1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.551 2019/05/31 13:38:57 maya Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.ig 28 29 To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes 30 and type "make". This will create 31 src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*. 32 33 The notes that describe the improvements over the last release 34 aren't appropriate for a snapshot, so these are conditional on 35 FOR_RELEASE. 0 == snapshot; 1 == release 36.. 37. 38.tm Processing INSTALL 39. 40.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 41. 42.nr FOR_RELEASE 1 43.nr DOC_XR 1 44.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari 45.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips 46.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh 47.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 48.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 49.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips 50.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus . 51.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 52. 53.Dd May 9, 2015 54.Dt INSTALL 8 55.Os NetBSD 56.Sh NAME 57.Nm INSTALL 58.Nd Installation procedure for 59.Nx*M . 60.Sh CONTENTS 61.Tc 62.Sh DESCRIPTION 63. 64.Ss About this Document 65.Pp 66. 67This document describes the installation procedure for 68.Nx 69\*V on the 70.Em \*M 71platform. 72It is available in four different formats titled 73.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 74where 75.Ar \&.ext 76is one of 77.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 78.No or Pa \&.txt : 79.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 80.It Pa \&.ps 81PostScript. 82.It Pa \&.html 83.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 84.It Pa \&.more 85The enhanced text format used on 86.Ul 87systems by the 88.Xr more 1 89and 90.Xr less 1 91pager utility programs. 92This is the format in which the on-line 93.Em man 94pages are generally presented. 95.It Pa \&.txt 96Plain old 97.Tn ASCII . 98.tag) 99.Pp 100You are reading the 101.Em \*[format] 102version. 103. 104.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\ 105.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 106.Pp 107This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 108install 109.Nx 110\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. 111.Bl -bullet 112.It 113Fetch files needed to install 114.Nx . 115.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 116.Pp 117Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the 118full distribution. 119.Pp 120These can be found 121on an FTP site near you, usually located in the 122.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/ 123directory. 124Check the list of 125.Nx 126mirrors at 127.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors 128for details. 129.Pp 130Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from 131.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ . 132.Pp 133These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. 134They are intended for network installs or system repair. 135.Pa boot.iso 136is for VGA console installation, and 137.Pa boot-com.iso 138is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 139.Pp 140.\} \" amd64:i386 141.if \n[i386] \{\ 142Option 3: boot floppy images from 143.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ . 144.Pp 145.Pa boot1.fs 146and 147.Pa boot2.fs 148are floppy images for VGA console installation. 149.Pa boot-com1.fs 150and 151.Pa boot-com2.fs 152are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 153.\} \" i386 154.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 155.It 156The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. 157This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI 158implementations. 159.Pp 160To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the 161.Nx 162boot prompt. 163Type 164.Ic boot -2 165to boot with ACPI disabled. 166.\} \" amd64:i386 167.if \n[macppc] \{\ 168The files depend on which model you 169are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 170For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 171fetch the pair of boot floppy images 172.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs 173and 174.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 175which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 176For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 177bootloader 178.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf 179and the installation kernel 180.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 181If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 182.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso . 183.\} 184.if \n[sparc] \{\ 185Fetch a CD image, 186.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso 187or the floppy disk images, 188.Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk2 . 189You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system. 190.\} 191.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 192This is either a CD image 193.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso 194which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader 195.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot 196which can be booted from a 197.Tn Solaris 198or 199.Nx 200partition. 201.\} 202.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 203Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 204covered below, in detail. 205.\} 206.It 207The actual binary distribution is in the 208.Pa \*M/binary/sets/ 209directory. 210When you boot the install 211.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM, 212.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies, 213.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 214.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM, 215.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, 216the installation program 217can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) 218if you have a network connection. 219There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 220your machine. 221.Pp 222You will at a minimum need 223.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 224one of the kernel sets, typically 225.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 226as well as 227.\} 228.el \{\ 229the following sets: 230.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 231.\} 232.Pa base.tgz 233and 234.Pa etc.tgz . 235In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 236all the installation sets. 237.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 238.It 239Write the boot images 240.Pp 241Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. 242.Pp 243If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which 244is gzipped. 245.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz" 246Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. 247Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you 248specify, so double check the device before running! 249On 250.Ul 251operating systems, use a command similar to the following, 252replacing 253.Pa /dev/rsd0d 254with the appropriate device for your system: 255.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k" 256On Windows, you will need to use a program such as Win32 Disk Imager, 257which can be found at 258.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ 259or 260Rawrite32 which can be found at 261.