xref: /netbsd-src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/ssh-keygen.c (revision 627f7eb200a4419d89b531d55fccd2ee3ffdcde0)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.38 2021/03/05 17:47:16 christos Exp $	*/
2 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.427 2020/12/20 23:36:51 djm Exp $ */
3 
4 /*
5  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
6  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
7  *                    All rights reserved
8  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
9  *
10  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
11  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
12  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
13  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
14  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
15  */
16 
17 #include "includes.h"
18 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.38 2021/03/05 17:47:16 christos Exp $");
19 #include <sys/types.h>
20 #include <sys/socket.h>
21 #include <sys/stat.h>
22 
23 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
24 #include <openssl/evp.h>
25 #include <openssl/pem.h>
26 #endif
27 
28 #include <stdint.h>
29 #include <errno.h>
30 #include <fcntl.h>
31 #include <netdb.h>
32 #include <pwd.h>
33 #include <stdio.h>
34 #include <stdlib.h>
35 #include <string.h>
36 #include <stdarg.h>
37 #include <unistd.h>
38 #include <limits.h>
39 #include <locale.h>
40 
41 #include "xmalloc.h"
42 #include "sshkey.h"
43 #include "authfile.h"
44 #include "sshbuf.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
46 #include "log.h"
47 #include "misc.h"
48 #include "match.h"
49 #include "hostfile.h"
50 #include "dns.h"
51 #include "ssh.h"
52 #include "ssh2.h"
53 #include "ssherr.h"
54 #include "atomicio.h"
55 #include "krl.h"
56 #include "digest.h"
57 #include "utf8.h"
58 #include "authfd.h"
59 #include "sshsig.h"
60 #include "ssh-sk.h"
61 #include "sk-api.h" /* XXX for SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD; remove */
62 #include "cipher.h"
63 
64 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
65 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
66 #endif
67 
68 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
69 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
70 #else
71 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
72 #endif
73 
74 /*
75  * Default number of bits in the RSA, DSA and ECDSA keys.  These value can be
76  * overridden on the command line.
77  *
78  * These values, with the exception of DSA, provide security equivalent to at
79  * least 128 bits of security according to NIST Special Publication 800-57:
80  * Recommendation for Key Management Part 1 rev 4 section 5.6.1.
81  * For DSA it (and FIPS-186-4 section 4.2) specifies that the only size for
82  * which a 160bit hash is acceptable is 1kbit, and since ssh-dss specifies only
83  * SHA1 we limit the DSA key size 1k bits.
84  */
85 #define DEFAULT_BITS		3072
86 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
87 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
88 
89 static int quiet = 0;
90 
91 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
92 static int print_fingerprint = 0;
93 static int print_bubblebabble = 0;
94 
95 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
96 static int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
97 
98 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
99 static char identity_file[PATH_MAX];
100 static int have_identity = 0;
101 
102 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
103 static char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
104 
105 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
106 static char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
107 
108 /* Key type when certifying */
109 static u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
110 
111 /* "key ID" of signed key */
112 static char *cert_key_id = NULL;
113 
114 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
115 static char *cert_principals = NULL;
116 
117 /* Validity period for certificates */
118 static u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
119 static u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
120 
121 /* Certificate options */
122 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD				(1)
123 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD			(1<<1)
124 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD			(1<<2)
125 #define CERTOPT_PTY				(1<<3)
126 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC				(1<<4)
127 #define CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE	(1<<5)
128 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
129 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
130 static u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
131 static char *certflags_command = NULL;
132 static char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
133 
134 /* Arbitrary extensions specified by user */
135 struct cert_ext {
136 	char *key;
137 	char *val;
138 	int crit;
139 };
140 static struct cert_ext *cert_ext;
141 static size_t ncert_ext;
142 
143 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
144 enum {
145 	FMT_RFC4716,
146 	FMT_PKCS8,
147 	FMT_PEM
148 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
149 
150 static const char *key_type_name = NULL;
151 
152 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
153 static char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
154 
155 /* FIDO/U2F provider to use */
156 static const char *sk_provider = NULL;
157 
158 /* Format for writing private keys */
159 static int private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH;
160 
161 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
162 static char *openssh_format_cipher = NULL;
163 
164 /* Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys. */
165 static int rounds = 0;
166 
167 /* argv0 */
168 extern char *__progname;
169 
170 static char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
171 
172 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
173 /* moduli.c */
174 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
175 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
176     unsigned long);
177 #endif
178 
179 static void
180 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
181 {
182 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
183 		fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
184 	if (*bitsp == 0) {
185 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
186 		int nid;
187 
188 		switch(type) {
189 		case KEY_DSA:
190 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
191 			break;
192 		case KEY_ECDSA:
193 			if (name != NULL &&
194 			    (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
195 				*bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
196 			if (*bitsp == 0)
197 				*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
198 			break;
199 		case KEY_RSA:
200 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
201 			break;
202 		}
203 #endif
204 	}
205 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
206 	switch (type) {
207 	case KEY_DSA:
208 		if (*bitsp != 1024)
209 			fatal("Invalid DSA key length: must be 1024 bits");
210 		break;
211 	case KEY_RSA:
212 		if (*bitsp < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE)
213 			fatal("Invalid RSA key length: minimum is %d bits",
214 			    SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE);
215 		else if (*bitsp > OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS)
216 			fatal("Invalid RSA key length: maximum is %d bits",
217 			    OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS);
218 		break;
219 	case KEY_ECDSA:
220 		if (sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
221 			fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length: valid lengths are "
222 			    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
223 	}
224 #endif
225 }
226 
227 /*
228  * Checks whether a file exists and, if so, asks the user whether they wish
229  * to overwrite it.
230  * Returns nonzero if the file does not already exist or if the user agrees to
231  * overwrite, or zero otherwise.
232  */
233 static int
234 confirm_overwrite(const char *filename)
235 {
236 	char yesno[3];
237 	struct stat st;
238 
239 	if (stat(filename, &st) != 0)
240 		return 1;
241 	printf("%s already exists.\n", filename);
242 	printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
243 	fflush(stdout);
244 	if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
245 		return 0;
246 	if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
247 		return 0;
248 	return 1;
249 }
250 
251 static void
252 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
253 {
254 	char buf[1024];
255 	const char *name = NULL;
256 
257 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
258 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
259 	else {
260 		switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
261 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
262 		case KEY_DSA:
263 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
264 			break;
265 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
266 		case KEY_ECDSA:
267 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
268 			break;
269 		case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
270 		case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
271 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA_SK;
272 			break;
273 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
274 		case KEY_RSA:
275 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
276 			break;
277 		case KEY_ED25519:
278 		case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
279 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
280 			break;
281 		case KEY_ED25519_SK:
282 		case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
283 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519_SK;
284 			break;
285 		case KEY_XMSS:
286 		case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
287 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_XMSS;
288 			break;
289 		default:
290 			fatal("bad key type");
291 		}
292 	}
293 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
294 	    "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
295 	printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
296 	fflush(stdout);
297 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
298 		exit(1);
299 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
300 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
301 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
302 	have_identity = 1;
303 }
304 
305 static struct sshkey *
306 load_identity(const char *filename, char **commentp)
307 {
308 	char *pass;
309 	struct sshkey *prv;
310 	int r;
311 
312 	if (commentp != NULL)
313 		*commentp = NULL;
314 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, commentp)) == 0)
315 		return prv;
316 	if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
317 		fatal_r(r, "Load key \"%s\"", filename);
318 	if (identity_passphrase)
319 		pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
320 	else
321 		pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
322 	r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, commentp);
323 	freezero(pass, strlen(pass));
324 	if (r != 0)
325 		fatal_r(r, "Load key \"%s\"", filename);
326 	return prv;
327 }
328 
329 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
330 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
331 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
332 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
333 
334 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
335 __dead static void
336 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
337 {
338 	struct sshbuf *b;
339 	char comment[61], *b64;
340 	int r;
341 
342 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
343 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
344 	if ((r = sshkey_putb(k, b)) != 0)
345 		fatal_fr(r, "put key");
346 	if ((b64 = sshbuf_dtob64_string(b, 1)) == NULL)
347 		fatal_f("sshbuf_dtob64_string failed");
348 
349 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
350 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
351 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
352 	    sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
353 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
354 
355 	sshkey_free(k);
356 	sshbuf_free(b);
357 
358 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
359 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n%s", comment, b64);
360 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
361 	free(b64);
362 	exit(0);
363 }
364 
365 __dead static void
366 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
367 {
368 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
369 	case KEY_RSA:
370 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
371 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
372 		break;
373 	case KEY_DSA:
374 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
375 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
376 		break;
377 	case KEY_ECDSA:
378 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
379 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
380 		break;
381 	default:
382 		fatal_f("unsupported key type %s", sshkey_type(k));
383 	}
384 	exit(0);
385 }
386 
387 __dead static void
388 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
389 {
390 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
391 	case KEY_RSA:
392 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
393 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
394 		break;
395 	case KEY_DSA:
396 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
397 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
398 		break;
399 	case KEY_ECDSA:
400 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
401 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
402 		break;
403 	default:
404 		fatal_f("unsupported key type %s", sshkey_type(k));
405 	}
406 	exit(0);
407 }
408 
409 __dead static void
410 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
411 {
412 	struct sshkey *k;
413 	struct stat st;
414 	int r;
415 
416 	if (!have_identity)
417 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
418 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
419 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
420 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
421 		k = load_identity(identity_file, NULL);
422 	switch (convert_format) {
423 	case FMT_RFC4716:
424 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
425 		break;
426 	case FMT_PKCS8:
427 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
428 		break;
429 	case FMT_PEM:
430 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
431 		break;
432 	default:
433 		fatal_f("unknown key format %d", convert_format);
434 	}
435 	exit(0);
436 }
437 
438 /*
439  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
440  * instead of 16.
