xref: /netbsd-src/dist/pf/sbin/pfctl/pfctl_optimize.c (revision b1c86f5f087524e68db12794ee9c3e3da1ab17a0)
1 /*	$NetBSD: pfctl_optimize.c,v 1.6 2008/06/18 09:06:26 yamt Exp $	*/
2 /*	$OpenBSD: pfctl_optimize.c,v 1.13 2006/10/31 14:17:45 mcbride Exp $ */
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 2004 Mike Frantzen <frantzen@openbsd.org>
6  *
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
8  * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
9  * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
10  *
11  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
12  * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
13  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
14  * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
15  * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
16  * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
17  * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
18  */
19 
20 #include <sys/types.h>
21 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
22 #include <sys/socket.h>
23 
24 #include <net/if.h>
25 #include <net/pfvar.h>
26 
27 #include <netinet/in.h>
28 #include <arpa/inet.h>
29 
30 #include <assert.h>
31 #include <ctype.h>
32 #include <err.h>
33 #include <errno.h>
34 #include <stddef.h>
35 #include <stdio.h>
36 #include <stdlib.h>
37 #include <string.h>
38 
39 #include "pfctl_parser.h"
40 #include "pfctl.h"
41 
42 /* The size at which a table becomes faster than individual rules */
43 #define TABLE_THRESHOLD		6
44 
45 
46 /* #define OPT_DEBUG	1 */
47 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
48 # define DEBUG(str, v...) \
49 	printf("%s: " str "\n", __FUNCTION__ , ## v)
50 #else
51 # define DEBUG(str, v...) ((void)0)
52 #endif
53 
54 
55 /*
56  * A container that lets us sort a superblock to optimize the skip step jumps
57  */
58 struct pf_skip_step {
59 	int				ps_count;	/* number of items */
60 	TAILQ_HEAD( , pf_opt_rule)	ps_rules;
61 	TAILQ_ENTRY(pf_skip_step)	ps_entry;
62 };
63 
64 
65 /*
66  * A superblock is a block of adjacent rules of similar action.  If there
67  * are five PASS rules in a row, they all become members of a superblock.
68  * Once we have a superblock, we are free to re-order any rules within it
69  * in order to improve performance; if a packet is passed, it doesn't matter
70  * who passed it.
71  */
72 struct superblock {
73 	TAILQ_HEAD( , pf_opt_rule)		 sb_rules;
74 	TAILQ_ENTRY(superblock)			 sb_entry;
75 	struct superblock			*sb_profiled_block;
76 	TAILQ_HEAD(skiplist, pf_skip_step)	 sb_skipsteps[PF_SKIP_COUNT];
77 };
78 TAILQ_HEAD(superblocks, superblock);
79 
80 
81 /*
82  * Description of the PF rule structure.
83  */
84 enum {
85     BARRIER,	/* the presence of the field puts the rule in it's own block */
86     BREAK,	/* the field may not differ between rules in a superblock */
87     NOMERGE,	/* the field may not differ between rules when combined */
88     COMBINED,	/* the field may itself be combined with other rules */
89     DC,		/* we just don't care about the field */
90     NEVER};	/* we should never see this field set?!? */
91 struct pf_rule_field {
92 	const char	*prf_name;
93 	int		 prf_type;
94 	size_t		 prf_offset;
95 	size_t		 prf_size;
96 } pf_rule_desc[] = {
97 #define PF_RULE_FIELD(field, ty)	\
98     {#field,				\
99     ty,					\
100     offsetof(struct pf_rule, field),	\
101     sizeof(((struct pf_rule *)0)->field)}
102 
103 
104     /*
105      * The presence of these fields in a rule put the rule in it's own
106      * superblock.  Thus it will not be optimized.  It also prevents the
107      * rule from being re-ordered at all.
108      */
109     PF_RULE_FIELD(label,		BARRIER),
110     PF_RULE_FIELD(prob,			BARRIER),
111     PF_RULE_FIELD(max_states,		BARRIER),
112     PF_RULE_FIELD(max_src_nodes,	BARRIER),
113     PF_RULE_FIELD(max_src_states,	BARRIER),
114     PF_RULE_FIELD(max_src_conn,		BARRIER),
115     PF_RULE_FIELD(max_src_conn_rate,	BARRIER),
116     PF_RULE_FIELD(anchor,		BARRIER),	/* for now */
117 
118     /*
119      * These fields must be the same between all rules in the same superblock.
120      * These rules are allowed to be re-ordered but only among like rules.
121      * For instance we can re-order all 'tag "foo"' rules because they have the
122      * same tag.  But we can not re-order between a 'tag "foo"' and a
123      * 'tag "bar"' since that would change the meaning of the ruleset.
124      */
125     PF_RULE_FIELD(tagname,		BREAK),
126     PF_RULE_FIELD(keep_state,		BREAK),
127     PF_RULE_FIELD(qname,		BREAK),
128     PF_RULE_FIELD(pqname,		BREAK),
129     PF_RULE_FIELD(rt,			BREAK),
130     PF_RULE_FIELD(allow_opts,		BREAK),
131     PF_RULE_FIELD(rule_flag,		BREAK),
132     PF_RULE_FIELD(action,		BREAK),
133     PF_RULE_FIELD(log,			BREAK),
134     PF_RULE_FIELD(quick,		BREAK),
135     PF_RULE_FIELD(return_ttl,		BREAK),
136     PF_RULE_FIELD(overload_tblname,	BREAK),
137     PF_RULE_FIELD(flush,		BREAK),
138     PF_RULE_FIELD(rpool,		BREAK),
139     PF_RULE_FIELD(logif,		BREAK),
140 
141     /*
142      * Any fields not listed in this structure act as BREAK fields
143      */
144 
145 
146     /*
147      * These fields must not differ when we merge two rules together but
148      * their difference isn't enough to put the rules in different superblocks.
149      * There are no problems re-ordering any rules with these fields.
150      */
151     PF_RULE_FIELD(af,			NOMERGE),
152     PF_RULE_FIELD(ifnot,		NOMERGE),
153     PF_RULE_FIELD(ifname,		NOMERGE),	/* hack for IF groups */
154     PF_RULE_FIELD(match_tag_not,	NOMERGE),
155     PF_RULE_FIELD(match_tagname,	NOMERGE),
156     PF_RULE_FIELD(os_fingerprint,	NOMERGE),
157     PF_RULE_FIELD(timeout,		NOMERGE),
158     PF_RULE_FIELD(return_icmp,		NOMERGE),
159     PF_RULE_FIELD(return_icmp6,		NOMERGE),
160     PF_RULE_FIELD(uid,			NOMERGE),
161     PF_RULE_FIELD(gid,			NOMERGE),
162     PF_RULE_FIELD(direction,		NOMERGE),
163     PF_RULE_FIELD(proto,		NOMERGE),
164     PF_RULE_FIELD(type,			NOMERGE),
165     PF_RULE_FIELD(code,			NOMERGE),
166     PF_RULE_FIELD(flags,		NOMERGE),
167     PF_RULE_FIELD(flagset,		NOMERGE),
168     PF_RULE_FIELD(tos,			NOMERGE),
169     PF_RULE_FIELD(src.port,		NOMERGE),
170     PF_RULE_FIELD(dst.port,		NOMERGE),
171     PF_RULE_FIELD(src.port_op,		NOMERGE),
172     PF_RULE_FIELD(dst.port_op,		NOMERGE),
173     PF_RULE_FIELD(src.neg,		NOMERGE),
174     PF_RULE_FIELD(dst.neg,		NOMERGE),
175 
176     /* These fields can be merged */
177     PF_RULE_FIELD(src.addr,		COMBINED),
178     PF_RULE_FIELD(dst.addr,		COMBINED),
179 
180     /* We just don't care about these fields.  They're set by the kernel */
181     PF_RULE_FIELD(skip,			DC),
182     PF_RULE_FIELD(evaluations,		DC),
183     PF_RULE_FIELD(packets,		DC),
184     PF_RULE_FIELD(bytes,		DC),
185     PF_RULE_FIELD(kif,			DC),
186     PF_RULE_FIELD(states,		DC),
187     PF_RULE_FIELD(src_nodes,		DC),
188     PF_RULE_FIELD(nr,			DC),
189     PF_RULE_FIELD(entries,		DC),
190     PF_RULE_FIELD(qid,			DC),
191     PF_RULE_FIELD(pqid,			DC),
192     PF_RULE_FIELD(anchor_relative,	DC),
193     PF_RULE_FIELD(anchor_wildcard,	DC),
194     PF_RULE_FIELD(tag,			DC),
195     PF_RULE_FIELD(match_tag,		DC),
196     PF_RULE_FIELD(overload_tbl,		DC),
197 
198     /* These fields should never be set in a PASS/BLOCK rule */
199     PF_RULE_FIELD(natpass,		NEVER),
200     PF_RULE_FIELD(max_mss,		NEVER),