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 . 262.if \n[amd64]:\n[i386] \{\ 263If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 264the 265.Ic rawrite.exe 266MS-DOS program 267in the 268.Pa \*M/installation/misc/ 269directory may be of help. 270.\} 271.\} 272.if \n[macppc] \{\ 273.It 274If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 275.Ic suntar 276(MacOS 9), 277.Ic rawrite 278(Windows), or 279.Ic dd 280(any 281.Ul 282system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 283.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 284to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 285If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 286.\} 287.if \n[sparc] \{\ 288.It 289Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 290Burn the CD. 291Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies 292(after uncompressing disk1.gz). 293.\} 294.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 295.It 296Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 297at the root level of a bootable 298.Tn Solaris 299or 300.Nx 301partition. 302.\} 303.Pp 304The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 305kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 306.Nx . 307.if \n[macppc] \{\ 308.It 309Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 310.Nx*M 311Model Support webpage. 312.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html 313.Pp 314At present, 315.Nx*M 316cannot exist on the same hard drive as 317.Tn Mac OS 318unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 319Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated 320.Nx 321drive \(em you must use the entire disk, 322partitioned with the installation tools. 323Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 324.Nx 325on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 326your disk before running the installer, then select the 327.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 328option in the installer (selecting the 329.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 330or 331.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 332options will render your drive unbootable). 333If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 334.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 335.It 336For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 337Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 338keyboard. 339To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 340.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 341keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 342Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 343part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 344.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 345.Pp 346You should have the Open Firmware 347.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]" 348prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 349.Nx*M . 350.\} 351.if \n[macppc] \{\ 352.It 353At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 354To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 355.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 356For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3573), the command is 358.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 359.Pp 360For boot CDs, the command is something like 361.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 362(for Open Firmware 3) or 363.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 364(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 365You will need to use the correct case for 366.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 367depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 368file system. 369You may need to replace 370.Ic cd 371with 372.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 373or some other device alias. 374You should also use the Open Firmware 375.Ic dir 376command to confirm that the 377.Nx*M 378kernel is called 379.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 380You may want to read the section below on 381.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 382.\} 383.if \n[macppc] \{\ 384.It 385.Pp 386PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies 387.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs 388and 389.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs , 390a different kernel set 391.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.tgz , 392and a different install kernel 393.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz . 394The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify 395the 601 kernel, i.e., replace 396.Ic netbsd.macppc 397with 398.Ic netbsd.601 399. 400.\} 401.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 402.It 403You will need to get to the 404.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM 405.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware 406.Dq Ic "ok" 407prompt. 408After your system first powers on and displays some initial information, 409press the 410.Key STOP-A 411keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. 412At the 413.Dq Ic "ok" 414prompt, type the command to boot your system into 415.Nx . 416.\} 417.if \n[sparc] \{\ 418The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 419your model): 420.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 421.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 422or 423.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 424.Pp 425The command to boot from floppy is either 426.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1) 427or 428.Dq Ic boot floppy . 429The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready 430for it. 431.\} 432.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 433The command to boot from CD is: 434.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 435The command to boot the 436.Nx 437kernel from a 438.Tn Solaris 439or 440.Nx 441partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. 442To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: 443.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . 444When it asks you for a kernel, specify 445.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" 446.\} 447.It 448For third-party programs which are not part of the base 449.Nx 450distribution, you will want to explore the 451.Ic pkgsrc 452package management system, which contains thousands of third party software 453applications. 454.El 455.\} 456.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 457.Pp 458. 459The 460.Nx 461Operating System is a fully functional 462.Tn Open Source 463.Ul 464operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley 465Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 466.Nx 467runs on many different different system architectures (ports) 468across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. 469The 470.Nx 471\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these 472system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in 473source form. 474Please see the 475.Nx 476website at 477.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ 478for information on them.) 479.Pp 480.Nx 481is a completely integrated system. 482In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 483.nh 484.Nx 485features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 486languages, the X Window System, firewall software 487and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 488.Pp 489.