441  */
442 static void
443 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
444 {
445 	u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
446 	int r;
447 
448 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
449 		fatal_fr(r, "parse");
450 	bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
451 	if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
452 		fatal_f("input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
453 		    bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
454 	if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
455 		fatal_f("BN_bin2bn failed");
456 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
457 		fatal_fr(r, "consume");
458 }
459 
460 static struct sshkey *
461 do_convert_private_ssh2(struct sshbuf *b)
462 {
463 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
464 	char *type, *cipher;
465 	u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
466 	int r, rlen, ktype;
467 	u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
468 	size_t slen;
469 	u_long e;
470 	BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL;
471 	BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key = NULL, *dsa_priv_key = NULL;
472 	BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL, *rsa_d = NULL;
473 	BIGNUM *rsa_p = NULL, *rsa_q = NULL, *rsa_iqmp = NULL;
474 
475 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
476 		fatal_fr(r, "parse magic");
477 
478 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
479 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
480 		    SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
481 		return NULL;
482 	}
483 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
484 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
485 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
486 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
487 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
488 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
489 		fatal_fr(r, "parse");
490 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
491 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
492 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
493 		free(cipher);
494 		free(type);
495 		return NULL;
496 	}
497 	free(cipher);
498 
499 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
500 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
501 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
502 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
503 	} else {
504 		free(type);
505 		return NULL;
506 	}
507 	if ((key = sshkey_new(ktype)) == NULL)
508 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
509 	free(type);
510 
511 	switch (key->type) {
512 	case KEY_DSA:
513 		if ((dsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL ||
514 		    (dsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL ||
515 		    (dsa_g = BN_new()) == NULL ||
516 		    (dsa_pub_key = BN_new()) == NULL ||
517 		    (dsa_priv_key = BN_new()) == NULL)
518 			fatal_f("BN_new");
519 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_p);
520 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_g);
521 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_q);
522 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_pub_key);
523 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_priv_key);
524 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(key->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g))
525 			fatal_f("DSA_set0_pqg failed");
526 		dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */
527 		if (!DSA_set0_key(key->dsa, dsa_pub_key, dsa_priv_key))
528 			fatal_f("DSA_set0_key failed");
529 		dsa_pub_key = dsa_priv_key = NULL; /* transferred */
530 		break;
531 	case KEY_RSA:
532 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
533 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
534 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
535 			fatal_fr(r, "parse RSA");
536 		e = e1;
537 		debug("e %lx", e);
538 		if (e < 30) {
539 			e <<= 8;
540 			e += e2;
541 			debug("e %lx", e);
542 			e <<= 8;
543 			e += e3;
544 			debug("e %lx", e);
545 		}
546 		if ((rsa_e = BN_new()) == NULL)
547 			fatal_f("BN_new");
548 		if (!BN_set_word(rsa_e, e)) {
549 			BN_clear_free(rsa_e);
550 			sshkey_free(key);
551 			return NULL;
552 		}
553 		if ((rsa_n = BN_new()) == NULL ||
554 		    (rsa_d = BN_new()) == NULL ||
555 		    (rsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL ||
556 		    (rsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL ||
557 		    (rsa_iqmp = BN_new()) == NULL)
558 			fatal_f("BN_new");
559 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_d);
560 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_n);
561 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_iqmp);
562 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_q);
563 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_p);
564 		if (!RSA_set0_key(key->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, rsa_d))
565 			fatal_f("RSA_set0_key failed");
566 		rsa_n = rsa_e = rsa_d = NULL; /* transferred */
567 		if (!RSA_set0_factors(key->rsa, rsa_p, rsa_q))
568 			fatal_f("RSA_set0_factors failed");
569 		rsa_p = rsa_q = NULL; /* transferred */
570 		if ((r = ssh_rsa_complete_crt_parameters(key, rsa_iqmp)) != 0)
571 			fatal_fr(r, "generate RSA parameters");
572 		BN_clear_free(rsa_iqmp);
573 		break;
574 	}
575 	rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
576 	if (rlen != 0)
577 		error_f("remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
578 
579 	/* try the key */
580 	if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data),
581 	    NULL, NULL, NULL, 0) != 0 ||
582 	    sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data),
583 	    NULL, 0, NULL) != 0) {
584 		sshkey_free(key);
585 		free(sig);
586 		return NULL;
587 	}
588 	free(sig);
589 	return key;
590 }
591 
592 static int
593 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
594 {
595 	int c;
596 	size_t pos = 0;
597 
598 	line[0] = '\0';
599 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
600 		if (pos >= len - 1)
601 			fatal("input line too long.");
602 		switch (c) {
603 		case '\r':
604 			c = fgetc(fp);
605 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
606 				fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
607 			return pos;
608 		case '\n':
609 			return pos;
610 		}
611 		line[pos++] = c;
612 		line[pos] = '\0';
613 	}
614 	/* We reached EOF */
615 	return -1;
616 }
617 
618 static void
619 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
620 {
621 	int r, blen, escaped = 0;
622 	u_int len;
623 	char line[1024];
624 	struct sshbuf *buf;
625 	char encoded[8096];
626 	FILE *fp;
627 
628 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
629 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
630 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
631 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
632 	encoded[0] = '\0';
633 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
634 		if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
635 			escaped++;
636 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
637 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
638 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
639 				*private = 1;
640 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
641 				break;
642 			}
643 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
644 			continue;
645 		}
646 		if (escaped) {
647 			escaped--;
648 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
649 			continue;
650 		}
651 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
652 	}
653 	len = strlen(encoded);
654 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
655 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
656 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
657 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
658 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
659 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(buf, encoded)) != 0)
660 		fatal_fr(r, "base64 decode");
661 	if (*private) {
662 		if ((*k = do_convert_private_ssh2(buf)) == NULL)
663 			fatal_f("private key conversion failed");
664 	} else if ((r = sshkey_fromb(buf, k)) != 0)
665 		fatal_fr(r, "parse key");
666 	sshbuf_free(buf);
667 	fclose(fp);
668 }
669 
670 static void
671 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
672 {
673 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
674 	FILE *fp;
675 
676 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
677 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
678 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
679 		fatal_f("%s is not a recognised public key format",
680 		    identity_file);
681 	}
682 	fclose(fp);
683 	switch (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey)) {
684 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
685 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
686 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
687 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
688 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
689 		break;
690 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
691 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
692 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
693 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
694 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
695 		break;
696 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
697 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
698 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
699 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
700 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
701 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
702 		break;
703 	default:
704 		fatal_f("unsupported pubkey type %d",
705 		    EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey));
706 	}
707 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
708 	return;
709 }
710 
711 static void
712 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
713 {
714 	FILE *fp;
715 	RSA *rsa;
716 
717 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
718 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
719 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
720 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
721 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
722 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
723 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
724 		fclose(fp);
725 		return;
726 	}
727 	fatal_f("unrecognised raw private key format");
728 }
729 
730 __dead static void
731 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
732 {
733 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
734 	int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
735 	struct stat st;
736 
737 	if (!have_identity)
738 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
739 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
740 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
741 
742 	switch (convert_format) {
743 	case FMT_RFC4716:
744 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
745 		break;
746 	case FMT_PKCS8:
747 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
748 		break;
749 	case FMT_PEM:
750 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
751 		break;
752 	default:
753 		fatal_f("unknown key format %d", convert_format);
754 	}
755 
756 	if (!private) {
757 		if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
758 			ok = 1;
759 		if (ok)
760 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
761 	} else {
762 		switch (k->type) {
763 		case KEY_DSA:
764 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
765 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
766 			break;
767 		case KEY_ECDSA:
768 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
769 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
770 			break;
771 		case KEY_RSA:
772 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
773 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
774 			break;
775 		default:
776 			fatal_f("unsupported key type %s", sshkey_type(k));
777 		}
778 	}
779 
780 	if (!ok)
781 		fatal("key write failed");
782 	sshkey_free(k);
783 	exit(0);
784 }
785 #endif
786 
787 __dead static void
788 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
789 {
790 	struct sshkey *prv;
791 	struct stat st;
792 	int r;
793 	char *comment = NULL;
794 
795 	if (!have_identity)
796 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
797 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
798 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
799 	prv = load_identity(identity_file, &comment);
800 	if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
801 		fatal_fr(r, "write key");
802 	if (comment != NULL && *comment != '\0')
803 		fprintf(stdout, " %s", comment);
804 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
805 	if (sshkey_is_sk(prv)) {
806 		debug("sk_application: \"%s\", sk_flags 0x%02x",
807 			prv->sk_application, prv->sk_flags);
808 	}
809 	sshkey_free(prv);
810 	free(comment);
811 	exit(0);
812 }
813 
814 __dead static void
815 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
816 {
817 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
818 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
819 	int i, nkeys;
820 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
821 	int fptype;
822 	char *fp, *ra, **comments = NULL;
823 
824 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
825 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
826 
827 	pkcs11_init(1);
828 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys, &comments);
829 	if (nkeys <= 0)
830 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
831 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
832 		if (print_fingerprint) {
833 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
834 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
835 			    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
836 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
837 				fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint fail");
838 			printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
839 			    fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
840 			if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
841 				printf("%s\n", ra);
842 			free(ra);
843 			free(fp);
844 		} else {
845 			(void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
846 			fprintf(stdout, "%s%s\n",
847 			    *(comments[i]) == '\0' ? "" : " ", comments[i]);
848 		}
849 		free(comments[i]);
850 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
851 	}
852 	free(comments);
853 	free(keys);
854 	pkcs11_terminate();
855 	exit(0);
856 #else
857 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
858 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
859 }
860 
861 static struct sshkey *
862 try_read_key(char **cpp)
863 {
864 	struct sshkey *ret;
865 	int r;
866 
867 	if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
868 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
869 	if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
870 		return ret;
871 	/* Not a key */
872 	sshkey_free(ret);
873 	return NULL;
874 }
875 
876 static void
877 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
878 {
879 	char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
880 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
881 	int fptype;
882 
883 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
884 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
885 	fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
886 	ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
887 	if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
888 		fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
889 	mprintf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
890 	    comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
891 	if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
892 		printf("%s\n", ra);
893 	free(ra);
894 	free(fp);
895 }
896 
897 static void
898 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
899 {
900 	struct stat st;
901 	char *comment = NULL;
902 	struct sshkey *privkey = NULL, *pubkey = NULL;
903 	int r;
904 
905 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
906 		fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
907 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &pubkey, &comment)) != 0)
908 		debug_r(r, "load public \"%s\"", path);
909 	if (pubkey == NULL || comment == NULL || *comment == '\0') {
910 		free(comment);
911 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
912 		    &privkey, &comment)) != 0)
913 			debug_r(r, "load private \"%s\"", path);
914 	}
915 	if (pubkey == NULL && privkey == NULL)
916 		fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
917 
918 	fingerprint_one_key(pubkey == NULL ? privkey : pubkey, comment);
919 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
920 	sshkey_free(privkey);
921 	free(comment);
922 }
923 
924 __dead static void
925 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
926 {
927 	FILE *f;
928 	struct sshkey *public = NULL;
929 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL;
930 	size_t linesize = 0;
931 	int i, invalid = 1;
932 	const char *path;
933 	u_long lnum = 0;
934 
935 	if (!have_identity)
936 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
937 	path = identity_file;
938 
939 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
940 		f = stdin;
941 		path = "(stdin)";
942 	} else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
943 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
944 
945 	while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) {
946 		lnum++;
947 		cp = line;
948 		cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
949 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
950 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
951 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
952 			continue;
953 
954 		/*
955 		 * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
956 		 * or known_hosts.
