xref: /netbsd-src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/sshkey.c (revision 7d62b00eb9ad855ffcd7da46b41e23feb5476fac)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sshkey.c,v 1.29 2022/10/05 22:39:36 christos Exp $	*/
2 /* $OpenBSD: sshkey.c,v 1.122 2022/09/17 10:30:45 djm Exp $ */
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
6  * Copyright (c) 2008 Alexander von Gernler.  All rights reserved.
7  * Copyright (c) 2010,2011 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  *
18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
20  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
21  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
22  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
23  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
24  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
25  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
26  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
27  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 #include "includes.h"
30 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sshkey.c,v 1.29 2022/10/05 22:39:36 christos Exp $");
31 
32 #include <sys/types.h>
33 #include <netinet/in.h>
34 
35 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
36 #include <openssl/evp.h>
37 #include <openssl/err.h>
38 #include <openssl/pem.h>
39 #endif
40 
41 #include "crypto_api.h"
42 
43 #include <errno.h>
44 #include <stdio.h>
45 #include <string.h>
46 #include <util.h>
47 #include <limits.h>
48 #include <resolv.h>
49 
50 #include "ssh2.h"
51 #include "ssherr.h"
52 #include "misc.h"
53 #include "sshbuf.h"
54 #include "cipher.h"
55 #include "digest.h"
56 #define SSHKEY_INTERNAL
57 #include "sshkey.h"
58 #include "match.h"
59 #include "ssh-sk.h"
60 
61 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
62 #include "sshkey-xmss.h"
63 #include "xmss_fast.h"
64 #endif
65 
66 /* openssh private key file format */
67 #define MARK_BEGIN		"-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----\n"
68 #define MARK_END		"-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----\n"
69 #define MARK_BEGIN_LEN		(sizeof(MARK_BEGIN) - 1)
70 #define MARK_END_LEN		(sizeof(MARK_END) - 1)
71 #define KDFNAME			"bcrypt"
72 #define AUTH_MAGIC		"openssh-key-v1"
73 #define SALT_LEN		16
74 #define DEFAULT_CIPHERNAME	"aes256-ctr"
75 #define	DEFAULT_ROUNDS		16
76 
77 /* Version identification string for SSH v1 identity files. */
78 #define LEGACY_BEGIN		"SSH PRIVATE KEY FILE FORMAT 1.1\n"
79 
80 /*
81  * Constants relating to "shielding" support; protection of keys expected
82  * to remain in memory for long durations
83  */
84 #define SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN	(16 * 1024)
85 #define SSHKEY_SHIELD_CIPHER		"aes256-ctr" /* XXX want AES-EME* */
86 #define SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH	SSH_DIGEST_SHA512
87 
88 int	sshkey_private_serialize_opt(struct sshkey *key,
89     struct sshbuf *buf, enum sshkey_serialize_rep);
90 static int sshkey_from_blob_internal(struct sshbuf *buf,
91     struct sshkey **keyp, int allow_cert);
92 
93 /* Supported key types */
94 struct keytype {
95 	const char *name;
96 	const char *shortname;
97 	const char *sigalg;
98 	int type;
99 	int nid;
100 	int cert;
101 	int sigonly;
102 };
103 static const struct keytype keytypes[] = {
104 	{ "ssh-ed25519", "ED25519", NULL, KEY_ED25519, 0, 0, 0 },
105 	{ "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ED25519-CERT", NULL,
106 	    KEY_ED25519_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
107 	{ "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com", "ED25519-SK", NULL,
108 	    KEY_ED25519_SK, 0, 0, 0 },
109 	{ "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ED25519-SK-CERT", NULL,
110 	    KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
111 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
112 	{ "ssh-xmss@openssh.com", "XMSS", NULL, KEY_XMSS, 0, 0, 0 },
113 	{ "ssh-xmss-cert-v01@openssh.com", "XMSS-CERT", NULL,
114 	    KEY_XMSS_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
115 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
116 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
117 	{ "ssh-rsa", "RSA", NULL, KEY_RSA, 0, 0, 0 },
118 	{ "rsa-sha2-256", "RSA", NULL, KEY_RSA, 0, 0, 1 },
119 	{ "rsa-sha2-512", "RSA", NULL, KEY_RSA, 0, 0, 1 },
120 	{ "ssh-dss", "DSA", NULL, KEY_DSA, 0, 0, 0 },
121 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", "ECDSA", NULL,
122 	    KEY_ECDSA, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 0, 0 },
123 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", "ECDSA", NULL,
124 	    KEY_ECDSA, NID_secp384r1, 0, 0 },
125 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521", "ECDSA", NULL,
126 	    KEY_ECDSA, NID_secp521r1, 0, 0 },
127 	{ "sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com", "ECDSA-SK", NULL,
128 	    KEY_ECDSA_SK, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 0, 0 },
129 	{ "webauthn-sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com", "ECDSA-SK", NULL,
130 	    KEY_ECDSA_SK, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 0, 1 },
131 	{ "ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com", "RSA-CERT", NULL,
132 	    KEY_RSA_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
133 	{ "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com", "RSA-CERT",
134 	    "rsa-sha2-256", KEY_RSA_CERT, 0, 1, 1 },
135 	{ "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com", "RSA-CERT",
136 	    "rsa-sha2-512", KEY_RSA_CERT, 0, 1, 1 },
137 	{ "ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com", "DSA-CERT", NULL,
138 	    KEY_DSA_CERT, 0, 1, 0 },
139 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-CERT", NULL,
140 	    KEY_ECDSA_CERT, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 1, 0 },
141 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-CERT", NULL,
142 	    KEY_ECDSA_CERT, NID_secp384r1, 1, 0 },
143 	{ "ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-CERT", NULL,
144 	    KEY_ECDSA_CERT, NID_secp521r1, 1, 0 },
145 	{ "sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com", "ECDSA-SK-CERT", NULL,
146 	    KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT, NID_X9_62_prime256v1, 1, 0 },
147 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
148 	{ NULL, NULL, NULL, -1, -1, 0, 0 }
149 };
150 
151 const char *
152 sshkey_type(const struct sshkey *k)
153 {
154 	const struct keytype *kt;
155 
156 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
157 		if (kt->type == k->type)
158 			return kt->shortname;
159 	}
160 	return "unknown";
161 }
162 
163 static const char *
164 sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(int type, int nid)
165 {
166 	const struct keytype *kt;
167 
168 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
169 		if (kt->type == type && (kt->nid == 0 || kt->nid == nid))
170 			return kt->name;
171 	}
172 	return "ssh-unknown";
173 }
174 
175 int
176 sshkey_type_is_cert(int type)
177 {
178 	const struct keytype *kt;
179 
180 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
181 		if (kt->type == type)
182 			return kt->cert;
183 	}
184 	return 0;
185 }
186 
187 const char *
188 sshkey_ssh_name(const struct sshkey *k)
189 {
190 	return sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(k->type, k->ecdsa_nid);
191 }
192 
193 const char *
194 sshkey_ssh_name_plain(const struct sshkey *k)
195 {
196 	return sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(sshkey_type_plain(k->type),
197 	    k->ecdsa_nid);
198 }
199 
200 int
201 sshkey_type_from_name(const char *name)
202 {
203 	const struct keytype *kt;
204 
205 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
206 		/* Only allow shortname matches for plain key types */
207 		if ((kt->name != NULL && strcmp(name, kt->name) == 0) ||
208 		    (!kt->cert && strcasecmp(kt->shortname, name) == 0))
209 			return kt->type;
210 	}
211 	return KEY_UNSPEC;
212 }
213 
214 static int
215 key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(int type)
216 {
217 	switch (type) {
218 	case KEY_ECDSA:
219 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
220 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
221 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
222 		return 1;
223 	}
224 	return 0;
225 }
226 
227 int
228 sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(const char *name)
229 {
230 	const struct keytype *kt;
231 
232 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
233 		if (!key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(kt->type))
234 			continue;
235 		if (kt->name != NULL && strcmp(name, kt->name) == 0)
236 			return kt->nid;
237 	}
238 	return -1;
239 }
240 
241 int
242 sshkey_match_keyname_to_sigalgs(const char *keyname, const char *sigalgs)
243 {
244 	int ktype;
245 
246 	if (sigalgs == NULL || *sigalgs == '\0' ||
247 	    (ktype = sshkey_type_from_name(keyname)) == KEY_UNSPEC)
248 		return 0;
249 	else if (ktype == KEY_RSA) {
250 		return match_pattern_list("ssh-rsa", sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
251 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-256", sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
252 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-512", sigalgs, 0) == 1;
253 	} else if (ktype == KEY_RSA_CERT) {
254 		return match_pattern_list("ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com",
255 		    sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
256 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com",
257 		    sigalgs, 0) == 1 ||
258 		    match_pattern_list("rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com",
259 		    sigalgs, 0) == 1;
260 	} else
261 		return match_pattern_list(keyname, sigalgs, 0) == 1;
262 }
263 
264 char *
265 sshkey_alg_list(int certs_only, int plain_only, int include_sigonly, char sep)
266 {
267 	char *tmp, *ret = NULL;
268 	size_t nlen, rlen = 0;
269 	const struct keytype *kt;
270 
271 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
272 		if (kt->name == NULL)
273 			continue;
274 		if (!include_sigonly && kt->sigonly)
275 			continue;
276 		if ((certs_only && !kt->cert) || (plain_only && kt->cert))
277 			continue;
278 		if (ret != NULL)
279 			ret[rlen++] = sep;
280 		nlen = strlen(kt->name);
281 		if ((tmp = realloc(ret, rlen + nlen + 2)) == NULL) {
282 			free(ret);
283 			return NULL;
284 		}
285 		ret = tmp;
286 		memcpy(ret + rlen, kt->name, nlen + 1);
287 		rlen += nlen;
288 	}
289 	return ret;
290 }
291 
292 int
293 sshkey_names_valid2(const char *names, int allow_wildcard)
294 {
295 	char *s, *cp, *p;
296 	const struct keytype *kt;
297 	int type;
298 
299 	if (names == NULL || strcmp(names, "") == 0)
300 		return 0;
301 	if ((s = cp = strdup(names)) == NULL)
302 		return 0;
303 	for ((p = strsep(&cp, ",")); p && *p != '\0';
304 	    (p = strsep(&cp, ","))) {
305 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(p);
306 		if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
307 			if (allow_wildcard) {
308 				/*
309 				 * Try matching key types against the string.
310 				 * If any has a positive or negative match then
311 				 * the component is accepted.
312 				 */
313 				for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
314 					if (match_pattern_list(kt->name,
315 					    p, 0) != 0)
316 						break;
317 				}
318 				if (kt->type != -1)
319 					continue;
320 			}
321 			free(s);
322 			return 0;
323 		}
324 	}
325 	free(s);
326 	return 1;
327 }
328 
329 u_int
330 sshkey_size(const struct sshkey *k)
331 {
332 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
333 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *dsa_p;
334 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
335 
336 	switch (k->type) {
337 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
338 	case KEY_RSA:
339 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
340 		if (k->rsa == NULL)
341 			return 0;
342 		RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, NULL, NULL);
343 		return BN_num_bits(rsa_n);
344 	case KEY_DSA:
345 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
346 		if (k->dsa == NULL)
347 			return 0;
348 		DSA_get0_pqg(k->dsa, &dsa_p, NULL, NULL);
349 		return BN_num_bits(dsa_p);
350 	case KEY_ECDSA:
351 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
352 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
353 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
354 		return sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(k->ecdsa_nid);
355 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
356 	case KEY_ED25519:
357 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
358 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
359 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
360 	case KEY_XMSS:
361 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
362 		return 256;	/* XXX */
363 	}
364 	return 0;
365 }
366 
367 static int
368 sshkey_type_is_valid_ca(int type)
369 {
370 	switch (type) {
371 	case KEY_RSA:
372 	case KEY_DSA:
373 	case KEY_ECDSA:
374 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
375 	case KEY_ED25519:
376 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
377 	case KEY_XMSS:
378 		return 1;
379 	default:
380 		return 0;
381 	}
382 }
383 
384 int
385 sshkey_is_cert(const struct sshkey *k)
386 {
387 	if (k == NULL)
388 		return 0;
389 	return sshkey_type_is_cert(k->type);
390 }
391 
392 int
393 sshkey_is_sk(const struct sshkey *k)
394 {
395 	if (k == NULL)
396 		return 0;
397 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
398 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
399 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
400 		return 1;
401 	default:
402 		return 0;
403 	}
404 }
405 
406 /* Return the cert-less equivalent to a certified key type */
407 int
408 sshkey_type_plain(int type)
409 {
410 	switch (type) {
411 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
412 		return KEY_RSA;
413 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
414 		return KEY_DSA;
415 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
416 		return KEY_ECDSA;
417 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
418 		return KEY_ECDSA_SK;
419 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
420 		return KEY_ED25519;
421 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
422 		return KEY_ED25519_SK;
423 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
424 		return KEY_XMSS;
425 	default:
426 		return type;
427 	}
428 }
429 
430 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
431 /* XXX: these are really begging for a table-driven approach */
432 int
433 sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(const char *name)
434 {
435 	if (strcmp(name, "nistp256") == 0)
436 		return NID_X9_62_prime256v1;
437 	else if (strcmp(name, "nistp384") == 0)
438 		return NID_secp384r1;
439 	else if (strcmp(name, "nistp521") == 0)
440 		return NID_secp521r1;
441 	else
442 		return -1;
443 }
444 
445 u_int
446 sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(int nid)
447 {
448 	switch (nid) {
449 	case NID_X9_62_prime256v1:
450 		return 256;
451 	case NID_secp384r1:
452 		return 384;
453 	case NID_secp521r1:
454 		return 521;
455 	default:
456 		return 0;
457 	}
458 }
459 
460 int
461 sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(int bits)
462 {
463 	switch (bits) {
464 	case 256:
465 		return NID_X9_62_prime256v1;
466 	case 384:
467 		return NID_secp384r1;
468 	case 521:
469 		return NID_secp521r1;
470 	default:
471 		return -1;
472 	}
473 }
474 
475 const char *
476 sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(int nid)
477 {
478 	switch (nid) {
479 	case NID_X9_62_prime256v1:
480 		return "nistp256";
481 	case NID_secp384r1:
482 		return "nistp384";
483 	case NID_secp521r1:
484 		return "nistp521";
485 	default:
486 		return NULL;
487 	}
488 }
489 
490 int
491 sshkey_ec_nid_to_hash_alg(int nid)
492 {
493 	int kbits = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
494 
495 	if (kbits <= 0)
496 		return -1;
497 
498 	/* RFC5656 section 6.2.1 */
499 	if (kbits <= 256)
500 		return SSH_DIGEST_SHA256;
501 	else if (kbits <= 384)
502 		return SSH_DIGEST_SHA384;
503 	else
504 		return SSH_DIGEST_SHA512;
505 }
506 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
507 
508 static void
509 cert_free(struct sshkey_cert *cert)
510 {
511 	u_int i;
512 
513 	if (cert == NULL)
514 		return;
515 	sshbuf_free(cert->certblob);
516 	sshbuf_free(cert->critical);
517 	sshbuf_free(cert->extensions);
518 	free(cert->key_id);
519 	for (i = 0; i < cert->nprincipals; i++)
520 		free(cert->principals[i]);
521 	free(cert->principals);
522 	sshkey_free(cert->signature_key);
523 	free(cert->signature_type);
524 	freezero(cert, sizeof(*cert));
525 }
526 
527 static struct sshkey_cert *
528 cert_new(void)
529 {
530 	struct sshkey_cert *cert;
531 
532 	if ((cert = calloc(1, sizeof(*cert))) == NULL)
533 		return NULL;
534 	if ((cert->certblob = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
535 	    (cert->critical = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
536 	    (cert->extensions = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
537 		cert_free(cert);
538 		return NULL;
539 	}
540 	cert->key_id = NULL;
541 	cert->principals = NULL;
542 	cert->signature_key = NULL;
543 	cert->signature_type = NULL;
544 	return cert;
545 }
546 
547 struct sshkey *
548 sshkey_new(int type)
549 {
550 	struct sshkey *k;
551 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
552 	RSA *rsa;
553 	DSA *dsa;
554 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
555 
556 	if ((k = calloc(1, sizeof(*k))) == NULL)
557 		return NULL;
558 	k->type = type;
559 	k->ecdsa = NULL;
560 	k->ecdsa_nid = -1;
561 	k->dsa = NULL;
562 	k->rsa = NULL;
563 	k->cert = NULL;
564 	k->ed25519_sk = NULL;
565 	k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
566 	k->xmss_sk = NULL;
567 	k->xmss_pk = NULL;
568 	switch (k->type) {
569 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
570 	case KEY_RSA:
571 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
572 		if ((rsa = RSA_new()) == NULL) {
573 			free(k);
574 			return NULL;
575 		}
576 		k->rsa = rsa;
577 		break;
578 	case KEY_DSA:
579 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
580 		if ((dsa = DSA_new()) == NULL) {
581 			free(k);
582 			return NULL;
583 		}
584 		k->dsa = dsa;
585 		break;
586 	case KEY_ECDSA:
587 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
588 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
589 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
590 		/* Cannot do anything until we know the group */
591 		break;
592 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
593 	case KEY_ED25519:
594 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
595 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
596 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
597 	case KEY_XMSS:
598 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
599 		/* no need to prealloc */
600 		break;
601 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
602 		break;
603 	default:
604 		free(k);
605 		return NULL;
606 	}
607 
608 	if (sshkey_is_cert(k)) {
609 		if ((k->cert = cert_new()) == NULL) {
610 			sshkey_free(k);
611 			return NULL;
612 		}
613 	}
614 
615 	return k;
616 }
617 
618 void
619 sshkey_free(struct sshkey *k)
620 {
621 	if (k == NULL)
622 		return;
623 	switch (k->type) {
624 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
625 	case KEY_RSA:
626 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
627 		RSA_free(k->rsa);
628 		k->rsa = NULL;
629 		break;
630 	case KEY_DSA:
631 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
632 		DSA_free(k->dsa);
633 		k->dsa = NULL;
634 		break;
635 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
636 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
637 		free(k->sk_application);
638 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_key_handle);
639 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_reserved);
640 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
641 	case KEY_ECDSA:
642 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
643 		EC_KEY_free(k->ecdsa);
644 		k->ecdsa = NULL;
645 		break;
646 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
647 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
648 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
649 		free(k->sk_application);
650 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_key_handle);
651 		sshbuf_free(k->sk_reserved);
652 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
653 	case KEY_ED25519:
654 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
655 		freezero(k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
656 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
657 		freezero(k->ed25519_sk, ED25519_SK_SZ);
658 		k->ed25519_sk = NULL;
659 		break;
660 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
661 	case KEY_XMSS:
662 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
663 		freezero(k->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(k));
664 		k->xmss_pk = NULL;
665 		freezero(k->xmss_sk, sshkey_xmss_sklen(k));
666 		k->xmss_sk = NULL;
667 		sshkey_xmss_free_state(k);
668 		free(k->xmss_name);
669 		k->xmss_name = NULL;
670 		free(k->xmss_filename);
671 		k->xmss_filename = NULL;
672 		break;
673 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
674 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
675 		break;
676 	default:
677 		break;
678 	}
679 	if (sshkey_is_cert(k))
680 		cert_free(k->cert);
681 	freezero(k->shielded_private, k->shielded_len);
682 	freezero(k->shield_prekey, k->shield_prekey_len);
683 	freezero(k, sizeof(*k));
684 }
685 
686 static int
687 cert_compare(struct sshkey_cert *a, struct sshkey_cert *b)
688 {
689 	if (a == NULL && b == NULL)
690 		return 1;
691 	if (a == NULL || b == NULL)
692 		return 0;
693 	if (sshbuf_len(a->certblob) != sshbuf_len(b->certblob))
694 		return 0;
695 	if (timingsafe_bcmp(sshbuf_ptr(a->certblob), sshbuf_ptr(b->certblob),
696 	    sshbuf_len(a->certblob)) != 0)
697 		return 0;
698 	return 1;
699 }
700 
701 /*
702  * Compare public portions of key only, allowing comparisons between
703  * certificates and plain keys too.