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 490.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 491.Nx 492is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 493Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 494possible, 495.Nx 496would not exist. 497. 498.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 499.Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 6.0 and 7.0 Releases 500.Pp 501The 502.Nx 503\*V release 504provides many significant changes, including support for many new 505devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and 506numerous userland enhancements. 507The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 508production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 509.Pp 510It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that 511went into the 512.Nx 513\*V release. 514The complete list of changes can be found in the 515CHANGES: 516.Lk http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-7.0/CHANGES 517and 518CHANGES-7.0: 519.Lk http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-7.0/CHANGES-7.0 520files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 7.0 release tree. 521.Pp 522.\" fill in with changes.mdoc 523. 524.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 525. 526.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release" 527The following features are to be removed from 528.Nx 529in the future: 530.(bullet 531.Xr groff 1 . 532Man pages are now handled with 533.Xr mandoc 1 , 534and 535.Xr groff 1 536can still be found in pkgsrc as 537.Pa textproc/groff . 538. 539.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation" 540.Pp 541. 542The 543.Nx 544Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation 545that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the 546.Nx 547Project and owns the trademark of the word 548.Dq NetBSD . 549It supports the design, development, and adoption of 550.Nx 551worldwide. 552More information on the 553.Nx 554Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: 555.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ 556.br_ne 10P 557. 558.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 559.Pp 560. 561Refer to 562.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ 563.br_ne 10P 564. 565.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 566.Pp 567. 568The root directory of the 569.Nx 570\*V release is organized as follows: 571.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 572.Pp 573.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 574.(tag README.files 575.It Li CHANGES 576Changes between the 6.0 and 7.0 releases. 577.It Li CHANGES-7.0 578Changes between the initial 7.0 branch and final release of 7.0. 579.It Li CHANGES.prev 580Changes in previous 581.Nx 582releases. 583.It Li LAST_MINUTE 584Last minute changes and notes about the release. 585.It Li README.files 586README describing the distribution's contents. 587.It Pa images/ 588Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. 589Depending on your system, these may be bootable. 590.It Pa source/ 591Source distribution sets; see below. 592.tag) 593.Pp 594In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 595directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 596.Nx 597\*V has a binary distribution. 598.Pp 599The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 600.Pa source 601subdirectory of the distribution tree. 602They contain the complete sources to the system. 603The source distribution sets are as follows: 604.(tag sharesrc 605.It Sy gnusrc 606This set contains the 607.Dq gnu 608sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 609and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 610.It Sy sharesrc 611This set contains the 612.Dq share 613sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 614with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 615set; the dictionaries; and more. 616.It Sy src 617This set contains all of the base 618.Nx 619\*V sources which are not in 620.Sy gnusrc , 621.Sy sharesrc , 622or 623.Sy syssrc . 624.It Sy syssrc 625This set contains the sources to the 626.Nx 627\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the 628.Xr config 1 629utility. 630.It Sy xsrc 631This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 632.tag) 633.Pp 634All the above source sets are located in the 635.Pa source/sets 636subdirectory of the distribution tree. 637.Pp 638The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 639Except for the 640.Sy pkgsrc 641set, which is traditionally unpacked into 642.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 643all sets may be unpacked into 644.Pa /usr/src 645with the command: 646.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz" 647.Pp 648In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 649files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 650.(tag SHA512 -offset indent 651.It Li MD5 652.Tn MD5 653digests in the format produced by the command: 654.br 655.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file . 656.It Li SHA512 657.Tn SHA512 658digests in the format produced by the command: 659.br 660.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file . 661.tag) 662.Pp 663The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider 664range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. 665.\} 666.el \{\ 667.Pp 668.Pa \&.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/ 669.(item -compact -offset indent 670.Pa pkgsrc.tar.gz 671.It 672.Pa src/*.tar.gz 673.It 674.Pa xsrc/*.tar.gz 675.item) 676.Pp 677Other directories provide unpacked source trees e.g. for distribution via 678the software update protocol (SUP) or the 679concurrent version system (CVS). For more information see: 680.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ 681.\} 682. 683. 684.so contents ----------------------------------------------- 685. 686. 687.(Note 688Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 689own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 690.Note) 691.br_ne 7P 692. 693.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 694. 695.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 696.br_ne 7P 697. 698.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 699. 700.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 701.br_ne 7P 702. 703.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 704. 705.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 706.br_ne 7P 707. 708.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 709.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 710. 711.so install ----------------------------------------------- 712.br_ne 7P 713. 714.Ss "Post installation steps" 715. 716.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 717.br_ne 7P 718. 719.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 720. 721.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 722.br_ne 7P 723. 724.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 725.Pp 726. 727Users upgrading from previous versions of 728.Nx 729may wish to bear the 730following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 731.Nx 732\*V. 733.Pp 734Note that 735.Ic sysinst 736will automatically invoke 737.(disp 738postinstall fix 739.disp) 740and thus all issues that are fixed by 741.Ic postinstall 742by default will be handled. 