1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.563 2020/07/26 11:05:39 jmcneill Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 16.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 17.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 18.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 20.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 21.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 23.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 24.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 25.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.ig 28 29 To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes 30 and type "make". This will create 31 src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*. 32 33 We keep most of the notes the same on HEAD and release branches, 34 but some of this are not appropriate for HEAD/current. Also 35 some locations differ for actual release, so we distinguish 36 between: 37 38 RELEASE_BRANCH == 1 39 this is on a release branch (not -current) 40 RELEASE_BRANCH == 0 41 this is current, not yet branched 42 FOR_RELEASE == 1 43 this is an official release (will be signed and placed 44 on ftp/cdn) 45 FOR_RELEASE == 0 46 this is a local build or a "daily" build on the build 47 cluster 48.. 49. 50.tm Processing INSTALL 51. 52.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 53. 54.nr oldvers ( \n[major] - 1 ) 55.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 56.ds RELEASE_URL https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V 57.\} 58.el \{\ 59.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 60.ds ftppath netbsd-\n[major] 61.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 62.el .ds ftppath HEAD 63.ds RELEASE_URL https://nycdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/\*[ftppath]/latest 64.\} \" !\n[FOR_RELEASE] 65.nr DOC_XR 1 66.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari 67.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips 68.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh 69.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 70.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 71.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips 72.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus . 73.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 74. 75.\" Override <title> for HTML output 76.if rHTML .ds title-section Installation procedure for NetBSD/\*M \*V 77.Dd \*[cur_date] 78.Dt INSTALL 8 79.Os NetBSD/\*M \*V 80.Sh NAME 81.Nm INSTALL 82.Nd Installation procedure for 83.Nx*M . 84.Sh CONTENTS 85.Tc 86.Sh DESCRIPTION 87. 88.Ss About this Document 89.Pp 90. 91This document describes the installation procedure for 92.Nx 93\*V on the 94.Em \*M 95platform. 96It is available in four different formats titled 97.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 98where 99.Ar \&.ext 100is one of 101.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 102.No or Pa \&.txt : 103.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 104.It Pa \&.ps 105PostScript. 106.It Pa \&.html 107.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 108.It Pa \&.more 109The enhanced text format used on 110.Ul 111systems by the 112.Xr more 1 113and 114.Xr less 1 115pager utility programs. 116This is the format in which the on-line 117.Em man 118pages are generally presented. 119.It Pa \&.txt 120Plain old 121.Tn ASCII . 122.tag) 123.Pp 124You are reading the 125.Em \*[format] 126version. 127. 128.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\ 129.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 130.Pp 131This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 132install 133.Nx 134\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. 135.Bl -bullet 136.It 137Fetch files needed to install 138.Nx . 139.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 140.Pp 141Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the 142full distribution. 143.Pp 144These can be found 145on an FTP site near you, usually located in the 146.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/ 147directory. 148Check the list of 149.Nx 150.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors mirrors 151for details. 152.Pp 153Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from 154.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ . 155.Pp 156These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets. 157They are intended for network installs or system repair. 158.Pa boot.iso 159is for VGA console installation, and 160.Pa boot-com.iso 161is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 162.Pp 163.\} \" amd64:i386 164.if \n[i386] \{\ 165Option 3: boot floppy images from 166.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ . 167.Pp 168.Pa boot1.fs 169and 170.Pa boot2.fs 171are floppy images for VGA console installation. 172.Pa boot-com1.fs 173and 174.Pa boot-com2.fs 175are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud). 176.\} \" i386 177.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 178.It 179The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled. 180This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI 181implementations. 182.Pp 183To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the 184.Nx 185boot prompt. 186Type 187.Ic boot -2 188to boot with ACPI disabled. 189.\} \" amd64:i386 190.if \n[macppc] \{\ 191The files depend on which model you 192are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 193For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 194fetch the pair of boot floppy images 195.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs 196and 197.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , 198which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 199For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the 200bootloader 201.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf 202and the installation kernel 203.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 204If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, 205.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso . 206.\} 207.if \n[sparc] \{\ 208Fetch a CD image, 209.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso 210or the floppy disk images, 211.Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk2 . 212You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system. 213.\} 214.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 215This is either a CD image 216.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso 217which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader 218.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot 219which can be booted from a 220.Tn Solaris 221or 222.Nx 223partition. 224.\} 225.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 226Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is 227covered below, in detail. 228.\} 229.It 230The actual binary distribution is in the 231.Pa \*M/binary/sets/ 232directory. 233When you boot the install 234.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM, 235.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies, 236.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 237.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM, 238.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, 239the installation program 240can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp) 241if you have a network connection. 242There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 243your machine. 244.Pp 245You will at a minimum need 246.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 247one of the kernel sets, typically 248.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 249as well as 250.