957 		 */
958 
959 		/*
960 		 * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
961 		 * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
962 		 * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
963 		 */
964 		if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
965 		    strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
966 			free(line);
967 			fclose(f);
968 			fingerprint_private(path);
969 			exit(0);
970 		}
971 
972 		/*
973 		 * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
974 		 * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
975 		 * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
976 		 */
977 		if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
978 			i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
979 			if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
980 			    (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
981 				int quoted = 0;
982 
983 				comment = cp;
984 				for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
985 				    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
986 					if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
987 						cp++;	/* Skip both */
988 					else if (*cp == '"')
989 						quoted = !quoted;
990 				}
991 				if (!*cp)
992 					continue;
993 				*cp++ = '\0';
994 			}
995 		}
996 		/* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
997 		if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
998 			debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum);
999 			continue;
1000 		}
1001 
1002 		/* Find trailing comment, if any */
1003 		for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1004 			;
1005 		if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
1006 			comment = cp;
1007 
1008 		fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
1009 		sshkey_free(public);
1010 		invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
1011 	}
1012 	fclose(f);
1013 	free(line);
1014 
1015 	if (invalid)
1016 		fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
1017 	exit(0);
1018 }
1019 
1020 static void
1021 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
1022 {
1023 	struct {
1024 		const char *key_type;
1025 		const char *key_type_display;
1026 		const char *path;
1027 	} key_types[] = {
1028 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1029 		{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
1030 		{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
1031 		{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
1032 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1033 		{ "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
1034 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1035 		{ "xmss", "XMSS",_PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE },
1036 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1037 		{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
1038 	};
1039 
1040 	u_int32_t bits = 0;
1041 	int first = 0;
1042 	struct stat st;
1043 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
1044 	char comment[1024], *prv_tmp, *pub_tmp, *prv_file, *pub_file;
1045 	int i, type, fd, r;
1046 
1047 	for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
1048 		public = private = NULL;
1049 		prv_tmp = pub_tmp = prv_file = pub_file = NULL;
1050 
1051 		xasprintf(&prv_file, "%s%s",
1052 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1053 
1054 		/* Check whether private key exists and is not zero-length */
1055 		if (stat(prv_file, &st) == 0) {
1056 			if (st.st_size != 0)
1057 				goto next;
1058 		} else if (errno != ENOENT) {
1059 			error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
1060 			    strerror(errno));
1061 			goto failnext;
1062 		}
1063 
1064 		/*
1065 		 * Private key doesn't exist or is invalid; proceed with
1066 		 * key generation.
1067 		 */
1068 		xasprintf(&prv_tmp, "%s%s.XXXXXXXXXX",
1069 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1070 		xasprintf(&pub_tmp, "%s%s.pub.XXXXXXXXXX",
1071 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1072 		xasprintf(&pub_file, "%s%s.pub",
1073 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1074 
1075 		if (first == 0) {
1076 			first = 1;
1077 			printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
1078 		}
1079 		printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
1080 		fflush(stdout);
1081 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1082 		if ((fd = mkstemp(prv_tmp)) == -1) {
1083 			error("Could not save your private key in %s: %s",
1084 			    prv_tmp, strerror(errno));
1085 			goto failnext;
1086 		}
1087 		(void)close(fd); /* just using mkstemp() to reserve a name */
1088 		bits = 0;
1089 		type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1090 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1091 			error_r(r, "sshkey_generate failed");
1092 			goto failnext;
1093 		}
1094 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1095 			fatal_fr(r, "sshkey_from_private");
1096 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1097 		    hostname);
1098 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, prv_tmp, "",
1099 		    comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher,
1100 		    rounds)) != 0) {
1101 			error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", prv_tmp);
1102 			goto failnext;
1103 		}
1104 		if ((fd = mkstemp(pub_tmp)) == -1) {
1105 			error("Could not save your public key in %s: %s",
1106 			    pub_tmp, strerror(errno));
1107 			goto failnext;
1108 		}
1109 		(void)fchmod(fd, 0644);
1110 		(void)close(fd);
1111 		if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, pub_tmp, comment)) != 0) {
1112 			error_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s",
1113 			    identity_file);
1114 			goto failnext;
1115 		}
1116 
1117 		/* Rename temporary files to their permanent locations. */
1118 		if (rename(pub_tmp, pub_file) != 0) {
1119 			error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1120 			    pub_file, strerror(errno));
1121 			goto failnext;
1122 		}
1123 		if (rename(prv_tmp, prv_file) != 0) {
1124 			error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1125 			    key_types[i].path, strerror(errno));
1126  failnext:
1127 			first = 0;
1128 			goto next;
1129 		}
1130  next:
1131 		sshkey_free(private);
1132 		sshkey_free(public);
1133 		free(prv_tmp);
1134 		free(pub_tmp);
1135 		free(prv_file);
1136 		free(pub_file);
1137 	}
1138 	if (first != 0)
1139 		printf("\n");
1140 }
1141 
1142 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1143 	const char *host;	/* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1144 	FILE *out;		/* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1145 	int has_unhashed;	/* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1146 	int found_key;		/* For find/delete, host was found */
1147 	int invalid;		/* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1148 	int hash_hosts;		/* Hash hostnames as we go */
1149 	int find_host;		/* Search for specific hostname */
1150 	int delete_host;	/* Delete host from known_hosts */
1151 };
1152 
1153 static int
1154 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1155 {
1156 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1157 	char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1158 	int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1159 	int was_hashed = l->hosts && l->hosts[0] == HASH_DELIM;
1160 
1161 	switch (l->status) {
1162 	case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1163 	case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1164 		/*
1165 		 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1166 		 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1167 		 */
1168 		if (was_hashed || has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1169 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1170 			if (has_wild && !ctx->find_host) {
1171 				logit("%s:%lu: ignoring host name "
1172 				    "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1173 				    l->linenum, l->hosts);
1174 			}
1175 			return 0;
1176 		}
1177 		/*
1178 		 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1179 		 * hash and store separately.
1180 		 */
1181 		ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1182 		while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1183 			lowercase(cp);
1184 			if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1185 				fatal("hash_host failed");
1186 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1187 			ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1188 		}
1189 		free(ohosts);
1190 		return 0;
1191 	case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1192 		/* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1193 		ctx->invalid = 1;
1194 		logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1195 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
1196 	default:
1197 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1198 		return 0;
1199 	}
1200 	/* NOTREACHED */
1201 	return -1;
1202 }
1203 
1204 static int
1205 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1206 {
1207 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1208 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1209 	int fptype;
1210 	char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
1211 
1212 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1213 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1214 
1215 	if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1216 		if (ctx->delete_host) {
1217 			if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1218 				/* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1219 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1220 			} else {
1221 				/*
1222 				 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1223 				 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1224 				 * line to ctx->out.
1225 				 */
1226 				ctx->found_key = 1;
1227 				if (!quiet)
1228 					printf("# Host %s found: line %lu\n",
1229 					    ctx->host, l->linenum);
1230 			}
1231 			return 0;
1232 		} else if (ctx->find_host) {
1233 			ctx->found_key = 1;
1234 			if (!quiet) {
1235 				printf("# Host %s found: line %lu %s\n",
1236 				    ctx->host,
1237 				    l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1238 				    (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1239 			}
1240 			if (ctx->hash_hosts)
1241 				known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1242 			else if (print_fingerprint) {
1243 				fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1244 				ra = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key,
1245 				    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
1246 				if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
1247 					fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
1248 				mprintf("%s %s %s%s%s\n", ctx->host,
1249 				    sshkey_type(l->key), fp,
1250 				    l->comment[0] ? " " : "",
1251 				    l->comment);
1252 				if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
1253 					printf("%s\n", ra);
1254 				free(ra);
1255 				free(fp);
1256 			} else
1257 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1258 			return 0;
1259 		}
1260 	} else if (ctx->delete_host) {
1261 		/* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1262 		if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1263 			ctx->invalid = 1;
1264 			logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1265 		}
1266 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1267 	}
1268 	return 0;
1269 }
1270 
1271 __dead static void
1272 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name, int find_host,
1273     int delete_host, int hash_hosts)
1274 {
1275 	char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1276 	int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1277 	struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1278 	u_int foreach_options;
1279 	struct stat sb;
1280 
1281 	if (!have_identity) {
1282 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1283 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1284 		    sizeof(identity_file))
1285 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1286 		free(cp);
1287 		have_identity = 1;
1288 	}
1289 	if (stat(identity_file, &sb) != 0)
1290 		fatal("Cannot stat %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1291 
1292 	memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1293 	ctx.out = stdout;
1294 	ctx.host = name;
1295 	ctx.hash_hosts = hash_hosts;
1296 	ctx.find_host = find_host;
1297 	ctx.delete_host = delete_host;
1298 
1299 	/*
1300 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1301 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1302 	 */
1303 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1304 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1305 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1306 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1307 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1308 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1309 		umask(077);
1310 		if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1311 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1312 		if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1313 			oerrno = errno;
1314 			unlink(tmp);
1315 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1316 		}
1317 		fchmod(fd, sb.st_mode & 0644);
1318 		inplace = 1;
1319 	}
1320 	/* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1321 	foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1322 	foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1323 	if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file, (find_host || !hash_hosts) ?