201     PF_RULE_FIELD(min_ttl,		NEVER),
202 };
203 
204 
205 
206 int	add_opt_table(struct pfctl *, struct pf_opt_tbl **, sa_family_t,
207 	    struct pf_rule_addr *);
208 int	addrs_combineable(struct pf_rule_addr *, struct pf_rule_addr *);
209 int	addrs_equal(struct pf_rule_addr *, struct pf_rule_addr *);
210 int	block_feedback(struct pfctl *, struct superblock *);
211 int	combine_rules(struct pfctl *, struct superblock *);
212 void	comparable_rule(struct pf_rule *, const struct pf_rule *, int);
213 int	construct_superblocks(struct pfctl *, struct pf_opt_queue *,
214 	    struct superblocks *);
215 void	exclude_supersets(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
216 int	interface_group(const char *);
217 int	load_feedback_profile(struct pfctl *, struct superblocks *);
218 int	optimize_superblock(struct pfctl *, struct superblock *);
219 int	pf_opt_create_table(struct pfctl *, struct pf_opt_tbl *);
220 void	remove_from_skipsteps(struct skiplist *, struct superblock *,
221 	    struct pf_opt_rule *, struct pf_skip_step *);
222 int	remove_identical_rules(struct pfctl *, struct superblock *);
223 int	reorder_rules(struct pfctl *, struct superblock *, int);
224 int	rules_combineable(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
225 void	skip_append(struct superblock *, int, struct pf_skip_step *,
226 	    struct pf_opt_rule *);
227 int	skip_compare(int, struct pf_skip_step *, struct pf_opt_rule *);
228 void	skip_init(void);
229 int	skip_cmp_af(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
230 int	skip_cmp_dir(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
231 int	skip_cmp_dst_addr(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
232 int	skip_cmp_dst_port(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
233 int	skip_cmp_ifp(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
234 int	skip_cmp_proto(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
235 int	skip_cmp_src_addr(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
236 int	skip_cmp_src_port(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
237 int	superblock_inclusive(struct superblock *, struct pf_opt_rule *);
238 void	superblock_free(struct pfctl *, struct superblock *);
239 
240 
241 int (*skip_comparitors[PF_SKIP_COUNT])(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
242 const char *skip_comparitors_names[PF_SKIP_COUNT];
243 #define PF_SKIP_COMPARITORS {				\
244     { "ifp", PF_SKIP_IFP, skip_cmp_ifp },		\
245     { "dir", PF_SKIP_DIR, skip_cmp_dir },		\
246     { "af", PF_SKIP_AF, skip_cmp_af },			\
247     { "proto", PF_SKIP_PROTO, skip_cmp_proto },		\
248     { "saddr", PF_SKIP_SRC_ADDR, skip_cmp_src_addr },	\
249     { "sport", PF_SKIP_SRC_PORT, skip_cmp_src_port },	\
250     { "daddr", PF_SKIP_DST_ADDR, skip_cmp_dst_addr },	\
251     { "dport", PF_SKIP_DST_PORT, skip_cmp_dst_port }	\
252 }
253 
254 struct pfr_buffer table_buffer;
255 int table_identifier;
256 
257 
258 int
259 pfctl_optimize_ruleset(struct pfctl *pf, struct pf_ruleset *rs)
260 {
261 	struct superblocks superblocks;
262 	struct pf_opt_queue opt_queue;
263 	struct superblock *block;
264 	struct pf_opt_rule *por;
265 	struct pf_rule *r;
266 	struct pf_rulequeue *old_rules;
267 
268 	DEBUG("optimizing ruleset");
269 	memset(&table_buffer, 0, sizeof(table_buffer));
270 	skip_init();
271 	TAILQ_INIT(&opt_queue);
272 
273 	old_rules = rs->rules[PF_RULESET_FILTER].active.ptr;
274 	rs->rules[PF_RULESET_FILTER].active.ptr =
275 	    rs->rules[PF_RULESET_FILTER].inactive.ptr;
276 	rs->rules[PF_RULESET_FILTER].inactive.ptr = old_rules;
277 
278 	/*
279 	 * XXX expanding the pf_opt_rule format throughout pfctl might allow
280 	 * us to avoid all this copying.
281 	 */
282 	while ((r = TAILQ_FIRST(rs->rules[PF_RULESET_FILTER].inactive.ptr))
283 	    != NULL) {
284 		TAILQ_REMOVE(rs->rules[PF_RULESET_FILTER].inactive.ptr, r,
285 		    entries);
286 		if ((por = calloc(1, sizeof(*por))) == NULL)
287 			err(1, "calloc");
288 		memcpy(&por->por_rule, r, sizeof(*r));
289 		if (TAILQ_FIRST(&r->rpool.list) != NULL) {
290 			TAILQ_INIT(&por->por_rule.rpool.list);
291 			pfctl_move_pool(&r->rpool, &por->por_rule.rpool);
292 		} else
293 			bzero(&por->por_rule.rpool,
294 			    sizeof(por->por_rule.rpool));
295 
296 
297 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&opt_queue, por, por_entry);
298 	}
299 
300 	TAILQ_INIT(&superblocks);
301 	if (construct_superblocks(pf, &opt_queue, &superblocks))
302 		goto error;
303 
304 	if (pf->optimize & PF_OPTIMIZE_PROFILE) {
305 		if (load_feedback_profile(pf, &superblocks))
306 			goto error;
307 	}
308 
309 	TAILQ_FOREACH(block, &superblocks, sb_entry) {
310 		if (optimize_superblock(pf, block))
311 			goto error;
312 	}
313 
314 	rs->anchor->refcnt = 0;
315 	while ((block = TAILQ_FIRST(&superblocks))) {
316 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&superblocks, block, sb_entry);
317 
318 		while ((por = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules))) {
319 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, por, por_entry);
320 			por->por_rule.nr = rs->anchor->refcnt++;
321 			if ((r = calloc(1, sizeof(*r))) == NULL)
322 				err(1, "calloc");
323 			memcpy(r, &por->por_rule, sizeof(*r));
324 			TAILQ_INIT(&r->rpool.list);
325 			pfctl_move_pool(&por->por_rule.rpool, &r->rpool);
326 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(
327 			    rs->rules[PF_RULESET_FILTER].active.ptr,
328 			    r, entries);
329 			free(por);
330 		}
331 		free(block);
332 	}
333 
334 	return (0);
335 
336 error:
337 	while ((por = TAILQ_FIRST(&opt_queue))) {
338 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&opt_queue, por, por_entry);
339 		if (por->por_src_tbl) {
340 			pfr_buf_clear(por->por_src_tbl->pt_buf);
341 			free(por->por_src_tbl->pt_buf);
342 			free(por->por_src_tbl);
343 		}
344 		if (por->por_dst_tbl) {
345 			pfr_buf_clear(por->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf);
346 			free(por->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf);
347 			free(por->por_dst_tbl);
348 		}
349 		free(por);
350 	}
351 	while ((block = TAILQ_FIRST(&superblocks))) {
352 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&superblocks, block, sb_entry);
353 		superblock_free(pf, block);
354 	}
355 	return (1);
356 }
357 
358 
359 /*
360  * Go ahead and optimize a superblock
361  */
362 int
363 optimize_superblock(struct pfctl *pf, struct superblock *block)
364 {
365 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
366 	struct pf_opt_rule *por;
367 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
368 
369 	/* We have a few optimization passes:
370 	 *   1) remove duplicate rules or rules that are a subset of other
371 	 *      rules
372 	 *   2) combine otherwise identical rules with different IP addresses
373 	 *      into a single rule and put the addresses in a table.
374 	 *   3) re-order the rules to improve kernel skip steps
375 	 *   4) re-order the 'quick' rules based on feedback from the
376 	 *      active ruleset statistics
377 	 *
378 	 * XXX combine_rules() doesn't combine v4 and v6 rules.  would just
379 	 *     have to keep af in the table container, make af 'COMBINE' and
380 	 *     twiddle the af on the merged rule
381 	 * XXX maybe add a weighting to the metric on skipsteps when doing
382 	 *     reordering.  sometimes two sequential tables will be better
383 	 *     that four consecutive interfaces.
