xref: /netbsd-src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/ssh-keygen.c (revision 946379e7b37692fc43f68eb0d1c10daa0a7f3b6c)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.19 2015/08/21 08:20:59 christos Exp $	*/
2 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.277 2015/08/19 23:17:51 djm Exp $ */
3 /*
4  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
5  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6  *                    All rights reserved
7  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8  *
9  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
10  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
11  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
12  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
13  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
14  */
15 
16 #include "includes.h"
17 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.19 2015/08/21 08:20:59 christos Exp $");
18 #include <sys/types.h>
19 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/stat.h>
21 
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 
25 #include <errno.h>
26 #include <fcntl.h>
27 #include <netdb.h>
28 #include <pwd.h>
29 #include <stdio.h>
30 #include <stdlib.h>
31 #include <string.h>
32 #include <unistd.h>
33 #include <limits.h>
34 
35 #include "xmalloc.h"
36 #include "sshkey.h"
37 #include "rsa.h"
38 #include "authfile.h"
39 #include "uuencode.h"
40 #include "sshbuf.h"
41 #include "pathnames.h"
42 #include "log.h"
43 #include "misc.h"
44 #include "match.h"
45 #include "hostfile.h"
46 #include "dns.h"
47 #include "ssh.h"
48 #include "ssh2.h"
49 #include "ssherr.h"
50 #include "atomicio.h"
51 #include "krl.h"
52 #include "digest.h"
53 
54 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
55 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
56 #endif
57 
58 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
59 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
60 #else
61 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
62 #endif
63 
64 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key.  This value can be set on the command line. */
65 #define DEFAULT_BITS		2048
66 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
67 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
68 u_int32_t bits = 0;
69 
70 /*
71  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase.  This can be
72  * set on the command line.
73  */
74 int change_passphrase = 0;
75 
76 /*
77  * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment.  This can be set
78  * on the command line.
79  */
80 int change_comment = 0;
81 
82 int quiet = 0;
83 
84 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
85 
86 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
87 int hash_hosts = 0;
88 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
89 int find_host = 0;
90 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
91 int delete_host = 0;
92 
93 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
94 int show_cert = 0;
95 
96 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
97 int print_fingerprint = 0;
98 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
99 
100 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
101 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
102 
103 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
104 char identity_file[1024];
105 int have_identity = 0;
106 
107 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
108 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
109 
110 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
111 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
112 
113 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
114 char *identity_comment = NULL;
115 
116 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
117 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
118 
119 /* Certificate serial number */
120 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
121 
122 /* Key type when certifying */
123 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
124 
125 /* "key ID" of signed key */
126 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
127 
128 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
129 char *cert_principals = NULL;
130 
131 /* Validity period for certificates */
132 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
133 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
134 
135 /* Certificate options */
136 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD	(1)
137 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD	(1<<1)
138 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD	(1<<2)
139 #define CERTOPT_PTY		(1<<3)
140 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC	(1<<4)
141 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
142 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
143 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
144 char *certflags_command = NULL;
145 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
146 
147 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
148 int convert_to = 0;
149 int convert_from = 0;
150 enum {
151 	FMT_RFC4716,
152 	FMT_PKCS8,
153 	FMT_PEM
154 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
155 int print_public = 0;
156 int print_generic = 0;
157 
158 const char *key_type_name = NULL;
159 
160 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
161 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
162 
163 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
164 int use_new_format = 0;
165 
166 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
167 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
168 
169 /*
170  * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
171  * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
172  */
173 int rounds = 0;
174 
175 /* argv0 */
176 extern char *__progname;
177 
178 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
179 
180 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
181 /* moduli.c */
182 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
183 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
184     unsigned long);
185 #endif
186 
187 static void
188 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
189 {
190 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
191 	u_int maxbits, nid;
192 #endif
193 
194 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
195 		fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
196 	if (*bitsp == 0) {
197 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
198 		if (type == KEY_DSA)
199 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
200 		else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
201 			if (name != NULL &&
202 			    (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
203 				*bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
204 			if (*bitsp == 0)
205 				*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
206 		}
207 		else
208 #endif
209 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
210 	}
211 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
212 	maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
213 	    OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
214 	if (*bitsp > maxbits)
215 		fatal("key bits exceeds maximum %d", maxbits);
216 	if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
217 		fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
218 	else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 1024)
219 		fatal("Key must at least be 1024 bits");
220 	else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
221 		fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
222 		    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
223 #endif
224 }
225 
226 static void
227 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
228 {
229 	char buf[1024];
230 	const char *name = NULL;
231 
232 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
233 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
234 	else {
235 		switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
236 		case KEY_RSA1:
237 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
238 			break;
239 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
240 		case KEY_DSA:
241 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
242 			break;
243 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
244 		case KEY_ECDSA:
245 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
246 			break;
247 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
248 		case KEY_RSA:
249 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
250 			break;
251 		case KEY_ED25519:
252 		case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
253 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
254 			break;
255 		default:
256 			fatal("bad key type");
257 		}
258 	}
259 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
260 	    "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
261 	printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
262 	fflush(stdout);
263 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
264 		exit(1);
265 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
266 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
267 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
268 	have_identity = 1;
269 }
270 
271 static struct sshkey *
272 load_identity(char *filename)
273 {
274 	char *pass;
275 	struct sshkey *prv;
276 	int r;
277 
278 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
279 		return prv;
280 	if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
281 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
282 	if (identity_passphrase)
283 		pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
284 	else
285 		pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
286 	r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
287 	explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
288 	free(pass);
289 	if (r != 0)
290 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
291 	return prv;
292 }
293 
294 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
295 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
296 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
297 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
298 
299 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
300 __dead static void
301 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
302 {
303 	size_t len;
304 	u_char *blob;
305 	char comment[61];
306 	int r;
307 
308 	if (k->type == KEY_RSA1)
309 		fatal("version 1 keys are not supported");
310 	if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0)
311 		fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
312 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
313 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
314 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
315 	    sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
316 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
317 
318 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
319 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
320 	dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
321 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
322 	sshkey_free(k);
323 	free(blob);
324 	exit(0);
325 }
326 
327 __dead static void
328 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
329 {
330 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
331 	case KEY_RSA1:
332 	case KEY_RSA:
333 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
334 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
335 		break;
336 	case KEY_DSA:
337 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
338 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
339 		break;
340 	case KEY_ECDSA:
341 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
342 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
343 		break;
344 	default:
345 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
346 	}
347 	exit(0);
348 }
349 
350 __dead static void
351 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
352 {
353 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
354 	case KEY_RSA1:
355 	case KEY_RSA:
356 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
357 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
358 		break;
359 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
360 	case KEY_DSA:
361 		if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
362 			fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
363 		break;
364 #endif
365 	/* XXX ECDSA? */
366 	default:
367 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
368 	}
369 	exit(0);
370 }
371 
372 __dead static void
373 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
374 {
375 	struct sshkey *k;
376 	struct stat st;
377 	int r;
378 
379 	if (!have_identity)
380 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
381 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
382 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
383 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
384 		k = load_identity(identity_file);
385 	switch (convert_format) {
386 	case FMT_RFC4716:
387 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
388 		break;
389 	case FMT_PKCS8:
390 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
391 		break;
392 	case FMT_PEM:
393 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
394 		break;
395 	default:
396 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
397 	}
398 	exit(0);
399 }
400 
401 /*
402  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
403  * instead of 16.