1324 	    known_hosts_find_delete : known_hosts_hash, &ctx, name, NULL,
1325 	    foreach_options, 0)) != 0) {
1326 		if (inplace)
1327 			unlink(tmp);
1328 		fatal_fr(r, "hostkeys_foreach");
1329 	}
1330 
1331 	if (inplace)
1332 		fclose(ctx.out);
1333 
1334 	if (ctx.invalid) {
1335 		error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1336 		if (inplace) {
1337 			error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1338 			    "file because of errors");
1339 			unlink(tmp);
1340 		}
1341 		exit(1);
1342 	} else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1343 		logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1344 		if (inplace)
1345 			unlink(tmp);
1346 	} else if (inplace) {
1347 		/* Backup existing file */
1348 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1349 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1350 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1351 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1352 			    strerror(errno));
1353 		/* Move new one into place */
1354 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1355 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1356 			    strerror(errno));
1357 			unlink(tmp);
1358 			unlink(old);
1359 			exit(1);
1360 		}
1361 
1362 		printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1363 		printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1364 		if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1365 			logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1366 			logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1367 			    "of hostnames");
1368 		}
1369 	}
1370 
1371 	exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1372 }
1373 
1374 /*
1375  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1376  * for the current user.
1377  */
1378 __dead static void
1379 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1380 {
1381 	char *comment;
1382 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1383 	struct stat st;
1384 	struct sshkey *private;
1385 	int r;
1386 
1387 	if (!have_identity)
1388 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1389 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
1390 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1391 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1392 	r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1393 	if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1394 		if (identity_passphrase)
1395 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1396 		else
1397 			old_passphrase =
1398 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1399 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1400 		r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1401 		    &private, &comment);
1402 		freezero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1403 		if (r != 0)
1404 			goto badkey;
1405 	} else if (r != 0) {
1406  badkey:
1407 		fatal_r(r, "Failed to load key %s", identity_file);
1408 	}
1409 	if (comment)
1410 		mprintf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1411 
1412 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1413 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1414 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1415 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1416 	} else {
1417 		passphrase1 =
1418 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1419 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1420 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1421 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1422 
1423 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1424 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1425 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1426 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1427 			free(passphrase1);
1428 			free(passphrase2);
1429 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1430 			exit(1);
1431 		}
1432 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1433 		freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1434 	}
1435 
1436 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1437 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1438 	    comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1439 		error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", identity_file);
1440 		freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1441 		sshkey_free(private);
1442 		free(comment);
1443 		exit(1);
1444 	}
1445 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1446 	freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1447 	sshkey_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1448 	free(comment);
1449 
1450 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1451 	exit(0);
1452 }
1453 
1454 /*
1455  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1456  */
1457 static int
1458 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, const char *fname,
1459     const char *hname, int print_generic)
1460 {
1461 	struct sshkey *public;
1462 	char *comment = NULL;
1463 	struct stat st;
1464 	int r;
1465 
1466 	if (fname == NULL)
1467 		fatal_f("no filename");
1468 	if (stat(fname, &st) == -1) {
1469 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1470 			return 0;
1471 		fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1472 	}
1473 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1474 		fatal_r(r, "Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\"", fname);
1475 	export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1476 	sshkey_free(public);
1477 	free(comment);
1478 	return 1;
1479 }
1480 
1481 /*
1482  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1483  */
1484 __dead static void
1485 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw, const char *identity_comment)
1486 {
1487 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1488 	struct sshkey *private;
1489 	struct sshkey *public;
1490 	struct stat st;
1491 	int r;
1492 
1493 	if (!have_identity)
1494 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1495 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
1496 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1497 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1498 	    &private, &comment)) == 0)
1499 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1500 	else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1501 		fatal_r(r, "Cannot load private key \"%s\"", identity_file);
1502 	else {
1503 		if (identity_passphrase)
1504 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1505 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1506 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1507 		else
1508 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1509 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1510 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1511 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1512 		    &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1513 			freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1514 			fatal_r(r, "Cannot load private key \"%s\"",
1515 			    identity_file);
1516 		}
1517 	}
1518 
1519 	if (private->type != KEY_ED25519 && private->type != KEY_XMSS &&
1520 	    private_key_format != SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH) {
1521 		error("Comments are only supported for keys stored in "
1522 		    "the new format (-o).");
1523 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1524 		sshkey_free(private);
1525 		exit(1);
1526 	}
1527 	if (comment)
1528 		printf("Old comment: %s\n", comment);
1529 	else
1530 		printf("No existing comment\n");
1531 
1532 	if (identity_comment) {
1533 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1534 	} else {
1535 		printf("New comment: ");
1536 		fflush(stdout);
1537 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1538 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1539 			sshkey_free(private);
1540 			exit(1);
1541 		}
1542 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1543 	}
1544 	if (comment != NULL && strcmp(comment, new_comment) == 0) {
1545 		printf("No change to comment\n");
1546 		free(passphrase);
1547 		sshkey_free(private);
1548 		free(comment);
1549 		exit(0);
1550 	}
1551 
1552 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1553 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1554 	    new_comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher,
1555 	    rounds)) != 0) {
1556 		error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", identity_file);
1557 		freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1558 		sshkey_free(private);
1559 		free(comment);
1560 		exit(1);
1561 	}
1562 	freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1563 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1564 		fatal_fr(r, "sshkey_from_private");
1565 	sshkey_free(private);
1566 
1567 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1568 	if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, new_comment)) != 0)
1569 		fatal_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s", identity_file);
1570 	sshkey_free(public);
1571 	free(comment);
1572 
1573 	if (strlen(new_comment) > 0)
1574 		printf("Comment '%s' applied\n", new_comment);
1575 	else
1576 		printf("Comment removed\n");
1577 
1578 	exit(0);
1579 }
1580 
1581 static void
1582 cert_ext_add(const char *key, const char *value, int iscrit)
1583 {
1584 	cert_ext = xreallocarray(cert_ext, ncert_ext + 1, sizeof(*cert_ext));
1585 	cert_ext[ncert_ext].key = xstrdup(key);
1586 	cert_ext[ncert_ext].val = value == NULL ? NULL : xstrdup(value);
1587 	cert_ext[ncert_ext].crit = iscrit;
1588 	ncert_ext++;
1589 }
1590 
1591 /* qsort(3) comparison function for certificate extensions */
1592 static int
1593 cert_ext_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b)
1594 {
1595 	const struct cert_ext *a = (const struct cert_ext *)_a;
1596 	const struct cert_ext *b = (const struct cert_ext *)_b;
1597 	int r;
1598 
1599 	if (a->crit != b->crit)
1600 		return (a->crit < b->crit) ? -1 : 1;
1601 	if ((r = strcmp(a->key, b->key)) != 0)
1602 		return r;
1603 	if ((a->val == NULL) != (b->val == NULL))
1604 		return (a->val == NULL) ? -1 : 1;
1605 	if (a->val != NULL && (r = strcmp(a->val, b->val)) != 0)
1606 		return r;
1607 	return 0;
1608 }
1609 
1610 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1611 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1612 static void
1613 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1614 {
1615 	struct sshbuf *b;
1616 	size_t i;
1617 	int r;
1618 	const struct cert_ext *ext;
1619 
1620 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1621 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
1622 	sshbuf_reset(c);
1623 	for (i = 0; i < ncert_ext; i++) {
1624 		ext = &cert_ext[i];
1625 		if ((ext->crit && (which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS)) ||
1626 		    (!ext->crit && (which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL)))
1627 			continue;
1628 		if (ext->val == NULL) {
1629 			/* flag option */
1630 			debug3_f("%s", ext->key);
1631 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, ext->key)) != 0 ||
1632 			    (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1633 				fatal_fr(r, "prepare flag");
1634 		} else {
1635 			/* key/value option */
1636 			debug3_f("%s=%s", ext->key, ext->val);
1637 			sshbuf_reset(b);
1638 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, ext->key)) != 0 ||
1639 			    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, ext->val)) != 0 ||
1640 			    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1641 				fatal_fr(r, "prepare k/v");
1642 		}
1643 	}
1644 	sshbuf_free(b);
1645 }
1646 
1647 static void
1648 finalise_cert_exts(void)
1649 {
1650 	/* critical options */
1651 	if (certflags_command != NULL)
1652 		cert_ext_add("force-command", certflags_command, 1);
1653 	if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1654 		cert_ext_add("source-address", certflags_src_addr, 1);
1655 	/* extensions */
1656 	if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1657 		cert_ext_add("permit-X11-forwarding", NULL, 0);
1658 	if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1659 		cert_ext_add("permit-agent-forwarding", NULL, 0);
1660 	if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1661 		cert_ext_add("permit-port-forwarding", NULL, 0);
1662 	if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1663 		cert_ext_add("permit-pty", NULL, 0);
1664 	if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1665 		cert_ext_add("permit-user-rc", NULL, 0);
1666 	if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE) != 0)
1667 		cert_ext_add("no-touch-required", NULL, 0);
1668 	/* order lexically by key */
1669 	if (ncert_ext > 0)
1670 		qsort(cert_ext, ncert_ext, sizeof(*cert_ext), cert_ext_cmp);
1671 }
1672 
1673 static struct sshkey *
1674 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1675 {
1676 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1677 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1678 	int r, i, nkeys;
1679 
1680 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1681 		fatal_r(r, "Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1682 
1683 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase,
1684 	    &keys, NULL);
1685 	debug3_f("%d keys", nkeys);
1686 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1687 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1688 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1689 		if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1690 			private = keys[i];
1691 			continue;
1692 		}
1693 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1694 	}
1695 	free(keys);
1696 	sshkey_free(public);
1697 	return private;
1698 #else
1699 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1700 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1701 }
1702 
1703 /* Signer for sshkey_certify_custom that uses the agent */
1704 static int
1705 agent_signer(struct sshkey *key, u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
1706     const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
1707     const char *alg, const char *provider, const char *pin,
1708     u_int compat, void *ctx)
1709 {
1710 	int *agent_fdp = (int *)ctx;
1711 
1712 	return ssh_agent_sign(*agent_fdp, key, sigp, lenp,
1713 	    data, datalen, alg, compat);
1714 }
1715 
1716 __dead static void
1717 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, const char *ca_key_path, int prefer_agent,
1718     unsigned long long cert_serial, int cert_serial_autoinc,
1719     int argc, char **argv)
1720 {
1721 	int r, i, found, agent_fd = -1;
1722 	u_int n;
1723 	struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1724 	char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment;
1725 	char *ca_fp = NULL, **plist = NULL, *pin = NULL;
1726 	struct ssh_identitylist *agent_ids;
1727 	size_t j;
1728 	struct notifier_ctx *notifier = NULL;
1729 
1730 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1731 	pkcs11_init(1);
1732 #endif
1733 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1734 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1735 		/* If a PKCS#11 token was specified then try to use it */
1736 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1737 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1738 	} else if (prefer_agent) {
1739 		/*
1740 		 * Agent signature requested. Try to use agent after making
1741 		 * sure the public key specified is actually present in the
1742 		 * agent.