704  */
705 int
706 sshkey_equal_public(const struct sshkey *a, const struct sshkey *b)
707 {
708 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
709 	const BIGNUM *rsa_e_a, *rsa_n_a;
710 	const BIGNUM *rsa_e_b, *rsa_n_b;
711 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p_a, *dsa_q_a, *dsa_g_a, *dsa_pub_key_a;
712 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p_b, *dsa_q_b, *dsa_g_b, *dsa_pub_key_b;
713 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
714 
715 	if (a == NULL || b == NULL ||
716 	    sshkey_type_plain(a->type) != sshkey_type_plain(b->type))
717 		return 0;
718 
719 	switch (a->type) {
720 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
721 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
722 	case KEY_RSA:
723 		if (a->rsa == NULL || b->rsa == NULL)
724 			return 0;
725 		RSA_get0_key(a->rsa, &rsa_n_a, &rsa_e_a, NULL);
726 		RSA_get0_key(b->rsa, &rsa_n_b, &rsa_e_b, NULL);
727 		return BN_cmp(rsa_e_a, rsa_e_b) == 0 &&
728 		    BN_cmp(rsa_n_a, rsa_n_b) == 0;
729 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
730 	case KEY_DSA:
731 		if (a->dsa == NULL || b->dsa == NULL)
732 			return 0;
733 		DSA_get0_pqg(a->dsa, &dsa_p_a, &dsa_q_a, &dsa_g_a);
734 		DSA_get0_pqg(b->dsa, &dsa_p_b, &dsa_q_b, &dsa_g_b);
735 		DSA_get0_key(a->dsa, &dsa_pub_key_a, NULL);
736 		DSA_get0_key(b->dsa, &dsa_pub_key_b, NULL);
737 		return BN_cmp(dsa_p_a, dsa_p_b) == 0 &&
738 		    BN_cmp(dsa_q_a, dsa_q_b) == 0 &&
739 		    BN_cmp(dsa_g_a, dsa_g_b) == 0 &&
740 		    BN_cmp(dsa_pub_key_a, dsa_pub_key_b) == 0;
741 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
742 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
743 		if (a->sk_application == NULL || b->sk_application == NULL)
744 			return 0;
745 		if (strcmp(a->sk_application, b->sk_application) != 0)
746 			return 0;
747 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
748 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
749 	case KEY_ECDSA:
750 		if (a->ecdsa == NULL || b->ecdsa == NULL ||
751 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(a->ecdsa) == NULL ||
752 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(b->ecdsa) == NULL)
753 			return 0;
754 		if (EC_GROUP_cmp(EC_KEY_get0_group(a->ecdsa),
755 		    EC_KEY_get0_group(b->ecdsa), NULL) != 0 ||
756 		    EC_POINT_cmp(EC_KEY_get0_group(a->ecdsa),
757 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(a->ecdsa),
758 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(b->ecdsa), NULL) != 0)
759 			return 0;
760 		return 1;
761 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
762 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
763 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
764 		if (a->sk_application == NULL || b->sk_application == NULL)
765 			return 0;
766 		if (strcmp(a->sk_application, b->sk_application) != 0)
767 			return 0;
768 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
769 	case KEY_ED25519:
770 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
771 		return a->ed25519_pk != NULL && b->ed25519_pk != NULL &&
772 		    memcmp(a->ed25519_pk, b->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ) == 0;
773 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
774 	case KEY_XMSS:
775 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
776 		return a->xmss_pk != NULL && b->xmss_pk != NULL &&
777 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(a) == sshkey_xmss_pklen(b) &&
778 		    memcmp(a->xmss_pk, b->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(a)) == 0;
779 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
780 	default:
781 		return 0;
782 	}
783 	/* NOTREACHED */
784 }
785 
786 int
787 sshkey_equal(const struct sshkey *a, const struct sshkey *b)
788 {
789 	if (a == NULL || b == NULL || a->type != b->type)
790 		return 0;
791 	if (sshkey_is_cert(a)) {
792 		if (!cert_compare(a->cert, b->cert))
793 			return 0;
794 	}
795 	return sshkey_equal_public(a, b);
796 }
797 
798 static int
799 to_blob_buf(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b, int force_plain,
800   enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
801 {
802 	int type, ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
803 	const char *typename;
804 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
805 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e, *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key;
806 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
807 
808 	if (key == NULL)
809 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
810 
811 	if (sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
812 		if (key->cert == NULL)
813 			return SSH_ERR_EXPECTED_CERT;
814 		if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0)
815 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_LACKS_CERTBLOB;
816 	}
817 	type = force_plain ? sshkey_type_plain(key->type) : key->type;
818 	typename = sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(type, key->ecdsa_nid);
819 
820 	switch (type) {
821 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
822 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
823 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
824 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
825 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
826 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
827 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
828 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
829 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
830 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
831 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
832 		/* Use the existing blob */
833 		/* XXX modified flag? */
834 		if ((ret = sshbuf_putb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0)
835 			return ret;
836 		break;
837 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
838 	case KEY_DSA:
839 		if (key->dsa == NULL)
840 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
841 		DSA_get0_pqg(key->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
842 		DSA_get0_key(key->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, NULL);
843 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
844 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_p)) != 0 ||
845 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_q)) != 0 ||
846 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_g)) != 0 ||
847 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_pub_key)) != 0)
848 			return ret;
849 		break;
850 	case KEY_ECDSA:
851 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
852 		if (key->ecdsa == NULL)
853 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
854 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
855 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
856 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(key->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
857 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0)
858 			return ret;
859 		if (type == KEY_ECDSA_SK) {
860 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
861 			    key->sk_application)) != 0)
862 				return ret;
863 		}
864 		break;
865 	case KEY_RSA:
866 		if (key->rsa == NULL)
867 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
868 		RSA_get0_key(key->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, NULL);
869 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
870 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_e)) != 0 ||
871 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_n)) != 0)
872 			return ret;
873 		break;
874 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
875 	case KEY_ED25519:
876 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
877 		if (key->ed25519_pk == NULL)
878 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
879 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
880 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(b,
881 		    key->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0)
882 			return ret;
883 		if (type == KEY_ED25519_SK) {
884 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
885 			    key->sk_application)) != 0)
886 				return ret;
887 		}
888 		break;
889 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
890 	case KEY_XMSS:
891 		if (key->xmss_name == NULL || key->xmss_pk == NULL ||
892 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(key) == 0)
893 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
894 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, typename)) != 0 ||
895 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->xmss_name)) != 0 ||
896 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(b,
897 		    key->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(key))) != 0 ||
898 		    (ret = sshkey_xmss_serialize_pk_info(key, b, opts)) != 0)
899 			return ret;
900 		break;
901 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
902 	default:
903 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
904 	}
905 	return 0;
906 }
907 
908 int
909 sshkey_putb(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
910 {
911 	return to_blob_buf(key, b, 0, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
912 }
913 
914 int
915 sshkey_puts_opts(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b,
916     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
917 {
918 	struct sshbuf *tmp;
919 	int r;
920 
921 	if ((tmp = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
922 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
923 	r = to_blob_buf(key, tmp, 0, opts);
924 	if (r == 0)
925 		r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, tmp);
926 	sshbuf_free(tmp);
927 	return r;
928 }
929 
930 int
931 sshkey_puts(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
932 {
933 	return sshkey_puts_opts(key, b, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
934 }
935 
936 int
937 sshkey_putb_plain(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
938 {
939 	return to_blob_buf(key, b, 1, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
940 }
941 
942 static int
943 to_blob(const struct sshkey *key, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp, int force_plain,
944     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
945 {
946 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
947 	size_t len;
948 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
949 
950 	if (lenp != NULL)
951 		*lenp = 0;
952 	if (blobp != NULL)
953 		*blobp = NULL;
954 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
955 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
956 	if ((ret = to_blob_buf(key, b, force_plain, opts)) != 0)
957 		goto out;
958 	len = sshbuf_len(b);
959 	if (lenp != NULL)
960 		*lenp = len;
961 	if (blobp != NULL) {
962 		if ((*blobp = malloc(len)) == NULL) {
963 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
964 			goto out;
965 		}
966 		memcpy(*blobp, sshbuf_ptr(b), len);
967 	}
968 	ret = 0;
969  out:
970 	sshbuf_free(b);
971 	return ret;
972 }
973 
974 int
975 sshkey_to_blob(const struct sshkey *key, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp)
976 {
977 	return to_blob(key, blobp, lenp, 0, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
978 }
979 
980 int
981 sshkey_plain_to_blob(const struct sshkey *key, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp)
982 {
983 	return to_blob(key, blobp, lenp, 1, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
984 }
985 
986 int
987 sshkey_fingerprint_raw(const struct sshkey *k, int dgst_alg,
988     u_char **retp, size_t *lenp)
989 {
990 	u_char *blob = NULL, *ret = NULL;
991 	size_t blob_len = 0;
992 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
993 
994 	if (retp != NULL)
995 		*retp = NULL;
996 	if (lenp != NULL)
997 		*lenp = 0;
998 	if (ssh_digest_bytes(dgst_alg) == 0) {
999 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1000 		goto out;
1001 	}
1002 	if ((r = to_blob(k, &blob, &blob_len, 1, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT))
1003 	    != 0)
1004 		goto out;
1005 	if ((ret = calloc(1, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) == NULL) {
1006 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1007 		goto out;
1008 	}
1009 	if ((r = ssh_digest_memory(dgst_alg, blob, blob_len,
1010 	    ret, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) != 0)
1011 		goto out;
1012 	/* success */
1013 	if (retp != NULL) {
1014 		*retp = ret;
1015 		ret = NULL;
1016 	}
1017 	if (lenp != NULL)
1018 		*lenp = ssh_digest_bytes(dgst_alg);
1019 	r = 0;
1020  out:
1021 	free(ret);
1022 	if (blob != NULL)
1023 		freezero(blob, blob_len);
1024 	return r;
1025 }
1026 
1027 static char *
1028 fingerprint_b64(const char *alg, u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len)
1029 {
1030 	char *ret;
1031 	size_t plen = strlen(alg) + 1;
1032 	size_t rlen = ((dgst_raw_len + 2) / 3) * 4 + plen + 1;
1033 
1034 	if (dgst_raw_len > 65536 || (ret = calloc(1, rlen)) == NULL)
1035 		return NULL;
1036 	strlcpy(ret, alg, rlen);
1037 	strlcat(ret, ":", rlen);
1038 	if (dgst_raw_len == 0)
1039 		return ret;
1040 	if (b64_ntop(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len, ret + plen, rlen - plen) == -1) {
1041 		freezero(ret, rlen);
1042 		return NULL;
1043 	}
1044 	/* Trim padding characters from end */
1045 	ret[strcspn(ret, "=")] = '\0';
1046 	return ret;
1047 }
1048 
1049 static char *
1050 fingerprint_hex(const char *alg, u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len)
1051 {
1052 	char *retval, hex[5];
1053 	size_t i, rlen = dgst_raw_len * 3 + strlen(alg) + 2;
1054 
1055 	if (dgst_raw_len > 65536 || (retval = calloc(1, rlen)) == NULL)
1056 		return NULL;
1057 	strlcpy(retval, alg, rlen);
1058 	strlcat(retval, ":", rlen);
1059 	for (i = 0; i < dgst_raw_len; i++) {
1060 		snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%s%02x",
1061 		    i > 0 ? ":" : "", dgst_raw[i]);
1062 		strlcat(retval, hex, rlen);
1063 	}
1064 	return retval;
1065 }
1066 
1067 static char *
1068 fingerprint_bubblebabble(u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len)
1069 {
1070 	char vowels[] = { 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y' };
1071 	char consonants[] = { 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'k', 'l', 'm',
1072 	    'n', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'v', 'z', 'x' };
1073 	u_int i, j = 0, rounds, seed = 1;
1074 	char *retval;
1075 
1076 	rounds = (dgst_raw_len / 2) + 1;
1077 	if ((retval = calloc(rounds, 6)) == NULL)
1078 		return NULL;
1079 	retval[j++] = 'x';
1080 	for (i = 0; i < rounds; i++) {
1081 		u_int idx0, idx1, idx2, idx3, idx4;
1082 		if ((i + 1 < rounds) || (dgst_raw_len % 2 != 0)) {
1083 			idx0 = (((((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) >> 6) & 3) +
1084 			    seed) % 6;
1085 			idx1 = (((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) >> 2) & 15;
1086 			idx2 = ((((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) & 3) +
1087 			    (seed / 6)) % 6;
1088 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx0];
1089 			retval[j++] = consonants[idx1];
1090 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx2];
1091 			if ((i + 1) < rounds) {
1092 				idx3 = (((u_int)(dgst_raw[(2 * i) + 1])) >> 4) & 15;
1093 				idx4 = (((u_int)(dgst_raw[(2 * i) + 1]))) & 15;
1094 				retval[j++] = consonants[idx3];
1095 				retval[j++] = '-';
1096 				retval[j++] = consonants[idx4];
1097 				seed = ((seed * 5) +
1098 				    ((((u_int)(dgst_raw[2 * i])) * 7) +
1099 				    ((u_int)(dgst_raw[(2 * i) + 1])))) % 36;
1100 			}
1101 		} else {
1102 			idx0 = seed % 6;
1103 			idx1 = 16;
1104 			idx2 = seed / 6;
1105 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx0];
1106 			retval[j++] = consonants[idx1];
1107 			retval[j++] = vowels[idx2];
1108 		}
1109 	}
1110 	retval[j++] = 'x';
1111 	retval[j++] = '\0';
1112 	return retval;
1113 }
1114 
1115 /*
1116  * Draw an ASCII-Art representing the fingerprint so human brain can
1117  * profit from its built-in pattern recognition ability.
1118  * This technique is called "random art" and can be found in some
1119  * scientific publications like this original paper:
1120  *
1121  * "Hash Visualization: a New Technique to improve Real-World Security",
1122  * Perrig A. and Song D., 1999, International Workshop on Cryptographic
1123  * Techniques and E-Commerce (CrypTEC '99)
1124  * sparrow.ece.cmu.edu/~adrian/projects/validation/validation.pdf
1125  *
1126  * The subject came up in a talk by Dan Kaminsky, too.
1127  *
1128  * If you see the picture is different, the key is different.
1129  * If the picture looks the same, you still know nothing.
1130  *
1131  * The algorithm used here is a worm crawling over a discrete plane,
1132  * leaving a trace (augmenting the field) everywhere it goes.
1133  * Movement is taken from dgst_raw 2bit-wise.  Bumping into walls
1134  * makes the respective movement vector be ignored for this turn.
1135  * Graphs are not unambiguous, because circles in graphs can be
1136  * walked in either direction.
1137  */
1138 
1139 /*
1140  * Field sizes for the random art.  Have to be odd, so the starting point
1141  * can be in the exact middle of the picture, and FLDBASE should be >=8 .
1142  * Else pictures would be too dense, and drawing the frame would
1143  * fail, too, because the key type would not fit in anymore.
1144  */
1145 #define	FLDBASE		8
1146 #define	FLDSIZE_Y	(FLDBASE + 1)
1147 #define	FLDSIZE_X	(FLDBASE * 2 + 1)
1148 static char *
1149 fingerprint_randomart(const char *alg, u_char *dgst_raw, size_t dgst_raw_len,
1150     const struct sshkey *k)
1151 {
1152 	/*
1153 	 * Chars to be used after each other every time the worm
1154 	 * intersects with itself.  Matter of taste.