404  */
405 static void
406 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
407 {
408 	u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
409 	int r;
410 
411 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
412 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
413 	bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
414 	if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
415 		fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
416 		    __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
417 	if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
418 		fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
419 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
420 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
421 }
422 
423 static struct sshkey *
424 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
425 {
426 	struct sshbuf *b;
427 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
428 	char *type, *cipher;
429 	u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
430 	int r, rlen, ktype;
431 	u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
432 	size_t slen;
433 	u_long e;
434 
435 	if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
436 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
437 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
438 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
439 
440 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
441 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
442 		    SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
443 		sshbuf_free(b);
444 		return NULL;
445 	}
446 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
447 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
448 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
449 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
450 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
451 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
452 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
453 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
454 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
455 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
456 		free(cipher);
457 		sshbuf_free(b);
458 		free(type);
459 		return NULL;
460 	}
461 	free(cipher);
462 
463 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
464 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
465 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
466 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
467 	} else {
468 		sshbuf_free(b);
469 		free(type);
470 		return NULL;
471 	}
472 	if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
473 		fatal("key_new_private failed");
474 	free(type);
475 
476 	switch (key->type) {
477 	case KEY_DSA:
478 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
479 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
480 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
481 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
482 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
483 		break;
484 	case KEY_RSA:
485 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
486 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
487 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
488 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
489 		e = e1;
490 		debug("e %lx", e);
491 		if (e < 30) {
492 			e <<= 8;
493 			e += e2;
494 			debug("e %lx", e);
495 			e <<= 8;
496 			e += e3;
497 			debug("e %lx", e);
498 		}
499 		if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
500 			sshbuf_free(b);
501 			sshkey_free(key);
502 			return NULL;
503 		}
504 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
505 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
506 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
507 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
508 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
509 		if ((r = rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa)) != 0)
510 			fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
511 		break;
512 	}
513 	rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
514 	if (rlen != 0)
515 		error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
516 		    "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
517 	sshbuf_free(b);
518 
519 	/* try the key */
520 	if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0 ||
521 	    sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0) {
522 		sshkey_free(key);
523 		free(sig);
524 		return NULL;
525 	}
526 	free(sig);
527 	return key;
528 }
529 
530 static int
531 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
532 {
533 	int c;
534 	size_t pos = 0;
535 
536 	line[0] = '\0';
537 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
538 		if (pos >= len - 1)
539 			fatal("input line too long.");
540 		switch (c) {
541 		case '\r':
542 			c = fgetc(fp);
543 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
544 				fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
545 			return pos;
546 		case '\n':
547 			return pos;
548 		}
549 		line[pos++] = c;
550 		line[pos] = '\0';
551 	}
552 	/* We reached EOF */
553 	return -1;
554 }
555 
556 static void
557 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
558 {
559 	int r, blen, escaped = 0;
560 	u_int len;
561 	char line[1024];
562 	u_char blob[8096];
563 	char encoded[8096];
564 	FILE *fp;
565 
566 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
567 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
568 	encoded[0] = '\0';
569 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
570 		if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
571 			escaped++;
572 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
573 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
574 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
575 				*private = 1;
576 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
577 				break;
578 			}
579 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
580 			continue;
581 		}
582 		if (escaped) {
583 			escaped--;
584 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
585 			continue;
586 		}
587 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
588 	}
589 	len = strlen(encoded);
590 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
591 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
592 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
593 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
594 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
595 	blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
596 	if (blen < 0)
597 		fatal("uudecode failed.");
598 	if (*private)
599 		*k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
600 	else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0)
601 		fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
602 	fclose(fp);
603 }
604 
605 static void
606 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
607 {
608 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
609 	FILE *fp;
610 
611 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
612 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
613 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
614 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
615 		    identity_file);
616 	}
617 	fclose(fp);
618 	switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
619 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
620 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
621 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
622 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
623 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
624 		break;
625 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
626 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
627 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
628 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
629 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
630 		break;
631 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
632 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
633 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
634 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
635 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
636 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
637 		break;
638 	default:
639 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
640 		    EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
641 	}
642 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
643 	return;
644 }
645 
646 static void
647 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
648 {
649 	FILE *fp;
650 	RSA *rsa;
651 #ifdef notyet
652 	DSA *dsa;
653 #endif
654 
655 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
656 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
657 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
658 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
659 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
660 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
661 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
662 		fclose(fp);
663 		return;
664 	}
665 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
666 	rewind(fp);
667 	if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
668 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
669 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
670 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
671 		(*k)->dsa = dsa;
672 		fclose(fp);
673 		return;
674 	}
675 	/* XXX ECDSA */
676 #endif
677 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
678 }
679 
680 __dead static void
681 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
682 {
683 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
684 	int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
685 	struct stat st;
686 
687 	if (!have_identity)
688 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
689 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
690 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
691 
692 	switch (convert_format) {
693 	case FMT_RFC4716:
694 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
695 		break;
696 	case FMT_PKCS8:
697 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
698 		break;
699 	case FMT_PEM:
700 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
701 		break;
702 	default:
703 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
704 	}
705 
706 	if (!private) {
707 		if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
708 			ok = 1;
709 		if (ok)
710 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
711 	} else {
712 		switch (k->type) {
713 		case KEY_DSA:
714 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
715 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
716 			break;
717 		case KEY_ECDSA:
718 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
719 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
720 			break;
721 		case KEY_RSA:
722 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
723 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
724 			break;
725 		default:
726 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
727 			    sshkey_type(k));
728 		}
729 	}
730 
731 	if (!ok)
732 		fatal("key write failed");
733 	sshkey_free(k);
734 	exit(0);
735 }
736 #endif
737 
738 __dead static void
739 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
740 {
741 	struct sshkey *prv;
742 	struct stat st;
743 	int r;
744 
745 	if (!have_identity)
746 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
747 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
748 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
749 	prv = load_identity(identity_file);
750 	if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
751 		error("key_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
752 	sshkey_free(prv);
753 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
754 	exit(0);
755 }
756 
757 __dead static void
758 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
759 {
760 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
761 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
762 	int i, nkeys;
763 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
764 	int fptype;
765 	char *fp, *ra;
766 
767 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
768 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
769 
770 	pkcs11_init(0);
771 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
772 	if (nkeys <= 0)
773 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
774 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
775 		if (print_fingerprint) {
776 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
777 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
778 			    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
779 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
780 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
781 			printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
782 			    fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
783 			if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
784 				printf("%s\n", ra);
785 			free(ra);
786 			free(fp);
787 		} else {
788 			(void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
789 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
790 		}
791 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
792 	}
793 	free(keys);
794 	pkcs11_terminate();
795 	exit(0);
796 #else
797 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
798 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
799 }
800 
801 __dead static void
802 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
803 {
804 	FILE *f;
805 	struct sshkey *public;
806 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
807 	int r, i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
808 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
809 	int fptype;
810 	struct stat st;
811 
812 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
813 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
814 	if (!have_identity)
815 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
816 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
817 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
818 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &public, &comment)) != 0)
819 		debug2("Error loading public key \"%s\": %s",
820 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
821 	else {
822 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
823 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
824 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
825 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
826 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
827 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp, comment,
828 		    sshkey_type(public));
829 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
830 			printf("%s\n", ra);
831 		sshkey_free(public);
832 		free(comment);
833 		free(ra);
834 		free(fp);
835 		exit(0);
836 	}
837 	if (comment) {
838 		free(comment);
839 		comment = NULL;
840 	}
841 
842 	if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
843 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
844 
845 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
846 		if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
847 			error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
848 			    num + 1, line);
849 			skip = 1;
850 			continue;
851 		}
852 		num++;
853 		if (skip) {
854 			skip = 0;
855 			continue;
856 		}
857 		*cp = '\0';
858 
859 		/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
860 		for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
861 			;
862 		if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
863 			continue;
864 		i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
865 		if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
866 			int quoted = 0;
867 			comment = cp;
868 			for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
869 			    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
870 				if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
871 					cp++;	/* Skip both */
872 				else if (*cp == '"')
873 					quoted = !quoted;
874 			}
875 			if (!*cp)
876 				continue;
877 			*cp++ = '\0';
878 		}
879 		ep = cp;
880 		if ((public = sshkey_new(KEY_RSA1)) == NULL)
881 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
882 		if ((r = sshkey_read(public, &cp)) != 0) {
883 			cp = ep;
884 			sshkey_free(public);
885 			if ((public = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
886 				fatal("sshkey_new failed");
887 			if ((r = sshkey_read(public, &cp)) != 0) {
888 				sshkey_free(public);
889 				continue;
890 			}
891 		}
892 		comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
893 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
894 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
895 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
896 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
897 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
898 		printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
899 		    comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
900 		if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
901 			printf("%s\n", ra);
902 		free(ra);
903 		free(fp);
904 		sshkey_free(public);
905 		invalid = 0;
906 	}
907 	fclose(f);
908 
909 	if (invalid)
910 		fatal("%s is not a public key file.", identity_file);
911 	exit(0);
912 }
913 
914 static void
915 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
916 {
917 	struct {
918 		const char *key_type;
919 		const char *key_type_display;
920 		const char *path;
921 	} key_types[] = {
922 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
923 #ifdef WITH_SSH1
924 		{ "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
925 #endif /* WITH_SSH1 */
926 		{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
927 		{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
928 		{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
929 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
930 		{ "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
931 		{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
932 	};
933 
934 	int first = 0;
935 	struct stat st;
936 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
937 	char comment[1024];
938 	int i, type, fd, r;
939 	FILE *f;
940 
941 	for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
942 		if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
943 			continue;
944 		if (errno != ENOENT) {
945 			error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
946 			    strerror(errno));
947 			first = 0;
948 			continue;
949 		}
950 
951 		if (first == 0) {
952 			first = 1;
953 			printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
954 		}
955 		printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
956 		fflush(stdout);
957 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
958 		strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
959 		bits = 0;
960 		type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
961 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
962 			error("key_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
963 			first = 0;
964 			continue;
965 		}
966 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
967 			fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
968 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
969 		    hostname);
970 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, "",
971 		    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
972 			error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
973 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
974 			sshkey_free(private);
975 			sshkey_free(public);
976 			first = 0;
977 			continue;
978 		}
979 		sshkey_free(private);
980 		strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
981 		fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
982 		if (fd == -1) {
983 			error("Could not save your public key in %s",
984 			    identity_file);
985 			sshkey_free(public);
986 			first = 0;
987 			continue;
988 		}
989 		f = fdopen(fd, "w");
990 		if (f == NULL) {
991 			error("fdopen %s failed", identity_file);
992 			close(fd);
993 			sshkey_free(public);
994 			first = 0;
995 			continue;
996 		}
997 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
998 			error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
999 			fclose(f);
1000 			sshkey_free(public);
1001 			first = 0;
1002 			continue;
1003 		}
1004 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1005 		fclose(f);
1006 		sshkey_free(public);
1007 
1008 	}
1009 	if (first != 0)
1010 		printf("\n");
1011 }
1012 
1013 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1014 	const char *host;	/* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1015 	FILE *out;		/* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1016 	int has_unhashed;	/* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1017 	int found_key;		/* For find/delete, host was found */
1018 	int invalid;		/* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1019 };
1020 
1021 static int
1022 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1023 {
1024 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1025 	char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1026 	int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1027 
1028 	switch (l->status) {
1029 	case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1030 	case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1031 		/*
1032 		 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1033 		 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1034 		 */
1035 		if ((l->match & HKF_MATCH_HOST_HASHED) != 0 ||
1036 		    has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1037 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1038 			if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1039 				logit("%s:%ld: ignoring host name "
1040 				    "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1041 				    l->linenum, l->hosts);
1042 			}
1043 			return 0;
1044 		}
1045 		/*
1046 		 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1047 		 * hash and store separately.