1743 		 */
1744 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
1745 			fatal_r(r, "Cannot load CA public key %s", tmp);
1746 		if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0)
1747 			fatal_r(r, "Cannot use public key for CA signature");
1748 		if ((r = ssh_fetch_identitylist(agent_fd, &agent_ids)) != 0)
1749 			fatal_r(r, "Retrieve agent key list");
1750 		found = 0;
1751 		for (j = 0; j < agent_ids->nkeys; j++) {
1752 			if (sshkey_equal(ca, agent_ids->keys[j])) {
1753 				found = 1;
1754 				break;
1755 			}
1756 		}
1757 		if (!found)
1758 			fatal("CA key %s not found in agent", tmp);
1759 		ssh_free_identitylist(agent_ids);
1760 		ca->flags |= SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT;
1761 	} else {
1762 		/* CA key is assumed to be a private key on the filesystem */
1763 		ca = load_identity(tmp, NULL);
1764 		if (sshkey_is_sk(ca) &&
1765 		    (ca->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_VERIFICATION_REQD)) {
1766 			if ((pin = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for CA key: ",
1767 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN)) == NULL)
1768 				fatal_f("couldn't read PIN");
1769 		}
1770 	}
1771 	free(tmp);
1772 
1773 	if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1774 		if (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type) {
1775 			fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s",
1776 			    sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name);
1777 		}
1778 	} else if (ca->type == KEY_RSA) {
1779 		/* Default to a good signature algorithm */
1780 		key_type_name = "rsa-sha2-512";
1781 	}
1782 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(ca, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1783 
1784 	finalise_cert_exts();
1785 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1786 		/* Split list of principals */
1787 		n = 0;
1788 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1789 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1790 			plist = NULL;
1791 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1792 				plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1793 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1794 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1795 			}
1796 			free(otmp);
1797 		}
1798 		if (n > SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS)
1799 			fatal("Too many certificate principals specified");
1800 
1801 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1802 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1803 			fatal_r(r, "load pubkey \"%s\"", tmp);
1804 		if (sshkey_is_cert(public))
1805 			fatal_f("key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1806 			    tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1807 
1808 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1809 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1810 			fatal_r(r, "Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1811 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1812 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1813 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1814 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1815 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1816 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1817 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1818 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1819 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1820 		    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1821 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1822 		    &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1823 			fatal_r(r, "sshkey_from_private (ca key)");
1824 
1825 		if (agent_fd != -1 && (ca->flags & SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT) != 0) {
1826 			if ((r = sshkey_certify_custom(public, ca,
1827 			    key_type_name, sk_provider, NULL, agent_signer,
1828 			    &agent_fd)) != 0)
1829 				fatal_r(r, "Couldn't certify %s via agent", tmp);
1830 		} else {
1831 			if (sshkey_is_sk(ca) &&
1832 			    (ca->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) {
1833 				notifier = notify_start(0,
1834 				    "Confirm user presence for key %s %s",
1835 				    sshkey_type(ca), ca_fp);
1836 			}
1837 			r = sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name,
1838 			    sk_provider, pin);
1839 			notify_complete(notifier, "User presence confirmed");
1840 			if (r != 0)
1841 				fatal_r(r, "Couldn't certify key %s", tmp);
1842 		}
1843 
1844 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1845 			*cp = '\0';
1846 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1847 		free(tmp);
1848 
1849 		if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, out, comment)) != 0) {
1850 			fatal_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s",
1851 			    identity_file);
1852 		}
1853 
1854 		if (!quiet) {
1855 			sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1856 			    valid, sizeof(valid));
1857 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1858 			    "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1859 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1860 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1861 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1862 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1863 			    valid);
1864 		}
1865 
1866 		sshkey_free(public);
1867 		free(out);
1868 		if (cert_serial_autoinc)
1869 			cert_serial++;
1870 	}
1871 	if (pin != NULL)
1872 		freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
1873 	free(ca_fp);
1874 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1875 	pkcs11_terminate();
1876 #endif
1877 	exit(0);
1878 }
1879 
1880 static u_int64_t
1881 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1882 {
1883 	int64_t mul, secs;
1884 
1885 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1886 
1887 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1888 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1889 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1890 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1891 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1892 }
1893 
1894 static void
1895 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1896 {
1897 	char *from, *to;
1898 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1899 	int64_t secs;
1900 
1901 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1902 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1903 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1904 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1905 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1906 		/*
1907 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1908 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1909 		 */
1910 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1911 		return;
1912 	}
1913 
1914 	/*
1915 	 * from:to, where
1916 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "always"
1917 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "forever"
1918 	 */
1919 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1920 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1921 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1922 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1923 	*to++ = '\0';
1924 
1925 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1926 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1927 	else if (strcmp(from, "always") == 0)
1928 		cert_valid_from = 0;
1929 	else if (parse_absolute_time(from, &cert_valid_from) != 0)
1930 		fatal("Invalid from time \"%s\"", from);
1931 
1932 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1933 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1934 	else if (strcmp(to, "forever") == 0)
1935 		cert_valid_to = ~(u_int64_t)0;
1936 	else if (parse_absolute_time(to, &cert_valid_to) != 0)
1937 		fatal("Invalid to time \"%s\"", to);
1938 
1939 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1940 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1941 	free(from);
1942 }
1943 
1944 static void
1945 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1946 {
1947 	char *val, *cp;
1948 	int iscrit = 0;
1949 
1950 	if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1951 		certflags_flags = 0;
1952 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1953 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1954 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1955 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1956 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1957 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1958 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1959 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1960 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1961 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1962 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1963 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1964 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1965 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1966 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1967 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1968 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1969 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1970 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1971 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1972 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "touch-required") == 0)
1973 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE;
1974 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-touch-required") == 0)
1975 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE;
1976 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1977 		val = opt + 14;
1978 		if (*val == '\0')
1979 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1980 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1981 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1982 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1983 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1984 		val = opt + 15;
1985 		if (*val == '\0')
1986 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1987 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1988 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1989 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1990 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1991 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1992 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "extension:", 10) == 0 ||
1993 		   (iscrit = (strncasecmp(opt, "critical:", 9) == 0))) {
1994 		val = xstrdup(strchr(opt, ':') + 1);
1995 		if ((cp = strchr(val, '=')) != NULL)
1996 			*cp++ = '\0';
1997 		cert_ext_add(val, cp, iscrit);
1998 		free(val);
1999 	} else
2000 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
2001 }
2002 
2003 static void
2004 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
2005 {
2006 	char *name, *arg, *hex;
2007 	struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
2008 	int r;
2009 
2010 	if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
2011 		fatal_f("sshbuf_fromb failed");
2012 	while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
2013 		sshbuf_free(option);
2014 		option = NULL;
2015 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
2016 		    (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
2017 			fatal_fr(r, "parse option");
2018 		printf("                %s", name);
2019 		if (!in_critical &&
2020 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
2021 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
2022 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
2023 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
2024 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0 ||
2025 		    strcmp(name, "no-touch-required") == 0)) {
2026 			printf("\n");
2027 		} else if (in_critical &&
2028 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
2029 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
2030 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
2031 				fatal_fr(r, "parse critical");
2032 			printf(" %s\n", arg);
2033 			free(arg);
2034 		} else if (sshbuf_len(option) > 0) {
2035 			hex = sshbuf_dtob16(option);
2036 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION: %s (len %zu)\n",
2037 			    hex, sshbuf_len(option));
2038 			sshbuf_reset(option);
2039 			free(hex);
2040 		} else
2041 			printf(" UNKNOWN FLAG OPTION\n");
2042 		free(name);
2043 		if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
2044 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
2045 	}
2046 	sshbuf_free(option);
2047 	sshbuf_free(options);
2048 }
2049 
2050 static void
2051 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
2052 {
2053 	char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
2054 	u_int i;
2055 
2056 	key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2057 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
2058 	    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2059 	if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
2060 		fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint fail");
2061 	sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
2062 
2063 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
2064 	    sshkey_cert_type(key));
2065 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
2066 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s (using %s)\n",
2067 	    sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp,
2068 	    key->cert->signature_type);
2069 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
2070 	printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
2071 	printf("        Valid: %s\n", valid);
2072 	printf("        Principals: ");
2073 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
2074 		printf("(none)\n");
2075 	else {
2076 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
2077 			printf("\n                %s",
2078 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
2079 		printf("\n");
2080 	}
2081 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
2082 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
2083 		printf("(none)\n");
2084 	else {
2085 		printf("\n");
2086 		show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
2087 	}
2088 	printf("        Extensions: ");
2089 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
2090 		printf("(none)\n");
2091 	else {
2092 		printf("\n");
2093 		show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
2094 	}
2095 }
2096 
2097 __dead static void
2098 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
2099 {
2100 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2101 	struct stat st;
2102 	int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
2103 	FILE *f;
2104 	char *cp, *line = NULL;
2105 	const char *path;
2106 	size_t linesize = 0;
2107 	u_long lnum = 0;
2108 
2109 	if (!have_identity)
2110 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
2111 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
2112 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
2113 
2114 	path = identity_file;
2115 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2116 		f = stdin;
2117 		path = "(stdin)";
2118 		is_stdin = 1;
2119 	} else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
2120 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2121 
2122 	while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) {
2123 		lnum++;
2124 		sshkey_free(key);
2125 		key = NULL;
2126 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
2127 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2128 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
2129 			continue;
2130 		if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2131 			fatal("sshkey_new");
2132 		if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
2133 			error_r(r, "%s:%lu: invalid key", path, lnum);
2134 			continue;
2135 		}
2136 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
2137 			error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
2138 			continue;
2139 		}
2140 		ok = 1;
2141 		if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
2142 			printf("%s:\n", path);
2143 		else
2144 			printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
2145 		print_cert(key);
2146 	}
2147 	free(line);
2148 	sshkey_free(key);
2149 	fclose(f);
2150 	exit(ok ? 0 : 1);
2151 }
2152 
2153 static void
2154 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
2155 {
2156 	struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
2157 	int r;
2158 
2159 	if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(path, &krlbuf)) != 0)
2160 		fatal_r(r, "Unable to load KRL %s", path);
2161 	/* XXX check sigs */
2162 	if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
2163 	    *krlp == NULL)
2164 		fatal_r(r, "Invalid KRL file %s", path);
2165 	sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
2166 }
2167 
2168 static void
2169 hash_to_blob(const char *cp, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp,
2170     const char *file, u_long lnum)
2171 {
2172 	char *tmp;
2173 	size_t tlen;
2174 	struct sshbuf *b;
2175 	int r;
2176 
2177 	if (strncmp(cp, "SHA256:", 7) != 0)
2178 		fatal("%s:%lu: unsupported hash algorithm", file, lnum);
2179 	cp += 7;
2180 
2181 	/*
2182 	 * OpenSSH base64 hashes omit trailing '='
2183 	 * characters; put them back for decode.