1155 	 */
1156 	const char	*augmentation_string = " .o+=*BOX@%&#/^SE";
1157 	char	*retval, *p, title[FLDSIZE_X], hash[FLDSIZE_X];
1158 	u_char	 field[FLDSIZE_X][FLDSIZE_Y];
1159 	size_t	 i, tlen, hlen;
1160 	u_int	 b;
1161 	int	 x, y, r;
1162 	size_t	 len = strlen(augmentation_string) - 1;
1163 
1164 	if ((retval = calloc((FLDSIZE_X + 3), (FLDSIZE_Y + 2))) == NULL)
1165 		return NULL;
1166 
1167 	/* initialize field */
1168 	memset(field, 0, FLDSIZE_X * FLDSIZE_Y * sizeof(char));
1169 	x = FLDSIZE_X / 2;
1170 	y = FLDSIZE_Y / 2;
1171 
1172 	/* process raw key */
1173 	for (i = 0; i < dgst_raw_len; i++) {
1174 		int input;
1175 		/* each byte conveys four 2-bit move commands */
1176 		input = dgst_raw[i];
1177 		for (b = 0; b < 4; b++) {
1178 			/* evaluate 2 bit, rest is shifted later */
1179 			x += (input & 0x1) ? 1 : -1;
1180 			y += (input & 0x2) ? 1 : -1;
1181 
1182 			/* assure we are still in bounds */
1183 			x = MAXIMUM(x, 0);
1184 			y = MAXIMUM(y, 0);
1185 			x = MINIMUM(x, FLDSIZE_X - 1);
1186 			y = MINIMUM(y, FLDSIZE_Y - 1);
1187 
1188 			/* augment the field */
1189 			if (field[x][y] < len - 2)
1190 				field[x][y]++;
1191 			input = input >> 2;
1192 		}
1193 	}
1194 
1195 	/* mark starting point and end point*/
1196 	field[FLDSIZE_X / 2][FLDSIZE_Y / 2] = len - 1;
1197 	field[x][y] = len;
1198 
1199 	/* assemble title */
1200 	r = snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "[%s %u]",
1201 		sshkey_type(k), sshkey_size(k));
1202 	/* If [type size] won't fit, then try [type]; fits "[ED25519-CERT]" */
1203 	if (r < 0 || r > (int)sizeof(title))
1204 		r = snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "[%s]", sshkey_type(k));
1205 	tlen = (r <= 0) ? 0 : strlen(title);
1206 
1207 	/* assemble hash ID. */
1208 	r = snprintf(hash, sizeof(hash), "[%s]", alg);
1209 	hlen = (r <= 0) ? 0 : strlen(hash);
1210 
1211 	/* output upper border */
1212 	p = retval;
1213 	*p++ = '+';
1214 	for (i = 0; i < (FLDSIZE_X - tlen) / 2; i++)
1215 		*p++ = '-';
1216 	memcpy(p, title, tlen);
1217 	p += tlen;
1218 	for (i += tlen; i < FLDSIZE_X; i++)
1219 		*p++ = '-';
1220 	*p++ = '+';
1221 	*p++ = '\n';
1222 
1223 	/* output content */
1224 	for (y = 0; y < FLDSIZE_Y; y++) {
1225 		*p++ = '|';
1226 		for (x = 0; x < FLDSIZE_X; x++)
1227 			*p++ = augmentation_string[MINIMUM(field[x][y], len)];
1228 		*p++ = '|';
1229 		*p++ = '\n';
1230 	}
1231 
1232 	/* output lower border */
1233 	*p++ = '+';
1234 	for (i = 0; i < (FLDSIZE_X - hlen) / 2; i++)
1235 		*p++ = '-';
1236 	memcpy(p, hash, hlen);
1237 	p += hlen;
1238 	for (i += hlen; i < FLDSIZE_X; i++)
1239 		*p++ = '-';
1240 	*p++ = '+';
1241 
1242 	return retval;
1243 }
1244 
1245 char *
1246 sshkey_fingerprint(const struct sshkey *k, int dgst_alg,
1247     enum sshkey_fp_rep dgst_rep)
1248 {
1249 	char *retval = NULL;
1250 	u_char *dgst_raw;
1251 	size_t dgst_raw_len;
1252 
1253 	if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(k, dgst_alg, &dgst_raw, &dgst_raw_len) != 0)
1254 		return NULL;
1255 	switch (dgst_rep) {
1256 	case SSH_FP_DEFAULT:
1257 		if (dgst_alg == SSH_DIGEST_MD5) {
1258 			retval = fingerprint_hex(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1259 			    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1260 		} else {
1261 			retval = fingerprint_b64(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1262 			    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1263 		}
1264 		break;
1265 	case SSH_FP_HEX:
1266 		retval = fingerprint_hex(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1267 		    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1268 		break;
1269 	case SSH_FP_BASE64:
1270 		retval = fingerprint_b64(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1271 		    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1272 		break;
1273 	case SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE:
1274 		retval = fingerprint_bubblebabble(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1275 		break;
1276 	case SSH_FP_RANDOMART:
1277 		retval = fingerprint_randomart(ssh_digest_alg_name(dgst_alg),
1278 		    dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len, k);
1279 		break;
1280 	default:
1281 		freezero(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1282 		return NULL;
1283 	}
1284 	freezero(dgst_raw, dgst_raw_len);
1285 	return retval;
1286 }
1287 
1288 static int
1289 peek_type_nid(const char *s, size_t l, int *nid)
1290 {
1291 	const struct keytype *kt;
1292 
1293 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
1294 		if (kt->name == NULL || strlen(kt->name) != l)
1295 			continue;
1296 		if (memcmp(s, kt->name, l) == 0) {
1297 			*nid = -1;
1298 			if (key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(kt->type))
1299 				*nid = kt->nid;
1300 			return kt->type;
1301 		}
1302 	}
1303 	return KEY_UNSPEC;
1304 }
1305 
1306 /* XXX this can now be made const char * */
1307 int
1308 sshkey_read(struct sshkey *ret, char **cpp)
1309 {
1310 	struct sshkey *k;
1311 	char *cp, *blobcopy;
1312 	size_t space;
1313 	int r, type, curve_nid = -1;
1314 	struct sshbuf *blob;
1315 
1316 	if (ret == NULL)
1317 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1318 
1319 	switch (ret->type) {
1320 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
1321 	case KEY_RSA:
1322 	case KEY_DSA:
1323 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1324 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
1325 	case KEY_ED25519:
1326 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
1327 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
1328 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
1329 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
1330 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
1331 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
1332 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
1333 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1334 	case KEY_XMSS:
1335 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
1336 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1337 		break; /* ok */
1338 	default:
1339 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1340 	}
1341 
1342 	/* Decode type */
1343 	cp = *cpp;
1344 	space = strcspn(cp, " \t");
1345 	if (space == strlen(cp))
1346 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1347 	if ((type = peek_type_nid(cp, space, &curve_nid)) == KEY_UNSPEC)
1348 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1349 
1350 	/* skip whitespace */
1351 	for (cp += space; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1352 		;
1353 	if (*cp == '\0')
1354 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1355 	if (ret->type != KEY_UNSPEC && ret->type != type)
1356 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
1357 	if ((blob = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1358 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1359 
1360 	/* find end of keyblob and decode */
1361 	space = strcspn(cp, " \t");
1362 	if ((blobcopy = strndup(cp, space)) == NULL) {
1363 		sshbuf_free(blob);
1364 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1365 	}
1366 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(blob, blobcopy)) != 0) {
1367 		free(blobcopy);
1368 		sshbuf_free(blob);
1369 		return r;
1370 	}
1371 	free(blobcopy);
1372 	if ((r = sshkey_fromb(blob, &k)) != 0) {
1373 		sshbuf_free(blob);
1374 		return r;
1375 	}
1376 	sshbuf_free(blob);
1377 
1378 	/* skip whitespace and leave cp at start of comment */
1379 	for (cp += space; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1380 		;
1381 
1382 	/* ensure type of blob matches type at start of line */
1383 	if (k->type != type) {
1384 		sshkey_free(k);
1385 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
1386 	}
1387 	if (key_type_is_ecdsa_variant(type) && curve_nid != k->ecdsa_nid) {
1388 		sshkey_free(k);
1389 		return SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
1390 	}
1391 
1392 	/* Fill in ret from parsed key */
1393 	ret->type = type;
1394 	if (sshkey_is_cert(ret)) {
1395 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(k)) {
1396 			sshkey_free(k);
1397 			return SSH_ERR_EXPECTED_CERT;
1398 		}
1399 		if (ret->cert != NULL)
1400 			cert_free(ret->cert);
1401 		ret->cert = k->cert;
1402 		k->cert = NULL;
1403 	}
1404 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(ret->type)) {
1405 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1406 	case KEY_RSA:
1407 		RSA_free(ret->rsa);
1408 		ret->rsa = k->rsa;
1409 		k->rsa = NULL;
1410 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1411 		RSA_print_fp(stderr, ret->rsa, 8);
1412 #endif
1413 		break;
1414 	case KEY_DSA:
1415 		DSA_free(ret->dsa);
1416 		ret->dsa = k->dsa;
1417 		k->dsa = NULL;
1418 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1419 		DSA_print_fp(stderr, ret->dsa, 8);
1420 #endif
1421 		break;
1422 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1423 		EC_KEY_free(ret->ecdsa);
1424 		ret->ecdsa = k->ecdsa;
1425 		ret->ecdsa_nid = k->ecdsa_nid;
1426 		k->ecdsa = NULL;
1427 		k->ecdsa_nid = -1;
1428 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1429 		sshkey_dump_ec_key(ret->ecdsa);
1430 #endif
1431 		break;
1432 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
1433 		EC_KEY_free(ret->ecdsa);
1434 		ret->ecdsa = k->ecdsa;
1435 		ret->ecdsa_nid = k->ecdsa_nid;
1436 		ret->sk_application = k->sk_application;
1437 		k->ecdsa = NULL;
1438 		k->ecdsa_nid = -1;
1439 		k->sk_application = NULL;
1440 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1441 		sshkey_dump_ec_key(ret->ecdsa);
1442 		fprintf(stderr, "App: %s\n", ret->sk_application);
1443 #endif
1444 		break;
1445 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1446 	case KEY_ED25519:
1447 		freezero(ret->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
1448 		ret->ed25519_pk = k->ed25519_pk;
1449 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
1450 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1451 		/* XXX */
1452 #endif
1453 		break;
1454 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
1455 		freezero(ret->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
1456 		ret->ed25519_pk = k->ed25519_pk;
1457 		ret->sk_application = k->sk_application;
1458 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
1459 		k->sk_application = NULL;
1460 		break;
1461 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1462 	case KEY_XMSS:
1463 		free(ret->xmss_pk);
1464 		ret->xmss_pk = k->xmss_pk;
1465 		k->xmss_pk = NULL;
1466 		free(ret->xmss_state);
1467 		ret->xmss_state = k->xmss_state;
1468 		k->xmss_state = NULL;
1469 		free(ret->xmss_name);
1470 		ret->xmss_name = k->xmss_name;
1471 		k->xmss_name = NULL;
1472 		free(ret->xmss_filename);
1473 		ret->xmss_filename = k->xmss_filename;
1474 		k->xmss_filename = NULL;
1475 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1476 		/* XXX */
1477 #endif
1478 		break;
1479 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1480 	default:
1481 		sshkey_free(k);
1482 		return SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1483 	}
1484 	sshkey_free(k);
1485 
1486 	/* success */
1487 	*cpp = cp;
1488 	return 0;
1489 }
1490 
1491 int
1492 sshkey_to_base64(const struct sshkey *key, char **b64p)
1493 {
1494 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1495 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
1496 	char *uu = NULL;
1497 
1498 	if (b64p != NULL)
1499 		*b64p = NULL;
1500 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1501 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1502 	if ((r = sshkey_putb(key, b)) != 0)
1503 		goto out;
1504 	if ((uu = sshbuf_dtob64_string(b, 0)) == NULL) {
1505 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1506 		goto out;
1507 	}
1508 	/* Success */
1509 	if (b64p != NULL) {
1510 		*b64p = uu;
1511 		uu = NULL;
1512 	}
1513 	r = 0;
1514  out:
1515 	sshbuf_free(b);
1516 	free(uu);
1517 	return r;
1518 }
1519 
1520 int
1521 sshkey_format_text(const struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
1522 {
1523 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1524 	char *uu = NULL;
1525 
1526 	if ((r = sshkey_to_base64(key, &uu)) != 0)
1527 		goto out;
1528 	if ((r = sshbuf_putf(b, "%s %s",
1529 	    sshkey_ssh_name(key), uu)) != 0)
1530 		goto out;
1531 	r = 0;
1532  out:
1533 	free(uu);
1534 	return r;
1535 }
1536 
1537 int
1538 sshkey_write(const struct sshkey *key, FILE *f)
1539 {
1540 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
1541 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1542 
1543 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1544 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1545 	if ((r = sshkey_format_text(key, b)) != 0)
1546 		goto out;
1547 	if (fwrite(sshbuf_ptr(b), sshbuf_len(b), 1, f) != 1) {
1548 		if (feof(f))
1549 			errno = EPIPE;
1550 		r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
1551 		goto out;
1552 	}
1553 	/* Success */
1554 	r = 0;
1555  out:
1556 	sshbuf_free(b);
1557 	return r;
1558 }
1559 
1560 const char *
1561 sshkey_cert_type(const struct sshkey *k)
1562 {
1563 	switch (k->cert->type) {
1564 	case SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER:
1565 		return "user";
1566 	case SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST:
1567 		return "host";
1568 	default:
1569 		return "unknown";
1570 	}
1571 }
1572 
1573 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1574 static int
1575 rsa_generate_private_key(u_int bits, RSA **rsap)
1576 {
1577 	RSA *private = NULL;
1578 	BIGNUM *f4 = NULL;
1579 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1580 
1581 	if (rsap == NULL)
1582 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1583 	if (bits < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE ||
1584 	    bits > SSHBUF_MAX_BIGNUM * 8)
1585 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
1586 	*rsap = NULL;
1587 	if ((private = RSA_new()) == NULL || (f4 = BN_new()) == NULL) {
1588 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1589 		goto out;
1590 	}
1591 	if (!BN_set_word(f4, RSA_F4) ||
1592 	    !RSA_generate_key_ex(private, bits, f4, NULL)) {
1593 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1594 		goto out;
1595 	}
1596 	*rsap = private;
1597 	private = NULL;
1598 	ret = 0;
1599  out:
1600 	RSA_free(private);
1601 	BN_free(f4);
1602 	return ret;
1603 }
1604 
1605 static int
1606 dsa_generate_private_key(u_int bits, DSA **dsap)
1607 {
1608 	DSA *private;
1609 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1610 
1611 	if (dsap == NULL)
1612 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1613 	if (bits != 1024)
1614 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
1615 	if ((private = DSA_new()) == NULL) {
1616 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1617 		goto out;
1618 	}
1619 	*dsap = NULL;
1620 	if (!DSA_generate_parameters_ex(private, bits, NULL, 0, NULL,
1621 	    NULL, NULL) || !DSA_generate_key(private)) {
1622 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1623 		goto out;
1624 	}
1625 	*dsap = private;
1626 	private = NULL;
1627 	ret = 0;
1628  out:
1629 	DSA_free(private);
1630 	return ret;
1631 }
1632 
1633 int
1634 sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid(EC_KEY *k)
1635 {
1636 	EC_GROUP *eg = NULL;		/* XXXGCC: unneeded init */
1637 	int nids[] = {
1638 		NID_X9_62_prime256v1,
1639 		NID_secp384r1,
1640 		NID_secp521r1,
1641 		-1
1642 	};
1643 	int nid;
1644 	u_int i;
1645 	const EC_GROUP *g = EC_KEY_get0_group(k);
1646 
1647 	/*
1648 	 * The group may be stored in a ASN.1 encoded private key in one of two
1649 	 * ways: as a "named group", which is reconstituted by ASN.1 object ID
1650 	 * or explicit group parameters encoded into the key blob. Only the
1651 	 * "named group" case sets the group NID for us, but we can figure
1652 	 * it out for the other case by comparing against all the groups that
1653 	 * are supported.
1654 	 */
1655 	if ((nid = EC_GROUP_get_curve_name(g)) > 0)
1656 		return nid;
1657 	for (i = 0; nids[i] != -1; i++) {
1658 		if ((eg = EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name(nids[i])) == NULL)
1659 			return -1;
1660 		if (EC_GROUP_cmp(g, eg, NULL) == 0)
1661 			break;
1662 		EC_GROUP_free(eg);
1663 	}
1664 	if (nids[i] != -1) {
1665 		/* Use the group with the NID attached */
1666 		EC_GROUP_set_asn1_flag(eg, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
1667 		if (EC_KEY_set_group(k, eg) != 1) {
1668 			EC_GROUP_free(eg);
1669 			return -1;
1670 		}
1671 	}
1672 	return nids[i];
1673 }
1674 
1675 static int
1676 ecdsa_generate_private_key(u_int bits, int *nid, EC_KEY **ecdsap)
1677 {
1678 	EC_KEY *private;
1679 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1680 
1681 	if (nid == NULL || ecdsap == NULL)
1682 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1683 	if ((*nid = sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(bits)) == -1)
1684 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
1685 	*ecdsap = NULL;
1686 	if ((private = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(*nid)) == NULL) {
1687 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1688 		goto out;
1689 	}
1690 	if (EC_KEY_generate_key(private) != 1) {
1691 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1692 		goto out;
1693 	}
1694 	EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(private, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
1695 	*ecdsap = private;
1696 	private = NULL;
1697 	ret = 0;
1698  out:
1699 	EC_KEY_free(private);
1700 	return ret;
1701 }
1702 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1703 
1704 int
1705 sshkey_generate(int type, u_int bits, struct sshkey **keyp)
1706 {
1707 	struct sshkey *k;
1708 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1709 
1710 	if (keyp == NULL)
1711 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1712 	*keyp = NULL;
1713 	if ((k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
1714 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1715 	switch (type) {
1716 	case KEY_ED25519:
1717 		if ((k->ed25519_pk = malloc(ED25519_PK_SZ)) == NULL ||
1718 		    (k->ed25519_sk = malloc(ED25519_SK_SZ)) == NULL) {
1719 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1720 			break;
1721 		}
1722 		crypto_sign_ed25519_keypair(k->ed25519_pk, k->ed25519_sk);
1723 		ret = 0;
1724 		break;
1725 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1726 	case KEY_XMSS:
1727 		ret = sshkey_xmss_generate_private_key(k, bits);
1728 		break;
1729 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1730 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1731 	case KEY_DSA:
1732 		ret = dsa_generate_private_key(bits, &k->dsa);
1733 		break;
1734 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1735 		ret = ecdsa_generate_private_key(bits, &k->ecdsa_nid,
1736 		    &k->ecdsa);
1737 		break;
1738 	case KEY_RSA:
1739 		ret = rsa_generate_private_key(bits, &k->rsa);
1740 		break;
1741 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1742 	default:
1743 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1744 	}
1745 	if (ret == 0) {
1746 		k->type = type;
1747 		*keyp = k;
1748 	} else
1749 		sshkey_free(k);
1750 	return ret;
1751 }
1752 
1753 int
1754 sshkey_cert_copy(const struct sshkey *from_key, struct sshkey *to_key)
1755 {
1756 	u_int i;
1757 	const struct sshkey_cert *from;
1758 	struct sshkey_cert *to;
1759 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1760 
1761 	if (to_key == NULL || (from = from_key->cert) == NULL)
1762 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1763 
1764 	if ((to = cert_new()) == NULL)
1765 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1766 