1048 		 */
1049 		ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1050 		while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1051 			if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1052 				fatal("hash_host failed");
1053 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1054 			ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1055 		}
1056 		free(ohosts);
1057 		return 0;
1058 	case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1059 		/* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1060 		ctx->invalid = 1;
1061 		logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1062 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
1063 	default:
1064 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1065 		return 0;
1066 	}
1067 	/* NOTREACHED */
1068 	return -1;
1069 }
1070 
1071 static int
1072 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1073 {
1074 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1075 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1076 	int fptype;
1077 	char *fp;
1078 
1079 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1080 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1081 
1082 	if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1083 		if (delete_host) {
1084 			if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1085 				/* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1086 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1087 			} else {
1088 				/*
1089 				 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1090 				 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1091 				 * line to ctx->out.
1092 				 */
1093 				ctx->found_key = 1;
1094 				if (!quiet)
1095 					printf("# Host %s found: line %ld\n",
1096 					    ctx->host, l->linenum);
1097 			}
1098 			return 0;
1099 		} else if (find_host) {
1100 			ctx->found_key = 1;
1101 			if (!quiet) {
1102 				printf("# Host %s found: line %ld %s\n",
1103 				    ctx->host,
1104 				    l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1105 				    (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1106 			}
1107 			if (hash_hosts)
1108 				known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1109 			else if (print_fingerprint) {
1110 				fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1111 				printf("%s %s %s %s\n", ctx->host,
1112 				    sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment);
1113 				free(fp);
1114 			} else
1115 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1116 			return 0;
1117 		}
1118 	} else if (delete_host) {
1119 		/* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1120 		if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1121 			ctx->invalid = 1;
1122 			logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1123 		}
1124 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1125 	}
1126 	return 0;
1127 }
1128 
1129 __dead static void
1130 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1131 {
1132 	char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1133 	int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1134 	struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1135 	u_int foreach_options;
1136 
1137 	if (!have_identity) {
1138 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1139 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1140 		    sizeof(identity_file))
1141 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1142 		free(cp);
1143 		have_identity = 1;
1144 	}
1145 
1146 	memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1147 	ctx.out = stdout;
1148 	ctx.host = name;
1149 
1150 	/*
1151 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1152 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1153 	 */
1154 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1155 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1156 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1157 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1158 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1159 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1160 		umask(077);
1161 		if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1162 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1163 		if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1164 			oerrno = errno;
1165 			unlink(tmp);
1166 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1167 		}
1168 		inplace = 1;
1169 	}
1170 
1171 	/* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1172 	foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1173 	foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1174 	if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1175 	    hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1176 	    name, NULL, foreach_options)) != 0)
1177 		fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1178 
1179 	if (inplace)
1180 		fclose(ctx.out);
1181 
1182 	if (ctx.invalid) {
1183 		error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1184 		if (inplace) {
1185 			error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1186 			    "file because of errors");
1187 			unlink(tmp);
1188 		}
1189 		exit(1);
1190 	} else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1191 		logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1192 		if (inplace)
1193 			unlink(tmp);
1194 	} else if (inplace) {
1195 		/* Backup existing file */
1196 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1197 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1198 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1199 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1200 			    strerror(errno));
1201 		/* Move new one into place */
1202 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1203 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1204 			    strerror(errno));
1205 			unlink(tmp);
1206 			unlink(old);
1207 			exit(1);
1208 		}
1209 
1210 		printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1211 		printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1212 		if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1213 			logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1214 			logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1215 			    "of hostnames");
1216 		}
1217 	}
1218 
1219 	exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1220 }
1221 
1222 /*
1223  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1224  * for the current user.
1225  */
1226 __dead static void
1227 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1228 {
1229 	char *comment;
1230 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1231 	struct stat st;
1232 	struct sshkey *private;
1233 	int r;
1234 
1235 	if (!have_identity)
1236 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1237 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1238 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1239 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1240 	r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1241 	if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1242 		if (identity_passphrase)
1243 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1244 		else
1245 			old_passphrase =
1246 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1247 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1248 		r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1249 		    &private, &comment);
1250 		explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1251 		free(old_passphrase);
1252 		if (r != 0)
1253 			goto badkey;
1254 	} else if (r != 0) {
1255  badkey:
1256 		fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1257 	}
1258 	if (comment)
1259 		printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1260 
1261 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1262 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1263 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1264 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1265 	} else {
1266 		passphrase1 =
1267 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1268 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1269 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1270 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1271 
1272 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1273 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1274 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1275 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1276 			free(passphrase1);
1277 			free(passphrase2);
1278 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1279 			exit(1);
1280 		}
1281 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1282 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1283 		free(passphrase2);
1284 	}
1285 
1286 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1287 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1288 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1289 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1290 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1291 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1292 		free(passphrase1);
1293 		sshkey_free(private);
1294 		free(comment);
1295 		exit(1);
1296 	}
1297 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1298 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1299 	free(passphrase1);
1300 	sshkey_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1301 	free(comment);
1302 
1303 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1304 	exit(0);
1305 }
1306 
1307 /*
1308  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1309  */
1310 static int
1311 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, const char *fname,
1312     const char *hname)
1313 {
1314 	struct sshkey *public;
1315 	char *comment = NULL;
1316 	struct stat st;
1317 	int r;
1318 
1319 	if (fname == NULL)
1320 		fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1321 	if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1322 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1323 			return 0;
1324 		fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1325 	}
1326 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1327 		fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1328 		    fname, ssh_err(r));
1329 	export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1330 	sshkey_free(public);
1331 	free(comment);
1332 	return 1;
1333 }
1334 
1335 /*
1336  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1337  */
1338 __dead static void
1339 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1340 {
1341 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1342 	struct sshkey *private;
1343 	struct sshkey *public;
1344 	struct stat st;
1345 	FILE *f;
1346 	int r, fd;
1347 
1348 	if (!have_identity)
1349 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1350 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1351 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1352 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1353 	    &private, &comment)) == 0)
1354 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1355 	else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1356 		fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1357 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1358 	else {
1359 		if (identity_passphrase)
1360 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1361 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1362 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1363 		else
1364 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1365 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1366 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1367 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1368 		    &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1369 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1370 			free(passphrase);
1371 			fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1372 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1373 		}
1374 	}
1375 	/* XXX what about new-format keys? */
1376 	if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1377 		error("Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.");
1378 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1379 		sshkey_free(private);
1380 		exit(1);
1381 	}