2184 	 */
2185 	tlen = strlen(cp);
2186 	tmp = xmalloc(tlen + 4 + 1);
2187 	strlcpy(tmp, cp, tlen + 1);
2188 	while ((tlen % 4) != 0) {
2189 		tmp[tlen++] = '=';
2190 		tmp[tlen] = '\0';
2191 	}
2192 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2193 		fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed");
2194 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(b, tmp)) != 0)
2195 		fatal_r(r, "%s:%lu: decode hash failed", file, lnum);
2196 	free(tmp);
2197 	*lenp = sshbuf_len(b);
2198 	*blobp = xmalloc(*lenp);
2199 	memcpy(*blobp, sshbuf_ptr(b), *lenp);
2200 	sshbuf_free(b);
2201 }
2202 
2203 static void
2204 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
2205     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
2206 {
2207 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2208 	u_long lnum = 0;
2209 	char *path, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL;
2210 	u_char *blob = NULL;
2211 	size_t blen = 0, linesize = 0;
2212 	unsigned long long serial, serial2;
2213 	int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, was_sha256, was_hash, r;
2214 	FILE *krl_spec;
2215 
2216 	path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
2217 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2218 		krl_spec = stdin;
2219 		free(path);
2220 		path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2221 	} else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2222 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2223 
2224 	if (!quiet)
2225 		printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2226 	while (getline(&line, &linesize, krl_spec) != -1) {
2227 		lnum++;
2228 		was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = was_sha256 = was_hash = 0;
2229 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2230 		/* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2231 		for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2232 			if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2233 				cp[i] = '\0';
2234 				break;
2235 			}
2236 			if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2237 				/* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2238 				if (r == -1)
2239 					r = i;
2240 			} else
2241 				r = -1;
2242 		}
2243 		if (r != -1)
2244 			cp[r] = '\0';
2245 		if (*cp == '\0')
2246 			continue;
2247 		if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2248 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2249 				fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2250 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2251 			}
2252 			cp += 7;
2253 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2254 			errno = 0;
2255 			serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2256 			if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2257 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2258 				    path, lnum, cp);
2259 			if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2260 				fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2261 				    path, lnum);
2262 			serial2 = serial;
2263 			if (*ep == '-') {
2264 				cp = ep + 1;
2265 				errno = 0;
2266 				serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2267 				if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2268 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2269 					    path, lnum, cp);
2270 				if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2271 					fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2272 					    path, lnum);
2273 				if (serial2 <= serial)
2274 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2275 					    "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2276 					    (unsigned long long)serial,
2277 					    (unsigned long long)serial2);
2278 			}
2279 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2280 			    ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2281 				fatal_f("revoke serial failed");
2282 			}
2283 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2284 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2285 				fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2286 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2287 			}
2288 			cp += 3;
2289 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2290 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2291 				fatal_f("revoke key ID failed");
2292 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "hash:", 5) == 0) {
2293 			cp += 5;
2294 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2295 			hash_to_blob(cp, &blob, &blen, file, lnum);
2296 			r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen);
2297 			if (r != 0)
2298 				fatal_fr(r, "revoke key failed");
2299 		} else {
2300 			if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2301 				cp += 4;
2302 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2303 				was_explicit_key = 1;
2304 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2305 				cp += 5;
2306 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2307 				was_sha1 = 1;
2308 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha256:", 7) == 0) {
2309 				cp += 7;
2310 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2311 				was_sha256 = 1;
2312 				/*
2313 				 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2314 				 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2315 				 */
2316 			}
2317 			if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2318 				fatal("sshkey_new");
2319 			if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2320 				fatal_r(r, "%s:%lu: invalid key", path, lnum);
2321 			if (was_explicit_key)
2322 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2323 			else if (was_sha1) {
2324 				if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key,
2325 				    SSH_DIGEST_SHA1, &blob, &blen) != 0) {
2326 					fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed",
2327 					    file, lnum);
2328 				}
2329 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, blob, blen);
2330 			} else if (was_sha256) {
2331 				if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key,
2332 				    SSH_DIGEST_SHA256, &blob, &blen) != 0) {
2333 					fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed",
2334 					    file, lnum);
2335 				}
2336 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen);
2337 			} else
2338 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2339 			if (r != 0)
2340 				fatal_fr(r, "revoke key failed");
2341 			freezero(blob, blen);
2342 			blob = NULL;
2343 			blen = 0;
2344 			sshkey_free(key);
2345 		}
2346 	}
2347 	if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2348 		fclose(krl_spec);
2349 	free(line);
2350 	free(path);
2351 }
2352 
2353 static void
2354 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, const char *ca_key_path,
2355     unsigned long long krl_version, const char *krl_comment,
2356     int argc, char **argv)
2357 {
2358 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2359 	struct stat sb;
2360 	struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2361 	int i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2362 	char *tmp;
2363 	struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2364 
2365 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2366 		fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2367 	if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2368 		if (errno != ENOENT)
2369 			fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2370 			    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2371 		if (updating)
2372 			fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2373 	}
2374 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2375 		if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2376 			wild_ca = 1;
2377 		else {
2378 			tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2379 			if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2380 				fatal_r(r, "Cannot load CA public key %s", tmp);
2381 			free(tmp);
2382 		}
2383 	}
2384 
2385 	if (updating)
2386 		load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2387 	else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2388 		fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2389 
2390 	if (krl_version != 0)
2391 		ssh_krl_set_version(krl, krl_version);
2392 	if (krl_comment != NULL)
2393 		ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, krl_comment);
2394 
2395 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2396 		update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2397 
2398 	if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2399 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2400 	if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2401 		fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2402 	if ((r = sshbuf_write_file(identity_file, kbuf)) != 0)
2403 		fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2404 	sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2405 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2406 	sshkey_free(ca);
2407 }
2408 
2409 __dead static void
2410 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int print_krl, int argc, char **argv)
2411 {
2412 	int i, r, ret = 0;
2413 	char *comment;
2414 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2415 	struct sshkey *k;
2416 
2417 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2418 		fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2419 	load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2420 	if (print_krl)
2421 		krl_dump(krl, stdout);
2422 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2423 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2424 			fatal_r(r, "Cannot load public key %s", argv[i]);
2425 		r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2426 		printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2427 		    *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2428 		    r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2429 		if (r != 0)
2430 			ret = 1;
2431 		sshkey_free(k);
2432 		free(comment);
2433 	}
2434 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2435 	exit(ret);
2436 }
2437 
2438 static struct sshkey *
2439 load_sign_key(const char *keypath, const struct sshkey *pubkey)
2440 {
2441 	size_t i, slen, plen = strlen(keypath);
2442 	char *privpath = xstrdup(keypath);
2443 	const char *suffixes[] = { "-cert.pub", ".pub", NULL };
2444 	struct sshkey *ret = NULL, *privkey = NULL;
2445 	int r;
2446 
2447 	/*
2448 	 * If passed a public key filename, then try to locate the corresponding
2449 	 * private key. This lets us specify certificates on the command-line
2450 	 * and have ssh-keygen find the appropriate private key.