1767 	if ((r = sshbuf_putb(to->certblob, from->certblob)) != 0 ||
1768 	    (r = sshbuf_putb(to->critical, from->critical)) != 0 ||
1769 	    (r = sshbuf_putb(to->extensions, from->extensions)) != 0)
1770 		goto out;
1771 
1772 	to->serial = from->serial;
1773 	to->type = from->type;
1774 	if (from->key_id == NULL)
1775 		to->key_id = NULL;
1776 	else if ((to->key_id = strdup(from->key_id)) == NULL) {
1777 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1778 		goto out;
1779 	}
1780 	to->valid_after = from->valid_after;
1781 	to->valid_before = from->valid_before;
1782 	if (from->signature_key == NULL)
1783 		to->signature_key = NULL;
1784 	else if ((r = sshkey_from_private(from->signature_key,
1785 	    &to->signature_key)) != 0)
1786 		goto out;
1787 	if (from->signature_type != NULL &&
1788 	    (to->signature_type = strdup(from->signature_type)) == NULL) {
1789 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1790 		goto out;
1791 	}
1792 	if (from->nprincipals > SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS) {
1793 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1794 		goto out;
1795 	}
1796 	if (from->nprincipals > 0) {
1797 		if ((to->principals = calloc(from->nprincipals,
1798 		    sizeof(*to->principals))) == NULL) {
1799 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1800 			goto out;
1801 		}
1802 		for (i = 0; i < from->nprincipals; i++) {
1803 			to->principals[i] = strdup(from->principals[i]);
1804 			if (to->principals[i] == NULL) {
1805 				to->nprincipals = i;
1806 				r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1807 				goto out;
1808 			}
1809 		}
1810 	}
1811 	to->nprincipals = from->nprincipals;
1812 
1813 	/* success */
1814 	cert_free(to_key->cert);
1815 	to_key->cert = to;
1816 	to = NULL;
1817 	r = 0;
1818  out:
1819 	cert_free(to);
1820 	return r;
1821 }
1822 
1823 int
1824 sshkey_from_private(const struct sshkey *k, struct sshkey **pkp)
1825 {
1826 	struct sshkey *n = NULL;
1827 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1828 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1829 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e;
1830 	BIGNUM *rsa_n_dup = NULL, *rsa_e_dup = NULL;
1831 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key;
1832 	BIGNUM *dsa_p_dup = NULL, *dsa_q_dup = NULL, *dsa_g_dup = NULL;
1833 	BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key_dup = NULL;
1834 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1835 
1836 	*pkp = NULL;
1837 	if ((n = sshkey_new(k->type)) == NULL) {
1838 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1839 		goto out;
1840 	}
1841 	switch (k->type) {
1842 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1843 	case KEY_DSA:
1844 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
1845 		DSA_get0_pqg(k->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
1846 		DSA_get0_key(k->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, NULL);
1847 		if ((dsa_p_dup = BN_dup(dsa_p)) == NULL ||
1848 		    (dsa_q_dup = BN_dup(dsa_q)) == NULL ||
1849 		    (dsa_g_dup = BN_dup(dsa_g)) == NULL ||
1850 		    (dsa_pub_key_dup = BN_dup(dsa_pub_key)) == NULL) {
1851 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1852 			goto out;
1853 		}
1854 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(n->dsa, dsa_p_dup, dsa_q_dup, dsa_g_dup)) {
1855 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1856 			goto out;
1857 		}
1858 		dsa_p_dup = dsa_q_dup = dsa_g_dup = NULL; /* transferred */
1859 		if (!DSA_set0_key(n->dsa, dsa_pub_key_dup, NULL)) {
1860 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1861 			goto out;
1862 		}
1863 		dsa_pub_key_dup = NULL; /* transferred */
1864 
1865 		break;
1866 	case KEY_ECDSA:
1867 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
1868 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
1869 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
1870 		n->ecdsa_nid = k->ecdsa_nid;
1871 		n->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(k->ecdsa_nid);
1872 		if (n->ecdsa == NULL) {
1873 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1874 			goto out;
1875 		}
1876 		if (EC_KEY_set_public_key(n->ecdsa,
1877 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa)) != 1) {
1878 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1879 			goto out;
1880 		}
1881 		if (k->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK && k->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT)
1882 			break;
1883 		/* Append security-key application string */
1884 		if ((n->sk_application = strdup(k->sk_application)) == NULL)
1885 			goto out;
1886 		break;
1887 	case KEY_RSA:
1888 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
1889 		RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, NULL);
1890 		if ((rsa_n_dup = BN_dup(rsa_n)) == NULL ||
1891 		    (rsa_e_dup = BN_dup(rsa_e)) == NULL) {
1892 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1893 			goto out;
1894 		}
1895 		if (!RSA_set0_key(n->rsa, rsa_n_dup, rsa_e_dup, NULL)) {
1896 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
1897 			goto out;
1898 		}
1899 		rsa_n_dup = rsa_e_dup = NULL; /* transferred */
1900 		break;
1901 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1902 	case KEY_ED25519:
1903 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
1904 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
1905 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
1906 		if (k->ed25519_pk != NULL) {
1907 			if ((n->ed25519_pk = malloc(ED25519_PK_SZ)) == NULL) {
1908 				r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1909 				goto out;
1910 			}
1911 			memcpy(n->ed25519_pk, k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ);
1912 		}
1913 		if (k->type != KEY_ED25519_SK &&
1914 		    k->type != KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT)
1915 			break;
1916 		/* Append security-key application string */
1917 		if ((n->sk_application = strdup(k->sk_application)) == NULL)
1918 			goto out;
1919 		break;
1920 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1921 	case KEY_XMSS:
1922 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
1923 		if ((r = sshkey_xmss_init(n, k->xmss_name)) != 0)
1924 			goto out;
1925 		if (k->xmss_pk != NULL) {
1926 			u_int32_t left;
1927 			size_t pklen = sshkey_xmss_pklen(k);
1928 			if (pklen == 0 || sshkey_xmss_pklen(n) != pklen) {
1929 				r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1930 				goto out;
1931 			}
1932 			if ((n->xmss_pk = malloc(pklen)) == NULL) {
1933 				r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
1934 				goto out;
1935 			}
1936 			memcpy(n->xmss_pk, k->xmss_pk, pklen);
1937 			/* simulate number of signatures left on pubkey */
1938 			left = sshkey_xmss_signatures_left(k);
1939 			if (left)
1940 				sshkey_xmss_enable_maxsign(n, left);
1941 		}
1942 		break;
1943 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1944 	default:
1945 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
1946 		goto out;
1947 	}
1948 	if (sshkey_is_cert(k) && (r = sshkey_cert_copy(k, n)) != 0)
1949 		goto out;
1950 	/* success */
1951 	*pkp = n;
1952 	n = NULL;
1953 	r = 0;
1954  out:
1955 	sshkey_free(n);
1956 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1957 	BN_clear_free(rsa_n_dup);
1958 	BN_clear_free(rsa_e_dup);
1959 	BN_clear_free(dsa_p_dup);
1960 	BN_clear_free(dsa_q_dup);
1961 	BN_clear_free(dsa_g_dup);
1962 	BN_clear_free(dsa_pub_key_dup);
1963 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1964 
1965 	return r;
1966 }
1967 
1968 int
1969 sshkey_is_shielded(struct sshkey *k)
1970 {
1971 	return k != NULL && k->shielded_private != NULL;
1972 }
1973 
1974 int
1975 sshkey_shield_private(struct sshkey *k)
1976 {
1977 	struct sshbuf *prvbuf = NULL;
1978 	u_char *prekey = NULL, *enc = NULL, keyiv[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
1979 	struct sshcipher_ctx *cctx = NULL;
1980 	const struct sshcipher *cipher;
1981 	size_t i, enclen = 0;
1982 	struct sshkey *kswap = NULL, tmp;
1983 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1984 
1985 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
1986 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: entering for %s\n", __func__, sshkey_ssh_name(k));
1987 #endif
1988 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(SSHKEY_SHIELD_CIPHER)) == NULL) {
1989 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
1990 		goto out;
1991 	}
1992 	if (cipher_keylen(cipher) + cipher_ivlen(cipher) >
1993 	    ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH)) {
1994 		r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1995 		goto out;
1996 	}
1997 
1998 	/* Prepare a random pre-key, and from it an ephemeral key */
1999 	if ((prekey = malloc(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN)) == NULL) {
2000 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2001 		goto out;
2002 	}
2003 	arc4random_buf(prekey, SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN);
2004 	if ((r = ssh_digest_memory(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH,
2005 	    prekey, SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN,
2006 	    keyiv, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) != 0)
2007 		goto out;
2008 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2009 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: key+iv\n", __func__);
2010 	sshbuf_dump_data(keyiv, ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH),
2011 	    stderr);
2012 #endif
2013 	if ((r = cipher_init(&cctx, cipher, keyiv, cipher_keylen(cipher),
2014 	    keyiv + cipher_keylen(cipher), cipher_ivlen(cipher), 1)) != 0)
2015 		goto out;
2016 
2017 	/* Serialise and encrypt the private key using the ephemeral key */
2018 	if ((prvbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
2019 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2020 		goto out;
2021 	}
2022 	if (sshkey_is_shielded(k) && (r = sshkey_unshield_private(k)) != 0)
2023 		goto out;
2024 	if ((r = sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, prvbuf,
2025 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_SHIELD)) != 0)
2026 		goto out;
2027 	/* pad to cipher blocksize */
2028 	i = 0;
2029 	while (sshbuf_len(prvbuf) % cipher_blocksize(cipher)) {
2030 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(prvbuf, ++i & 0xff)) != 0)
2031 			goto out;
2032 	}
2033 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2034 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: serialised\n", __func__);
2035 	sshbuf_dump(prvbuf, stderr);
2036 #endif
2037 	/* encrypt */
2038 	enclen = sshbuf_len(prvbuf);
2039 	if ((enc = malloc(enclen)) == NULL) {
2040 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2041 		goto out;
2042 	}
2043 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(cctx, 0, enc,
2044 	    sshbuf_ptr(prvbuf), sshbuf_len(prvbuf), 0, 0)) != 0)
2045 		goto out;
2046 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2047 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: encrypted\n", __func__);
2048 	sshbuf_dump_data(enc, enclen, stderr);
2049 #endif
2050 
2051 	/* Make a scrubbed, public-only copy of our private key argument */
2052 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(k, &kswap)) != 0)
2053 		goto out;
2054 
2055 	/* Swap the private key out (it will be destroyed below) */
2056 	tmp = *kswap;
2057 	*kswap = *k;
2058 	*k = tmp;
2059 
2060 	/* Insert the shielded key into our argument */
2061 	k->shielded_private = enc;
2062 	k->shielded_len = enclen;
2063 	k->shield_prekey = prekey;
2064 	k->shield_prekey_len = SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN;
2065 	enc = prekey = NULL; /* transferred */
2066 	enclen = 0;
2067 
2068 	/* preserve key fields that are required for correct operation */
2069 	k->sk_flags = kswap->sk_flags;
2070 
2071 	/* success */
2072 	r = 0;
2073 
2074  out:
2075 	/* XXX behaviour on error - invalidate original private key? */
2076 	cipher_free(cctx);
2077 	explicit_bzero(keyiv, sizeof(keyiv));
2078 	explicit_bzero(&tmp, sizeof(tmp));
2079 	freezero(enc, enclen);
2080 	freezero(prekey, SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_LEN);
2081 	sshkey_free(kswap);
2082 	sshbuf_free(prvbuf);
2083 	return r;
2084 }
2085 
2086 /* Check deterministic padding after private key */
2087 static int
2088 private2_check_padding(struct sshbuf *decrypted)
2089 {
2090 	u_char pad;
2091 	size_t i;
2092 	int r;
2093 
2094 	i = 0;
2095 	while (sshbuf_len(decrypted)) {
2096 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(decrypted, &pad)) != 0)
2097 			goto out;
2098 		if (pad != (++i & 0xff)) {
2099 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2100 			goto out;
2101 		}
2102 	}
2103 	/* success */
2104 	r = 0;
2105  out:
2106 	explicit_bzero(&pad, sizeof(pad));
2107 	explicit_bzero(&i, sizeof(i));
2108 	return r;
2109 }
2110 
2111 int
2112 sshkey_unshield_private(struct sshkey *k)
2113 {
2114 	struct sshbuf *prvbuf = NULL;
2115 	u_char *cp, keyiv[SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH];
2116 	struct sshcipher_ctx *cctx = NULL;
2117 	const struct sshcipher *cipher;
2118 	struct sshkey *kswap = NULL, tmp;
2119 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2120 
2121 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2122 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: entering for %s\n", __func__, sshkey_ssh_name(k));
2123 #endif
2124 	if (!sshkey_is_shielded(k))
2125 		return 0; /* nothing to do */
2126 
2127 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(SSHKEY_SHIELD_CIPHER)) == NULL) {
2128 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2129 		goto out;
2130 	}
2131 	if (cipher_keylen(cipher) + cipher_ivlen(cipher) >
2132 	    ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH)) {
2133 		r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2134 		goto out;
2135 	}
2136 	/* check size of shielded key blob */
2137 	if (k->shielded_len < cipher_blocksize(cipher) ||
2138 	    (k->shielded_len % cipher_blocksize(cipher)) != 0) {
2139 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2140 		goto out;
2141 	}
2142 
2143 	/* Calculate the ephemeral key from the prekey */
2144 	if ((r = ssh_digest_memory(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH,
2145 	    k->shield_prekey, k->shield_prekey_len,
2146 	    keyiv, SSH_DIGEST_MAX_LENGTH)) != 0)
2147 		goto out;
2148 	if ((r = cipher_init(&cctx, cipher, keyiv, cipher_keylen(cipher),
2149 	    keyiv + cipher_keylen(cipher), cipher_ivlen(cipher), 0)) != 0)
2150 		goto out;
2151 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2152 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: key+iv\n", __func__);
2153 	sshbuf_dump_data(keyiv, ssh_digest_bytes(SSHKEY_SHIELD_PREKEY_HASH),
2154 	    stderr);
2155 #endif
2156 
2157 	/* Decrypt and parse the shielded private key using the ephemeral key */
2158 	if ((prvbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
2159 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2160 		goto out;
2161 	}
2162 	if ((r = sshbuf_reserve(prvbuf, k->shielded_len, &cp)) != 0)
2163 		goto out;
2164 	/* decrypt */
2165 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2166 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: encrypted\n", __func__);
2167 	sshbuf_dump_data(k->shielded_private, k->shielded_len, stderr);
2168 #endif
2169 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(cctx, 0, cp,
2170 	    k->shielded_private, k->shielded_len, 0, 0)) != 0)
2171 		goto out;
2172 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2173 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: serialised\n", __func__);
2174 	sshbuf_dump(prvbuf, stderr);
2175 #endif
2176 	/* Parse private key */
2177 	if ((r = sshkey_private_deserialize(prvbuf, &kswap)) != 0)
2178 		goto out;
2179 
2180 	if ((r = private2_check_padding(prvbuf)) != 0)
2181 		goto out;
2182 
2183 	/* Swap the parsed key back into place */
2184 	tmp = *kswap;
2185 	*kswap = *k;
2186 	*k = tmp;
2187 
2188 	/* success */
2189 	r = 0;
2190 
2191  out:
2192 	cipher_free(cctx);
2193 	explicit_bzero(keyiv, sizeof(keyiv));
2194 	explicit_bzero(&tmp, sizeof(tmp));
2195 	sshkey_free(kswap);
2196 	sshbuf_free(prvbuf);
2197 	return r;
2198 }
2199 
2200 static int
2201 cert_parse(struct sshbuf *b, struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *certbuf)
2202 {
2203 	struct sshbuf *principals = NULL, *crit = NULL;
2204 	struct sshbuf *exts = NULL, *ca = NULL;
2205 	u_char *sig = NULL;
2206 	size_t signed_len = 0, slen = 0, kidlen = 0;
2207 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2208 
2209 	/* Copy the entire key blob for verification and later serialisation */
2210 	if ((ret = sshbuf_putb(key->cert->certblob, certbuf)) != 0)
2211 		return ret;
2212 
2213 	/* Parse body of certificate up to signature */
2214 	if ((ret = sshbuf_get_u64(b, &key->cert->serial)) != 0 ||
2215 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &key->cert->type)) != 0 ||
2216 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &key->cert->key_id, &kidlen)) != 0 ||
2217 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &principals)) != 0 ||
2218 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_u64(b, &key->cert->valid_after)) != 0 ||
2219 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_u64(b, &key->cert->valid_before)) != 0 ||
2220 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &crit)) != 0 ||
2221 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &exts)) != 0 ||
2222 	    (ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL)) != 0 ||
2223 	    (ret = sshbuf_froms(b, &ca)) != 0) {
2224 		/* XXX debug print error for ret */
2225 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2226 		goto out;
2227 	}
2228 
2229 	/* Signature is left in the buffer so we can calculate this length */
2230 	signed_len = sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) - sshbuf_len(b);
2231 
2232 	if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string(b, &sig, &slen)) != 0) {
2233 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2234 		goto out;
2235 	}
2236 
2237 	if (key->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER &&
2238 	    key->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST) {
2239 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
2240 		goto out;
2241 	}
2242 
2243 	/* Parse principals section */
2244 	while (sshbuf_len(principals) > 0) {
2245 		char *principal = NULL;
2246 		char **oprincipals = NULL;
2247 
2248 		if (key->cert->nprincipals >= SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS) {
2249 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2250 			goto out;
2251 		}
2252 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_cstring(principals, &principal,
2253 		    NULL)) != 0) {
2254 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2255 			goto out;
2256 		}
2257 		oprincipals = key->cert->principals;
2258 		key->cert->principals = recallocarray(key->cert->principals,
2259 		    key->cert->nprincipals, key->cert->nprincipals + 1,
2260 		    sizeof(*key->cert->principals));
2261 		if (key->cert->principals == NULL) {
2262 			free(principal);
2263 			key->cert->principals = oprincipals;
2264 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2265 			goto out;
2266 		}
2267 		key->cert->principals[key->cert->nprincipals++] = principal;
2268 	}
2269 
2270 	/*
2271 	 * Stash a copies of the critical options and extensions sections
2272 	 * for later use.
2273 	 */
2274 	if ((ret = sshbuf_putb(key->cert->critical, crit)) != 0 ||
2275 	    (exts != NULL &&
2276 	    (ret = sshbuf_putb(key->cert->extensions, exts)) != 0))
2277 		goto out;
2278 
2279 	/*
2280 	 * Validate critical options and extensions sections format.