1382 	printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1383 
1384 	if (identity_comment) {
1385 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1386 	} else {
1387 		printf("Enter new comment: ");
1388 		fflush(stdout);
1389 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1390 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1391 			sshkey_free(private);
1392 			exit(1);
1393 		}
1394 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1395 	}
1396 
1397 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1398 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1399 	    new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1400 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1401 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1402 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1403 		free(passphrase);
1404 		sshkey_free(private);
1405 		free(comment);
1406 		exit(1);
1407 	}
1408 	explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1409 	free(passphrase);
1410 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1411 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1412 	sshkey_free(private);
1413 
1414 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1415 	fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1416 	if (fd == -1)
1417 		fatal("Could not save your public key in %s", identity_file);
1418 	f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1419 	if (f == NULL)
1420 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1421 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1422 		fatal("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1423 	sshkey_free(public);
1424 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1425 	fclose(f);
1426 
1427 	free(comment);
1428 
1429 	printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1430 	exit(0);
1431 }
1432 
1433 static const char *
1434 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1435 {
1436 	char from[32], to[32];
1437 	static char ret[64];
1438 	time_t tt;
1439 	struct tm *tm;
1440 
1441 	*from = *to = '\0';
1442 	if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1443 		return "forever";
1444 
1445 	if (valid_from != 0) {
1446 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1447 		tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1448 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1449 		strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1450 	}
1451 	if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1452 		/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1453 		tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1454 		tm = localtime(&tt);
1455 		strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1456 	}
1457 
1458 	if (valid_from == 0) {
1459 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1460 		return ret;
1461 	}
1462 	if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1463 		snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1464 		return ret;
1465 	}
1466 
1467 	snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1468 	return ret;
1469 }
1470 
1471 static void
1472 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1473 {
1474 	int r;
1475 
1476 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1477 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1478 	    (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1479 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1480 }
1481 
1482 static void
1483 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1484 {
1485 	struct sshbuf *b;
1486 	int r;
1487 
1488 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1489 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1490 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1491 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1492 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1493 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1494 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1495 
1496 	sshbuf_free(b);
1497 }
1498 
1499 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1500 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1501 static void
1502 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1503 {
1504 	sshbuf_reset(c);
1505 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1506 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1507 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1508 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1509 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1510 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1511 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1512 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1513 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1514 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1515 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1516 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1517 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1518 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1519 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1520 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1521 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1522 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1523 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1524 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1525 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1526 }
1527 
1528 static struct sshkey *
1529 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1530 {
1531 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1532 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1533 	int r, i, nkeys;
1534 
1535 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1536 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1537 		    path, ssh_err(r));
1538 
1539 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1540 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1541 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1542 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1543 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1544 		if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1545 			private = keys[i];
1546 			continue;
1547 		}
1548 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1549 	}
1550 	free(keys);
1551 	sshkey_free(public);
1552 	return private;
1553 #else
1554 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1555 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1556 }
1557 
1558 __dead static void
1559 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1560 {
1561 	int r, i, fd;
1562 	u_int n;
1563 	struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1564 	char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1565 	FILE *f;
1566 
1567 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1568 	pkcs11_init(1);
1569 #endif
1570 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1571 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1572 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1573 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1574 	} else
1575 		ca = load_identity(tmp);
1576 	free(tmp);
1577 
1578 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1579 		/* Split list of principals */
1580 		n = 0;
1581 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1582 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1583 			plist = NULL;
1584 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1585 				plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1586 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1587 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1588 			}
1589 			free(otmp);
1590 		}
1591 
1592 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1593 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1594 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1595 			    __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1596 		if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1597 		    public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1598 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1599 			    __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1600 
1601 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1602 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1603 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1604 			    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1605 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1606 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1607 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1608 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1609 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1610 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1611 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1612 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1613 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1614 		    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1615 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1616 		    &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1617 			fatal("key_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1618 
1619 		if (sshkey_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1620 			fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1621 
1622 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1623 			*cp = '\0';
1624 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1625 		free(tmp);
1626 
1627 		if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1628 			fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1629 			    strerror(errno));
1630 		if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1631 			fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1632 		if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1633 			fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1634 			    out, ssh_err(r));
1635 		fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1636 		fclose(f);
1637 
1638 		if (!quiet) {
1639 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1640 			    "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1641 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1642 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1643 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1644 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1645 			    fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1646 		}
1647 
1648 		sshkey_free(public);
1649 		free(out);
1650 	}
1651 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1652 	pkcs11_terminate();
1653 #endif
1654 	exit(0);
1655 }
1656 
1657 static u_int64_t
1658 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1659 {
1660 	int64_t mul, secs;
1661 
1662 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1663 
1664 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1665 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1666 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1667 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1668 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1669 }
1670 
1671 static u_int64_t
1672 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1673 {
1674 	struct tm tm;
1675 	time_t tt;
1676 	char buf[32];
1677 	const char *fmt;
1678 
1679 	/*
1680 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1681 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1682 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1683 	 */
1684 	switch (strlen(s)) {
1685 	case 8:
1686 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
1687 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1688 		break;
1689 	case 14:
1690 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1691 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1692 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1693 		break;
1694 	default:
1695 		fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1696 	}
1697 
1698 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1699 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1700 		fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1701 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1702 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1703 	return (u_int64_t)tt;
1704 }