384 	 * XXX need to adjust the skipstep count of everything after PROTO,
385 	 *     since they aren't actually checked on a proto mismatch in
386 	 *     pf_test_{tcp, udp, icmp}()
387 	 * XXX should i treat proto=0, af=0 or dir=0 special in skepstep
388 	 *     calculation since they are a DC?
389 	 * XXX keep last skiplist of last superblock to influence this
390 	 *     superblock.  '5 inet6 log' should make '3 inet6' come before '4
391 	 *     inet' in the next superblock.
392 	 * XXX would be useful to add tables for ports
393 	 * XXX we can also re-order some mutually exclusive superblocks to
394 	 *     try merging superblocks before any of these optimization passes.
395 	 *     for instance a single 'log in' rule in the middle of non-logging
396 	 *     out rules.
397 	 */
398 
399 	/* shortcut.  there will be alot of 1-rule superblocks */
400 	if (!TAILQ_NEXT(TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules), por_entry))
401 		return (0);
402 
403 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
404 	printf("--- Superblock ---\n");
405 	TAILQ_FOREACH(por, &block->sb_rules, por_entry) {
406 		printf("  ");
407 		print_rule(&por->por_rule, por->por_rule.anchor ?
408 		    por->por_rule.anchor->name : "", 1);
409 	}
410 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
411 
412 
413 	if (remove_identical_rules(pf, block))
414 		return (1);
415 	if (combine_rules(pf, block))
416 		return (1);
417 	if ((pf->optimize & PF_OPTIMIZE_PROFILE) &&
418 	    TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules)->por_rule.quick &&
419 	    block->sb_profiled_block) {
420 		if (block_feedback(pf, block))
421 			return (1);
422 	} else if (reorder_rules(pf, block, 0)) {
423 		return (1);
424 	}
425 
426 	/*
427 	 * Don't add any optimization passes below reorder_rules().  It will
428 	 * have divided superblocks into smaller blocks for further refinement
429 	 * and doesn't put them back together again.  What once was a true
430 	 * superblock might have been split into multiple superblocks.
431 	 */
432 
433 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
434 	printf("--- END Superblock ---\n");
435 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
436 	return (0);
437 }
438 
439 
440 /*
441  * Optimization pass #1: remove identical rules
442  */
443 int
444 remove_identical_rules(struct pfctl *pf, struct superblock *block)
445 {
446 	struct pf_opt_rule *por1, *por2, *por_next, *por2_next;
447 	struct pf_rule a, a2, b, b2;
448 
449 	for (por1 = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules); por1; por1 = por_next) {
450 		por_next = TAILQ_NEXT(por1, por_entry);
451 		for (por2 = por_next; por2; por2 = por2_next) {
452 			por2_next = TAILQ_NEXT(por2, por_entry);
453 			comparable_rule(&a, &por1->por_rule, DC);
454 			comparable_rule(&b, &por2->por_rule, DC);
455 			memcpy(&a2, &a, sizeof(a2));
456 			memcpy(&b2, &b, sizeof(b2));
457 
458 			exclude_supersets(&a, &b);
459 			exclude_supersets(&b2, &a2);
460 			if (memcmp(&a, &b, sizeof(a)) == 0) {
461 				DEBUG("removing identical rule  nr%d = *nr%d*",
462 				    por1->por_rule.nr, por2->por_rule.nr);
463 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, por2, por_entry);
464 				if (por_next == por2)
465 					por_next = TAILQ_NEXT(por1, por_entry);
466 				free(por2);
467 			} else if (memcmp(&a2, &b2, sizeof(a2)) == 0) {
468 				DEBUG("removing identical rule  *nr%d* = nr%d",
469 				    por1->por_rule.nr, por2->por_rule.nr);
470 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, por1, por_entry);
471 				free(por1);
472 				break;
473 			}
474 		}
475 	}
476 
477 	return (0);
478 }
479 
480 
481 /*
482  * Optimization pass #2: combine similar rules with different addresses
483  * into a single rule and a table
484  */
485 int
486 combine_rules(struct pfctl *pf, struct superblock *block)
487 {
488 	struct pf_opt_rule *p1, *p2, *por_next;
489 	int src_eq, dst_eq;
490 
491 	if ((pf->loadopt & PFCTL_FLAG_TABLE) == 0) {
492 		warnx("Must enable table loading for optimizations");
493 		return (1);
494 	}
495 
496 	/* First we make a pass to combine the rules.  O(n log n) */
497 	TAILQ_FOREACH(p1, &block->sb_rules, por_entry) {
498 		for (p2 = TAILQ_NEXT(p1, por_entry); p2; p2 = por_next) {
499 			por_next = TAILQ_NEXT(p2, por_entry);
500 
501 			src_eq = addrs_equal(&p1->por_rule.src,
502 			    &p2->por_rule.src);
503 			dst_eq = addrs_equal(&p1->por_rule.dst,
504 			    &p2->por_rule.dst);
505 
506 			if (src_eq && !dst_eq && p1->por_src_tbl == NULL &&
507 			    p2->por_dst_tbl == NULL &&
508 			    p2->por_src_tbl == NULL &&
509 			    rules_combineable(&p1->por_rule, &p2->por_rule) &&
510 			    addrs_combineable(&p1->por_rule.dst,
511 			    &p2->por_rule.dst)) {
512 				DEBUG("can combine rules  nr%d = nr%d",
513 				    p1->por_rule.nr, p2->por_rule.nr);
514 				if (p1->por_dst_tbl == NULL &&
515 				    add_opt_table(pf, &p1->por_dst_tbl,
516 				    p1->por_rule.af, &p1->por_rule.dst))
517 					return (1);
518 				if (add_opt_table(pf, &p1->por_dst_tbl,
519 				    p1->por_rule.af, &p2->por_rule.dst))
520 					return (1);
521 				p2->por_dst_tbl = p1->por_dst_tbl;
522 				if (p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_rulecount >=
523 				    TABLE_THRESHOLD) {
524 					TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, p2,
525 					    por_entry);
526 					free(p2);
527 				}
528 			} else if (!src_eq && dst_eq && p1->por_dst_tbl == NULL
529 			    && p2->por_src_tbl == NULL &&
530 			    p2->por_dst_tbl == NULL &&
531 			    rules_combineable(&p1->por_rule, &p2->por_rule) &&
532 			    addrs_combineable(&p1->por_rule.src,
533 			    &p2->por_rule.src)) {
534 				DEBUG("can combine rules  nr%d = nr%d",
535 				    p1->por_rule.nr, p2->por_rule.nr);
536 				if (p1->por_src_tbl == NULL &&
537 				    add_opt_table(pf, &p1->por_src_tbl,
538 				    p1->por_rule.af, &p1->por_rule.src))
539 					return (1);
540 				if (add_opt_table(pf, &p1->por_src_tbl,
541 				    p1->por_rule.af, &p2->por_rule.src))
542 					return (1);
543 				p2->por_src_tbl = p1->por_src_tbl;
544 				if (p1->por_src_tbl->pt_rulecount >=
545 				    TABLE_THRESHOLD) {
546 					TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, p2,
547 					    por_entry);
548 					free(p2);
549 				}
550 			}
551 		}
552 	}
553 
554 
555 	/*
556 	 * Then we make a final pass to create a valid table name and
557 	 * insert the name into the rules.