2281 	 */
2282 	while (sshbuf_len(crit) != 0) {
2283 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(crit, NULL, NULL)) != 0 ||
2284 		    (ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(crit, NULL, NULL)) != 0) {
2285 			sshbuf_reset(key->cert->critical);
2286 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2287 			goto out;
2288 		}
2289 	}
2290 	while (exts != NULL && sshbuf_len(exts) != 0) {
2291 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(exts, NULL, NULL)) != 0 ||
2292 		    (ret = sshbuf_get_string_direct(exts, NULL, NULL)) != 0) {
2293 			sshbuf_reset(key->cert->extensions);
2294 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2295 			goto out;
2296 		}
2297 	}
2298 
2299 	/* Parse CA key and check signature */
2300 	if (sshkey_from_blob_internal(ca, &key->cert->signature_key, 0) != 0) {
2301 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2302 		goto out;
2303 	}
2304 	if (!sshkey_type_is_valid_ca(key->cert->signature_key->type)) {
2305 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2306 		goto out;
2307 	}
2308 	if ((ret = sshkey_verify(key->cert->signature_key, sig, slen,
2309 	    sshbuf_ptr(key->cert->certblob), signed_len, NULL, 0, NULL)) != 0)
2310 		goto out;
2311 	if ((ret = sshkey_get_sigtype(sig, slen,
2312 	    &key->cert->signature_type)) != 0)
2313 		goto out;
2314 
2315 	/* Success */
2316 	ret = 0;
2317  out:
2318 	sshbuf_free(ca);
2319 	sshbuf_free(crit);
2320 	sshbuf_free(exts);
2321 	sshbuf_free(principals);
2322 	free(sig);
2323 	return ret;
2324 }
2325 
2326 int
2327 sshkey_check_rsa_length(const struct sshkey *k, int min_size)
2328 {
2329 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2330 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n;
2331 	int nbits;
2332 
2333 	if (k == NULL || k->rsa == NULL ||
2334 	    (k->type != KEY_RSA && k->type != KEY_RSA_CERT))
2335 		return 0;
2336 	RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, NULL, NULL);
2337 	nbits = BN_num_bits(rsa_n);
2338 	if (nbits < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE ||
2339 	    (min_size > 0 && nbits < min_size))
2340 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_LENGTH;
2341 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2342 	return 0;
2343 }
2344 
2345 static int
2346 sshkey_from_blob_internal(struct sshbuf *b, struct sshkey **keyp,
2347     int allow_cert)
2348 {
2349 	int type, ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2350 	char *ktype = NULL, *curve = NULL, *xmss_name = NULL;
2351 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2352 	size_t len;
2353 	u_char *pk = NULL;
2354 	struct sshbuf *copy;
2355 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2356 	EC_POINT *q = NULL, *qq = NULL;
2357 	BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL;
2358 	BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL, *dsa_pub_key = NULL;
2359 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2360 
2361 #ifdef DEBUG_PK /* XXX */
2362 	sshbuf_dump(b, stderr);
2363 #endif
2364 	if (keyp != NULL)
2365 		*keyp = NULL;
2366 	if ((copy = sshbuf_fromb(b)) == NULL) {
2367 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2368 		goto out;
2369 	}
2370 	if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &ktype, NULL) != 0) {
2371 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2372 		goto out;
2373 	}
2374 
2375 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(ktype);
2376 	if (!allow_cert && sshkey_type_is_cert(type)) {
2377 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2378 		goto out;
2379 	}
2380 	switch (type) {
2381 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2382 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2383 		/* Skip nonce */
2384 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2385 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2386 			goto out;
2387 		}
2388 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2389 	case KEY_RSA:
2390 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2391 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2392 			goto out;
2393 		}
2394 		if (sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &rsa_e) != 0 ||
2395 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &rsa_n) != 0) {
2396 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2397 			goto out;
2398 		}
2399 		if (!RSA_set0_key(key->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, NULL)) {
2400 			ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
2401 			goto out;
2402 		}
2403 		rsa_n = rsa_e = NULL; /* transferred */
2404 		if ((ret = sshkey_check_rsa_length(key, 0)) != 0)
2405 			goto out;
2406 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2407 		RSA_print_fp(stderr, key->rsa, 8);
2408 #endif
2409 		break;
2410 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2411 		/* Skip nonce */
2412 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2413 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2414 			goto out;
2415 		}
2416 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2417 	case KEY_DSA:
2418 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2419 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2420 			goto out;
2421 		}
2422 		if (sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_p) != 0 ||
2423 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_q) != 0 ||
2424 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_g) != 0 ||
2425 		    sshbuf_get_bignum2(b, &dsa_pub_key) != 0) {
2426 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2427 			goto out;
2428 		}
2429 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(key->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g)) {
2430 			ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
2431 			goto out;
2432 		}
2433 		dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */
2434 		if (!DSA_set0_key(key->dsa, dsa_pub_key, NULL)) {
2435 			ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
2436 			goto out;
2437 		}
2438 		dsa_pub_key = NULL; /* transferred */
2439 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2440 		DSA_print_fp(stderr, key->dsa, 8);
2441 #endif
2442 		break;
2443 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2444 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2445 		/* Skip nonce */
2446 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2447 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2448 			goto out;
2449 		}
2450 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2451 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2452 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2453 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2454 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2455 			goto out;
2456 		}
2457 		key->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(ktype);
2458 		if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &curve, NULL) != 0) {
2459 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2460 			goto out;
2461 		}
2462 		if (key->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(curve)) {
2463 			ret = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
2464 			goto out;
2465 		}
2466 		EC_KEY_free(key->ecdsa);
2467 		if ((key->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(key->ecdsa_nid))
2468 		    == NULL) {
2469 			ret = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_INVALID;
2470 			goto out;
2471 		}
2472 		if ((qq = EC_POINT_new(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa))) == NULL) {
2473 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2474 			goto out;
2475 		}
2476 		if (sshbuf_get_ec(b, qq, EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa)) != 0) {
2477 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2478 			goto out;
2479 		}
2480 		if (sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa),
2481 		    qq) != 0) {
2482 			ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_INVALID_EC_VALUE;
2483 			goto out;
2484 		}
2485 		if (EC_KEY_set_public_key(key->ecdsa, qq) != 1) {
2486 			/* XXX assume it is a allocation error */
2487 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2488 			goto out;
2489 		}
2490 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2491 		sshkey_dump_ec_point(EC_KEY_get0_group(key->ecdsa), qq);
2492 #endif
2493 		if (type == KEY_ECDSA_SK || type == KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT) {
2494 			/* Parse additional security-key application string */
2495 			if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &key->sk_application,
2496 			    NULL) != 0) {
2497 				ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2498 				goto out;
2499 			}
2500 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2501 			fprintf(stderr, "App: %s\n", key->sk_application);
2502 #endif
2503 		}
2504 		break;
2505 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2506 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2507 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2508 		/* Skip nonce */
2509 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2510 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2511 			goto out;
2512 		}
2513 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2514 	case KEY_ED25519:
2515 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2516 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string(b, &pk, &len)) != 0)
2517 			goto out;
2518 		if (len != ED25519_PK_SZ) {
2519 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2520 			goto out;
2521 		}
2522 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2523 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2524 			goto out;
2525 		}
2526 		if (type == KEY_ED25519_SK || type == KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT) {
2527 			/* Parse additional security-key application string */
2528 			if (sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &key->sk_application,
2529 			    NULL) != 0) {
2530 				ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2531 				goto out;
2532 			}
2533 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
2534 			fprintf(stderr, "App: %s\n", key->sk_application);
2535 #endif
2536 		}
2537 		key->ed25519_pk = pk;
2538 		pk = NULL;
2539 		break;
2540 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2541 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2542 		/* Skip nonce */
2543 		if (sshbuf_get_string_direct(b, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
2544 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2545 			goto out;
2546 		}
2547 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
2548 	case KEY_XMSS:
2549 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &xmss_name, NULL)) != 0)
2550 			goto out;
2551 		if ((key = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
2552 			ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2553 			goto out;
2554 		}
2555 		if ((ret = sshkey_xmss_init(key, xmss_name)) != 0)
2556 			goto out;
2557 		if ((ret = sshbuf_get_string(b, &pk, &len)) != 0)
2558 			goto out;
2559 		if (len == 0 || len != sshkey_xmss_pklen(key)) {
2560 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2561 			goto out;
2562 		}
2563 		key->xmss_pk = pk;
2564 		pk = NULL;
2565 		if (type != KEY_XMSS_CERT &&
2566 		    (ret = sshkey_xmss_deserialize_pk_info(key, b)) != 0)
2567 			goto out;
2568 		break;
2569 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2570 	case KEY_UNSPEC:
2571 	default:
2572 		ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2573 		goto out;
2574 	}
2575 
2576 	/* Parse certificate potion */
2577 	if (sshkey_is_cert(key) && (ret = cert_parse(b, key, copy)) != 0)
2578 		goto out;
2579 
2580 	if (key != NULL && sshbuf_len(b) != 0) {
2581 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2582 		goto out;
2583 	}
2584 	ret = 0;
2585 	if (keyp != NULL) {
2586 		*keyp = key;
2587 		key = NULL;
2588 	}
2589  out:
2590 	sshbuf_free(copy);
2591 	sshkey_free(key);
2592 	free(xmss_name);
2593 	free(ktype);
2594 	free(curve);
2595 	free(pk);
2596 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2597 	EC_POINT_free(q);
2598 	BN_clear_free(rsa_n);
2599 	BN_clear_free(rsa_e);
2600 	BN_clear_free(dsa_p);
2601 	BN_clear_free(dsa_q);
2602 	BN_clear_free(dsa_g);
2603 	BN_clear_free(dsa_pub_key);
2604 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2605 	return ret;
2606 }
2607 
2608 int
2609 sshkey_from_blob(const u_char *blob, size_t blen, struct sshkey **keyp)
2610 {
2611 	struct sshbuf *b;
2612 	int r;
2613 
2614 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
2615 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2616 	r = sshkey_from_blob_internal(b, keyp, 1);
2617 	sshbuf_free(b);
2618 	return r;
2619 }
2620 
2621 int
2622 sshkey_fromb(struct sshbuf *b, struct sshkey **keyp)
2623 {
2624 	return sshkey_from_blob_internal(b, keyp, 1);
2625 }
2626 
2627 int
2628 sshkey_froms(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshkey **keyp)
2629 {
2630 	struct sshbuf *b;
2631 	int r;
2632 
2633 	if ((r = sshbuf_froms(buf, &b)) != 0)
2634 		return r;
2635 	r = sshkey_from_blob_internal(b, keyp, 1);
2636 	sshbuf_free(b);
2637 	return r;
2638 }
2639 
2640 int
2641 sshkey_get_sigtype(const u_char *sig, size_t siglen, char **sigtypep)
2642 {
2643 	int r;
2644 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
2645 	char *sigtype = NULL;
2646 
2647 	if (sigtypep != NULL)
2648 		*sigtypep = NULL;
2649 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(sig, siglen)) == NULL)
2650 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2651 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &sigtype, NULL)) != 0)
2652 		goto out;
2653 	/* success */
2654 	if (sigtypep != NULL) {
2655 		*sigtypep = sigtype;
2656 		sigtype = NULL;
2657 	}
2658 	r = 0;
2659  out:
2660 	free(sigtype);
2661 	sshbuf_free(b);
2662 	return r;
2663 }
2664 
2665 /*
2666  *
2667  * Checks whether a certificate's signature type is allowed.
2668  * Returns 0 (success) if the certificate signature type appears in the
2669  * "allowed" pattern-list, or the key is not a certificate to begin with.
2670  * Otherwise returns a ssherr.h code.
2671  */
2672 int
2673 sshkey_check_cert_sigtype(const struct sshkey *key, const char *allowed)
2674 {
2675 	if (key == NULL || allowed == NULL)
2676 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2677 	if (!sshkey_type_is_cert(key->type))
2678 		return 0;
2679 	if (key->cert == NULL || key->cert->signature_type == NULL)
2680 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2681 	if (match_pattern_list(key->cert->signature_type, allowed, 0) != 1)
2682 		return SSH_ERR_SIGN_ALG_UNSUPPORTED;
2683 	return 0;
2684 }
2685 
2686 /*
2687  * Returns the expected signature algorithm for a given public key algorithm.
2688  */
2689 const char *
2690 sshkey_sigalg_by_name(const char *name)
2691 {
2692 	const struct keytype *kt;
2693 
2694 	for (kt = keytypes; kt->type != -1; kt++) {
2695 		if (strcmp(kt->name, name) != 0)
2696 			continue;
2697 		if (kt->sigalg != NULL)
2698 			return kt->sigalg;
2699 		if (!kt->cert)
2700 			return kt->name;
2701 		return sshkey_ssh_name_from_type_nid(
2702 		    sshkey_type_plain(kt->type), kt->nid);
2703 	}
2704 	return NULL;
2705 }
2706 
2707 /*
2708  * Verifies that the signature algorithm appearing inside the signature blob
2709  * matches that which was requested.
2710  */
2711 int
2712 sshkey_check_sigtype(const u_char *sig, size_t siglen,
2713     const char *requested_alg)
2714 {
2715 	const char *expected_alg;
2716 	char *sigtype = NULL;
2717 	int r;
2718 
2719 	if (requested_alg == NULL)
2720 		return 0;
2721 	if ((expected_alg = sshkey_sigalg_by_name(requested_alg)) == NULL)
2722 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2723 	if ((r = sshkey_get_sigtype(sig, siglen, &sigtype)) != 0)
2724 		return r;
2725 	r = strcmp(expected_alg, sigtype) == 0;
2726 	free(sigtype);
2727 	return r ? 0 : SSH_ERR_SIGN_ALG_UNSUPPORTED;
2728 }
2729 
2730 int
2731 sshkey_sign(struct sshkey *key,
2732     u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
2733     const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
2734     const char *alg, const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin, u_int compat)
2735 {
2736 	int was_shielded = sshkey_is_shielded(key);
2737 	int r2, r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2738 
2739 	if (sigp != NULL)
2740 		*sigp = NULL;
2741 	if (lenp != NULL)
2742 		*lenp = 0;
2743 	if (datalen > SSH_KEY_MAX_SIGN_DATA_SIZE)
2744 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2745 	if ((r = sshkey_unshield_private(key)) != 0)
2746 		return r;
2747 	switch (key->type) {
2748 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2749 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2750 	case KEY_DSA:
2751 		r = ssh_dss_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2752 		break;
2753 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2754 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2755 		r = ssh_ecdsa_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2756 		break;
2757 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2758 	case KEY_RSA:
2759 		r = ssh_rsa_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, alg);
2760 		break;
2761 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2762 	case KEY_ED25519:
2763 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2764 		r = ssh_ed25519_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2765 		break;
2766 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2767 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2768 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2769 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2770 		r = sshsk_sign(sk_provider, key, sigp, lenp, data,
2771 		    datalen, compat, sk_pin);
2772 		break;
2773 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2774 	case KEY_XMSS:
2775 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2776 		r = ssh_xmss_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, compat);
2777 		break;
2778 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2779 	default:
2780 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2781 		break;
2782 	}
2783 	if (was_shielded && (r2 = sshkey_shield_private(key)) != 0)
2784 		return r2;
2785 	return r;
2786 }
2787 
2788 /*
2789  * ssh_key_verify returns 0 for a correct signature  and < 0 on error.
2790  * If "alg" specified, then the signature must use that algorithm.
2791  */
2792 int
2793 sshkey_verify(const struct sshkey *key,
2794     const u_char *sig, size_t siglen,
2795     const u_char *data, size_t dlen, const char *alg, u_int compat,
2796     struct sshkey_sig_details **detailsp)
2797 {
2798 	if (detailsp != NULL)
2799 		*detailsp = NULL;
2800 	if (siglen == 0 || dlen > SSH_KEY_MAX_SIGN_DATA_SIZE)
2801 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2802 	switch (key->type) {
2803 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2804 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2805 	case KEY_DSA:
2806 		return ssh_dss_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2807 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2808 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2809 		return ssh_ecdsa_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2810 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2811 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2812 		return ssh_ecdsa_sk_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen,
2813 		    compat, detailsp);
2814 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2815 	case KEY_RSA:
2816 		return ssh_rsa_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, alg);
2817 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2818 	case KEY_ED25519:
2819 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2820 		return ssh_ed25519_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2821 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2822 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2823 		return ssh_ed25519_sk_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen,
2824 		    compat, detailsp);
2825 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2826 	case KEY_XMSS:
2827 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2828 		return ssh_xmss_verify(key, sig, siglen, data, dlen, compat);
2829 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2830 	default:
2831 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2832 	}
2833 }
2834 
2835 /* Convert a plain key to their _CERT equivalent */
2836 int
2837 sshkey_to_certified(struct sshkey *k)
2838 {
2839 	int newtype;
2840 
2841 	switch (k->type) {
2842 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2843 	case KEY_RSA:
2844 		newtype = KEY_RSA_CERT;
2845 		break;
2846 	case KEY_DSA:
2847 		newtype = KEY_DSA_CERT;
2848 		break;
2849 	case KEY_ECDSA:
2850 		newtype = KEY_ECDSA_CERT;
2851 		break;
2852 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
2853 		newtype = KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT;
2854 		break;
2855 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2856 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
2857 		newtype = KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT;
2858 		break;
2859 	case KEY_ED25519:
2860 		newtype = KEY_ED25519_CERT;
2861 		break;
2862 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2863 	case KEY_XMSS:
2864 		newtype = KEY_XMSS_CERT;
2865 		break;
2866 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2867 	default:
2868 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2869 	}
2870 	if ((k->cert = cert_new()) == NULL)
2871 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2872 	k->type = newtype;
2873 	return 0;
2874 }
2875 
2876 /* Convert a certificate to its raw key equivalent */
2877 int
2878 sshkey_drop_cert(struct sshkey *k)
2879 {
2880 	if (!sshkey_type_is_cert(k->type))
2881 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2882 	cert_free(k->cert);
2883 	k->cert = NULL;
2884 	k->type = sshkey_type_plain(k->type);
2885 	return 0;
2886 }
2887 
2888 /* Sign a certified key, (re-)generating the signed certblob. */
2889 int
2890 sshkey_certify_custom(struct sshkey *k, struct sshkey *ca, const char *alg,
2891     const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin,
2892     sshkey_certify_signer *signer, void *signer_ctx)
2893 {
2894 	struct sshbuf *principals = NULL;
2895 	u_char *ca_blob = NULL, *sig_blob = NULL, nonce[32];
2896 	size_t i, ca_len, sig_len;
2897 	int ret = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
2898 	struct sshbuf *cert = NULL;
2899 	char *sigtype = NULL;
2900 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2901 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e, *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key;
2902 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2903 
2904 	if (k == NULL || k->cert == NULL ||
2905 	    k->cert->certblob == NULL || ca == NULL)
2906 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2907 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(k))
2908 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
2909 	if (!sshkey_type_is_valid_ca(ca->type))
2910 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2911 
2912 	/*
2913 	 * If no alg specified as argument but a signature_type was set,
2914 	 * then prefer that. If both were specified, then they must match.
2915 	 */
2916 	if (alg == NULL)
2917 		alg = k->cert->signature_type;
2918 	else if (k->cert->signature_type != NULL &&
2919 	    strcmp(alg, k->cert->signature_type) != 0)
2920 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2921 
2922 	/*
2923 	 * If no signing algorithm or signature_type was specified and we're
2924 	 * using a RSA key, then default to a good signature algorithm.