2451 	 */
2452 	for (i = 0; suffixes[i]; i++) {
2453 		slen = strlen(suffixes[i]);
2454 		if (plen <= slen ||
2455 		    strcmp(privpath + plen - slen, suffixes[i]) != 0)
2456 			continue;
2457 		privpath[plen - slen] = '\0';
2458 		debug_f("%s looks like a public key, using private key "
2459 		    "path %s instead", keypath, privpath);
2460 	}
2461 	if ((privkey = load_identity(privpath, NULL)) == NULL) {
2462 		error("Couldn't load identity %s", keypath);
2463 		goto done;
2464 	}
2465 	if (!sshkey_equal_public(pubkey, privkey)) {
2466 		error("Public key %s doesn't match private %s",
2467 		    keypath, privpath);
2468 		goto done;
2469 	}
2470 	if (sshkey_is_cert(pubkey) && !sshkey_is_cert(privkey)) {
2471 		/*
2472 		 * Graft the certificate onto the private key to make
2473 		 * it capable of signing.
2474 		 */
2475 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(privkey)) != 0) {
2476 			error_fr(r, "sshkey_to_certified");
2477 			goto done;
2478 		}
2479 		if ((r = sshkey_cert_copy(pubkey, privkey)) != 0) {
2480 			error_fr(r, "sshkey_cert_copy");
2481 			goto done;
2482 		}
2483 	}
2484 	/* success */
2485 	ret = privkey;
2486 	privkey = NULL;
2487  done:
2488 	sshkey_free(privkey);
2489 	free(privpath);
2490 	return ret;
2491 }
2492 
2493 static int
2494 sign_one(struct sshkey *signkey, const char *filename, int fd,
2495     const char *sig_namespace, sshsig_signer *signer, void *signer_ctx)
2496 {
2497 	struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2498 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, wfd = -1, oerrno;
2499 	char *wfile = NULL, *asig = NULL, *fp = NULL;
2500 	char *pin = NULL, *prompt = NULL;
2501 
2502 	if (!quiet) {
2503 		if (fd == STDIN_FILENO)
2504 			fprintf(stderr, "Signing data on standard input\n");
2505 		else
2506 			fprintf(stderr, "Signing file %s\n", filename);
2507 	}
2508 	if (signer == NULL && sshkey_is_sk(signkey)) {
2509 		if ((signkey->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_VERIFICATION_REQD)) {
2510 			xasprintf(&prompt, "Enter PIN for %s key: ",
2511 			    sshkey_type(signkey));
2512 			if ((pin = read_passphrase(prompt,
2513 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN)) == NULL)
2514 				fatal_f("couldn't read PIN");
2515 		}
2516 		if ((signkey->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) {
2517 			if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(signkey, fingerprint_hash,
2518 			    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2519 				fatal_f("fingerprint failed");
2520 			fprintf(stderr, "Confirm user presence for key %s %s\n",
2521 			    sshkey_type(signkey), fp);
2522 			free(fp);
2523 		}
2524 	}
2525 	if ((r = sshsig_sign_fd(signkey, NULL, sk_provider, pin,
2526 	    fd, sig_namespace, &sigbuf, signer, signer_ctx)) != 0) {
2527 		error_r(r, "Signing %s failed", filename);
2528 		goto out;
2529 	}
2530 	if ((r = sshsig_armor(sigbuf, &abuf)) != 0) {
2531 		error_fr(r, "sshsig_armor");
2532 		goto out;
2533 	}
2534 	if ((asig = sshbuf_dup_string(abuf)) == NULL) {
2535 		error_f("buffer error");
2536 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2537 		goto out;
2538 	}
2539 
2540 	if (fd == STDIN_FILENO) {
2541 		fputs(asig, stdout);
2542 		fflush(stdout);
2543 	} else {
2544 		xasprintf(&wfile, "%s.sig", filename);
2545 		if (confirm_overwrite(wfile)) {
2546 			if ((wfd = open(wfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,
2547 			    0666)) == -1) {
2548 				oerrno = errno;
2549 				error("Cannot open %s: %s",
2550 				    wfile, strerror(errno));
2551 				errno = oerrno;
2552 				r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
2553 				goto out;
2554 			}
2555 			if (atomicio(vwrite, wfd, asig,
2556 			    strlen(asig)) != strlen(asig)) {
2557 				oerrno = errno;
2558 				error("Cannot write to %s: %s",
2559 				    wfile, strerror(errno));
2560 				errno = oerrno;
2561 				r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
2562 				goto out;
2563 			}
2564 			if (!quiet) {
2565 				fprintf(stderr, "Write signature to %s\n",
2566 				    wfile);
2567 			}
2568 		}
2569 	}
2570 	/* success */
2571 	r = 0;
2572  out:
2573 	free(wfile);
2574 	free(prompt);
2575 	free(asig);
2576 	if (pin != NULL)
2577 		freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
2578 	sshbuf_free(abuf);
2579 	sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2580 	if (wfd != -1)
2581 		close(wfd);
2582 	return r;
2583 }
2584 
2585 static int
2586 sig_sign(const char *keypath, const char *sig_namespace, int argc, char **argv)
2587 {
2588 	int i, fd = -1, r, ret = -1;
2589 	int agent_fd = -1;
2590 	struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL, *privkey = NULL, *signkey = NULL;
2591 	sshsig_signer *signer = NULL;
2592 
2593 	/* Check file arguments. */
2594 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2595 		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") != 0)
2596 			continue;
2597 		if (i > 0 || argc > 1)
2598 			fatal("Cannot sign mix of paths and standard input");
2599 	}
2600 
2601 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(keypath, &pubkey, NULL)) != 0) {
2602 		error_r(r, "Couldn't load public key %s", keypath);
2603 		goto done;
2604 	}
2605 
2606 	if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0)
2607 		debug_r(r, "Couldn't get agent socket");
2608 	else {
2609 		if ((r = ssh_agent_has_key(agent_fd, pubkey)) == 0)
2610 			signer = agent_signer;
2611 		else
2612 			debug_r(r, "Couldn't find key in agent");
2613 	}
2614 
2615 	if (signer == NULL) {
2616 		/* Not using agent - try to load private key */
2617 		if ((privkey = load_sign_key(keypath, pubkey)) == NULL)
2618 			goto done;
2619 		signkey = privkey;
2620 	} else {
2621 		/* Will use key in agent */
2622 		signkey = pubkey;
2623 	}
2624 
2625 	if (argc == 0) {
2626 		if ((r = sign_one(signkey, "(stdin)", STDIN_FILENO,
2627 		    sig_namespace, signer, &agent_fd)) != 0)
2628 			goto done;
2629 	} else {
2630 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2631 			if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0)
2632 				fd = STDIN_FILENO;
2633 			else if ((fd = open(argv[i], O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
2634 				error("Cannot open %s for signing: %s",
2635 				    argv[i], strerror(errno));
2636 				goto done;
2637 			}
2638 			if ((r = sign_one(signkey, argv[i], fd, sig_namespace,
2639 			    signer, &agent_fd)) != 0)
2640 				goto done;
2641 			if (fd != STDIN_FILENO)
2642 				close(fd);
2643 			fd = -1;
2644 		}
2645 	}
2646 
2647 	ret = 0;
2648 done:
2649 	if (fd != -1 && fd != STDIN_FILENO)
2650 		close(fd);
2651 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
2652 	sshkey_free(privkey);
2653 	return ret;
2654 }
2655 
2656 static int
2657 sig_verify(const char *signature, const char *sig_namespace,
2658     const char *principal, const char *allowed_keys, const char *revoked_keys)
2659 {
2660 	int r, ret = -1;
2661 	struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2662 	struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL;
2663 	char *fp = NULL;
2664 	struct sshkey_sig_details *sig_details = NULL;
2665 
2666 	memset(&sig_details, 0, sizeof(sig_details));
2667 	if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) {
2668 		error_r(r, "Couldn't read signature file");
2669 		goto done;
2670 	}
2671 
2672 	if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) {
2673 		error_fr(r, "sshsig_armor");
2674 		goto done;
2675 	}
2676 	if ((r = sshsig_verify_fd(sigbuf, STDIN_FILENO, sig_namespace,
2677 	    &sign_key, &sig_details)) != 0)
2678 		goto done; /* sshsig_verify() prints error */
2679 
2680 	if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash,
2681 	    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2682 		fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2683 	debug("Valid (unverified) signature from key %s", fp);
2684 	if (sig_details != NULL) {
2685 		debug2_f("signature details: counter = %u, flags = 0x%02x",
2686 		    sig_details->sk_counter, sig_details->sk_flags);
2687 	}
2688 	free(fp);
2689 	fp = NULL;
2690 
2691 	if (revoked_keys != NULL) {
2692 		if ((r = sshkey_check_revoked(sign_key, revoked_keys)) != 0) {
2693 			debug3_fr(r, "sshkey_check_revoked");
2694 			goto done;
2695 		}
2696 	}
2697 
2698 	if (allowed_keys != NULL && (r = sshsig_check_allowed_keys(allowed_keys,
2699 	    sign_key, principal, sig_namespace)) != 0) {
2700 		debug3_fr(r, "sshsig_check_allowed_keys");
2701 		goto done;
2702 	}
2703 	/* success */
2704 	ret = 0;
2705 done:
2706 	if (!quiet) {
2707 		if (ret == 0) {
2708 			if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash,
2709 			    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2710 				fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2711 			if (principal == NULL) {
2712 				printf("Good \"%s\" signature with %s key %s\n",
2713 				       sig_namespace, sshkey_type(sign_key), fp);
2714 
2715 			} else {
2716 				printf("Good \"%s\" signature for %s with %s key %s\n",
2717 				       sig_namespace, principal,
2718 				       sshkey_type(sign_key), fp);
2719 			}
2720 		} else {
2721 			printf("Could not verify signature.\n");
2722 		}
2723 	}
2724 	sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2725 	sshbuf_free(abuf);
2726 	sshkey_free(sign_key);
2727 	sshkey_sig_details_free(sig_details);
2728 	free(fp);
2729 	return ret;
2730 }
2731 
2732 static int
2733 sig_find_principals(const char *signature, const char *allowed_keys) {
2734 	int r, ret = -1;
2735 	struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2736 	struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL;
2737 	char *principals = NULL, *cp, *tmp;
2738 
2739 	if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) {
2740 		error_r(r, "Couldn't read signature file");
2741 		goto done;
2742 	}
2743 	if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) {
2744 		error_fr(r, "sshsig_armor");
2745 		goto done;
2746 	}
2747 	if ((r = sshsig_get_pubkey(sigbuf, &sign_key)) != 0) {
2748 		error_fr(r, "sshsig_get_pubkey");
2749 		goto done;
2750 	}
2751 	if ((r = sshsig_find_principals(allowed_keys, sign_key,
2752 	    &principals)) != 0) {
2753 		error_fr(r, "sshsig_get_principal");
2754 		goto done;
2755 	}
2756 	ret = 0;
2757 done:
2758 	if (ret == 0 ) {
2759 		/* Emit matching principals one per line */
2760 		tmp = principals;
2761 		while ((cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0')
2762 			puts(cp);
2763 	} else {
2764 		fprintf(stderr, "No principal matched.\n");
2765 	}
2766 	sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2767 	sshbuf_free(abuf);
2768 	sshkey_free(sign_key);
2769 	free(principals);
2770 	return ret;
2771 }