558 	 */
559 	for (p1 = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules); p1; p1 = por_next) {
560 		por_next = TAILQ_NEXT(p1, por_entry);
561 		assert(p1->por_src_tbl == NULL || p1->por_dst_tbl == NULL);
562 
563 		if (p1->por_src_tbl && p1->por_src_tbl->pt_rulecount >=
564 		    TABLE_THRESHOLD) {
565 			if (p1->por_src_tbl->pt_generated) {
566 				/* This rule is included in a table */
567 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, p1, por_entry);
568 				free(p1);
569 				continue;
570 			}
571 			p1->por_src_tbl->pt_generated = 1;
572 
573 			if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0 &&
574 			    pf_opt_create_table(pf, p1->por_src_tbl))
575 				return (1);
576 
577 			pf->tdirty = 1;
578 
579 			if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
580 				print_tabledef(p1->por_src_tbl->pt_name,
581 				    PFR_TFLAG_CONST, 1,
582 				    &p1->por_src_tbl->pt_nodes);
583 
584 			memset(&p1->por_rule.src.addr, 0,
585 			    sizeof(p1->por_rule.src.addr));
586 			p1->por_rule.src.addr.type = PF_ADDR_TABLE;
587 			strlcpy(p1->por_rule.src.addr.v.tblname,
588 			    p1->por_src_tbl->pt_name,
589 			    sizeof(p1->por_rule.src.addr.v.tblname));
590 
591 			pfr_buf_clear(p1->por_src_tbl->pt_buf);
592 			free(p1->por_src_tbl->pt_buf);
593 			p1->por_src_tbl->pt_buf = NULL;
594 		}
595 		if (p1->por_dst_tbl && p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_rulecount >=
596 		    TABLE_THRESHOLD) {
597 			if (p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_generated) {
598 				/* This rule is included in a table */
599 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, p1, por_entry);
600 				free(p1);
601 				continue;
602 			}
603 			p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_generated = 1;
604 
605 			if ((pf->opts & PF_OPT_NOACTION) == 0 &&
606 			    pf_opt_create_table(pf, p1->por_dst_tbl))
607 				return (1);
608 			pf->tdirty = 1;
609 
610 			if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE)
611 				print_tabledef(p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_name,
612 				    PFR_TFLAG_CONST, 1,
613 				    &p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_nodes);
614 
615 			memset(&p1->por_rule.dst.addr, 0,
616 			    sizeof(p1->por_rule.dst.addr));
617 			p1->por_rule.dst.addr.type = PF_ADDR_TABLE;
618 			strlcpy(p1->por_rule.dst.addr.v.tblname,
619 			    p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_name,
620 			    sizeof(p1->por_rule.dst.addr.v.tblname));
621 
622 			pfr_buf_clear(p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf);
623 			free(p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf);
624 			p1->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf = NULL;
625 		}
626 	}
627 
628 	return (0);
629 }
630 
631 
632 /*
633  * Optimization pass #3: re-order rules to improve skip steps
634  */
635 int
636 reorder_rules(struct pfctl *pf, struct superblock *block, int depth)
637 {
638 	struct superblock *newblock;
639 	struct pf_skip_step *skiplist;
640 	struct pf_opt_rule *por;
641 	int i, largest, largest_list = -1, rule_count = 0;
642 	TAILQ_HEAD( , pf_opt_rule) head;
643 
644 	/*
645 	 * Calculate the best-case skip steps.  We put each rule in a list
646 	 * of other rules with common fields
647 	 */
648 	for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; i++) {
649 		TAILQ_FOREACH(por, &block->sb_rules, por_entry) {
650 			TAILQ_FOREACH(skiplist, &block->sb_skipsteps[i],
651 			    ps_entry) {
652 				if (skip_compare(i, skiplist, por) == 0)
653 					break;
654 			}
655 			if (skiplist == NULL) {
656 				if ((skiplist = calloc(1, sizeof(*skiplist))) ==
657 				    NULL)
658 					err(1, "calloc");
659 				TAILQ_INIT(&skiplist->ps_rules);
660 				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&block->sb_skipsteps[i],
661 				    skiplist, ps_entry);
662 			}
663 			skip_append(block, i, skiplist, por);
664 		}
665 	}
666 
667 	TAILQ_FOREACH(por, &block->sb_rules, por_entry)
668 		rule_count++;
669 
670 	/*
671 	 * Now we're going to ignore any fields that are identical between
672 	 * all of the rules in the superblock and those fields which differ
673 	 * between every rule in the superblock.
674 	 */
675 	largest = 0;
676 	for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; i++) {
677 		skiplist = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_skipsteps[i]);
678 		if (skiplist->ps_count == rule_count) {
679 			DEBUG("(%d) original skipstep '%s' is all rules",
680 			    depth, skip_comparitors_names[i]);
681 			skiplist->ps_count = 0;
682 		} else if (skiplist->ps_count == 1) {
683 			skiplist->ps_count = 0;
684 		} else {
685 			DEBUG("(%d) original skipstep '%s' largest jump is %d",
686 			    depth, skip_comparitors_names[i],
687 			    skiplist->ps_count);
688 			if (skiplist->ps_count > largest)
689 				largest = skiplist->ps_count;
690 		}
691 	}
692 	if (largest == 0) {
693 		/* Ugh.  There is NO commonality in the superblock on which
694 		 * optimize the skipsteps optimization.
695 		 */
696 		goto done;
697 	}
698 
699 	/*
700 	 * Now we're going to empty the superblock rule list and re-create
701 	 * it based on a more optimal skipstep order.
702 	 */
703 	TAILQ_INIT(&head);
704 	while ((por = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules))) {
705 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, por, por_entry);
706 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, por, por_entry);
707 	}
708 
709 
710 	while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&head)) {
711 		largest = 1;
712 
713 		/*
714 		 * Find the most useful skip steps remaining
715 		 */
716 		for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; i++) {
717 			skiplist = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_skipsteps[i]);
718 			if (skiplist->ps_count > largest) {
719 				largest = skiplist->ps_count;
720 				largest_list = i;
721 			}
722 		}
723 
724 		if (largest <= 1) {
725 			/*
726 			 * Nothing useful left.  Leave remaining rules in order.
727 			 */
728 			DEBUG("(%d) no more commonality for skip steps", depth);
729 			while ((por = TAILQ_FIRST(&head))) {
730 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&head, por, por_entry);
731 				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&block->sb_rules, por,
732 				    por_entry);
733 			}
734 		} else {
735 			/*
736 			 * There is commonality.  Extract those common rules
737 			 * and place them in the ruleset adjacent to each
738 			 * other.
739 			 */
740 			skiplist = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_skipsteps[
741 			    largest_list]);
742 			DEBUG("(%d) skipstep '%s' largest jump is %d @ #%d",
743 			    depth, skip_comparitors_names[largest_list],
744 			    largest, TAILQ_FIRST(&TAILQ_FIRST(&block->
745 			    sb_skipsteps [largest_list])->ps_rules)->
746 			    por_rule.nr);
747 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_skipsteps[largest_list],
748 			    skiplist, ps_entry);
749 
750 
751 			/*
752 			 * There may be further commonality inside these
753 			 * rules.  So we'll split them off into they're own
754 			 * superblock and pass it back into the optimizer.
755 			 */
756 			if (skiplist->ps_count > 2) {
757 				if ((newblock = calloc(1, sizeof(*newblock)))
758 				    == NULL) {
759 					warn("calloc");
760 					return (1);
761 				}
762 				TAILQ_INIT(&newblock->sb_rules);
763 				for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; i++)
764 					TAILQ_INIT(&newblock->sb_skipsteps[i]);
765 				TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(block, newblock, sb_entry);
766 				DEBUG("(%d) splitting off %d rules from superblock @ #%d",
767 				    depth, skiplist->ps_count,
768 				    TAILQ_FIRST(&skiplist->ps_rules)->
769 				    por_rule.nr);
770 			} else {
771 				newblock = block;
772 			}
773 
774 			while ((por = TAILQ_FIRST(&skiplist->ps_rules))) {
775 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&head, por, por_entry);
776 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&skiplist->ps_rules, por,
777 				    por_skip_entry[largest_list]);
778 				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&newblock->sb_rules, por,
779 				    por_entry);
780 
781 				/* Remove this rule from all other skiplists */
782 				remove_from_skipsteps(&block->sb_skipsteps[
783 				    largest_list], block, por, skiplist);
784 			}
785 			free(skiplist);
786 			if (newblock != block)
787 				if (reorder_rules(pf, newblock, depth + 1))
788 					return (1);
789 		}
790 	}
791 
792 done:
793 	for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; i++) {
794 		while ((skiplist = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_skipsteps[i]))) {
795 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_skipsteps[i], skiplist,
796 			    ps_entry);
797 			free(skiplist);
798 		}
799 	}
800 
801 	return (0);
802 }
803 
804 
805 /*
806  * Optimization pass #4: re-order 'quick' rules based on feedback from the
807  * currently running ruleset
808  */
809 int
810 block_feedback(struct pfctl *pf, struct superblock *block)
811 {
812 	TAILQ_HEAD( , pf_opt_rule) queue;
813 	struct pf_opt_rule *por1, *por2;
814 	u_int64_t total_count = 0;
815 	struct pf_rule a, b;
816 
817 
818 	/*
819 	 * Walk through all of the profiled superblock's rules and copy
820 	 * the counters onto our rules.