2925 	 */
2926 	if (alg == NULL && ca->type == KEY_RSA)
2927 		alg = "rsa-sha2-512";
2928 
2929 	if ((ret = sshkey_to_blob(ca, &ca_blob, &ca_len)) != 0)
2930 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID_SIGN_KEY;
2931 
2932 	cert = k->cert->certblob; /* for readability */
2933 	sshbuf_reset(cert);
2934 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert, sshkey_ssh_name(k))) != 0)
2935 		goto out;
2936 
2937 	/* -v01 certs put nonce first */
2938 	arc4random_buf(&nonce, sizeof(nonce));
2939 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, nonce, sizeof(nonce))) != 0)
2940 		goto out;
2941 
2942 	/* XXX this substantially duplicates to_blob(); refactor */
2943 	switch (k->type) {
2944 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2945 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
2946 		DSA_get0_pqg(k->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
2947 		DSA_get0_key(k->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, NULL);
2948 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_p)) != 0 ||
2949 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_q)) != 0 ||
2950 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_g)) != 0 ||
2951 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, dsa_pub_key)) != 0)
2952 			goto out;
2953 		break;
2954 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
2955 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
2956 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert,
2957 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(k->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
2958 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_ec(cert,
2959 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa),
2960 		    EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa))) != 0)
2961 			goto out;
2962 		if (k->type == KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT) {
2963 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert,
2964 			    k->sk_application)) != 0)
2965 				goto out;
2966 		}
2967 		break;
2968 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
2969 		RSA_get0_key(k->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, NULL);
2970 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, rsa_e)) != 0 ||
2971 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_bignum2(cert, rsa_n)) != 0)
2972 			goto out;
2973 		break;
2974 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2975 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
2976 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
2977 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert,
2978 		    k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0)
2979 			goto out;
2980 		if (k->type == KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT) {
2981 			if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert,
2982 			    k->sk_application)) != 0)
2983 				goto out;
2984 		}
2985 		break;
2986 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
2987 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
2988 		if (k->xmss_name == NULL) {
2989 			ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
2990 			goto out;
2991 		}
2992 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert, k->xmss_name)) ||
2993 		    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert,
2994 		    k->xmss_pk, sshkey_xmss_pklen(k))) != 0)
2995 			goto out;
2996 		break;
2997 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
2998 	default:
2999 		ret = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3000 		goto out;
3001 	}
3002 
3003 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_u64(cert, k->cert->serial)) != 0 ||
3004 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_u32(cert, k->cert->type)) != 0 ||
3005 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(cert, k->cert->key_id)) != 0)
3006 		goto out;
3007 
3008 	if ((principals = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3009 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3010 		goto out;
3011 	}
3012 	for (i = 0; i < k->cert->nprincipals; i++) {
3013 		if ((ret = sshbuf_put_cstring(principals,
3014 		    k->cert->principals[i])) != 0)
3015 			goto out;
3016 	}
3017 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_stringb(cert, principals)) != 0 ||
3018 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_u64(cert, k->cert->valid_after)) != 0 ||
3019 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_u64(cert, k->cert->valid_before)) != 0 ||
3020 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_stringb(cert, k->cert->critical)) != 0 ||
3021 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_stringb(cert, k->cert->extensions)) != 0 ||
3022 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, NULL, 0)) != 0 || /* Reserved */
3023 	    (ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, ca_blob, ca_len)) != 0)
3024 		goto out;
3025 
3026 	/* Sign the whole mess */
3027 	if ((ret = signer(ca, &sig_blob, &sig_len, sshbuf_ptr(cert),
3028 	    sshbuf_len(cert), alg, sk_provider, sk_pin, 0, signer_ctx)) != 0)
3029 		goto out;
3030 	/* Check and update signature_type against what was actually used */
3031 	if ((ret = sshkey_get_sigtype(sig_blob, sig_len, &sigtype)) != 0)
3032 		goto out;
3033 	if (alg != NULL && strcmp(alg, sigtype) != 0) {
3034 		ret = SSH_ERR_SIGN_ALG_UNSUPPORTED;
3035 		goto out;
3036 	}
3037 	if (k->cert->signature_type == NULL) {
3038 		k->cert->signature_type = sigtype;
3039 		sigtype = NULL;
3040 	}
3041 	/* Append signature and we are done */
3042 	if ((ret = sshbuf_put_string(cert, sig_blob, sig_len)) != 0)
3043 		goto out;
3044 	ret = 0;
3045  out:
3046 	if (ret != 0)
3047 		sshbuf_reset(cert);
3048 	free(sig_blob);
3049 	free(ca_blob);
3050 	free(sigtype);
3051 	sshbuf_free(principals);
3052 	return ret;
3053 }
3054 
3055 static int
3056 default_key_sign(struct sshkey *key, u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
3057     const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
3058     const char *alg, const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin,
3059     u_int compat, void *ctx)
3060 {
3061 	if (ctx != NULL)
3062 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3063 	return sshkey_sign(key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, alg,
3064 	    sk_provider, sk_pin, compat);
3065 }
3066 
3067 int
3068 sshkey_certify(struct sshkey *k, struct sshkey *ca, const char *alg,
3069     const char *sk_provider, const char *sk_pin)
3070 {
3071 	return sshkey_certify_custom(k, ca, alg, sk_provider, sk_pin,
3072 	    default_key_sign, NULL);
3073 }
3074 
3075 int
3076 sshkey_cert_check_authority(const struct sshkey *k,
3077     int want_host, int require_principal, int wildcard_pattern,
3078     uint64_t verify_time, const char *name, const char **reason)
3079 {
3080 	u_int i, principal_matches;
3081 
3082 	if (reason == NULL)
3083 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3084 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(k)) {
3085 		*reason = "Key is not a certificate";
3086 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3087 	}
3088 	if (want_host) {
3089 		if (k->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST) {
3090 			*reason = "Certificate invalid: not a host certificate";
3091 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3092 		}
3093 	} else {
3094 		if (k->cert->type != SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER) {
3095 			*reason = "Certificate invalid: not a user certificate";
3096 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3097 		}
3098 	}
3099 	if (verify_time < k->cert->valid_after) {
3100 		*reason = "Certificate invalid: not yet valid";
3101 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3102 	}
3103 	if (verify_time >= k->cert->valid_before) {
3104 		*reason = "Certificate invalid: expired";
3105 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3106 	}
3107 	if (k->cert->nprincipals == 0) {
3108 		if (require_principal) {
3109 			*reason = "Certificate lacks principal list";
3110 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3111 		}
3112 	} else if (name != NULL) {
3113 		principal_matches = 0;
3114 		for (i = 0; i < k->cert->nprincipals; i++) {
3115 			if (wildcard_pattern) {
3116 				if (match_pattern(k->cert->principals[i],
3117 				    name)) {
3118 					principal_matches = 1;
3119 					break;
3120 				}
3121 			} else if (strcmp(name, k->cert->principals[i]) == 0) {
3122 				principal_matches = 1;
3123 				break;
3124 			}
3125 		}
3126 		if (!principal_matches) {
3127 			*reason = "Certificate invalid: name is not a listed "
3128 			    "principal";
3129 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3130 		}
3131 	}
3132 	return 0;
3133 }
3134 
3135 int
3136 sshkey_cert_check_authority_now(const struct sshkey *k,
3137     int want_host, int require_principal, int wildcard_pattern,
3138     const char *name, const char **reason)
3139 {
3140 	time_t now;
3141 
3142 	if ((now = time(NULL)) < 0) {
3143 		/* yikes - system clock before epoch! */
3144 		*reason = "Certificate invalid: not yet valid";
3145 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3146 	}
3147 	return sshkey_cert_check_authority(k, want_host, require_principal,
3148 	    wildcard_pattern, (uint64_t)now, name, reason);
3149 }
3150 
3151 int
3152 sshkey_cert_check_host(const struct sshkey *key, const char *host,
3153     int wildcard_principals, const char *ca_sign_algorithms,
3154     const char **reason)
3155 {
3156 	int r;
3157 
3158 	if ((r = sshkey_cert_check_authority_now(key, 1, 0, wildcard_principals,
3159 	    host, reason)) != 0)
3160 		return r;
3161 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) != 0) {
3162 		*reason = "Certificate contains unsupported critical options";
3163 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3164 	}
3165 	if (ca_sign_algorithms != NULL &&
3166 	    (r = sshkey_check_cert_sigtype(key, ca_sign_algorithms)) != 0) {
3167 		*reason = "Certificate signed with disallowed algorithm";
3168 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_INVALID;
3169 	}
3170 	return 0;
3171 }
3172 
3173 size_t
3174 sshkey_format_cert_validity(const struct sshkey_cert *cert, char *s, size_t l)
3175 {
3176 	char from[32], to[32], ret[128];
3177 
3178 	*from = *to = '\0';
3179 	if (cert->valid_after == 0 &&
3180 	    cert->valid_before == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
3181 		return strlcpy(s, "forever", l);
3182 
3183 	if (cert->valid_after != 0)
3184 		format_absolute_time(cert->valid_after, from, sizeof(from));
3185 	if (cert->valid_before != 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
3186 		format_absolute_time(cert->valid_before, to, sizeof(to));
3187 
3188 	if (cert->valid_after == 0)
3189 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
3190 	else if (cert->valid_before == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
3191 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
3192 	else
3193 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
3194 
3195 	return strlcpy(s, ret, l);
3196 }
3197 
3198 int
3199 sshkey_private_serialize_opt(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *buf,
3200     enum sshkey_serialize_rep opts)
3201 {
3202 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
3203 	int was_shielded = sshkey_is_shielded(key);
3204 	struct sshbuf *b = NULL;
3205 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3206 	const BIGNUM *rsa_n, *rsa_e, *rsa_d, *rsa_iqmp, *rsa_p, *rsa_q;
3207 	const BIGNUM *dsa_p, *dsa_q, *dsa_g, *dsa_pub_key, *dsa_priv_key;
3208 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3209 
3210 	if ((r = sshkey_unshield_private(key)) != 0)
3211 		return r;
3212 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
3213 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3214 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, sshkey_ssh_name(key))) != 0)
3215 		goto out;
3216 	switch (key->type) {
3217 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3218 	case KEY_RSA:
3219 		RSA_get0_key(key->rsa, &rsa_n, &rsa_e, &rsa_d);
3220 		RSA_get0_factors(key->rsa, &rsa_p, &rsa_q);
3221 		RSA_get0_crt_params(key->rsa, NULL, NULL, &rsa_iqmp);
3222 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_n)) != 0 ||
3223 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_e)) != 0 ||
3224 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_d)) != 0 ||
3225 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_iqmp)) != 0 ||
3226 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_p)) != 0 ||
3227 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_q)) != 0)
3228 			goto out;
3229 		break;
3230 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
3231 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3232 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3233 			goto out;
3234 		}
3235 		RSA_get0_key(key->rsa, NULL, NULL, &rsa_d);
3236 		RSA_get0_factors(key->rsa, &rsa_p, &rsa_q);
3237 		RSA_get0_crt_params(key->rsa, NULL, NULL, &rsa_iqmp);
3238 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3239 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_d)) != 0 ||
3240 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_iqmp)) != 0 ||
3241 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_p)) != 0 ||
3242 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, rsa_q)) != 0)
3243 			goto out;
3244 		break;
3245 	case KEY_DSA:
3246 		DSA_get0_pqg(key->dsa, &dsa_p, &dsa_q, &dsa_g);
3247 		DSA_get0_key(key->dsa, &dsa_pub_key, &dsa_priv_key);
3248 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_p)) != 0 ||
3249 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_q)) != 0 ||
3250 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_g)) != 0 ||
3251 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_pub_key)) != 0 ||
3252 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_priv_key)) != 0)
3253 			goto out;
3254 		break;
3255 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
3256 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3257 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3258 			goto out;
3259 		}
3260 		DSA_get0_key(key->dsa, NULL, &dsa_priv_key);
3261 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3262 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b, dsa_priv_key)) != 0)
3263 			goto out;
3264 		break;
3265 	case KEY_ECDSA:
3266 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
3267 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(key->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
3268 		    (r = sshbuf_put_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
3269 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b,
3270 		    EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key->ecdsa))) != 0)
3271 			goto out;
3272 		break;
3273 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
3274 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3275 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3276 			goto out;
3277 		}
3278 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3279 		    (r = sshbuf_put_bignum2(b,
3280 		    EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key->ecdsa))) != 0)
3281 			goto out;
3282 		break;
3283 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
3284 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b,
3285 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(key->ecdsa_nid))) != 0 ||
3286 		    (r = sshbuf_put_eckey(b, key->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
3287 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3288 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3289 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3290 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3291 			goto out;
3292 		break;
3293 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
3294 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3295 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3296 			goto out;
3297 		}
3298 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3299 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3300 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3301 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3302 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3303 			goto out;
3304 		break;
3305 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3306 	case KEY_ED25519:
3307 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3308 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3309 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_sk,
3310 		    ED25519_SK_SZ)) != 0)
3311 			goto out;
3312 		break;
3313 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
3314 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3315 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3316 			goto out;
3317 		}
3318 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3319 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3320 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3321 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_sk,
3322 		    ED25519_SK_SZ)) != 0)
3323 			goto out;
3324 		break;
3325 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
3326 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3327 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3328 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3329 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3330 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3331 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3332 			goto out;
3333 		break;
3334 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
3335 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0) {
3336 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3337 			goto out;
3338 		}
3339 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3340 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->ed25519_pk,
3341 		    ED25519_PK_SZ)) != 0 ||
3342 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->sk_application)) != 0 ||
3343 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u8(b, key->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3344 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3345 		    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3346 			goto out;
3347 		break;
3348 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
3349 	case KEY_XMSS:
3350 		if (key->xmss_name == NULL) {
3351 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3352 			goto out;
3353 		}
3354 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->xmss_name)) != 0 ||
3355 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_pk,
3356 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(key))) != 0 ||
3357 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_sk,
3358 		    sshkey_xmss_sklen(key))) != 0 ||
3359 		    (r = sshkey_xmss_serialize_state_opt(key, b, opts)) != 0)
3360 			goto out;
3361 		break;
3362 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
3363 		if (key->cert == NULL || sshbuf_len(key->cert->certblob) == 0 ||
3364 		    key->xmss_name == NULL) {
3365 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3366 			goto out;
3367 		}
3368 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(b, key->cert->certblob)) != 0 ||
3369 		    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, key->xmss_name)) != 0 ||
3370 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_pk,
3371 		    sshkey_xmss_pklen(key))) != 0 ||
3372 		    (r = sshbuf_put_string(b, key->xmss_sk,
3373 		    sshkey_xmss_sklen(key))) != 0 ||
3374 		    (r = sshkey_xmss_serialize_state_opt(key, b, opts)) != 0)
3375 			goto out;
3376 		break;
3377 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
3378 	default:
3379 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3380 		goto out;
3381 	}
3382 	/*
3383 	 * success (but we still need to append the output to buf after
3384 	 * possibly re-shielding the private key)
3385 	 */
3386 	r = 0;
3387  out:
3388 	if (was_shielded)
3389 		r = sshkey_shield_private(key);
3390 	if (r == 0)
3391 		r = sshbuf_putb(buf, b);
3392 	sshbuf_free(b);
3393 
3394 	return r;
3395 }
3396 
3397 int
3398 sshkey_private_serialize(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *b)
3399 {
3400 	return sshkey_private_serialize_opt(key, b,
3401 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
3402 }
3403 
3404 int
3405 sshkey_private_deserialize(struct sshbuf *buf, struct sshkey **kp)
3406 {
3407 	char *tname = NULL, *curve = NULL, *xmss_name = NULL;
3408 	char *expect_sk_application = NULL;
3409 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
3410 	size_t pklen = 0, sklen = 0;
3411 	int type, r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
3412 	u_char *ed25519_pk = NULL, *ed25519_sk = NULL;
3413 	u_char *expect_ed25519_pk = NULL;
3414 	u_char *xmss_pk = NULL, *xmss_sk = NULL;
3415 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3416 	BIGNUM *exponent = NULL;
3417 	BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL, *rsa_d = NULL;
3418 	BIGNUM *rsa_iqmp = NULL, *rsa_p = NULL, *rsa_q = NULL;
3419 	BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL;
3420 	BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key = NULL, *dsa_priv_key = NULL;
3421 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3422 
3423 	if (kp != NULL)
3424 		*kp = NULL;
3425 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &tname, NULL)) != 0)
3426 		goto out;
3427 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(tname);
3428 	if (sshkey_type_is_cert(type)) {
3429 		/*
3430 		 * Certificate key private keys begin with the certificate
3431 		 * itself. Make sure this matches the type of the enclosing
3432 		 * private key.
3433 		 */
3434 		if ((r = sshkey_froms(buf, &k)) != 0)
3435 			goto out;
3436 		if (k->type != type) {
3437 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_MISMATCH;
3438 			goto out;
3439 		}
3440 		/* For ECDSA keys, the group must match too */
3441 		if (k->type == KEY_ECDSA &&
3442 		    k->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(tname)) {
3443 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_MISMATCH;
3444 			goto out;
3445 		}
3446 		/*
3447 		 * Several fields are redundant between certificate and
3448 		 * private key body, we require these to match.
3449 		 */
3450 		expect_sk_application = k->sk_application;
3451 		expect_ed25519_pk = k->ed25519_pk;
3452 		k->sk_application = NULL;
3453 		k->ed25519_pk = NULL;
3454 	} else {
3455 		if ((k = sshkey_new(type)) == NULL) {
3456 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3457 			goto out;
3458 		}
3459 	}
3460 	switch (type) {
3461 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3462 	case KEY_DSA:
3463 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_p)) != 0 ||
3464 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_q)) != 0 ||
3465 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_g)) != 0 ||
3466 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_pub_key)) != 0)
3467 			goto out;
3468 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(k->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g)) {
3469 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3470 			goto out;
3471 		}
3472 		dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */
3473 		if (!DSA_set0_key(k->dsa, dsa_pub_key, NULL)) {
3474 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3475 			goto out;
3476 		}
3477 		dsa_pub_key = NULL; /* transferred */
3478 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3479 	case KEY_DSA_CERT:
3480 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &dsa_priv_key)) != 0)
3481 			goto out;
3482 		if (!DSA_set0_key(k->dsa, NULL, dsa_priv_key)) {
3483 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3484 			goto out;
3485 		}
3486 		dsa_priv_key = NULL; /* transferred */
3487 		break;
3488 	case KEY_ECDSA:
3489 		if ((k->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(tname)) == -1) {
3490 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3491 			goto out;
3492 		}
3493 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &curve, NULL)) != 0)
3494 			goto out;
3495 		if (k->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(curve)) {
3496 			r = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
3497 			goto out;
3498 		}
3499 		k->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(k->ecdsa_nid);
3500 		if (k->ecdsa  == NULL) {
3501 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3502 			goto out;
3503 		}
3504 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_eckey(buf, k->ecdsa)) != 0)
3505 			goto out;
3506 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3507 	case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
3508 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &exponent)) != 0)
3509 			goto out;
3510 		if (EC_KEY_set_private_key(k->ecdsa, exponent) != 1) {
3511 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3512 			goto out;
3513 		}
3514 		if ((r = sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa),
3515 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa))) != 0 ||
3516 		    (r = sshkey_ec_validate_private(k->ecdsa)) != 0)
3517 			goto out;
3518 		break;
3519 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
3520 		if ((k->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(tname)) == -1) {
3521 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3522 			goto out;
3523 		}
3524 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &curve, NULL)) != 0)
3525 			goto out;
3526 		if (k->ecdsa_nid != sshkey_curve_name_to_nid(curve)) {
3527 			r = SSH_ERR_EC_CURVE_MISMATCH;
3528 			goto out;
3529 		}
3530 		if ((k->sk_key_handle = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3531 		    (k->sk_reserved = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3532 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3533 			goto out;
3534 		}
3535 		k->ecdsa = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(k->ecdsa_nid);
3536 		if (k->ecdsa  == NULL) {
3537 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3538 			goto out;
3539 		}
3540 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_eckey(buf, k->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
3541 		    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &k->sk_application,
3542 		    NULL)) != 0 ||
3543 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u8(buf, &k->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3544 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3545 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3546 			goto out;
3547 		if ((r = sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa),
3548 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa))) != 0)
3549 			goto out;
3550 		break;
3551 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
3552 		if ((k->sk_key_handle = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3553 		    (k->sk_reserved = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3554 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3555 			goto out;
3556 		}
3557 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &k->sk_application,
3558 		    NULL)) != 0 ||
3559 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u8(buf, &k->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3560 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3561 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3562 			goto out;
3563 		if ((r = sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(k->ecdsa),
3564 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(k->ecdsa))) != 0)
3565 			goto out;
3566 		break;
3567 	case KEY_RSA:
3568 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_n)) != 0 ||
3569 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_e)) != 0)
3570 			goto out;
3571 		if (!RSA_set0_key(k->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, NULL)) {
3572 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3573 			goto out;
3574 		}
3575 		rsa_n = rsa_e = NULL; /* transferred */
3576 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
3577 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
3578 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_d)) != 0 ||
3579 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_iqmp)) != 0 ||
3580 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_p)) != 0 ||
3581 		    (r = sshbuf_get_bignum2(buf, &rsa_q)) != 0)
3582 			goto out;
3583 		if (!RSA_set0_key(k->rsa, NULL, NULL, rsa_d)) {
3584 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3585 			goto out;
3586 		}
3587 		rsa_d = NULL; /* transferred */
3588 		if (!RSA_set0_factors(k->rsa, rsa_p, rsa_q)) {
3589 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3590 			goto out;
3591 		}
3592 		rsa_p = rsa_q = NULL; /* transferred */
3593 		if ((r = sshkey_check_rsa_length(k, 0)) != 0)
3594 			goto out;
3595 		if ((r = ssh_rsa_complete_crt_parameters(k, rsa_iqmp)) != 0)
3596 			goto out;
3597 		break;
3598 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3599 	case KEY_ED25519:
3600 	case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
3601 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &ed25519_pk, &pklen)) != 0 ||
3602 		    (r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &ed25519_sk, &sklen)) != 0)
3603 			goto out;
3604 		if (pklen != ED25519_PK_SZ || sklen != ED25519_SK_SZ) {
3605 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
3606 			goto out;
3607 		}
3608 		k->ed25519_pk = ed25519_pk;
3609 		k->ed25519_sk = ed25519_sk;
3610 		ed25519_pk = ed25519_sk = NULL; /* transferred */
3611 		break;
3612 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
3613 	case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
3614 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &ed25519_pk, &pklen)) != 0)
3615 			goto out;
3616 		if (pklen != ED25519_PK_SZ) {
3617 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
3618 			goto out;
3619 		}
3620 		if ((k->sk_key_handle = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3621 		    (k->sk_reserved = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3622 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3623 			goto out;
3624 		}
3625 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &k->sk_application,
3626 		    NULL)) != 0 ||
3627 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u8(buf, &k->sk_flags)) != 0 ||
3628 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_key_handle)) != 0 ||
3629 		    (r = sshbuf_get_stringb(buf, k->sk_reserved)) != 0)
3630 			goto out;
3631 		k->ed25519_pk = ed25519_pk;
3632 		ed25519_pk = NULL; /* transferred */
3633 		break;
3634 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
3635 	case KEY_XMSS:
3636 	case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
3637 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(buf, &xmss_name, NULL)) != 0 ||
3638 		    (r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &xmss_pk, &pklen)) != 0 ||
3639 		    (r = sshbuf_get_string(buf, &xmss_sk, &sklen)) != 0)
3640 			goto out;
3641 		if (type == KEY_XMSS &&
3642 		    (r = sshkey_xmss_init(k, xmss_name)) != 0)
3643 			goto out;
3644 		if (pklen != sshkey_xmss_pklen(k) ||
3645 		    sklen != sshkey_xmss_sklen(k)) {
3646 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
3647 			goto out;
3648 		}
3649 		k->xmss_pk = xmss_pk;
3650 		k->xmss_sk = xmss_sk;
3651 		xmss_pk = xmss_sk = NULL;
3652 		/* optional internal state */
3653 		if ((r = sshkey_xmss_deserialize_state_opt(k, buf)) != 0)
3654 			goto out;
3655 		break;
3656 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
3657 	default:
3658 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
3659 		goto out;
3660 	}
3661 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3662 	/* enable blinding */
3663 	switch (k->type) {
3664 	case KEY_RSA:
3665 	case KEY_RSA_CERT:
3666 		if (RSA_blinding_on(k->rsa, NULL) != 1) {
3667 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3668 			goto out;
3669 		}
3670 		break;
3671 	}
3672 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3673 	if ((expect_sk_application != NULL && (k->sk_application == NULL ||
3674 	    strcmp(expect_sk_application, k->sk_application) != 0)) ||
3675 	    (expect_ed25519_pk != NULL && (k->ed25519_pk == NULL ||
3676 	    memcmp(expect_ed25519_pk, k->ed25519_pk, ED25519_PK_SZ) != 0))) {
3677 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_CERT_MISMATCH;
3678 		goto out;
3679 	}
3680 	/* success */
3681 	r = 0;
3682 	if (kp != NULL) {
3683 		*kp = k;
3684 		k = NULL;
3685 	}
3686  out:
3687 	free(tname);
3688 	free(curve);
3689 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3690 	BN_clear_free(exponent);
3691 	BN_clear_free(dsa_p);
3692 	BN_clear_free(dsa_q);
3693 	BN_clear_free(dsa_g);
3694 	BN_clear_free(dsa_pub_key);
3695 	BN_clear_free(dsa_priv_key);
3696 	BN_clear_free(rsa_n);
3697 	BN_clear_free(rsa_e);
3698 	BN_clear_free(rsa_d);
3699 	BN_clear_free(rsa_p);
3700 	BN_clear_free(rsa_q);
3701 	BN_clear_free(rsa_iqmp);
3702 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3703 	sshkey_free(k);
3704 	freezero(ed25519_pk, pklen);
3705 	freezero(ed25519_sk, sklen);
3706 	free(xmss_name);
3707 	freezero(xmss_pk, pklen);
3708 	freezero(xmss_sk, sklen);
3709 	free(expect_sk_application);
3710 	free(expect_ed25519_pk);
3711 	return r;
3712 }
3713 
3714 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3715 int
3716 sshkey_ec_validate_public(const EC_GROUP *group, const EC_POINT *public)
3717 {
3718 	EC_POINT *nq = NULL;
3719 	BIGNUM *order = NULL, *x = NULL, *y = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
3720 	int ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_INVALID_EC_VALUE;
3721 
3722 	/*
3723 	 * NB. This assumes OpenSSL has already verified that the public
3724 	 * point lies on the curve. This is done by EC_POINT_oct2point()
3725 	 * implicitly calling EC_POINT_is_on_curve(). If this code is ever
3726 	 * reachable with public points not unmarshalled using
3727 	 * EC_POINT_oct2point then the caller will need to explicitly check.
