1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.569 2022/04/01 21:53:35 andvar Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.ig 28 29 To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes 30 and type "make". This will create 31 src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*. 32 33 We keep most of the notes the same on HEAD and release branches, 34 but some of this are not appropriate for HEAD/current. Also 35 some locations differ for actual release, so we distinguish 36 between: 37 38 RELEASE_BRANCH == 1 39 this is on a release branch (not -current) 40 RELEASE_BRANCH == 0 41 this is current, not yet branched 42 FOR_RELEASE == 1 43 this is an official release (will be signed and placed 44 on ftp/cdn) 45 FOR_RELEASE == 0 46 this is a local build or a "daily" build on the build 47 cluster 48.. 49. 50.tm Processing INSTALL 51. 52.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 53. 54.nr oldvers ( \n[major] - 1 ) 55.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 56.ds RELEASE_URL https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V 57.\} 58.el \{\ 59.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 60.ds ftppath netbsd-\n[major] 61.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 62.el .ds ftppath HEAD 63.ds RELEASE_URL https://nycdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/\*[ftppath]/latest 64.\} \" !\n[FOR_RELEASE] 65.nr DOC_XR 1 66.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari 67.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips 68.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh 69.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 70.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 71.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips 72.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus . 73.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 74. 75.\" Override <title> for HTML output 76.if rHTML .ds title-section Installation procedure for NetBSD/\*M \*V 77.Dd \*[cur_date] 78.Dt INSTALL 8 79.Os NetBSD/\*M \*V 80.Sh NAME 81.Nm INSTALL 82.Nd Installation procedure for 83.Nx*M . 84.Sh CONTENTS 85.Tc 86.Sh DESCRIPTION 87. 88.Ss About this Document 89.Pp 90. 91This document describes the installation procedure for 92.Nx 93\*V on the 94.Em \*M 95platform. 96It is available in four different formats titled 97.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 98where 99.Ar \&.ext 100is one of 101.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 102.No or Pa \&.txt : 103.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 104.It Pa \&.ps 105PostScript. 106.It Pa \&.html 107.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 108.It Pa \&.more 109The enhanced text format used on 110.Ul 111systems by the 112.Xr more 1 113and 114.Xr less 1 115pager utility programs. 116This is the format in which the on-line 117.Em man 118pages are generally presented. 119.It Pa \&.txt 120Plain old 121.Tn ASCII . 122.tag) 123.Pp 124You are reading the 125.Em \*[format] 126version. 127. 128.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\ 129.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 130.Pp 131This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 132install 133.Nx 134\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. 135.Bl -bullet 136.It 137Fetch files needed to install 138.Nx . 139.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 140.Pp 141Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the 142full distribution. 143.Pp 144These can be found 145on an FTP site near you, usually located in the 146.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/ 147directory. 148Check the list of 149.Nx 150.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors mirrors 151for details. 152.Pp 153Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from 154.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ . 155.Pp 156These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. 157They are intended for network installs or system repair. 158.Pa boot.iso 159is for VGA console installation, and 160.Pa boot-com.iso 161is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 162.Pp 163.\} \" amd64:i386 164.if \n[i386] \{\ 165Option 3: boot floppy images from 166.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ . 167.Pp 168.Pa boot1.fs 169and 170.Pa boot2.fs 171are floppy images for VGA console installation. 172.Pa boot-com1.fs 173and 174.Pa boot-com2.fs 175are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 176.\} \" i386 177.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 178.It 179The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. 180This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI 181implementations. 182.Pp 183To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the 184.Nx 185boot prompt. 186Type 187.Ic boot -2 188to boot with ACPI disabled. 189.\} \" amd64:i386 190.if \n[macppc] \{\ 191The files depend on which model you 192are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 193For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 194fetch the pair of boot floppy images 195.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs 196and 197.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 198which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 199For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 200bootloader 201.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf 202and the installation kernel 203.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 204If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 205.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso . 206.\} 207.if \n[sparc] \{\ 208Fetch a CD image, 209.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso . 210You need the CD to boot your system. 211.\} 212.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 213This is either a CD image 214.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso 215which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader 216.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot 217which can be booted from a 218.Tn Solaris 219or 220.Nx 221partition. 222.\} 223.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 224Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 225covered below, in detail. 226.\} 227.It 228The actual binary distribution is in the 229.Pa \*M/binary/sets/ 230directory. 231When you boot the install 232.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM, 233.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies, 234.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 235.if \n[sparc] CD-ROM, 236.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, 237the installation program 238can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) 239if you have a network connection. 240There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 241your machine. 242.Pp 243You will at a minimum need 244.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 245one of the kernel sets, typically 246.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 247as well as 248.\} 249.el \{\ 250the following sets: 251.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 252.\} 253.Pa base.\*[setsuffix] 254and 255.Pa etc.\*[setsuffix] . 256In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 257all the installation sets. 258.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 259.It 260Write the boot images 261.Pp 262Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. 263.Pp 264If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which 265is gzipped. 