821 	 */
822 	TAILQ_FOREACH(por1, &block->sb_profiled_block->sb_rules, por_entry) {
823 		comparable_rule(&a, &por1->por_rule, DC);
824 		total_count += por1->por_rule.packets[0] +
825 		    por1->por_rule.packets[1];
826 		TAILQ_FOREACH(por2, &block->sb_rules, por_entry) {
827 			if (por2->por_profile_count)
828 				continue;
829 			comparable_rule(&b, &por2->por_rule, DC);
830 			if (memcmp(&a, &b, sizeof(a)) == 0) {
831 				por2->por_profile_count =
832 				    por1->por_rule.packets[0] +
833 				    por1->por_rule.packets[1];
834 				break;
835 			}
836 		}
837 	}
838 	superblock_free(pf, block->sb_profiled_block);
839 	block->sb_profiled_block = NULL;
840 
841 	/*
842 	 * Now we pull all of the rules off the superblock and re-insert them
843 	 * in sorted order.
844 	 */
845 
846 	TAILQ_INIT(&queue);
847 	while ((por1 = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules)) != NULL) {
848 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, por1, por_entry);
849 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&queue, por1, por_entry);
850 	}
851 
852 	while ((por1 = TAILQ_FIRST(&queue)) != NULL) {
853 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&queue, por1, por_entry);
854 /* XXX I should sort all of the unused rules based on skip steps */
855 		TAILQ_FOREACH(por2, &block->sb_rules, por_entry) {
856 			if (por1->por_profile_count > por2->por_profile_count) {
857 				TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(por2, por1, por_entry);
858 				break;
859 			}
860 		}
861 		if (por2 == TAILQ_END(&block->sb_rules))
862 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&block->sb_rules, por1, por_entry);
863 	}
864 
865 	return (0);
866 }
867 
868 
869 /*
870  * Load the current ruleset from the kernel and try to associate them with
871  * the ruleset we're optimizing.
872  */
873 int
874 load_feedback_profile(struct pfctl *pf, struct superblocks *superblocks)
875 {
876 	struct superblock *block, *blockcur;
877 	struct superblocks prof_superblocks;
878 	struct pf_opt_rule *por;
879 	struct pf_opt_queue queue;
880 	struct pfioc_rule pr;
881 	struct pf_rule a, b;
882 	int nr, mnr;
883 
884 	TAILQ_INIT(&queue);
885 	TAILQ_INIT(&prof_superblocks);
886 
887 	memset(&pr, 0, sizeof(pr));
888 	pr.rule.action = PF_PASS;
889 	if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCGETRULES, &pr)) {
890 		warn("DIOCGETRULES");
891 		return (1);
892 	}
893 	mnr = pr.nr;
894 
895 	DEBUG("Loading %d active rules for a feedback profile", mnr);
896 	for (nr = 0; nr < mnr; ++nr) {
897 		struct pf_ruleset *rs;
898 		if ((por = calloc(1, sizeof(*por))) == NULL) {
899 			warn("calloc");
900 			return (1);
901 		}
902 		pr.nr = nr;
903 		if (ioctl(pf->dev, DIOCGETRULE, &pr)) {
904 			warn("DIOCGETRULES");
905 			return (1);
906 		}
907 		memcpy(&por->por_rule, &pr.rule, sizeof(por->por_rule));
908 		rs = pf_find_or_create_ruleset(pr.anchor_call);
909 		por->por_rule.anchor = rs->anchor;
910 		if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&por->por_rule.rpool.list))
911 			memset(&por->por_rule.rpool, 0,
912 			    sizeof(por->por_rule.rpool));
913 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&queue, por, por_entry);
914 
915 		/* XXX pfctl_get_pool(pf->dev, &pr.rule.rpool, nr, pr.ticket,
916 		 *         PF_PASS, pf->anchor) ???
917 		 * ... pfctl_clear_pool(&pr.rule.rpool)
918 		 */
919 	}
920 
921 	if (construct_superblocks(pf, &queue, &prof_superblocks))
922 		return (1);
923 
924 
925 	/*
926 	 * Now we try to associate the active ruleset's superblocks with
927 	 * the superblocks we're compiling.
928 	 */
929 	block = TAILQ_FIRST(superblocks);
930 	blockcur = TAILQ_FIRST(&prof_superblocks);
931 	while (block && blockcur) {
932 		comparable_rule(&a, &TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules)->por_rule,
933 		    BREAK);
934 		comparable_rule(&b, &TAILQ_FIRST(&blockcur->sb_rules)->por_rule,
935 		    BREAK);
936 		if (memcmp(&a, &b, sizeof(a)) == 0) {
937 			/* The two superblocks lined up */
938 			block->sb_profiled_block = blockcur;
939 		} else {
940 			DEBUG("superblocks don't line up between #%d and #%d",
941 			    TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules)->por_rule.nr,
942 			    TAILQ_FIRST(&blockcur->sb_rules)->por_rule.nr);
943 			break;
944 		}
945 		block = TAILQ_NEXT(block, sb_entry);
946 		blockcur = TAILQ_NEXT(blockcur, sb_entry);
947 	}
948 
949 
950 
951 	/* Free any superblocks we couldn't link */
952 	while (blockcur) {
953 		block = TAILQ_NEXT(blockcur, sb_entry);
954 		superblock_free(pf, blockcur);
955 		blockcur = block;
956 	}
957 	return (0);
958 }
959 
960 
961 /*
962  * Compare a rule to a skiplist to see if the rule is a member
963  */
964 int
965 skip_compare(int skipnum, struct pf_skip_step *skiplist,
966     struct pf_opt_rule *por)
967 {
968 	struct pf_rule *a, *b;
969 	if (skipnum >= PF_SKIP_COUNT || skipnum < 0)
970 		errx(1, "skip_compare() out of bounds");
971 	a = &por->por_rule;
972 	b = &TAILQ_FIRST(&skiplist->ps_rules)->por_rule;
973 
974 	return ((skip_comparitors[skipnum])(a, b));
975 }
976 
977 
978 /*
979  * Add a rule to a skiplist
980  */
981 void
982 skip_append(struct superblock *superblock, int skipnum,
983     struct pf_skip_step *skiplist, struct pf_opt_rule *por)
984 {
985 	struct pf_skip_step *prev;
986 
987 	skiplist->ps_count++;
988 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&skiplist->ps_rules, por, por_skip_entry[skipnum]);
989 
990 	/* Keep the list of skiplists sorted by whichever is larger */
991 	while ((prev = TAILQ_PREV(skiplist, skiplist, ps_entry)) &&
992 	    prev->ps_count < skiplist->ps_count) {
993 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&superblock->sb_skipsteps[skipnum],
994 		    skiplist, ps_entry);
995 		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(prev, skiplist, ps_entry);
996 	}
997 }
998 
999 
1000 /*
1001  * Remove a rule from the other skiplist calculations.