3728 	 */
3729 
3730 	/*
3731 	 * We shouldn't ever hit this case because bignum_get_ecpoint()
3732 	 * refuses to load GF2m points.
3733 	 */
3734 	if (EC_METHOD_get_field_type(EC_GROUP_method_of(group)) !=
3735 	    NID_X9_62_prime_field)
3736 		goto out;
3737 
3738 	/* Q != infinity */
3739 	if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, public))
3740 		goto out;
3741 
3742 	if ((x = BN_new()) == NULL ||
3743 	    (y = BN_new()) == NULL ||
3744 	    (order = BN_new()) == NULL ||
3745 	    (tmp = BN_new()) == NULL) {
3746 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3747 		goto out;
3748 	}
3749 
3750 	/* log2(x) > log2(order)/2, log2(y) > log2(order)/2 */
3751 	if (EC_GROUP_get_order(group, order, NULL) != 1 ||
3752 	    EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp(group, public,
3753 	    x, y, NULL) != 1) {
3754 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3755 		goto out;
3756 	}
3757 	if (BN_num_bits(x) <= BN_num_bits(order) / 2 ||
3758 	    BN_num_bits(y) <= BN_num_bits(order) / 2)
3759 		goto out;
3760 
3761 	/* nQ == infinity (n == order of subgroup) */
3762 	if ((nq = EC_POINT_new(group)) == NULL) {
3763 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3764 		goto out;
3765 	}
3766 	if (EC_POINT_mul(group, nq, NULL, public, order, NULL) != 1) {
3767 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3768 		goto out;
3769 	}
3770 	if (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, nq) != 1)
3771 		goto out;
3772 
3773 	/* x < order - 1, y < order - 1 */
3774 	if (!BN_sub(tmp, order, BN_value_one())) {
3775 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3776 		goto out;
3777 	}
3778 	if (BN_cmp(x, tmp) >= 0 || BN_cmp(y, tmp) >= 0)
3779 		goto out;
3780 	ret = 0;
3781  out:
3782 	BN_clear_free(x);
3783 	BN_clear_free(y);
3784 	BN_clear_free(order);
3785 	BN_clear_free(tmp);
3786 	EC_POINT_free(nq);
3787 	return ret;
3788 }
3789 
3790 int
3791 sshkey_ec_validate_private(const EC_KEY *key)
3792 {
3793 	BIGNUM *order = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
3794 	int ret = SSH_ERR_KEY_INVALID_EC_VALUE;
3795 
3796 	if ((order = BN_new()) == NULL || (tmp = BN_new()) == NULL) {
3797 		ret = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3798 		goto out;
3799 	}
3800 
3801 	/* log2(private) > log2(order)/2 */
3802 	if (EC_GROUP_get_order(EC_KEY_get0_group(key), order, NULL) != 1) {
3803 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3804 		goto out;
3805 	}
3806 	if (BN_num_bits(EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key)) <=
3807 	    BN_num_bits(order) / 2)
3808 		goto out;
3809 
3810 	/* private < order - 1 */
3811 	if (!BN_sub(tmp, order, BN_value_one())) {
3812 		ret = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
3813 		goto out;
3814 	}
3815 	if (BN_cmp(EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key), tmp) >= 0)
3816 		goto out;
3817 	ret = 0;
3818  out:
3819 	BN_clear_free(order);
3820 	BN_clear_free(tmp);
3821 	return ret;
3822 }
3823 
3824 void
3825 sshkey_dump_ec_point(const EC_GROUP *group, const EC_POINT *point)
3826 {
3827 	BIGNUM *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
3828 
3829 	if (point == NULL) {
3830 		fputs("point=(NULL)\n", stderr);
3831 		return;
3832 	}
3833 	if ((x = BN_new()) == NULL || (y = BN_new()) == NULL) {
3834 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: BN_new failed\n", __func__);
3835 		goto out;
3836 	}
3837 	if (EC_METHOD_get_field_type(EC_GROUP_method_of(group)) !=
3838 	    NID_X9_62_prime_field) {
3839 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: group is not a prime field\n", __func__);
3840 		goto out;
3841 	}
3842 	if (EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp(group, point,
3843 	    x, y, NULL) != 1) {
3844 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: EC_POINT_get_affine_coordinates_GFp\n",
3845 		    __func__);
3846 		goto out;
3847 	}
3848 	fputs("x=", stderr);
3849 	BN_print_fp(stderr, x);
3850 	fputs("\ny=", stderr);
3851 	BN_print_fp(stderr, y);
3852 	fputs("\n", stderr);
3853  out:
3854 	BN_clear_free(x);
3855 	BN_clear_free(y);
3856 }
3857 
3858 void
3859 sshkey_dump_ec_key(const EC_KEY *key)
3860 {
3861 	const BIGNUM *exponent;
3862 
3863 	sshkey_dump_ec_point(EC_KEY_get0_group(key),
3864 	    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(key));
3865 	fputs("exponent=", stderr);
3866 	if ((exponent = EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key)) == NULL)
3867 		fputs("(NULL)", stderr);
3868 	else
3869 		BN_print_fp(stderr, EC_KEY_get0_private_key(key));
3870 	fputs("\n", stderr);
3871 }
3872 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3873 
3874 static int
3875 sshkey_private_to_blob2(struct sshkey *prv, struct sshbuf *blob,
3876     const char *passphrase, const char *comment, const char *ciphername,
3877     int rounds)
3878 {
3879 	u_char *cp, *key = NULL, *pubkeyblob = NULL;
3880 	u_char salt[SALT_LEN];
3881 	char *b64 = NULL;
3882 	size_t i, pubkeylen, keylen, ivlen, blocksize, authlen;
3883 	u_int check;
3884 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
3885 	struct sshcipher_ctx *ciphercontext = NULL;
3886 	const struct sshcipher *cipher;
3887 	const char *kdfname = KDFNAME;
3888 	struct sshbuf *encoded = NULL, *encrypted = NULL, *kdf = NULL;
3889 
3890 	if (rounds <= 0)
3891 		rounds = DEFAULT_ROUNDS;
3892 	if (passphrase == NULL || !strlen(passphrase)) {
3893 		ciphername = "none";
3894 		kdfname = "none";
3895 	} else if (ciphername == NULL)
3896 		ciphername = DEFAULT_CIPHERNAME;
3897 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(ciphername)) == NULL) {
3898 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3899 		goto out;
3900 	}
3901 
3902 	if ((kdf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3903 	    (encoded = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
3904 	    (encrypted = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
3905 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3906 		goto out;
3907 	}
3908 	blocksize = cipher_blocksize(cipher);
3909 	keylen = cipher_keylen(cipher);
3910 	ivlen = cipher_ivlen(cipher);
3911 	authlen = cipher_authlen(cipher);
3912 	if ((key = calloc(1, keylen + ivlen)) == NULL) {
3913 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
3914 		goto out;
3915 	}
3916 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "bcrypt") == 0) {
3917 		arc4random_buf(salt, SALT_LEN);
3918 		if (bcrypt_pbkdf(passphrase, strlen(passphrase),
3919 		    salt, SALT_LEN, key, keylen + ivlen, rounds) < 0) {
3920 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
3921 			goto out;
3922 		}
3923 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_string(kdf, salt, SALT_LEN)) != 0 ||
3924 		    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(kdf, rounds)) != 0)
3925 			goto out;
3926 	} else if (strcmp(kdfname, "none") != 0) {
3927 		/* Unsupported KDF type */
3928 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_UNKNOWN_CIPHER;
3929 		goto out;
3930 	}
3931 	if ((r = cipher_init(&ciphercontext, cipher, key, keylen,
3932 	    key + keylen, ivlen, 1)) != 0)
3933 		goto out;
3934 
3935 	if ((r = sshbuf_put(encoded, AUTH_MAGIC, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) != 0 ||
3936 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(encoded, ciphername)) != 0 ||
3937 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(encoded, kdfname)) != 0 ||
3938 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(encoded, kdf)) != 0 ||
3939 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(encoded, 1)) != 0 ||	/* number of keys */
3940 	    (r = sshkey_to_blob(prv, &pubkeyblob, &pubkeylen)) != 0 ||
3941 	    (r = sshbuf_put_string(encoded, pubkeyblob, pubkeylen)) != 0)
3942 		goto out;
3943 
3944 	/* set up the buffer that will be encrypted */
3945 
3946 	/* Random check bytes */
3947 	check = arc4random();
3948 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u32(encrypted, check)) != 0 ||
3949 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(encrypted, check)) != 0)
3950 		goto out;
3951 
3952 	/* append private key and comment*/
3953 	if ((r = sshkey_private_serialize_opt(prv, encrypted,
3954 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_FULL)) != 0 ||
3955 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(encrypted, comment)) != 0)
3956 		goto out;
3957 
3958 	/* padding */
3959 	i = 0;
3960 	while (sshbuf_len(encrypted) % blocksize) {
3961 		if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(encrypted, ++i & 0xff)) != 0)
3962 			goto out;
3963 	}
3964 
3965 	/* length in destination buffer */
3966 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_u32(encoded, sshbuf_len(encrypted))) != 0)
3967 		goto out;
3968 
3969 	/* encrypt */
3970 	if ((r = sshbuf_reserve(encoded,
3971 	    sshbuf_len(encrypted) + authlen, &cp)) != 0)
3972 		goto out;
3973 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(ciphercontext, 0, cp,
3974 	    sshbuf_ptr(encrypted), sshbuf_len(encrypted), 0, authlen)) != 0)
3975 		goto out;
3976 
3977 	sshbuf_reset(blob);
3978 
3979 	/* assemble uuencoded key */
3980 	if ((r = sshbuf_put(blob, MARK_BEGIN, MARK_BEGIN_LEN)) != 0 ||
3981 	    (r = sshbuf_dtob64(encoded, blob, 1)) != 0 ||
3982 	    (r = sshbuf_put(blob, MARK_END, MARK_END_LEN)) != 0)
3983 		goto out;
3984 
3985 	/* success */
3986 	r = 0;
3987 
3988  out:
3989 	sshbuf_free(kdf);
3990 	sshbuf_free(encoded);
3991 	sshbuf_free(encrypted);
3992 	cipher_free(ciphercontext);
3993 	explicit_bzero(salt, sizeof(salt));
3994 	if (key != NULL)
3995 		freezero(key, keylen + ivlen);
3996 	if (pubkeyblob != NULL)
3997 		freezero(pubkeyblob, pubkeylen);
3998 	if (b64 != NULL)
3999 		freezero(b64, strlen(b64));
4000 	return r;
4001 }
4002 
4003 static int
4004 private2_uudecode(struct sshbuf *blob, struct sshbuf **decodedp)
4005 {
4006 	const u_char *cp;
4007 	size_t encoded_len;
4008 	int r;
4009 	u_char last;
4010 	struct sshbuf *encoded = NULL, *decoded = NULL;
4011 
4012 	if (blob == NULL || decodedp == NULL)
4013 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4014 
4015 	*decodedp = NULL;
4016 
4017 	if ((encoded = sshbuf_new()) == NULL ||
4018 	    (decoded = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
4019 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4020 		goto out;
4021 	}
4022 
4023 	/* check preamble */
4024 	cp = sshbuf_ptr(blob);
4025 	encoded_len = sshbuf_len(blob);
4026 	if (encoded_len < (MARK_BEGIN_LEN + MARK_END_LEN) ||
4027 	    memcmp(cp, MARK_BEGIN, MARK_BEGIN_LEN) != 0) {
4028 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4029 		goto out;
4030 	}
4031 	cp += MARK_BEGIN_LEN;
4032 	encoded_len -= MARK_BEGIN_LEN;
4033 
4034 	/* Look for end marker, removing whitespace as we go */
4035 	while (encoded_len > 0) {
4036 		if (*cp != '\n' && *cp != '\r') {
4037 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(encoded, *cp)) != 0)
4038 				goto out;
4039 		}
4040 		last = *cp;
4041 		encoded_len--;
4042 		cp++;
4043 		if (last == '\n') {
4044 			if (encoded_len >= MARK_END_LEN &&
4045 			    memcmp(cp, MARK_END, MARK_END_LEN) == 0) {
4046 				/* \0 terminate */
4047 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(encoded, 0)) != 0)
4048 					goto out;
4049 				break;
4050 			}
4051 		}
4052 	}
4053 	if (encoded_len == 0) {
4054 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4055 		goto out;
4056 	}
4057 
4058 	/* decode base64 */
4059 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(decoded, (const char *)sshbuf_ptr(encoded))) != 0)
4060 		goto out;
4061 
4062 	/* check magic */
4063 	if (sshbuf_len(decoded) < sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC) ||
4064 	    memcmp(sshbuf_ptr(decoded), AUTH_MAGIC, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) {
4065 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4066 		goto out;
4067 	}
4068 	/* success */
4069 	*decodedp = decoded;
4070 	decoded = NULL;
4071 	r = 0;
4072  out:
4073 	sshbuf_free(encoded);
4074 	sshbuf_free(decoded);
4075 	return r;
4076 }
4077 
4078 static int
4079 private2_decrypt(struct sshbuf *decoded, const char *passphrase,
4080     struct sshbuf **decryptedp, struct sshkey **pubkeyp)
4081 {
4082 	char *ciphername = NULL, *kdfname = NULL;
4083 	const struct sshcipher *cipher = NULL;
4084 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4085 	size_t keylen = 0, ivlen = 0, authlen = 0, slen = 0;
4086 	struct sshbuf *kdf = NULL, *decrypted = NULL;
4087 	struct sshcipher_ctx *ciphercontext = NULL;
4088 	struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL;
4089 	u_char *key = NULL, *salt = NULL, *dp;
4090 	u_int blocksize, rounds, nkeys, encrypted_len, check1, check2;
4091 
4092 	if (decoded == NULL || decryptedp == NULL || pubkeyp == NULL)
4093 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4094 
4095 	*decryptedp = NULL;
4096 	*pubkeyp = NULL;
4097 
4098 	if ((decrypted = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) {
4099 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4100 		goto out;
4101 	}
4102 
4103 	/* parse public portion of key */
4104 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(decoded, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) != 0 ||
4105 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(decoded, &ciphername, NULL)) != 0 ||
4106 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(decoded, &kdfname, NULL)) != 0 ||
4107 	    (r = sshbuf_froms(decoded, &kdf)) != 0 ||
4108 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decoded, &nkeys)) != 0)
4109 		goto out;
4110 
4111 	if (nkeys != 1) {
4112 		/* XXX only one key supported at present */
4113 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4114 		goto out;
4115 	}
4116 
4117 	if ((r = sshkey_froms(decoded, &pubkey)) != 0 ||
4118 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decoded, &encrypted_len)) != 0)
4119 		goto out;
4120 
4121 	if ((cipher = cipher_by_name(ciphername)) == NULL) {
4122 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_UNKNOWN_CIPHER;
4123 		goto out;
4124 	}
4125 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "none") != 0 && strcmp(kdfname, "bcrypt") != 0) {
4126 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_UNKNOWN_CIPHER;
4127 		goto out;
4128 	}
4129 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "none") == 0 && strcmp(ciphername, "none") != 0) {
4130 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4131 		goto out;
4132 	}
4133 	if ((passphrase == NULL || strlen(passphrase) == 0) &&
4134 	    strcmp(kdfname, "none") != 0) {
4135 		/* passphrase required */
4136 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4137 		goto out;
4138 	}
4139 
4140 	/* check size of encrypted key blob */
4141 	blocksize = cipher_blocksize(cipher);
4142 	if (encrypted_len < blocksize || (encrypted_len % blocksize) != 0) {
4143 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4144 		goto out;
4145 	}
4146 
4147 	/* setup key */
4148 	keylen = cipher_keylen(cipher);
4149 	ivlen = cipher_ivlen(cipher);
4150 	authlen = cipher_authlen(cipher);
4151 	if ((key = calloc(1, keylen + ivlen)) == NULL) {
4152 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4153 		goto out;
4154 	}
4155 	if (strcmp(kdfname, "bcrypt") == 0) {
4156 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_string(kdf, &salt, &slen)) != 0 ||
4157 		    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(kdf, &rounds)) != 0)
4158 			goto out;
4159 		if (bcrypt_pbkdf(passphrase, strlen(passphrase), salt, slen,
4160 		    key, keylen + ivlen, rounds) < 0) {
4161 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4162 			goto out;
4163 		}
4164 	}
4165 
4166 	/* check that an appropriate amount of auth data is present */
4167 	if (sshbuf_len(decoded) < authlen ||
4168 	    sshbuf_len(decoded) - authlen < encrypted_len) {
4169 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4170 		goto out;
4171 	}
4172 
4173 	/* decrypt private portion of key */
4174 	if ((r = sshbuf_reserve(decrypted, encrypted_len, &dp)) != 0 ||
4175 	    (r = cipher_init(&ciphercontext, cipher, key, keylen,
4176 	    key + keylen, ivlen, 0)) != 0)
4177 		goto out;
4178 	if ((r = cipher_crypt(ciphercontext, 0, dp, sshbuf_ptr(decoded),
4179 	    encrypted_len, 0, authlen)) != 0) {
4180 		/* an integrity error here indicates an incorrect passphrase */
4181 		if (r == SSH_ERR_MAC_INVALID)
4182 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4183 		goto out;
4184 	}
4185 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(decoded, encrypted_len + authlen)) != 0)
4186 		goto out;
4187 	/* there should be no trailing data */
4188 	if (sshbuf_len(decoded) != 0) {
4189 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4190 		goto out;
4191 	}
4192 
4193 	/* check check bytes */
4194 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(decrypted, &check1)) != 0 ||
4195 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decrypted, &check2)) != 0)
4196 		goto out;
4197 	if (check1 != check2) {
4198 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4199 		goto out;
4200 	}
4201 	/* success */
4202 	*decryptedp = decrypted;
4203 	decrypted = NULL;
4204 	*pubkeyp = pubkey;
4205 	pubkey = NULL;
4206 	r = 0;
4207  out:
4208 	cipher_free(ciphercontext);
4209 	free(ciphername);
4210 	free(kdfname);
4211 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
4212 	if (salt != NULL) {
4213 		explicit_bzero(salt, slen);
4214 		free(salt);
4215 	}
4216 	if (key != NULL) {
4217 		explicit_bzero(key, keylen + ivlen);
4218 		free(key);
4219 	}
4220 	sshbuf_free(kdf);
4221 	sshbuf_free(decrypted);
4222 	return r;
4223 }
4224 
4225 static int
4226 sshkey_parse_private2(struct sshbuf *blob, int type, const char *passphrase,
4227     struct sshkey **keyp, char **commentp)
4228 {
4229 	char *comment = NULL;
4230 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4231 	struct sshbuf *decoded = NULL, *decrypted = NULL;
4232 	struct sshkey *k = NULL, *pubkey = NULL;
4233 
4234 	if (keyp != NULL)
4235 		*keyp = NULL;
4236 	if (commentp != NULL)
4237 		*commentp = NULL;
4238 
4239 	/* Undo base64 encoding and decrypt the private section */
4240 	if ((r = private2_uudecode(blob, &decoded)) != 0 ||
4241 	    (r = private2_decrypt(decoded, passphrase,
4242 	    &decrypted, &pubkey)) != 0)
4243 		goto out;
4244 
4245 	if (type != KEY_UNSPEC &&
4246 	    sshkey_type_plain(type) != sshkey_type_plain(pubkey->type)) {
4247 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
4248 		goto out;
4249 	}
4250 
4251 	/* Load the private key and comment */