266.if \n[amd64] \{\ 267Note the \*M architecture has two images, NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz 268and NetBSD-\*V-\*M-bios-install.img.gz. The latter is intended for older 269hardware which is unable to boot using a hybrid MBR and GPT image. 270.\} 271.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz" 272Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. 273Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you 274specify, so double check the device before running! 275On 276.Ul 277operating systems, use a command similar to the following, 278replacing 279.Pa /dev/rsd0d 280with the appropriate device for your system: 281.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k" 282On Windows, you will need to use a program such as 283.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ "Win32 Disk Imager" , 284or 285.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 Rawrite32 . 286If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 287the 288.Ic rawrite.exe 289MS-DOS program 290in the 291.Pa \*M/installation/misc/ 292directory may be of help. 293.\} 294.if \n[macppc] \{\ 295.It 296If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 297.Ic suntar 298(MacOS 9), 299.Ic rawrite 300(Windows), or 301.Ic dd 302(any 303.Ul 304system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 305.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 306to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 307If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 308.\} 309.if \n[sparc] \{\ 310.It 311Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 312Burn the CD. 313.\} 314.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 315.It 316Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 317at the root level of a bootable 318.Tn Solaris 319or 320.Nx 321partition. 322.\} 323.Pp 324The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 325kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 326.Nx . 327.if \n[macppc] \{\ 328.It 329Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 330.Nx*M 331.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html "Model Support webpage" . 332.Pp 333At present, 334.Nx*M 335cannot exist on the same hard drive as 336.Tn Mac OS 337unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 338Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated 339.Nx 340drive \(em you must use the entire disk, 341partitioned with the installation tools. 342Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 343.Nx 344on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 345your disk before running the installer, then select the 346.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 347option in the installer (selecting the 348.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 349or 350.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 351options will render your drive unbootable). 352If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 353.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 354.It 355For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 356Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 357keyboard. 358To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 359.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 360keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 361Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 362part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 363.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 364.Pp 365You should have the Open Firmware 366.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]" 367prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 368.Nx*M . 369.\} 370.if \n[macppc] \{\ 371.It 372At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 373To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 374.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 375For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3763), the command is 377.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 378.Pp 379For boot CDs, the command is something like 380.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 381(for Open Firmware 3) or 382.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 383(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 384You will need to use the correct case for 385.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 386depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 387file system. 388You may need to replace 389.Ic cd 390with 391.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 392or some other device alias. 393You should also use the Open Firmware 394.Ic dir 395command to confirm that the 396.Nx*M 397kernel is called 398.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 399You may want to read the section below on 400.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 401.\} 402.if \n[macppc] \{\ 403.It 404.Pp 405PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies 406.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs 407and 408.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs , 409a different kernel set 410.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.\*[setsuffix] , 411and a different install kernel 412.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz . 413The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify 414the 601 kernel, i.e., replace 415.Ic netbsd.macppc 416with 417.Ic netbsd.601 418. 419.\} 420.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 421.It 422You will need to get to the 423.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM 424.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware 425.Dq Ic "ok" 426prompt. 427After your system first powers on and displays some initial information, 428press the 429.Key STOP-A 430keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. 431At the 432.Dq Ic "ok" 433prompt, type the command to boot your system into 434.Nx . 435.\} 436.if \n[sparc] \{\ 437The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 438your model): 439.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 440.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 441or 442.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 443.\} 444.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 445The command to boot from CD is: 446.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 447The command to boot the 448.Nx 449kernel from a 450.Tn Solaris 451or 452.Nx 453partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. 454To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: 455.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . 456When it asks you for a kernel, specify 457.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" 458.\} 459.It 460For third-party programs which are not part of the base 461.Nx 462distribution, you will want to explore the 463.Ic pkgsrc 464package management system, which contains thousands of third-party software 465applications. 466.El 467.\} 468.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 469.Pp 470. 471The 472.Nx 473Operating System is a fully functional open-source operating system derived 474from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4754.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 476.Nx 477runs on many different different system architectures (ports) 478across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. 479The 480.Nx 481\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these 482system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in 483source form. 484Please see the 485.Nx 486.