1002  */
1003 void
1004 remove_from_skipsteps(struct skiplist *head, struct superblock *block,
1005     struct pf_opt_rule *por, struct pf_skip_step *active_list)
1006 {
1007 	struct pf_skip_step *sk, *next;
1008 	struct pf_opt_rule *p2;
1009 	int i, found;
1010 
1011 	for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; i++) {
1012 		sk = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_skipsteps[i]);
1013 		if (sk == NULL || sk == active_list || sk->ps_count <= 1)
1014 			continue;
1015 		found = 0;
1016 		do {
1017 			TAILQ_FOREACH(p2, &sk->ps_rules, por_skip_entry[i])
1018 				if (p2 == por) {
1019 					TAILQ_REMOVE(&sk->ps_rules, p2,
1020 					    por_skip_entry[i]);
1021 					found = 1;
1022 					sk->ps_count--;
1023 					break;
1024 				}
1025 		} while (!found && (sk = TAILQ_NEXT(sk, ps_entry)));
1026 		if (found && sk) {
1027 			/* Does this change the sorting order? */
1028 			while ((next = TAILQ_NEXT(sk, ps_entry)) &&
1029 			    next->ps_count > sk->ps_count) {
1030 				TAILQ_REMOVE(head, sk, ps_entry);
1031 				TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(head, next, sk, ps_entry);
1032 			}
1033 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
1034 			next = TAILQ_NEXT(sk, ps_entry);
1035 			assert(next == NULL || next->ps_count <= sk->ps_count);
1036 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
1037 		}
1038 	}
1039 }
1040 
1041 
1042 /* Compare two rules AF field for skiplist construction */
1043 int
1044 skip_cmp_af(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1045 {
1046 	if (a->af != b->af || a->af == 0)
1047 		return (1);
1048 	return (0);
1049 }
1050 
1051 /* Compare two rules DIRECTION field for skiplist construction */
1052 int
1053 skip_cmp_dir(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1054 {
1055 	if (a->direction == 0 || a->direction != b->direction)
1056 		return (1);
1057 	return (0);
1058 }
1059 
1060 /* Compare two rules DST Address field for skiplist construction */
1061 int
1062 skip_cmp_dst_addr(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1063 {
1064 	if (a->dst.neg != b->dst.neg ||
1065 	    a->dst.addr.type != b->dst.addr.type)
1066 		return (1);
1067 	/* XXX if (a->proto != b->proto && a->proto != 0 && b->proto != 0
1068 	 *    && (a->proto == IPPROTO_TCP || a->proto == IPPROTO_UDP ||
1069 	 *    a->proto == IPPROTO_ICMP
1070 	 *	return (1);
1071 	 */
1072 	switch (a->dst.addr.type) {
1073 	case PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK:
1074 		if (memcmp(&a->dst.addr.v.a.addr, &b->dst.addr.v.a.addr,
1075 		    sizeof(a->dst.addr.v.a.addr)) ||
1076 		    memcmp(&a->dst.addr.v.a.mask, &b->dst.addr.v.a.mask,
1077 		    sizeof(a->dst.addr.v.a.mask)) ||
1078 		    (a->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[0] == 0 &&
1079 		    a->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[1] == 0 &&
1080 		    a->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[2] == 0 &&
1081 		    a->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[3] == 0))
1082 			return (1);
1083 		return (0);
1084 	case PF_ADDR_DYNIFTL:
1085 		if (strcmp(a->dst.addr.v.ifname, b->dst.addr.v.ifname) != 0 ||
1086 		    a->dst.addr.iflags != a->dst.addr.iflags ||
1087 		    memcmp(&a->dst.addr.v.a.mask, &b->dst.addr.v.a.mask,
1088 		    sizeof(a->dst.addr.v.a.mask)))
1089 			return (1);
1090 		return (0);
1091 	case PF_ADDR_NOROUTE:
1092 	case PF_ADDR_URPFFAILED:
1093 		return (0);
1094 	case PF_ADDR_TABLE:
1095 		return (strcmp(a->dst.addr.v.tblname, b->dst.addr.v.tblname));
1096 	}
1097 	return (1);
1098 }
1099 
1100 /* Compare two rules DST port field for skiplist construction */
1101 int
1102 skip_cmp_dst_port(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1103 {
1104 	/* XXX if (a->proto != b->proto && a->proto != 0 && b->proto != 0
1105 	 *    && (a->proto == IPPROTO_TCP || a->proto == IPPROTO_UDP ||
1106 	 *    a->proto == IPPROTO_ICMP
1107 	 *	return (1);
1108 	 */
1109 	if (a->dst.port_op == PF_OP_NONE || a->dst.port_op != b->dst.port_op ||
1110 	    a->dst.port[0] != b->dst.port[0] ||
1111 	    a->dst.port[1] != b->dst.port[1])
1112 		return (1);
1113 	return (0);
1114 }
1115 
1116 /* Compare two rules IFP field for skiplist construction */
1117 int
1118 skip_cmp_ifp(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1119 {
1120 	if (strcmp(a->ifname, b->ifname) || a->ifname[0] == '\0')
1121 		return (1);
1122 	return (a->ifnot != b->ifnot);
1123 }
1124 
1125 /* Compare two rules PROTO field for skiplist construction */
1126 int
1127 skip_cmp_proto(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1128 {
1129 	return (a->proto != b->proto || a->proto == 0);
1130 }
1131 
1132 /* Compare two rules SRC addr field for skiplist construction */
1133 int
1134 skip_cmp_src_addr(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1135 {
1136 	if (a->src.neg != b->src.neg ||
1137 	    a->src.addr.type != b->src.addr.type)
1138 		return (1);
1139 	/* XXX if (a->proto != b->proto && a->proto != 0 && b->proto != 0
1140 	 *    && (a->proto == IPPROTO_TCP || a->proto == IPPROTO_UDP ||
1141 	 *    a->proto == IPPROTO_ICMP
1142 	 *	return (1);
1143 	 */
1144 	switch (a->src.addr.type) {
1145 	case PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK:
1146 		if (memcmp(&a->src.addr.v.a.addr, &b->src.addr.v.a.addr,
1147 		    sizeof(a->src.addr.v.a.addr)) ||
1148 		    memcmp(&a->src.addr.v.a.mask, &b->src.addr.v.a.mask,
1149 		    sizeof(a->src.addr.v.a.mask)) ||
1150 		    (a->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[0] == 0 &&
1151 		    a->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[1] == 0 &&
1152 		    a->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[2] == 0 &&
1153 		    a->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[3] == 0))
1154 			return (1);
1155 		return (0);
1156 	case PF_ADDR_DYNIFTL:
1157 		if (strcmp(a->src.addr.v.ifname, b->src.addr.v.ifname) != 0 ||
1158 		    a->src.addr.iflags != a->src.addr.iflags ||
1159 		    memcmp(&a->src.addr.v.a.mask, &b->src.addr.v.a.mask,
1160 		    sizeof(a->src.addr.v.a.mask)))
1161 			return (1);
1162 		return (0);
1163 	case PF_ADDR_NOROUTE:
1164 	case PF_ADDR_URPFFAILED:
1165 		return (0);
1166 	case PF_ADDR_TABLE:
1167 		return (strcmp(a->src.addr.v.tblname, b->src.addr.v.tblname));
1168 	}
1169 	return (1);
1170 }
1171 
1172 /* Compare two rules SRC port field for skiplist construction */
1173 int
1174 skip_cmp_src_port(struct pf_rule *a, struct pf_rule *b)
1175 {
1176 	if (a->src.port_op == PF_OP_NONE || a->src.port_op != b->src.port_op ||
1177 	    a->src.port[0] != b->src.port[0] ||
1178 	    a->src.port[1] != b->src.port[1])
1179 		return (1);
1180 	/* XXX if (a->proto != b->proto && a->proto != 0 && b->proto != 0
1181 	 *    && (a->proto == IPPROTO_TCP || a->proto == IPPROTO_UDP ||
1182 	 *    a->proto == IPPROTO_ICMP
1183 	 *	return (1);
1184 	 */
1185 	return (0);
1186 }
1187 
1188 
1189 void
1190 skip_init(void)
1191 {
1192 	struct {
1193 		char *name;
1194 		int skipnum;
1195 		int (*func)(struct pf_rule *, struct pf_rule *);
1196 	} comps[] = PF_SKIP_COMPARITORS;
1197 	int skipnum, i;
1198 
1199 	for (skipnum = 0; skipnum < PF_SKIP_COUNT; skipnum++) {
1200 		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(comps)/sizeof(*comps); i++)
1201 			if (comps[i].skipnum == skipnum) {
1202 				skip_comparitors[skipnum] = comps[i].func;
1203 				skip_comparitors_names[skipnum] = comps[i].name;
1204 			}
1205 	}
1206 	for (skipnum = 0; skipnum < PF_SKIP_COUNT; skipnum++)
1207 		if (skip_comparitors[skipnum] == NULL)
1208 			errx(1, "Need to add skip step comparitor to pfctl?!");
1209 }
1210 
1211 /*
1212  * Add a host/netmask to a table
1213  */
1214 int
1215 add_opt_table(struct pfctl *pf, struct pf_opt_tbl **tbl, sa_family_t af,
1216     struct pf_rule_addr *addr)
1217 {
1218 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
1219 	char buf[128];
1220 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
1221 	static int tablenum = 0;
1222 	struct node_host node_host;
1223 
1224 	if (*tbl == NULL) {
1225 		if ((*tbl = calloc(1, sizeof(**tbl))) == NULL ||
1226 		    ((*tbl)->pt_buf = calloc(1, sizeof(*(*tbl)->pt_buf))) ==
1227 		    NULL)
1228 			err(1, "calloc");
1229 		(*tbl)->pt_buf->pfrb_type = PFRB_ADDRS;
1230 		SIMPLEQ_INIT(&(*tbl)->pt_nodes);
1231 
1232 		/* This is just a temporary table name */
1233 		snprintf((*tbl)->pt_name, sizeof((*tbl)->pt_name), "%s%d",
1234 		    PF_OPT_TABLE_PREFIX, tablenum++);
1235 		DEBUG("creating table <%s>", (*tbl)->pt_name);
1236 	}
1237 
1238 	memset(&node_host, 0, sizeof(node_host));
1239 	node_host.af = af;
1240 	node_host.addr = addr->addr;
1241 
1242 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
1243 	DEBUG("<%s> adding %s/%d", (*tbl)->pt_name, inet_ntop(af,
1244 	    &node_host.addr.v.a.addr, buf, sizeof(buf)),
1245 	    unmask(&node_host.addr.v.a.mask, af));
1246 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
1247 
1248 	if (append_addr_host((*tbl)->pt_buf, &node_host, 0, 0)) {
1249 		warn("failed to add host");
1250 		return (1);
1251 	}
1252 	if (pf->opts & PF_OPT_VERBOSE) {
1253 		struct node_tinit *ti;
1254 
1255 		if ((ti = calloc(1, sizeof(*ti))) == NULL)
1256 			err(1, "malloc");
1257 		if ((ti->host = malloc(sizeof(*ti->host))) == NULL)
1258 			err(1, "malloc");
1259 		memcpy(ti->host, &node_host, sizeof(*ti->host));
1260 		SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&(*tbl)->pt_nodes, ti, entries);
1261 	}
1262 
1263 	(*tbl)->pt_rulecount++;
1264 	if ((*tbl)->pt_rulecount == TABLE_THRESHOLD)
1265 		DEBUG("table <%s> now faster than skip steps", (*tbl)->pt_name);
1266 
1267 	return (0);
1268 }
1269 
1270 
1271 /*
1272  * Do the dirty work of choosing an unused table name and creating it.