\} 251.el \{\ 252the following sets: 253.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] , 254.\} 255.Pa base.\*[setsuffix] 256and 257.Pa etc.\*[setsuffix] . 258In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 259all the installation sets. 260.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\ 261.It 262Write the boot images 263.Pp 264Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs. 265.Pp 266If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which 267is gzipped. 268.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz" 269Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive. 270Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you 271specify, so double check the device before running! 272On 273.Ul 274operating systems, use a command similar to the following, 275replacing 276.Pa /dev/rsd0d 277with the appropriate device for your system: 278.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k" 279On Windows, you will need to use a program such as 280.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ "Win32 Disk Imager" , 281or 282.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 Rawrite32 . 283.if \n[amd64]:\n[i386] \{\ 284If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 285the 286.Ic rawrite.exe 287MS-DOS program 288in the 289.Pa \*M/installation/misc/ 290directory may be of help. 291.\} 292.\} 293.if \n[macppc] \{\ 294.It 295If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 296.Ic suntar 297(MacOS 9), 298.Ic rawrite 299(Windows), or 300.Ic dd 301(any 302.Ul 303system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag 304.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 305to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 306If you are using the CD image, burn it now. 307.\} 308.if \n[sparc] \{\ 309.It 310Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 311Burn the CD. 312Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies 313(after uncompressing disk1.gz). 314.\} 315.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 316.It 317Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 318at the root level of a bootable 319.Tn Solaris 320or 321.Nx 322partition. 323.\} 324.Pp 325The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 326kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 327.Nx . 328.if \n[macppc] \{\ 329.It 330Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 331.Nx*M 332.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html "Model Support webpage" . 333.Pp 334At present, 335.Nx*M 336cannot exist on the same hard drive as 337.Tn Mac OS 338unless you partition your disk before running the installer. 339Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated 340.Nx 341drive \(em you must use the entire disk, 342partitioned with the installation tools. 343Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 344.Nx 345on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition 346your disk before running the installer, then select the 347.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 348option in the installer (selecting the 349.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 350or 351.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 352options will render your drive unbootable). 353If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 354.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 355.It 356For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 357Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 358keyboard. 359To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 360.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 361keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. 362Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 363part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 364.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 365.Pp 366You should have the Open Firmware 367.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]" 368prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 369.Nx*M . 370.\} 371.if \n[macppc] \{\ 372.It 373At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 374To boot from the installation floppies, the command is 375.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . 376For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3773), the command is 378.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 379.Pp 380For boot CDs, the command is something like 381.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 382(for Open Firmware 3) or 383.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 384(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 385You will need to use the correct case for 386.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 387depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 388file system. 389You may need to replace 390.Ic cd 391with 392.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 393or some other device alias. 394You should also use the Open Firmware 395.Ic dir 396command to confirm that the 397.Nx*M 398kernel is called 399.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 400You may want to read the section below on 401.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax 402.\} 403.if \n[macppc] \{\ 404.It 405.Pp 406PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies 407.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs 408and 409.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs , 410a different kernel set 411.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.\*[setsuffix] , 412and a different install kernel 413.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz . 414The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify 415the 601 kernel, i.e., replace 416.Ic netbsd.macppc 417with 418.Ic netbsd.601 419. 420.\} 421.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ 422.It 423You will need to get to the 424.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM 425.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware 426.Dq Ic "ok" 427prompt. 428After your system first powers on and displays some initial information, 429press the 430.Key STOP-A 431keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. 432At the 433.Dq Ic "ok" 434prompt, type the command to boot your system into 435.Nx . 436.\} 437.if \n[sparc] \{\ 438The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 439your model): 440.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 441.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 442or 443.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 444.Pp 445The command to boot from floppy is either 446.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1) 447or 448.Dq Ic boot floppy . 449The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready 450for it. 451.\} 452.if \n[sparc64] \{\ 453The command to boot from CD is: 454.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 455The command to boot the 456.Nx 457kernel from a 458.Tn Solaris 459or 460.Nx 461partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. 462To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: 463.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . 464When it asks you for a kernel, specify 465.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" 466.\} 467.It 468For third-party programs which are not part of the base 469.Nx 470distribution, you will want to explore the 471.Ic pkgsrc 472package management system, which contains thousands of third party software 473applications. 474.El 475.\} 476.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 477.Pp 478. 