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ website 487for information on them. 488.Pp 489.Nx 490is a completely integrated system. 491In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 492.nh 493.Nx 494features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 495languages, the X Window System, firewall software 496and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 497.Pp 498.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 499.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 500.Nx 501is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 502Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 503possible, 504.Nx 505would not exist. 506. 507.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] \ 508and \n[major] Releases 509.el .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] and \ 510\n[major] Releases, and newer 511.Pp 512The 513.Nx 514\*V release 515provides many significant changes, including support for many new 516devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and 517numerous userland enhancements. 518The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 519production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 520.Pp 521.if !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ \ 522Please note that this build is a development snapshot, not a formal release. 523You are testing the bleeding edge of 524.Nx 525development, and no formal or informal testing may have been done for 526this snapshot (yet). 527.Pp 528.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ 529It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that 530went into the 531.Nx 532\*V release. 533.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 534The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 535.br 536.Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES" CHANGES 537.de showdotchanges 538. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 539. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 540. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 541. br 542. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\\$1" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1" 543.. 544.showdotchanges \n[minor] 545.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 546. br 547. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\n[nextminor]" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]" 548.\} 549.br 550files in the top level directory of the NetBSD \n[major].\n[minor] release tree. 551.Pp 552. 553.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 554.el \{\ 555The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 556.br 557.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES CHANGES 558.br 559.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES.prev CHANGES.prev 560.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 561. 562.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release" 563The following features are to be removed from 564.Nx 565in the future: 566.Bl -bullet -offset indent 567.It 568.Xr groff 1 . 569Man pages are now handled with 570.Xr mandoc 1 , 571and 572.Xr groff 1 573can still be found in pkgsrc as 574.Pa textproc/groff . 575.It 576.Xr pf 4 . 577This packet filter is obsolete and unmaintained in 578.Nx . 579It will be eventually removed due to possible long-standing 580security issues and lack of multiprocessor support. 581New installations should use 582.Xr npf 7 . 583.El 584.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation" 585.Pp 586. 587The 588.Nx 589Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation 590that devotes itself to the traditional goals and spirit of the 591.Nx 592Project and owns the trademark of the word 593.Dq NetBSD . 594It supports the design, development, and adoption of 595.Nx 596worldwide. 597More information on the 598.Nx 599Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: 600.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ 601.br_ne 10P 602. 603.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 604.Pp 605. 606Refer to 607.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ mirrors 608.br_ne 10P 609. 610.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 611.Pp 612. 613The root directory of the 614.Nx 615\*V release is organized as follows: 616.Pp 617.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 618.(tag README.files 619.It Li CHANGES 620.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] Changes between the \n[oldvers].0 and \ 621\n[major].0 releases. 622.el Changes after the netbsd-\n[major] branch. 623.if \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 624.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].0 625Changes between the initial \n[major].0 branch and final release of \n[major].0. 626.de showdotchanges 627. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 628. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 629. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 630. It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1 631Changes between the \n[major].\\n[ominor] and the \n[major].\\$1 release. 632.. 633.if \n[minor] .showdotchanges \n[minor] 634.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 635.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor] 636Changes after the release of \n[major].\n[minor]. 637.\} \" \n[nextminor] > \n[minor] 638.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 639.It Li CHANGES.prev 640Changes in previous 641.Nx 642releases. 643.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 644.It Li LAST_MINUTE 645Last minute changes and notes about the release. 646.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 647.It Li README.files 648README describing the distribution's contents. 649.It Pa images/ 650Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. 651Depending on your system, these may be bootable. 652.It Pa source/ 653Source distribution sets; see below. 654.tag) 655.Pp 656In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 657directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 658.Nx 659\*V has a binary distribution. 660.Pp 661The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 662.Pa source 663subdirectory of the distribution tree. 664They contain the complete sources to the system. 665The source distribution sets are as follows: 666.(tag sharesrc 667.It Sy gnusrc 668This set contains the 669.Dq gnu 670sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 671and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 672.It Sy sharesrc 673This set contains the 674.Dq share 675sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 676with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 677set; the dictionaries; and more. 678.It Sy src 679This set contains all of the base 680.Nx 681\*V sources which are not in 682.Sy gnusrc , 683.Sy sharesrc , 684or 685.Sy syssrc . 686.It Sy syssrc 687This set contains the sources to the 688.Nx 689\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the 690.Xr config 1 691utility. 692.It Sy xsrc 693This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 694.tag) 695.Pp 696All the above source sets are located in the 697.Pa source/sets 698subdirectory of the distribution tree. 699.Pp 700The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 701Except for the 702.Sy pkgsrc 703set, which is traditionally unpacked into 704.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 705all sets may be unpacked into 706.Pa /usr/src 707with the command: 708.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.