1273  * (be careful with the table name, it might already be used in another anchor)
1274  */
1275 int
1276 pf_opt_create_table(struct pfctl *pf, struct pf_opt_tbl *tbl)
1277 {
1278 	static int tablenum;
1279 	struct pfr_table *t;
1280 
1281 	if (table_buffer.pfrb_type == 0) {
1282 		/* Initialize the list of tables */
1283 		table_buffer.pfrb_type = PFRB_TABLES;
1284 		for (;;) {
1285 			pfr_buf_grow(&table_buffer, table_buffer.pfrb_size);
1286 			table_buffer.pfrb_size = table_buffer.pfrb_msize;
1287 			if (pfr_get_tables(NULL, table_buffer.pfrb_caddr,
1288 			    &table_buffer.pfrb_size, PFR_FLAG_ALLRSETS))
1289 				err(1, "pfr_get_tables");
1290 			if (table_buffer.pfrb_size <= table_buffer.pfrb_msize)
1291 				break;
1292 		}
1293 		table_identifier = arc4random();
1294 	}
1295 
1296 	/* XXX would be *really* nice to avoid duplicating identical tables */
1297 
1298 	/* Now we have to pick a table name that isn't used */
1299 again:
1300 	DEBUG("translating temporary table <%s> to <%s%x_%d>", tbl->pt_name,
1301 	    PF_OPT_TABLE_PREFIX, table_identifier, tablenum);
1302 	snprintf(tbl->pt_name, sizeof(tbl->pt_name), "%s%x_%d",
1303 	    PF_OPT_TABLE_PREFIX, table_identifier, tablenum);
1304 	PFRB_FOREACH(t, &table_buffer) {
1305 		if (strcasecmp(t->pfrt_name, tbl->pt_name) == 0) {
1306 			/* Collision.  Try again */
1307 			DEBUG("wow, table <%s> in use.  trying again",
1308 			    tbl->pt_name);
1309 			table_identifier = arc4random();
1310 			goto again;
1311 		}
1312 	}
1313 	tablenum++;
1314 
1315 
1316 	if (pfctl_define_table(tbl->pt_name, PFR_TFLAG_CONST, 1,
1317 	    pf->anchor->name, tbl->pt_buf, pf->anchor->ruleset.tticket)) {
1318 		warn("failed to create table %s", tbl->pt_name);
1319 		return (1);
1320 	}
1321 	return (0);
1322 }
1323 
1324 /*
1325  * Partition the flat ruleset into a list of distinct superblocks
1326  */
1327 int
1328 construct_superblocks(struct pfctl *pf, struct pf_opt_queue *opt_queue,
1329     struct superblocks *superblocks)
1330 {
1331 	struct superblock *block = NULL;
1332 	struct pf_opt_rule *por;
1333 	int i;
1334 
1335 	while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(opt_queue)) {
1336 		por = TAILQ_FIRST(opt_queue);
1337 		TAILQ_REMOVE(opt_queue, por, por_entry);
1338 		if (block == NULL || !superblock_inclusive(block, por)) {
1339 			if ((block = calloc(1, sizeof(*block))) == NULL) {
1340 				warn("calloc");
1341 				return (1);
1342 			}
1343 			TAILQ_INIT(&block->sb_rules);
1344 			for (i = 0; i < PF_SKIP_COUNT; i++)
1345 				TAILQ_INIT(&block->sb_skipsteps[i]);
1346 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(superblocks, block, sb_entry);
1347 		}
1348 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&block->sb_rules, por, por_entry);
1349 	}
1350 
1351 	return (0);
1352 }
1353 
1354 
1355 /*
1356  * Compare two rule addresses
1357  */
1358 int
1359 addrs_equal(struct pf_rule_addr *a, struct pf_rule_addr *b)
1360 {
1361 	if (a->neg != b->neg)
1362 		return (0);
1363 	return (memcmp(&a->addr, &b->addr, sizeof(a->addr)) == 0);
1364 }
1365 
1366 
1367 /*
1368  * The addresses are not equal, but can we combine them into one table?
1369  */
1370 int
1371 addrs_combineable(struct pf_rule_addr *a, struct pf_rule_addr *b)
1372 {
1373 	if (a->addr.type != PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK ||
1374 	    b->addr.type != PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK)
1375 		return (0);
1376 	if (a->neg != b->neg || a->port_op != b->port_op ||
1377 	    a->port[0] != b->port[0] || a->port[1] != b->port[1])
1378 		return (0);
1379 	return (1);
1380 }
1381 
1382 
1383 /*
1384  * Are we allowed to combine these two rules
1385  */
1386 int
1387 rules_combineable(struct pf_rule *p1, struct pf_rule *p2)
1388 {
1389 	struct pf_rule a, b;
1390 
1391 	comparable_rule(&a, p1, COMBINED);
1392 	comparable_rule(&b, p2, COMBINED);
1393 	return (memcmp(&a, &b, sizeof(a)) == 0);
1394 }
1395 
1396 
1397 /*
1398  * Can a rule be included inside a superblock
1399  */
1400 int
1401 superblock_inclusive(struct superblock *block, struct pf_opt_rule *por)
1402 {
1403 	struct pf_rule a, b;
1404 	int i, j;
1405 
1406 	/* First check for hard breaks */
1407 	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(pf_rule_desc)/sizeof(*pf_rule_desc); i++) {
1408 		if (pf_rule_desc[i].prf_type == BARRIER) {
1409 			for (j = 0; j < pf_rule_desc[i].prf_size; j++)
1410 				if (((char *)&por->por_rule)[j +
1411 				    pf_rule_desc[i].prf_offset] != 0)
1412 					return (0);
1413 		}
1414 	}
1415 
1416 	/* per-rule src-track is also a hard break */
1417 	if (por->por_rule.rule_flag & PFRULE_RULESRCTRACK)
1418 		return (0);
1419 
1420 	/*
1421 	 * Have to handle interface groups seperately.  Consider the following
1422 	 * rules:
1423 	 *	block on EXTIFS to any port 22
1424 	 *	pass  on em0 to any port 22
1425 	 * (where EXTIFS is an arbitrary interface group)
1426 	 * The optimizer may decide to re-order the pass rule in front of the
1427 	 * block rule.  But what if EXTIFS includes em0???  Such a reordering
1428 	 * would change the meaning of the ruleset.
1429 	 * We can't just lookup the EXTIFS group and check if em0 is a member
1430 	 * because the user is allowed to add interfaces to a group during
1431 	 * runtime.