1705 
1706 static void
1707 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1708 {
1709 	char *from, *to;
1710 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1711 	int64_t secs;
1712 
1713 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1714 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1715 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1716 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1717 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1718 		/*
1719 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1720 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1721 		 */
1722 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1723 		return;
1724 	}
1725 
1726 	/*
1727 	 * from:to, where
1728 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1729 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1730 	 */
1731 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1732 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1733 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1734 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1735 	*to++ = '\0';
1736 
1737 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1738 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1739 	else
1740 		cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1741 
1742 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1743 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1744 	else
1745 		cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1746 
1747 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1748 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1749 	free(from);
1750 }
1751 
1752 static void
1753 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1754 {
1755 	char *val;
1756 
1757 	if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1758 		certflags_flags = 0;
1759 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1760 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1761 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1762 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1763 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1764 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1765 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1766 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1767 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1768 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1769 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1770 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1771 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1772 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1773 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1774 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1775 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1776 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1777 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1778 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1779 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1780 		val = opt + 14;
1781 		if (*val == '\0')
1782 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1783 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1784 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1785 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1786 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1787 		val = opt + 15;
1788 		if (*val == '\0')
1789 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1790 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1791 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1792 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1793 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1794 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1795 	} else
1796 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1797 }
1798 
1799 static void
1800 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1801 {
1802 	char *name, *arg;
1803 	struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1804 	int r;
1805 
1806 	if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1807 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1808 	while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1809 		sshbuf_free(option);
1810 		option = NULL;
1811 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1812 		    (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1813 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1814 		printf("                %s", name);
1815 		if (!in_critical &&
1816 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1817 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1818 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1819 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1820 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1821 			printf("\n");
1822 		else if (in_critical &&
1823 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1824 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1825 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1826 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1827 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1828 			printf(" %s\n", arg);
1829 			free(arg);
1830 		} else {
1831 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1832 			    sshbuf_len(option));
1833 			sshbuf_reset(option);
1834 		}
1835 		free(name);
1836 		if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1837 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1838 	}
1839 	sshbuf_free(option);
1840 	sshbuf_free(options);
1841 }
1842 
1843 __dead static void
1844 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1845 {
1846 	struct sshkey *key;
1847 	struct stat st;
1848 	char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1849 	u_int i;
1850 	int r;
1851 
1852 	if (!have_identity)
1853 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1854 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1855 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1856 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &key, NULL)) != 0)
1857 		fatal("Cannot load public key \"%s\": %s",
1858 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1859 	if (!sshkey_is_cert(key))
1860 		fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1861 
1862 	key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1863 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1864 	    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1865 	if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1866 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1867 
1868 	printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1869 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1870 	    sshkey_cert_type(key));
1871 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1872 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1873 	    sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1874 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1875 	printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1876 	printf("        Valid: %s\n",
1877 	    fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1878 	printf("        Principals: ");
1879 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1880 		printf("(none)\n");
1881 	else {
1882 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1883 			printf("\n                %s",
1884 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
1885 		printf("\n");
1886 	}
1887 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
1888 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1889 		printf("(none)\n");
1890 	else {
1891 		printf("\n");
1892 		show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
1893 	}
1894 	printf("        Extensions: ");
1895 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1896 		printf("(none)\n");
1897 	else {
1898 		printf("\n");
1899 		show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
1900 	}
1901 	exit(0);
1902 }
1903 
1904 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1905 static void
1906 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1907 {
1908 	struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
1909 	int r, fd;
1910 
1911 	if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1912 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1913 	if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1914 		fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1915 	if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
1916 		fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
1917 	close(fd);
1918 	/* XXX check sigs */
1919 	if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
1920 	    *krlp == NULL)
1921 		fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
1922 	sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
1923 }
1924 
1925 static void
1926 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
1927     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
1928 {
1929 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1930 	u_long lnum = 0;
1931 	char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1932 	unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1933 	int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1934 	FILE *krl_spec;
1935 
1936 	path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
1937 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1938 		krl_spec = stdin;
1939 		free(path);
1940 		path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
1941 	} else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
1942 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1943 
1944 	if (!quiet)
1945 		printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
1946 	while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
1947 	    &lnum) == 0) {
1948 		was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
1949 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1950 		/* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
1951 		for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1952 			if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
1953 				cp[i] = '\0';
1954 				break;
1955 			}
1956 			if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
1957 				/* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
1958 				if (r == -1)
1959 					r = i;
1960 			} else
1961 				r = -1;
1962 		}
1963 		if (r != -1)
1964 			cp[r] = '\0';
1965 		if (*cp == '\0')
1966 			continue;
1967 		if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
1968 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
1969 				fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
1970 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
1971 			}
1972 			cp += 7;
1973 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
1974 			errno = 0;
1975 			serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
1976 			if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
1977 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
1978 				    path, lnum, cp);
1979 			if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
1980 				fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
1981 				    path, lnum);
1982 			serial2 = serial;
1983 			if (*ep == '-') {
1984 				cp = ep + 1;
1985 				errno = 0;
1986 				serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
1987 				if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
1988 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
1989 					    path, lnum, cp);
1990 				if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
1991 					fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
1992 					    path, lnum);
1993 				if (serial2 <= serial)
1994 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
1995 					    "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
1996 					    (unsigned long long)serial,
1997 					    (unsigned long long)serial2);
1998 			}
1999 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2000 			    ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2001 				fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2002 				    __func__);
2003 			}
2004 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2005 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2006 				fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2007 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2008 			}