\*[setsuffix]" 709.Pp 710In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 711files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 712.(tag SHA512 -offset indent 713.It Li MD5 714.Tn MD5 715digests in the format produced by the command: 716.br 717.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file . 718.It Li SHA512 719.Tn SHA512 720digests in the format produced by the command: 721.br 722.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file . 723.tag) 724.Pp 725The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider 726range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. 727. 728.so contents ----------------------------------------------- 729. 730. 731.(Note 732Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 733own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 734.Note) 735.br_ne 7P 736. 737.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 738. 739.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 740.br_ne 7P 741. 742.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 743. 744.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 745.br_ne 7P 746. 747.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 748. 749.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 750.br_ne 7P 751. 752.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 753.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 754. 755.so install ----------------------------------------------- 756.br_ne 7P 757. 758.Ss "Post installation steps" 759. 760.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 761.br_ne 7P 762. 763.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 764. 765.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 766.br_ne 7P 767. 768.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 769.Pp 770. 771Users upgrading from previous versions of 772.Nx 773may wish to bear the 774following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 775.Nx 776\*V. 777.Pp 778Note that 779.Ic sysinst 780will automatically invoke 781.(disp 782postinstall fix 783.disp) 784and thus all issues that are fixed by 785.Ic postinstall 786by default will be handled. 787.Pp 788A number of things have been removed from the 789.Nx 790\*V release. 791See the 792.Dq Components removed from NetBSD 793section near the beginning of this document for a list. 794.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 795.Pp 796Documentation is available if you installed the manual 797distribution set. 798Traditionally, the 799.Dq man pages 800(documentation) are denoted by 801.Sq Li name(section) . 802Some examples of this are 803.Pp 804.(bullet -compact -offset indent 805.Xr intro 1 , 806.It 807.Xr man 1 , 808.It 809.Xr apropos 1 , 810.It 811.Xr passwd 1 , 812and 813.It 814.Xr passwd 5 . 815.bullet) 816.Pp 817The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 818are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 819are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 820.Pp 821.No The Em man 822command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 823started by entering 824.Ic man 825.Op Ar section 826.Ar topic . 827The brackets 828.Op \& 829around the 830section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 831optional. 832If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 833lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 834For instance, after logging in, enter 835.Pp 836.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 837.Pp 838to read the documentation for 839.Xr passwd 1 . 840To view the documentation for 841.Xr passwd 5 , 842enter 843.Pp 844.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 845.Pp 846instead. 847.Pp 848If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 849.Pp 850.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word 851.Pp 852where 853.Ar subject-word 854is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 855related man pages will be displayed. 856. 857.Ss Administrivia 858.Pp 859. 860If you've got something to say, do so! 861We'd like your input. 862There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 863server at 864.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . 865See 866.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 867for details. 868.Pp 869There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 870questions about this release. 871Please send comments to: 872.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . 873.Pp 874To report bugs, use the 875.Xr send-pr 1 876command shipped with 877.Nx , 878and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 879Good bug reports include lots of details. 880.Pp 881Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at 882.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html 883.Pp 884There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 885each port of 886.Nx . 887Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 888.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 889.Pp 890If 891you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 892port, you probably should contact the 893.Sq owner 894of that port (listed 895below). 896.Pp 897If you'd like to help with 898.Nx , 899and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 900.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org . 901.Pp 902As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 903mailing lists. 904Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 905then mail the appropriate list about it. 906If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to 907those who want it. 908. 909.Ss Thanks go to 910. 911.(bullet 912The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 913including (but not limited to): 914.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 915Keith Bostic 916Ralph Campbell 917Mike Karels 918Marshall Kirk McKusick 919.Ed 920.Pp 921for their work on 922.Bx 923systems, support, and encouragement. 924.It 925The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the 926.Nx 927FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. 928.It 929The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 930which runs the CVSweb interface to the 931.Nx 932source tree. 933.It 934The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting 935the build cluster. 936.It 937The many organizations that provide 938.Nx 939mirror sites. 940.It 941Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 942go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 943who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 944.It 945We list the individuals and organizations 946that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 947.Nx 948development, and deserve credit for it at 949.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ 950(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 951We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 952wanted to be listed.) 953.It 954Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 955developing 956.Nx 957since its inception in January, 1993. 958(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 959If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) 960.bullet) 961. 962.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 963.Pp 964. 965All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 966trademarks of their respective owners. 967.Pp 968The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 969the software that we have mentioned in this document: 970.Pp 971.nr save_size \n[.s] 972.nr save_vs \n[.v] 973.ps 8 974.vs 9 975.Ht <font size=-1> 976.(item -compact 977.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 978.item) 979.Ht </font> 980.ps 981.vs 982.Ss "The End" 983