743.Pp 744A number of things have been removed from the 745.Nx 746\*V release. 747See the 748.Dq Components removed from NetBSD 749section near the beginning of this document for a list. 750.if \n[arm] \{\ 751.Ss2 Important note regarding ABI change on ARM ports 752.Pp 753In 754.Nx 7557.0, most ARM ports (all but acorn32, and epoc32) have switched 756to the official standard ABI 757.Pq EABI5 758which is recommended by ARM for ELF binaries. 759.Pp 760Backwards compatibility is provided for binaries using the previous ABI 761.Pq oabi . 762A 763.Nx 764\*V 765kernel with the 766.Dv COMPAT_NETBSD32 767option enabled will allow you to execute oabi binaries. 768This option is enabled in the kernels distributed with this release. 769.Pp 770However, new binaries can not be mixed with old libraries, and shared 771libraries are incompatible. 772.Pp 773.Ic sysinst 774does not provide an automatic mechanism to partlially upgrade an old 775installation. 776There are two ways to handle the transition: 777.(enum 778.Pp 779Do a complete update. 780.Pp 781This means updating your system with 782.Ic sysinst , 783then deleting and recompiling all other binaries, whether they were 784installed locally or through pkgsrc. 785This is the preferred, cleanest approach. 786.It 787Move your old binaries and libraries to 788.Pa /compat/netbsd32 789and replace them one by one. 790.Pp 791For example, move all of 792.Pa /usr/pkg 793to 794.Pa /compat/netbsd32/usr/pkg 795and add 796.Pa /compat/netbsd32/usr/pkg/bin 797to the end of your PATH. 798Most binaries should still run, and can be replaced over time with 799recompiled packages, which will install to 800.Pa /usr/pkg 801again. 802.enum) 803. 804.\} 805.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 6.x releases 806.Pp 807The following user needs to be created: 808.(bullet -compact -offset indent 809_rtadvd 810.bullet) 811.Pp 812The following groups need to be created: 813.(bullet -compact -offset indent 814_gpio 815.It 816_rtadvd 817.bullet) 818. 819.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 820.Pp 821Documentation is available if you installed the manual 822distribution set. 823Traditionally, the 824.Dq man pages 825(documentation) are denoted by 826.Sq Li name(section) . 827Some examples of this are 828.Pp 829.(bullet -compact -offset indent 830.Xr intro 1 , 831.It 832.Xr man 1 , 833.It 834.Xr apropos 1 , 835.It 836.Xr passwd 1 , 837and 838.It 839.Xr passwd 5 . 840.bullet) 841.Pp 842The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 843are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 844are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 845.Pp 846.No The Em man 847command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 848started by entering 849.Ic man 850.Op Ar section 851.Ar topic . 852The brackets 853.Op \& 854around the 855section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 856optional. 857If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 858lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 859For instance, after logging in, enter 860.Pp 861.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 862.Pp 863to read the documentation for 864.Xr passwd 1 . 865To view the documentation for 866.Xr passwd 5 , 867enter 868.Pp 869.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 870.Pp 871instead. 872.Pp 873If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 874.Pp 875.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word 876.Pp 877where 878.Ar subject-word 879is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 880related man pages will be displayed. 881. 882.Ss Administrivia 883.Pp 884. 885If you've got something to say, do so! 886We'd like your input. 887There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 888server at 889.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . 890See 891.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 892for details. 893.Pp 894There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 895questions about this release. 896Please send comments to: 897.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . 898.Pp 899To report bugs, use the 900.Xr send-pr 1 901command shipped with 902.Nx , 903and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 904Good bug reports include lots of details. 905.Pp 906Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at 907.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html 908.Pp 909There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 910each port of 911.Nx . 912Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 913.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 914.Pp 915If 916you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 917port, you probably should contact the 918.Sq owner 919of that port (listed 920below). 921.Pp 922If you'd like to help with 923.Nx , 924and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 925.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org . 926.Pp 927As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 928mailing lists. 929Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 930then mail the appropriate list about it. 931If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to 932those who want it. 933. 934.Ss Thanks go to 935. 936.(bullet 937The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 938including (but not limited to): 939.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 940Keith Bostic 941Ralph Campbell 942Mike Karels 943Marshall Kirk McKusick 944.Ed 945.Pp 946for their work on 947.Bx 948systems, support, and encouragement. 949.It 950The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the 951.Nx 952FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. 953.It 954The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 955which runs the CVSweb interface to the 956.Nx 957source tree. 958.It 959The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting 960the build cluster. 961.It 962The many organizations that provide 963.Nx 964mirror sites. 965.It 966Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 967go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 968who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 969.It 970We list the individuals and organizations 971that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 972.Nx 973development, and deserve credit for it at 974.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ 975(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 976We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 977wanted to be listed.) 978.It 979Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 980developing 981.Nx 982since its inception in January, 1993. 983(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 984If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) 985.bullet) 986. 987.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 988.Pp 989. 990All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 991trademarks of their respective owners. 992.Pp 993The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 994the software that we have mentioned in this document: 995.Pp 996.nr save_size \n[.s] 997.nr save_vs \n[.v] 998.ps 8 999.vs 9 1000.Ht <font size=-1> 1001.(item -compact 1002.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 1003.item) 1004.Ht </font> 1005.ps 1006.vs 1007.Ss "The End" 1008