2009 			cp += 3;
2010 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2011 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2012 				fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2013 		} else {
2014 			if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2015 				cp += 4;
2016 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2017 				was_explicit_key = 1;
2018 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2019 				cp += 5;
2020 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2021 				was_sha1 = 1;
2022 			} else {
2023 				/*
2024 				 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2025 				 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2026 				 */
2027 			}
2028 			if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2029 				fatal("key_new");
2030 			if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2031 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2032 				    path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2033 			if (was_explicit_key)
2034 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2035 			else if (was_sha1)
2036 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2037 			else
2038 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2039 			if (r != 0)
2040 				fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2041 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2042 			sshkey_free(key);
2043 		}
2044 	}
2045 	if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2046 		fclose(krl_spec);
2047 	free(path);
2048 }
2049 
2050 static void
2051 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2052 {
2053 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2054 	struct stat sb;
2055 	struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2056 	int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2057 	char *tmp;
2058 	struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2059 
2060 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2061 		fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2062 	if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2063 		if (errno != ENOENT)
2064 			fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2065 			    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2066 		if (updating)
2067 			fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2068 	}
2069 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2070 		if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2071 			wild_ca = 1;
2072 		else {
2073 			tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2074 			if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2075 				fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2076 				    tmp, ssh_err(r));
2077 			free(tmp);
2078 		}
2079 	}
2080 
2081 	if (updating)
2082 		load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2083 	else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2084 		fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2085 
2086 	if (cert_serial != 0)
2087 		ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2088 	if (identity_comment != NULL)
2089 		ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2090 
2091 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2092 		update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2093 
2094 	if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2095 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2096 	if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2097 		fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2098 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2099 		fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2100 	if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, __UNCONST(sshbuf_ptr(kbuf)), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2101 	    sshbuf_len(kbuf))
2102 		fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2103 	close(fd);
2104 	sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2105 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2106 	if (ca != NULL)
2107 		sshkey_free(ca);
2108 }
2109 
2110 __dead static void
2111 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2112 {
2113 	int i, r, ret = 0;
2114 	char *comment;
2115 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2116 	struct sshkey *k;
2117 
2118 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2119 		fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2120 	load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2121 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2122 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2123 			fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2124 			    argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2125 		r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2126 		printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2127 		    *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2128 		    r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2129 		if (r != 0)
2130 			ret = 1;
2131 		sshkey_free(k);
2132 		free(comment);
2133 	}
2134 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2135 	exit(ret);
2136 }
2137 #endif
2138 
2139 __dead static void
2140 usage(void)
2141 {
2142 	fprintf(stderr,
2143 	    "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa | rsa1]\n"
2144 	    "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2145 	    "       ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2146 	    "       ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2147 	    "       ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2148 	    "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2149 	    "       ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2150 	    "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2151 	    "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2152 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2153 	fprintf(stderr,
2154 	    "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2155 #endif
2156 	fprintf(stderr,
2157 	    "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2158 	    "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2159 	    "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2160 	    "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2161 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2162 	    "       ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2163 	    "       ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2164 	    "                  [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2165 #endif
2166 	    "       ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2167 	    "                  [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2168 	    "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2169 	    "       ssh-keygen -A\n"
2170 	    "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2171 	    "                  file ...\n"
2172 	    "       ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2173 	exit(1);
2174 }
2175 
2176 /*
2177  * Main program for key management.
2178  */
2179 int
2180 main(int argc, char **argv)
2181 {
2182 	char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2183 	char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2184 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
2185 	struct passwd *pw;
2186 	struct stat st;
2187 	int r, opt, type, fd;
2188 	int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2189 	FILE *f;
2190 	const char *errstr;
2191 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2192 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2193 	char out_file[PATH_MAX], *checkpoint = NULL;
2194 	u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2195 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2196 	unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2197 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2198 #endif
2199 
2200 	extern int optind;
2201 	extern char *optarg;
2202 
2203 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2204 	sanitise_stdfd();
2205 
2206 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2207 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2208 
2209 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
2210 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2211 	if (!pw)
2212 		fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
2213 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0)
2214 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
2215 
2216 	/* Remaining characters: UYdw */
2217 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2218 	    "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2219 	    "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2220 		switch (opt) {
2221 		case 'A':
2222 			gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2223 			break;
2224 		case 'b':
2225 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2226 			if (errstr)
2227 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2228 					optarg, errstr);
2229 			break;
2230 		case 'E':
2231 			fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2232 			if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2233 				fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2234 			break;
2235 		case 'F':
2236 			find_host = 1;
2237 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2238 			break;
2239 		case 'H':
2240 			hash_hosts = 1;
2241 			break;
2242 		case 'I':
2243 			cert_key_id = optarg;
2244 			break;
2245 		case 'R':
2246 			delete_host = 1;
2247 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2248 			break;
2249 		case 'L':
2250 			show_cert = 1;
2251 			break;
2252 		case 'l':
2253 			print_fingerprint = 1;
2254 			break;
2255 		case 'B':
2256 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
2257 			break;
2258 		case 'm':
2259 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2260 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2261 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2262 				break;
2263 			}
2264 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2265 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2266 				break;
2267 			}
2268 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2269 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2270 				break;
2271 			}
2272 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2273 		case 'n':
2274 			cert_principals = optarg;
2275 			break;
2276 		case 'o':
2277 			use_new_format = 1;
2278 			break;
2279 		case 'p':
2280 			change_passphrase = 1;
2281 			break;
2282 		case 'c':
2283 			change_comment = 1;
2284 			break;
2285 		case 'f':
2286 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
2287 			    sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
2288 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
2289 			have_identity = 1;
2290 			break;
2291 		case 'g':
2292 			print_generic = 1;
2293 			break;
2294 		case 'P':
2295 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
2296 			break;
2297 		case 'N':
2298 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2299 			break;
2300 		case 'Q':
2301 			check_krl = 1;
2302 			break;
2303 		case 'O':
2304 			add_cert_option(optarg);
2305 			break;
2306 		case 'Z':
2307 			new_format_cipher = optarg;
2308 			break;
2309 		case 'C':
2310 			identity_comment = optarg;
2311 			break;
2312 		case 'q':
2313 			quiet = 1;
2314 			break;
2315 		case 'e':
2316 		case 'x':
2317 			/* export key */
2318 			convert_to = 1;
2319 			break;
2320 		case 'h':
2321 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2322 			certflags_flags = 0;
2323 			break;
2324 		case 'k':
2325 			gen_krl = 1;
2326 			break;
2327 		case 'i':
2328 		case 'X':
2329 			/* import key */
2330 			convert_from = 1;
2331 			break;
2332 		case 'y':
2333 			print_public = 1;
2334 			break;
2335 		case 's':
2336 			ca_key_path = optarg;
2337 			break;
2338 		case 't':
2339 			key_type_name = optarg;
2340 			break;
2341 		case 'D':
2342 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
2343 			break;
2344 		case 'u':
2345 			update_krl = 1;
2346 			break;
2347 		case 'v':
2348 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2349 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2350 			else {