479The 480.Nx 481Operating System is a fully functional 482.Tn Open Source 483.Ul 484operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley 485Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 486.Nx 487runs on many different different system architectures (ports) 488across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. 489The 490.Nx 491\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these 492system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in 493source form. 494Please see the 495.Nx 496.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ website 497for information on them. 498.Pp 499.Nx 500is a completely integrated system. 501In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 502.nh 503.Nx 504features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 505languages, the X Window System, firewall software 506and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 507.Pp 508.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 509.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 510.Nx 511is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 512Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 513possible, 514.Nx 515would not exist. 516. 517.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] \ 518and \n[major] Releases 519.el .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] and \ 520\n[major] Releases, and newer 521.Pp 522The 523.Nx 524\*V release 525provides many significant changes, including support for many new 526devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and 527numerous userland enhancements. 528The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 529production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 530.Pp 531.if !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ \ 532Please note that this build is a development snapshot, not a formal release. 533You are testing the bleeding edge of 534.Nx 535development, and no formal or informal testing may have been done for 536this snapshot (yet). 537.Pp 538.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ 539It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that 540went into the 541.Nx 542\*V release. 543.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 544The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 545.br 546.Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES" CHANGES 547.de showdotchanges 548. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 549. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 550. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 551. br 552. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\\$1" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1" 553.. 554.showdotchanges \n[minor] 555.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 556. br 557. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\n[nextminor]" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]" 558.\} 559.br 560files in the top level directory of the NetBSD \n[major].\n[minor] release tree. 561.Pp 562. 563.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 564.el \{\ 565The complete list of changes can be found in the following files: 566.br 567.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES CHANGES 568.br 569.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES.prev CHANGES.prev 570.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 571. 572.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release" 573The following features are to be removed from 574.Nx 575in the future: 576.(bullet 577.Xr groff 1 . 578Man pages are now handled with 579.Xr mandoc 1 , 580and 581.Xr groff 1 582can still be found in pkgsrc as 583.Pa textproc/groff . 584. 585.bullet) 586.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation" 587.Pp 588. 589The 590.Nx 591Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation 592that devotes itself to the traditional goals and Spirit of the 593.Nx 594Project and owns the trademark of the word 595.Dq NetBSD . 596It supports the design, development, and adoption of 597.Nx 598worldwide. 599More information on the 600.Nx 601Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at: 602.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/ 603.br_ne 10P 604. 605.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 606.Pp 607. 608Refer to 609.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ mirrors 610.br_ne 10P 611. 612.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 613.Pp 614. 615The root directory of the 616.Nx 617\*V release is organized as follows: 618.Pp 619.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 620.(tag README.files 621.It Li CHANGES 622.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] Changes between the \n[oldvers].0 and \ 623\n[major].0 releases. 624.el Changes after the netbsd-\n[major] branch. 625.if \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\ 626.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].0 627Changes between the initial \n[major].0 branch and final release of \n[major].0. 628.de showdotchanges 629. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 630. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor] 631. nr ominor (\\$1-1) 632. It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1 633Changes between the \n[major].\\n[ominor] and the \n[major].\\$1 release. 634.. 635.if \n[minor] .showdotchanges \n[minor] 636.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\ 637.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor] 638Changes after the release of \n[major].\n[minor]. 639.\} \" \n[nextminor] > \n[minor] 640.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] 641.It Li CHANGES.prev 642Changes in previous 643.Nx 644releases. 645.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 646.It Li LAST_MINUTE 647Last minute changes and notes about the release. 648.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 649.It Li README.files 650README describing the distribution's contents. 651.It Pa images/ 652Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD. 653Depending on your system, these may be bootable. 654.It Pa source/ 655Source distribution sets; see below. 656.tag) 657.Pp 658In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 659directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 660.Nx 661\*V has a binary distribution. 662.Pp 663The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 664.Pa source 665subdirectory of the distribution tree. 666They contain the complete sources to the system. 667The source distribution sets are as follows: 668.(tag sharesrc 669.It Sy gnusrc 670This set contains the 671.Dq gnu 672sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 673and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 674.It Sy sharesrc 675This set contains the 676.Dq share 677sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 678with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 679set; the dictionaries; and more. 680.It Sy src 681This set contains all of the base 682.Nx 683\*V sources which are not in 684.Sy gnusrc , 685.Sy sharesrc , 686or 687.Sy syssrc . 688.It Sy syssrc 689This set contains the sources to the 690.Nx 691\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the 692.Xr config 1 693utility. 694.It Sy xsrc 695This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 696.tag) 697.Pp 698All the above source sets are located in the 699.Pa source/sets 700subdirectory of the distribution tree. 701.Pp 702The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 703Except for the 704.Sy pkgsrc 705set, which is traditionally unpacked into 706.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 707all sets may be unpacked into 708.Pa /usr/src 709with the command: 710.