1432 	 * Ergo interface groups become a defacto superblock break :-(
1433 	 */
1434 	if (interface_group(por->por_rule.ifname) ||
1435 	    interface_group(TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules)->por_rule.ifname)) {
1436 		if (strcasecmp(por->por_rule.ifname,
1437 		    TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules)->por_rule.ifname) != 0)
1438 			return (0);
1439 	}
1440 
1441 	comparable_rule(&a, &TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules)->por_rule, NOMERGE);
1442 	comparable_rule(&b, &por->por_rule, NOMERGE);
1443 	if (memcmp(&a, &b, sizeof(a)) == 0)
1444 		return (1);
1445 
1446 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
1447 	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(por->por_rule); i++) {
1448 		int closest = -1;
1449 		if (((u_int8_t *)&a)[i] != ((u_int8_t *)&b)[i]) {
1450 			for (j = 0; j < sizeof(pf_rule_desc) /
1451 			    sizeof(*pf_rule_desc); j++) {
1452 				if (i >= pf_rule_desc[j].prf_offset &&
1453 				    i < pf_rule_desc[j].prf_offset +
1454 				    pf_rule_desc[j].prf_size) {
1455 					DEBUG("superblock break @ %d due to %s",
1456 					    por->por_rule.nr,
1457 					    pf_rule_desc[j].prf_name);
1458 					return (0);
1459 				}
1460 				if (i > pf_rule_desc[j].prf_offset) {
1461 					if (closest == -1 ||
1462 					    i-pf_rule_desc[j].prf_offset <
1463 					    i-pf_rule_desc[closest].prf_offset)
1464 						closest = j;
1465 				}
1466 			}
1467 
1468 			if (closest >= 0)
1469 				DEBUG("superblock break @ %d on %s+%xh",
1470 				    por->por_rule.nr,
1471 				    pf_rule_desc[closest].prf_name,
1472 				    i - pf_rule_desc[closest].prf_offset -
1473 				    pf_rule_desc[closest].prf_size);
1474 			else
1475 				DEBUG("superblock break @ %d on field @ %d",
1476 				    por->por_rule.nr, i);
1477 			return (0);
1478 		}
1479 	}
1480 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
1481 
1482 	return (0);
1483 }
1484 
1485 
1486 /*
1487  * Figure out if an interface name is an actual interface or actually a
1488  * group of interfaces.
1489  */
1490 int
1491 interface_group(const char *ifname)
1492 {
1493 	if (ifname == NULL || !ifname[0])
1494 		return (0);
1495 
1496 	/* Real interfaces must end in a number, interface groups do not */
1497 	if (isdigit((unsigned char)ifname[strlen(ifname) - 1]))
1498 		return (0);
1499 	else
1500 		return (1);
1501 }
1502 
1503 
1504 /*
1505  * Make a rule that can directly compared by memcmp()
1506  */
1507 void
1508 comparable_rule(struct pf_rule *dst, const struct pf_rule *src, int type)
1509 {
1510 	int i;
1511 	/*
1512 	 * To simplify the comparison, we just zero out the fields that are
1513 	 * allowed to be different and then do a simple memcmp()
1514 	 */
1515 	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(*dst));
1516 	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(pf_rule_desc)/sizeof(*pf_rule_desc); i++)
1517 		if (pf_rule_desc[i].prf_type >= type) {
1518 #ifdef OPT_DEBUG
1519 			assert(pf_rule_desc[i].prf_type != NEVER ||
1520 			    *(((char *)dst) + pf_rule_desc[i].prf_offset) == 0);
1521 #endif /* OPT_DEBUG */
1522 			memset(((char *)dst) + pf_rule_desc[i].prf_offset, 0,
1523 			    pf_rule_desc[i].prf_size);
1524 		}
1525 }
1526 
1527 
1528 /*
1529  * Remove superset information from two rules so we can directly compare them
1530  * with memcmp()
1531  */
1532 void
1533 exclude_supersets(struct pf_rule *super, struct pf_rule *sub)
1534 {
1535 	if (super->ifname[0] == '\0')
1536 		memset(sub->ifname, 0, sizeof(sub->ifname));
1537 	if (super->direction == PF_INOUT)
1538 		sub->direction = PF_INOUT;
1539 	if ((super->proto == 0 || super->proto == sub->proto) &&
1540 	    super->flags == 0 && super->flagset == 0 && (sub->flags ||
1541 	    sub->flagset)) {
1542 		sub->flags = super->flags;
1543 		sub->flagset = super->flagset;
1544 	}
1545 	if (super->proto == 0)
1546 		sub->proto = 0;
1547 
1548 	if (super->src.port_op == 0) {
1549 		sub->src.port_op = 0;
1550 		sub->src.port[0] = 0;
1551 		sub->src.port[1] = 0;
1552 	}
1553 	if (super->dst.port_op == 0) {
1554 		sub->dst.port_op = 0;
1555 		sub->dst.port[0] = 0;
1556 		sub->dst.port[1] = 0;
1557 	}
1558 
1559 	if (super->src.addr.type == PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK && !super->src.neg &&
1560 	    !sub->src.neg && super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[0] == 0 &&
1561 	    super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[1] == 0 &&
1562 	    super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[2] == 0 &&
1563 	    super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[3] == 0)
1564 		memset(&sub->src.addr, 0, sizeof(sub->src.addr));
1565 	else if (super->src.addr.type == PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK &&
1566 	    sub->src.addr.type == PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK &&
1567 	    super->src.neg == sub->src.neg &&
1568 	    super->af == sub->af &&
1569 	    unmask(&super->src.addr.v.a.mask, super->af) <
1570 	    unmask(&sub->src.addr.v.a.mask, sub->af) &&
1571 	    super->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[0] ==
1572 	    (sub->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[0] &
1573 	    super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[0]) &&
1574 	    super->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[1] ==
1575 	    (sub->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[1] &
1576 	    super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[1]) &&
1577 	    super->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[2] ==
1578 	    (sub->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[2] &
1579 	    super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[2]) &&
1580 	    super->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[3] ==
1581 	    (sub->src.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[3] &
1582 	    super->src.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[3])) {
1583 		/* sub->src.addr is a subset of super->src.addr/mask */
1584 		memcpy(&sub->src.addr, &super->src.addr, sizeof(sub->src.addr));
1585 	}
1586 
1587 	if (super->dst.addr.type == PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK && !super->dst.neg &&
1588 	    !sub->dst.neg && super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[0] == 0 &&
1589 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[1] == 0 &&
1590 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[2] == 0 &&
1591 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[3] == 0)
1592 		memset(&sub->dst.addr, 0, sizeof(sub->dst.addr));
1593 	else if (super->dst.addr.type == PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK &&
1594 	    sub->dst.addr.type == PF_ADDR_ADDRMASK &&
1595 	    super->dst.neg == sub->dst.neg &&
1596 	    super->af == sub->af &&
1597 	    unmask(&super->dst.addr.v.a.mask, super->af) <
1598 	    unmask(&sub->dst.addr.v.a.mask, sub->af) &&
1599 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[0] ==
1600 	    (sub->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[0] &
1601 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[0]) &&
1602 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[1] ==
1603 	    (sub->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[1] &
1604 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[1]) &&
1605 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[2] ==
1606 	    (sub->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[2] &
1607 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[2]) &&
1608 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[3] ==
1609 	    (sub->dst.addr.v.a.addr.addr32[3] &
1610 	    super->dst.addr.v.a.mask.addr32[3])) {
1611 		/* sub->dst.addr is a subset of super->dst.addr/mask */
1612 		memcpy(&sub->dst.addr, &super->dst.addr, sizeof(sub->dst.addr));
1613 	}
1614 
1615 	if (super->af == 0)
1616 		sub->af = 0;
1617 }
1618 
1619 
1620 void
1621 superblock_free(struct pfctl *pf, struct superblock *block)
1622 {
1623 	struct pf_opt_rule *por;
1624 	while ((por = TAILQ_FIRST(&block->sb_rules))) {
1625 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&block->sb_rules, por, por_entry);
1626 		if (por->por_src_tbl) {
1627 			if (por->por_src_tbl->pt_buf) {
1628 				pfr_buf_clear(por->por_src_tbl->pt_buf);
1629 				free(por->por_src_tbl->pt_buf);
1630 			}
1631 			free(por->por_src_tbl);
1632 		}
1633 		if (por->por_dst_tbl) {
1634 			if (por->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf) {
1635 				pfr_buf_clear(por->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf);
1636 				free(por->por_dst_tbl->pt_buf);
1637 			}
1638 			free(por->por_dst_tbl);
1639 		}
1640 		free(por);
1641 	}
1642 	if (block->sb_profiled_block)
1643 		superblock_free(pf, block->sb_profiled_block);
1644 	free(block);
1645 }
1646 
1647