contains the 674.Dq share 675sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 676with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 677set; the dictionaries; and more. 678.It Sy src 679This set contains all of the base 680.Nx 681\*V sources which are not in 682.Sy gnusrc , 683.Sy sharesrc , 684or 685.Sy syssrc . 686.It Sy syssrc 687This set contains the sources to the 688.Nx 689\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the 690.Xr config 1 691utility. 692.It Sy xsrc 693This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 694.tag) 695.Pp 696All the above source sets are located in the 697.Pa source/sets 698subdirectory of the distribution tree. 699.Pp 700The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 701Except for the 702.Sy pkgsrc 703set, which is traditionally unpacked into 704.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 705all sets may be unpacked into 706.Pa /usr/src 707with the command: 708.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.\*[setsuffix]" 709.Pp 710In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 711files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 712.(tag SHA512 -offset indent 713.It Li MD5 714.Tn MD5 715digests in the format produced by the command: 716.br 717.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file . 718.It Li SHA512 719.Tn SHA512 720digests in the format produced by the command: 721.br 722.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file . 723.tag) 724.Pp 725The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider 726range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. 727. 728.so contents ----------------------------------------------- 729. 730. 731.(Note 732Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 733own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 734.Note) 735.br_ne 7P 736. 737.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 738. 739.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 740.br_ne 7P 741. 742.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 743. 744.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 745.br_ne 7P 746. 747.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 748. 749.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 750.br_ne 7P 751. 752.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 753.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 754. 755.so install ----------------------------------------------- 756.br_ne 7P 757. 758.Ss "Post installation steps" 759. 760.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 761.br_ne 7P 762. 763.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 764. 765.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 766.br_ne 7P 767. 768.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 769.Pp 770. 771Users upgrading from previous versions of 772.Nx 773may wish to bear the 774following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 775.Nx 776\*V. 777.Pp 778Note that 779.Ic sysinst 780will automatically invoke 781.(disp 782postinstall fix 783.disp) 784and thus all issues that are fixed by 785.Ic postinstall 786by default will be handled. 787.Pp 788A number of things have been removed from the 789.Nx 790\*V release. 791See the 792.Dq Components removed from NetBSD 793section near the beginning of this document for a list. 794.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 795.Pp 796Documentation is available if you installed the manual 797distribution set. 798Traditionally, the 799.Dq man pages 800(documentation) are denoted by 801.Sq Li name(section) . 802Some examples of this are 803.Pp 804.(bullet -compact -offset indent 805.Xr intro 1 , 806.It 807.Xr man 1 , 808.It 809.Xr apropos 1 , 810.It 811.Xr passwd 1 , 812and 813.It 814.Xr passwd 5 . 815.bullet) 816.Pp 817The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 818are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 819are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 820.Pp 821.No The Em man 822command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 823started by entering 824.Ic man 825.Op Ar section 826.Ar topic . 827The brackets 828.Op \& 829around the 830section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 831optional. 832If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 833lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 834For instance, after logging in, enter 835.Pp 836.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 837.Pp 838to read the documentation for 839.Xr passwd 1 . 840To view the documentation for 841.Xr passwd 5 , 842enter 843.Pp 844.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 845.Pp 846instead. 847.Pp 848If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 849.Pp 850.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word 851.Pp 852where 853.Ar subject-word 854is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 855related man pages will be displayed. 856. 857.Ss Administrivia 858.Pp 859. 860If you've got something to say, do so! 861We'd like your input. 862There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 863server at 864.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . 865See 866.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 867for details. 868.Pp 869There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 870questions about this release. 871Please send comments to: 872.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . 873.Pp 874To report bugs, use the 875.Xr send-pr 1 876command shipped with 877.Nx , 878and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 879Good bug reports include lots of details. 880.Pp 881Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at 882.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html 883.Pp 884There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 885each port of 886.Nx . 887Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 888.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 889.Pp 890If 891you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 892port, you probably should contact the 893.Sq owner 894of that port (listed 895below). 896.Pp 897If you'd like to help with 898.Nx , 899and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 900.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org . 901.Pp 902As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 903mailing lists. 904Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 905then mail the appropriate list about it. 906If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to 907those who want it. 908. 909.Ss Thanks go to 910. 911.(bullet 912The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 913including (but not limited to): 914.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 915Keith Bostic 916Ralph Campbell 917Mike Karels 918Marshall Kirk McKusick 919.Ed 920.Pp 921for their work on 922.Bx 923systems, support, and encouragement. 924.It 925The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the 926.Nx 927FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. 928.It 929The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 930which runs the CVSweb interface to the 931.Nx 932source tree. 933.It 934The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting 935the build cluster. 936.It 937The many organizations that provide 938.Nx 939mirror sites. 940.It 941Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 942go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 943who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 944.It 945We list the individuals and organizations 946that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 947.Nx 948development, and deserve credit for it at 949.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ 950(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 951We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 952wanted to be listed.) 953.It 954Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 955developing 956.Nx 957since its inception in January, 1993. 958(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 959If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) 960.bullet) 961. 962.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 963.Pp 964. 965All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 966trademarks of their respective owners. 967.Pp 968The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 969the software that we have mentioned in this document: 970.Pp 971.nr save_size \n[.s] 972.nr save_vs \n[.v] 973.ps 8 974.vs 9 975.Ht <font size=-1> 976.(item -compact 977.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 978.item) 979.Ht </font> 980.ps 981.vs 982.Ss "The End" 983