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.\*[setsuffix]" 711.Pp 712In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 713files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 714.(tag SHA512 -offset indent 715.It Li MD5 716.Tn MD5 717digests in the format produced by the command: 718.br 719.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file . 720.It Li SHA512 721.Tn SHA512 722digests in the format produced by the command: 723.br 724.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file . 725.tag) 726.Pp 727The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider 728range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. 729. 730.so contents ----------------------------------------------- 731. 732. 733.(Note 734Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 735own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 736.Note) 737.br_ne 7P 738. 739.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 740. 741.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 742.br_ne 7P 743. 744.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 745. 746.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 747.br_ne 7P 748. 749.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 750. 751.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 752.br_ne 7P 753. 754.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 755.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 756. 757.so install ----------------------------------------------- 758.br_ne 7P 759. 760.Ss "Post installation steps" 761. 762.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 763.br_ne 7P 764. 765.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 766. 767.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 768.br_ne 7P 769. 770.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 771.Pp 772. 773Users upgrading from previous versions of 774.Nx 775may wish to bear the 776following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 777.Nx 778\*V. 779.Pp 780Note that 781.Ic sysinst 782will automatically invoke 783.(disp 784postinstall fix 785.disp) 786and thus all issues that are fixed by 787.Ic postinstall 788by default will be handled. 789.Pp 790A number of things have been removed from the 791.Nx 792\*V release. 793See the 794.Dq Components removed from NetBSD 795section near the beginning of this document for a list. 796.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 797.Pp 798Documentation is available if you installed the manual 799distribution set. 800Traditionally, the 801.Dq man pages 802(documentation) are denoted by 803.Sq Li name(section) . 804Some examples of this are 805.Pp 806.(bullet -compact -offset indent 807.Xr intro 1 , 808.It 809.Xr man 1 , 810.It 811.Xr apropos 1 , 812.It 813.Xr passwd 1 , 814and 815.It 816.Xr passwd 5 . 817.bullet) 818.Pp 819The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 820are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 821are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 822.Pp 823.No The Em man 824command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 825started by entering 826.Ic man 827.Op Ar section 828.Ar topic . 829The brackets 830.Op \& 831around the 832section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 833optional. 834If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 835lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 836For instance, after logging in, enter 837.Pp 838.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 839.Pp 840to read the documentation for 841.Xr passwd 1 . 842To view the documentation for 843.Xr passwd 5 , 844enter 845.Pp 846.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 847.Pp 848instead. 849.Pp 850If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 851.Pp 852.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word 853.Pp 854where 855.Ar subject-word 856is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 857related man pages will be displayed. 858. 859.Ss Administrivia 860.Pp 861. 862If you've got something to say, do so! 863We'd like your input. 864There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 865server at 866.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . 867See 868.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 869for details. 870.Pp 871There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 872questions about this release. 873Please send comments to: 874.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . 875.Pp 876To report bugs, use the 877.Xr send-pr 1 878command shipped with 879.Nx , 880and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 881Good bug reports include lots of details. 882.Pp 883Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at 884.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html 885.Pp 886There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 887each port of 888.Nx . 889Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 890.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/ 891.Pp 892If 893you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 894port, you probably should contact the 895.Sq owner 896of that port (listed 897below). 898.Pp 899If you'd like to help with 900.Nx , 901and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 902.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org . 903.Pp 904As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 905mailing lists. 906Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 907then mail the appropriate list about it. 908If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to 909those who want it. 910. 911.Ss Thanks go to 912. 913.(bullet 914The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 915including (but not limited to): 916.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 917Keith Bostic 918Ralph Campbell 919Mike Karels 920Marshall Kirk McKusick 921.Ed 922.Pp 923for their work on 924.Bx 925systems, support, and encouragement. 926.It 927The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the 928.Nx 929FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. 930.It 931The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 932which runs the CVSweb interface to the 933.Nx 934source tree. 935.It 936The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting 937the build cluster. 938.It 939The many organizations that provide 940.Nx 941mirror sites. 942.It 943Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 944go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 945who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 946.It 947We list the individuals and organizations 948that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 949.Nx 950development, and deserve credit for it at 951.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/ 952(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 953We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 954wanted to be listed.) 955.It 956Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 957developing 958.Nx 959since its inception in January, 1993. 960(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 961If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!) 962.bullet) 963. 964.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 965.Pp 966. 967All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 968trademarks of their respective owners. 969.Pp 970The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 971the software that we have mentioned in this document: 972.Pp 973.nr save_size \n[.s] 974.nr save_vs \n[.v] 975.ps 8 976.vs 9 977.Ht <font size=-1> 978.(item -compact 979.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 980.item) 981.Ht </font> 982.ps 983.vs 984.Ss "The End" 985