4252 	if ((r = sshkey_private_deserialize(decrypted, &k)) != 0 ||
4253 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(decrypted, &comment, NULL)) != 0)
4254 		goto out;
4255 
4256 	/* Check deterministic padding after private section */
4257 	if ((r = private2_check_padding(decrypted)) != 0)
4258 		goto out;
4259 
4260 	/* Check that the public key in the envelope matches the private key */
4261 	if (!sshkey_equal(pubkey, k)) {
4262 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4263 		goto out;
4264 	}
4265 
4266 	/* success */
4267 	r = 0;
4268 	if (keyp != NULL) {
4269 		*keyp = k;
4270 		k = NULL;
4271 	}
4272 	if (commentp != NULL) {
4273 		*commentp = comment;
4274 		comment = NULL;
4275 	}
4276  out:
4277 	free(comment);
4278 	sshbuf_free(decoded);
4279 	sshbuf_free(decrypted);
4280 	sshkey_free(k);
4281 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
4282 	return r;
4283 }
4284 
4285 static int
4286 sshkey_parse_private2_pubkey(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4287     struct sshkey **keyp)
4288 {
4289 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4290 	struct sshbuf *decoded = NULL;
4291 	struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL;
4292 	u_int nkeys = 0;
4293 
4294 	if (keyp != NULL)
4295 		*keyp = NULL;
4296 
4297 	if ((r = private2_uudecode(blob, &decoded)) != 0)
4298 		goto out;
4299 	/* parse public key from unencrypted envelope */
4300 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(decoded, sizeof(AUTH_MAGIC))) != 0 ||
4301 	    (r = sshbuf_skip_string(decoded)) != 0 || /* cipher */
4302 	    (r = sshbuf_skip_string(decoded)) != 0 || /* KDF alg */
4303 	    (r = sshbuf_skip_string(decoded)) != 0 || /* KDF hint */
4304 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(decoded, &nkeys)) != 0)
4305 		goto out;
4306 
4307 	if (nkeys != 1) {
4308 		/* XXX only one key supported at present */
4309 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4310 		goto out;
4311 	}
4312 
4313 	/* Parse the public key */
4314 	if ((r = sshkey_froms(decoded, &pubkey)) != 0)
4315 		goto out;
4316 
4317 	if (type != KEY_UNSPEC &&
4318 	    sshkey_type_plain(type) != sshkey_type_plain(pubkey->type)) {
4319 		r = SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_MISMATCH;
4320 		goto out;
4321 	}
4322 
4323 	/* success */
4324 	r = 0;
4325 	if (keyp != NULL) {
4326 		*keyp = pubkey;
4327 		pubkey = NULL;
4328 	}
4329  out:
4330 	sshbuf_free(decoded);
4331 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
4332 	return r;
4333 }
4334 
4335 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4336 /* convert SSH v2 key to PEM or PKCS#8 format */
4337 static int
4338 sshkey_private_to_blob_pem_pkcs8(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *buf,
4339     int format, const char *_passphrase, const char *comment)
4340 {
4341 	int was_shielded = sshkey_is_shielded(key);
4342 	int success, r;
4343 	int blen, len = strlen(_passphrase);
4344 	u_char *passphrase = (len > 0) ? __UNCONST(_passphrase) : NULL;
4345 	const EVP_CIPHER *cipher = (len > 0) ? EVP_aes_128_cbc() : NULL;
4346 	char *bptr;
4347 	BIO *bio = NULL;
4348 	struct sshbuf *blob;
4349 	EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
4350 
4351 	if (len > 0 && len <= 4)
4352 		return SSH_ERR_PASSPHRASE_TOO_SHORT;
4353 	if ((blob = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
4354 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4355 	if ((bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())) == NULL) {
4356 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4357 		goto out;
4358 	}
4359 	if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8 && (pkey = EVP_PKEY_new()) == NULL) {
4360 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4361 		goto out;
4362 	}
4363 	if ((r = sshkey_unshield_private(key)) != 0)
4364 		goto out;
4365 
4366 	switch (key->type) {
4367 	case KEY_DSA:
4368 		if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM) {
4369 			success = PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(bio, key->dsa,
4370 			    cipher, passphrase, len, NULL, NULL);
4371 		} else {
4372 			success = EVP_PKEY_set1_DSA(pkey, key->dsa);
4373 		}
4374 		break;
4375 	case KEY_ECDSA:
4376 		if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM) {
4377 			success = PEM_write_bio_ECPrivateKey(bio, key->ecdsa,
4378 			    cipher, passphrase, len, NULL, NULL);
4379 		} else {
4380 			success = EVP_PKEY_set1_EC_KEY(pkey, key->ecdsa);
4381 		}
4382 		break;
4383 	case KEY_RSA:
4384 		if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM) {
4385 			success = PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(bio, key->rsa,
4386 			    cipher, passphrase, len, NULL, NULL);
4387 		} else {
4388 			success = EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, key->rsa);
4389 		}
4390 		break;
4391 	default:
4392 		success = 0;
4393 		break;
4394 	}
4395 	if (success == 0) {
4396 		r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4397 		goto out;
4398 	}
4399 	if (format == SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8) {
4400 		if ((success = PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(bio, pkey, cipher,
4401 		    passphrase, len, NULL, NULL)) == 0) {
4402 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4403 			goto out;
4404 		}
4405 	}
4406 	if ((blen = BIO_get_mem_data(bio, &bptr)) <= 0) {
4407 		r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4408 		goto out;
4409 	}
4410 	if ((r = sshbuf_put(blob, bptr, blen)) != 0)
4411 		goto out;
4412 	r = 0;
4413  out:
4414 	if (was_shielded)
4415 		r = sshkey_shield_private(key);
4416 	if (r == 0)
4417 		r = sshbuf_putb(buf, blob);
4418 
4419 	EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
4420 	sshbuf_free(blob);
4421 	BIO_free(bio);
4422 	return r;
4423 }
4424 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4425 
4426 /* Serialise "key" to buffer "blob" */
4427 int
4428 sshkey_private_to_fileblob(struct sshkey *key, struct sshbuf *blob,
4429     const char *passphrase, const char *comment,
4430     int format, const char *openssh_format_cipher, int openssh_format_rounds)
4431 {
4432 	switch (key->type) {
4433 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4434 	case KEY_DSA:
4435 	case KEY_ECDSA:
4436 	case KEY_RSA:
4437 		break; /* see below */
4438 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4439 	case KEY_ED25519:
4440 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
4441 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
4442 	case KEY_XMSS:
4443 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
4444 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4445 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
4446 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4447 		return sshkey_private_to_blob2(key, blob, passphrase,
4448 		    comment, openssh_format_cipher, openssh_format_rounds);
4449 	default:
4450 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
4451 	}
4452 
4453 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4454 	switch (format) {
4455 	case SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH:
4456 		return sshkey_private_to_blob2(key, blob, passphrase,
4457 		    comment, openssh_format_cipher, openssh_format_rounds);
4458 	case SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM:
4459 	case SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8:
4460 		return sshkey_private_to_blob_pem_pkcs8(key, blob,
4461 		    format, passphrase, comment);
4462 	default:
4463 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4464 	}
4465 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4466 }
4467 
4468 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4469 static int
4470 translate_libcrypto_error(unsigned long pem_err)
4471 {
4472 	int pem_reason = ERR_GET_REASON(pem_err);
4473 
4474 	switch (ERR_GET_LIB(pem_err)) {
4475 	case ERR_LIB_PEM:
4476 		switch (pem_reason) {
4477 		case PEM_R_BAD_PASSWORD_READ:
4478 		case PEM_R_PROBLEMS_GETTING_PASSWORD:
4479 		case PEM_R_BAD_DECRYPT:
4480 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4481 		default:
4482 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4483 		}
4484 	case ERR_LIB_EVP:
4485 		switch (pem_reason) {
4486 		case EVP_R_BAD_DECRYPT:
4487 			return SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4488 #ifdef EVP_R_BN_DECODE_ERROR
4489 		case EVP_R_BN_DECODE_ERROR:
4490 #endif
4491 		case EVP_R_DECODE_ERROR:
4492 #ifdef EVP_R_PRIVATE_KEY_DECODE_ERROR
4493 		case EVP_R_PRIVATE_KEY_DECODE_ERROR:
4494 #endif
4495 			return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4496 		default:
4497 			return SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4498 		}
4499 	case ERR_LIB_ASN1:
4500 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4501 	}
4502 	return SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4503 }
4504 
4505 static void
4506 clear_libcrypto_errors(void)
4507 {
4508 	while (ERR_get_error() != 0)
4509 		;
4510 }
4511 
4512 /*
4513  * Translate OpenSSL error codes to determine whether
4514  * passphrase is required/incorrect.
4515  */
4516 static int
4517 convert_libcrypto_error(void)
4518 {
4519 	/*
4520 	 * Some password errors are reported at the beginning
4521 	 * of the error queue.
4522 	 */
4523 	if (translate_libcrypto_error(ERR_peek_error()) ==
4524 	    SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
4525 		return SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4526 	return translate_libcrypto_error(ERR_peek_last_error());
4527 }
4528 
4529 #if 0
4530 static int
4531 pem_passphrase_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u)
4532 {
4533 	char *p = (char *)u;
4534 	size_t len;
4535 
4536 	if (p == NULL || (len = strlen(p)) == 0)
4537 		return -1;
4538 	if (size < 0 || len > (size_t)size)
4539 		return -1;
4540 	memcpy(buf, p, len);
4541 	return (int)len;
4542 }
4543 #endif
4544 
4545 static int
4546 sshkey_parse_private_pem_fileblob(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4547     const char *passphrase, struct sshkey **keyp)
4548 {
4549 	EVP_PKEY *pk = NULL;
4550 	struct sshkey *prv = NULL;
4551 	BIO *bio = NULL;
4552 	int r;
4553 
4554 	if (keyp != NULL)
4555 		*keyp = NULL;
4556 
4557 	if ((bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())) == NULL || sshbuf_len(blob) > INT_MAX)
4558 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4559 	if (BIO_write(bio, sshbuf_ptr(blob), sshbuf_len(blob)) !=
4560 	    (int)sshbuf_len(blob)) {
4561 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4562 		goto out;
4563 	}
4564 
4565 	clear_libcrypto_errors();
4566 	if ((pk = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bio, NULL, NULL,
4567 	    __UNCONST(passphrase))) == NULL) {
4568 		/*
4569 		 * libcrypto may return various ASN.1 errors when attempting
4570 		 * to parse a key with an incorrect passphrase.
4571 		 * Treat all format errors as "incorrect passphrase" if a
4572 		 * passphrase was supplied.
4573 		 */
4574 		if (passphrase != NULL && *passphrase != '\0')
4575 			r = SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE;
4576 		else
4577 			r = convert_libcrypto_error();
4578 		goto out;
4579 	}
4580 	if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pk) == EVP_PKEY_RSA &&
4581 	    (type == KEY_UNSPEC || type == KEY_RSA)) {
4582 		if ((prv = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) {
4583 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4584 			goto out;
4585 		}
4586 		prv->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pk);
4587 		prv->type = KEY_RSA;
4588 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
4589 		RSA_print_fp(stderr, prv->rsa, 8);
4590 #endif
4591 		if (RSA_blinding_on(prv->rsa, NULL) != 1) {
4592 			r = SSH_ERR_LIBCRYPTO_ERROR;
4593 			goto out;
4594 		}
4595 		if ((r = sshkey_check_rsa_length(prv, 0)) != 0)
4596 			goto out;
4597 	} else if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pk) == EVP_PKEY_DSA &&
4598 	    (type == KEY_UNSPEC || type == KEY_DSA)) {
4599 		if ((prv = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) {
4600 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4601 			goto out;
4602 		}
4603 		prv->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pk);
4604 		prv->type = KEY_DSA;
4605 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
4606 		DSA_print_fp(stderr, prv->dsa, 8);
4607 #endif
4608 	} else if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pk) == EVP_PKEY_EC &&
4609 	    (type == KEY_UNSPEC || type == KEY_ECDSA)) {
4610 		if ((prv = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) {
4611 			r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4612 			goto out;
4613 		}
4614 		prv->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pk);
4615 		prv->type = KEY_ECDSA;
4616 		prv->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid(prv->ecdsa);
4617 		if (prv->ecdsa_nid == -1 ||
4618 		    sshkey_curve_nid_to_name(prv->ecdsa_nid) == NULL ||
4619 		    sshkey_ec_validate_public(EC_KEY_get0_group(prv->ecdsa),
4620 		    EC_KEY_get0_public_key(prv->ecdsa)) != 0 ||
4621 		    sshkey_ec_validate_private(prv->ecdsa) != 0) {
4622 			r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4623 			goto out;
4624 		}
4625 #ifdef DEBUG_PK
4626 		if (prv != NULL && prv->ecdsa != NULL)
4627 			sshkey_dump_ec_key(prv->ecdsa);
4628 #endif
4629 	} else {
4630 		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4631 		goto out;
4632 	}
4633 	r = 0;
4634 	if (keyp != NULL) {
4635 		*keyp = prv;
4636 		prv = NULL;
4637 	}
4638  out:
4639 	BIO_free(bio);
4640 	EVP_PKEY_free(pk);
4641 	sshkey_free(prv);
4642 	return r;
4643 }
4644 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4645 
4646 int
4647 sshkey_parse_private_fileblob_type(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4648     const char *passphrase, struct sshkey **keyp, char **commentp)
4649 {
4650 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4651 
4652 	if (keyp != NULL)
4653 		*keyp = NULL;
4654 	if (commentp != NULL)
4655 		*commentp = NULL;
4656 
4657 	switch (type) {
4658 	case KEY_ED25519:
4659 	case KEY_XMSS:
4660 		/* No fallback for new-format-only keys */
4661 		return sshkey_parse_private2(blob, type, passphrase,
4662 		    keyp, commentp);
4663 	default:
4664 		r = sshkey_parse_private2(blob, type, passphrase, keyp,
4665 		    commentp);
4666 		/* Only fallback to PEM parser if a format error occurred. */
4667 		if (r != SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT)
4668 			return r;
4669 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
4670 		return sshkey_parse_private_pem_fileblob(blob, type,
4671 		    passphrase, keyp);
4672 #else
4673 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
4674 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
4675 	}
4676 }
4677 
4678 int
4679 sshkey_parse_private_fileblob(struct sshbuf *buffer, const char *passphrase,
4680     struct sshkey **keyp, char **commentp)
4681 {
4682 	if (keyp != NULL)
4683 		*keyp = NULL;
4684 	if (commentp != NULL)
4685 		*commentp = NULL;
4686 
4687 	return sshkey_parse_private_fileblob_type(buffer, KEY_UNSPEC,
4688 	    passphrase, keyp, commentp);
4689 }
4690 
4691 void
4692 sshkey_sig_details_free(struct sshkey_sig_details *details)
4693 {
4694 	freezero(details, sizeof(*details));
4695 }
4696 
4697 int
4698 sshkey_parse_pubkey_from_private_fileblob_type(struct sshbuf *blob, int type,
4699     struct sshkey **pubkeyp)
4700 {
4701 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
4702 
4703 	if (pubkeyp != NULL)
4704 		*pubkeyp = NULL;
4705 	/* only new-format private keys bundle a public key inside */
4706 	if ((r = sshkey_parse_private2_pubkey(blob, type, pubkeyp)) != 0)
4707 		return r;
4708 	return 0;
4709 }
4710 
4711 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
4712 /*
4713  * serialize the key with the current state and forward the state
4714  * maxsign times.
4715  */
4716 int
4717 sshkey_private_serialize_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, struct sshbuf *b,
4718     u_int32_t maxsign, int printerror)
4719 {
4720 	int r, rupdate;
4721 
4722 	if (maxsign == 0 ||
4723 	    sshkey_type_plain(k->type) != KEY_XMSS)
4724 		return sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, b,
4725 		    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
4726 	if ((r = sshkey_xmss_get_state(k, printerror)) != 0 ||
4727 	    (r = sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, b,
4728 	    SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_STATE)) != 0 ||
4729 	    (r = sshkey_xmss_forward_state(k, maxsign)) != 0)
4730 		goto out;
4731 	r = 0;
4732 out:
4733 	if ((rupdate = sshkey_xmss_update_state(k, printerror)) != 0) {
4734 		if (r == 0)
4735 			r = rupdate;
4736 	}
4737 	return r;
4738 }
4739 
4740 u_int32_t
4741 sshkey_signatures_left(const struct sshkey *k)
4742 {
4743 	if (sshkey_type_plain(k->type) == KEY_XMSS)
4744 		return sshkey_xmss_signatures_left(k);
4745 	return 0;
4746 }
4747 
4748 int
4749 sshkey_enable_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, u_int32_t maxsign)
4750 {
4751 	if (sshkey_type_plain(k->type) != KEY_XMSS)
4752 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4753 	return sshkey_xmss_enable_maxsign(k, maxsign);
4754 }
4755 
4756 int
4757 sshkey_set_filename(struct sshkey *k, const char *filename)
4758 {
4759 	if (k == NULL)
4760 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4761 	if (sshkey_type_plain(k->type) != KEY_XMSS)
4762 		return 0;
4763 	if (filename == NULL)
4764 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4765 	if ((k->xmss_filename = strdup(filename)) == NULL)
4766 		return SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
4767 	return 0;
4768 }
4769 #else
4770 int
4771 sshkey_private_serialize_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, struct sshbuf *b,
4772     u_int32_t maxsign, int printerror)
4773 {
4774 	return sshkey_private_serialize_opt(k, b, SSHKEY_SERIALIZE_DEFAULT);
4775 }
4776 
4777 u_int32_t
4778 sshkey_signatures_left(const struct sshkey *k)
4779 {
4780 	return 0;
4781 }
4782 
4783 int
4784 sshkey_enable_maxsign(struct sshkey *k, u_int32_t maxsign)
4785 {
4786 	return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4787 }
4788 
4789 int
4790 sshkey_set_filename(struct sshkey *k, const char *filename)
4791 {
4792 	if (k == NULL)
4793 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
4794 	return 0;
4795 }
4796 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
4797