2351 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2352 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2353 					log_level++;
2354 			}
2355 			break;
2356 		case 'r':
2357 			rr_hostname = optarg;
2358 			break;
2359 		case 'a':
2360 			rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2361 			if (errstr)
2362 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2363 					optarg, errstr);
2364 			break;
2365 		case 'V':
2366 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
2367 			break;
2368 		case 'z':
2369 			errno = 0;
2370 			cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2371 			if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2372 			    (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2373 				fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2374 			break;
2375 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2376 		/* Moduli generation/screening */
2377 		case 'G':
2378 			do_gen_candidates = 1;
2379 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2380 			    sizeof(out_file))
2381 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2382 			break;
2383 		case 'J':
2384 			lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2385                         break;
2386 		case 'j':
2387 			start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2388                         break;
2389 		case 'K':
2390 			if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2391 				fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2392 			checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2393 			break;
2394 		case 'M':
2395 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX,
2396 			    &errstr);
2397 			if (errstr)
2398 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2399 			break;
2400 		case 'S':
2401 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2402 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2403 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
2404 			break;
2405 		case 'T':
2406 			do_screen_candidates = 1;
2407 			if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2408 			    sizeof(out_file))
2409 				fatal("Output filename too long");
2410 			break;
2411 		case 'W':
2412 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2413 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2414 			if (errstr != NULL)
2415 				fatal("Desired generator invalid: %s (%s)",
2416 				    optarg, errstr);
2417 			break;
2418 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2419 		case '?':
2420 		default:
2421 			usage();
2422 		}
2423 	}
2424 
2425 	/* reinit */
2426 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2427 
2428 	argv += optind;
2429 	argc -= optind;
2430 
2431 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2432 		if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2433 			error("Too few arguments.");
2434 			usage();
2435 		}
2436 	} else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2437 		error("Too many arguments.");
2438 		usage();
2439 	}
2440 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2441 		error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
2442 		usage();
2443 	}
2444 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2445 		error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
2446 		usage();
2447 	}
2448 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2449 	if (gen_krl) {
2450 		do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2451 		return (0);
2452 	}
2453 	if (check_krl) {
2454 		do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2455 		return (0);
2456 	}
2457 #endif
2458 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2459 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2460 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2461 		do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2462 	}
2463 	if (show_cert)
2464 		do_show_cert(pw);
2465 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2466 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2467 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2468 		do_download(pw);
2469 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2470 		do_fingerprint(pw);
2471 	if (change_passphrase)
2472 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
2473 	if (change_comment)
2474 		do_change_comment(pw);
2475 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2476 	if (convert_to)
2477 		do_convert_to(pw);
2478 	if (convert_from)
2479 		do_convert_from(pw);
2480 #endif
2481 	if (print_public)
2482 		do_print_public(pw);
2483 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2484 		unsigned int n = 0;
2485 
2486 		if (have_identity) {
2487 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2488 			    identity_file, rr_hostname);
2489 			if (n == 0)
2490 				fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2491 			exit(0);
2492 		} else {
2493 
2494 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2495 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2496 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2497 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2498 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2499 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2500 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2501 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2502 			if (n == 0)
2503 				fatal("no keys found.");
2504 			exit(0);
2505 		}
2506 	}
2507 
2508 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2509 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
2510 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2511 
2512 		if (out == NULL) {
2513 			error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2514 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2515 			return (1);
2516 		}
2517 		if (bits == 0)
2518 			bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2519 		if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2520 			fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2521 
2522 		return (0);
2523 	}
2524 
2525 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
2526 		FILE *in;
2527 		FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2528 
2529 		if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2530 			if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2531 				fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2532 				    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2533 				    strerror(errno));
2534 			}
2535 		} else
2536 			in = stdin;
2537 
2538 		if (out == NULL) {
2539 			fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2540 			    out_file, strerror(errno));
2541 		}
2542 		if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2543 		    generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2544 		    start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2545 			fatal("modulus screening failed");
2546 		return (0);
2547 	}
2548 #endif
2549 
2550 	if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2551 		do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2552 		return (0);
2553 	}
2554 
2555 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
2556 		key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
2557 
2558 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2559 	type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2560 
2561 	if (!quiet)
2562 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2563 		    key_type_name);
2564 	if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
2565 		fatal("key_generate failed");
2566 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
2567 		fatal("key_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2568 
2569 	if (!have_identity)
2570 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2571 
2572 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2573 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2574 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2575 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2576 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2577 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
2578 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2579 				    strerror(errno));
2580 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2581 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2582 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2583 			} else if (!quiet)
2584 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2585 		}
2586 	}
2587 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2588 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2589 		char yesno[3];
2590 		printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2591 		printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2592 		fflush(stdout);
2593 		if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2594 			exit(1);
2595 		if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2596 			exit(1);
2597 	}
2598 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2599 	if (identity_passphrase)
2600 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2601 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2602 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2603 	else {
2604 passphrase_again:
2605 		passphrase1 =
2606 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2607 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2608 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2609 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2610 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2611 			/*
2612 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2613 			 * retry.
2614 			 */
2615 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2616 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2617 			free(passphrase1);
2618 			free(passphrase2);
2619 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2620 			goto passphrase_again;
2621 		}
2622 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2623 		explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2624 		free(passphrase2);
2625 	}
2626 
2627 	if (identity_comment) {
2628 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2629 	} else {
2630 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2631 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2632 	}
2633 
2634 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2635 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2636 	    comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2637 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2638 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2639 		explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2640 		free(passphrase1);
2641 		exit(1);
2642 	}
2643 	/* Clear the passphrase. */
2644 	explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2645 	free(passphrase1);
2646 
2647 	/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2648 	sshkey_free(private);
2649 
2650 	if (!quiet)
2651 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2652 
2653 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2654 	if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2655 		fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
2656 		    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2657 	if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
2658 		fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2659 	if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2660 		error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2661 	fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2662 	fclose(f);
2663 
2664 	if (!quiet) {
2665 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2666 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2667 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2668 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
2669 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2670 			fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2671 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2672 		    identity_file);
2673 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2674 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2675 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2676 		printf("%s\n", ra);
2677 		free(ra);
2678 		free(fp);
2679 	}
2680 
2681 	sshkey_free(public);
2682 	exit(0);
2683 }
2684