2772 
2773 static void
2774 do_moduli_gen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts)
2775 {
2776 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2777 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2778 	u_int32_t memory = 0;
2779 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2780 	int moduli_bits = 0;
2781 	FILE *out;
2782 	size_t i;
2783 	const char *errstr;
2784 
2785 	/* Parse options */
2786 	for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
2787 		if (strncmp(opts[i], "memory=", 7) == 0) {
2788 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(opts[i]+7, 1,
2789 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2790 			if (errstr) {
2791 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s",
2792 				    errstr, opts[i]+7);
2793 			}
2794 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start=", 6) == 0) {
2795 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2796 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, opts[i]+6) == 0)
2797 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
2798 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "bits=", 5) == 0) {
2799 			moduli_bits = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+5, 1,
2800 			    INT_MAX, &errstr);
2801 			if (errstr) {
2802 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2803 					opts[i]+12, errstr);
2804 			}
2805 		} else {
2806 			fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli "
2807 			    "generation", opts[i]);
2808 		}
2809 	}
2810 
2811 	if ((out = fopen(out_file, "w")) == NULL) {
2812 		fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2813 		    out_file, strerror(errno));
2814 	}
2815 	setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
2816 
2817 	if (moduli_bits == 0)
2818 		moduli_bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2819 	if (gen_candidates(out, memory, moduli_bits, start) != 0)
2820 		fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2821 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2822 	fatal("Moduli generation is not supported");
2823 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2824 }
2825 
2826 static void
2827 do_moduli_screen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts)
2828 {
2829 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2830 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2831 	char *checkpoint = NULL;
2832 	u_int32_t generator_wanted = 0;
2833 	unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2834 	int prime_tests = 0;
2835 	FILE *out, *in = stdin;
2836 	size_t i;
2837 	const char *errstr;
2838 
2839 	/* Parse options */
2840 	for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
2841 		if (strncmp(opts[i], "lines=", 6) == 0) {
2842 			lines_to_process = strtoul(opts[i]+6, NULL, 10);
2843 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start-line=", 11) == 0) {
2844 			start_lineno = strtoul(opts[i]+11, NULL, 10);
2845 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "checkpoint=", 11) == 0) {
2846 			checkpoint = xstrdup(opts[i]+11);
2847 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "generator=", 10) == 0) {
2848 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(
2849 			    opts[i]+10, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2850 			if (errstr != NULL) {
2851 				fatal("Generator invalid: %s (%s)",
2852 				    opts[i]+10, errstr);
2853 			}
2854 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "prime-tests=", 12) == 0) {
2855 			prime_tests = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+12, 1,
2856 			    INT_MAX, &errstr);
2857 			if (errstr) {
2858 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2859 					opts[i]+12, errstr);
2860 			}
2861 		} else {
2862 			fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli "
2863 			    "screening", opts[i]);
2864 		}
2865 	}
2866 
2867 	if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2868 		if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2869 			fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2870 			    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2871 			    strerror(errno));
2872 		}
2873 	}
2874 
2875 	if ((out = fopen(out_file, "a")) == NULL) {
2876 		fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2877 		    out_file, strerror(errno));
2878 	}
2879 	setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
2880 	if (prime_test(in, out, prime_tests == 0 ? 100 : prime_tests,
2881 	    generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2882 	    start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2883 		fatal("modulus screening failed");
2884 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2885 	fatal("Moduli screening is not supported");
2886 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2887 }
2888 
2889 static char *
2890 private_key_passphrase(void)
2891 {
2892 	char *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2893 
2894 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2895 	if (identity_passphrase)
2896 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2897 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2898 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2899 	else {
2900 passphrase_again:
2901 		passphrase1 =
2902 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2903 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2904 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2905 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2906 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2907 			/*
2908 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2909 			 * retry.
2910 			 */
2911 			freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2912 			freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2913 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2914 			goto passphrase_again;
2915 		}
2916 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2917 		freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2918 	}
2919 	return passphrase1;
2920 }
2921 
2922 static const char *
2923 skip_ssh_url_preamble(const char *s)
2924 {
2925 	if (strncmp(s, "ssh://", 6) == 0)
2926 		return s + 6;
2927 	else if (strncmp(s, "ssh:", 4) == 0)
2928 		return s + 4;
2929 	return s;
2930 }
2931 
2932 static int
2933 do_download_sk(const char *skprovider, const char *device)
2934 {
2935 	struct sshkey **keys;
2936 	size_t nkeys, i;
2937 	int r, ret = -1;
2938 	char *fp, *pin = NULL, *pass = NULL, *path, *pubpath;
2939 	const char *ext;
2940 
2941 	if (skprovider == NULL)
2942 		fatal("Cannot download keys without provider");
2943 
2944 	pin = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for authenticator: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2945 	if (!quiet) {
2946 		printf("You may need to touch your authenticator "
2947 		    "to authorize key download.\n");
2948 	}
2949 	if ((r = sshsk_load_resident(skprovider, device, pin,
2950 	    &keys, &nkeys)) != 0) {
2951 		if (pin != NULL)
2952 			freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
2953 		error_r(r, "Unable to load resident keys");
2954 		return -1;
2955 	}
2956 	if (nkeys == 0)
2957 		logit("No keys to download");
2958 	if (pin != NULL)
2959 		freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
2960 
2961 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
2962 		if (keys[i]->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK &&
2963 		    keys[i]->type != KEY_ED25519_SK) {
2964 			error("Unsupported key type %s (%d)",
2965 			    sshkey_type(keys[i]), keys[i]->type);
2966 			continue;
2967 		}
2968 		if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i],
2969 		    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2970 			fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2971 		debug_f("key %zu: %s %s %s (flags 0x%02x)", i,
2972 		    sshkey_type(keys[i]), fp, keys[i]->sk_application,
2973 		    keys[i]->sk_flags);
2974 		ext = skip_ssh_url_preamble(keys[i]->sk_application);
2975 		xasprintf(&path, "id_%s_rk%s%s",
2976 		    keys[i]->type == KEY_ECDSA_SK ? "ecdsa_sk" : "ed25519_sk",
2977 		    *ext == '\0' ? "" : "_", ext);
2978 
2979 		/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2980 		if (!confirm_overwrite(path)) {
2981 			free(path);
2982 			break;
2983 		}
2984 
2985 		/* Save the key with the application string as the comment */
2986 		if (pass == NULL)
2987 			pass = private_key_passphrase();
2988 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(keys[i], path, pass,
2989 		    keys[i]->sk_application, private_key_format,
2990 		    openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2991 			error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", path);
2992 			free(path);
2993 			break;
2994 		}
2995 		if (!quiet) {
2996 			printf("Saved %s key%s%s to %s\n",
2997 			    sshkey_type(keys[i]),
2998 			    *ext != '\0' ? " " : "",
2999 			    *ext != '\0' ? keys[i]->sk_application : "",
3000 			    path);
3001 		}
3002 
3003 		/* Save public key too */
3004 		xasprintf(&pubpath, "%s.pub", path);
3005 		free(path);
3006 		if ((r = sshkey_save_public(keys[i], pubpath,
3007 		    keys[i]->sk_application)) != 0) {
3008 			error_r(r, "Saving public key \"%s\" failed", pubpath);
3009 			free(pubpath);
3010 			break;
3011 		}
3012 		free(pubpath);
3013 	}
3014 
3015 	if (i >= nkeys)
3016 		ret = 0; /* success */
3017 	if (pass != NULL)
3018 		freezero(pass, strlen(pass));
3019 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++)
3020 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
3021 	free(keys);
3022 	return ret;
3023 }
3024 
3025 static void
3026 save_attestation(struct sshbuf *attest, const char *path)
3027 {
3028 	mode_t omask;
3029 	int r;
3030 
3031 	if (path == NULL)
3032 		return; /* nothing to do */
3033 	if (attest == NULL || sshbuf_len(attest) == 0)
3034 		fatal("Enrollment did not return attestation data");
3035 	omask = umask(077);
3036 	r = sshbuf_write_file(path, attest);
3037 	umask(omask);
3038 	if (r != 0)
3039 		fatal_r(r, "Unable to write attestation data \"%s\"", path);
3040 	if (!quiet)
3041 		printf("Your FIDO attestation certificate has been saved in "
3042 		    "%s\n", path);
3043 }
3044 
3045 __dead static void
3046 usage(void)
3047 {
3048 	fprintf(stderr,
3049 	    "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-a rounds] [-b bits] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
3050 	    "                  [-m format] [-N new_passphrase] [-O option]\n"
3051 	    "                  [-t dsa | ecdsa | ecdsa-sk | ed25519 | ed25519-sk | rsa]\n"
3052 	    "                  [-w provider] [-Z cipher]\n"
3053 	    "       ssh-keygen -p [-a rounds] [-f keyfile] [-m format] [-N new_passphrase]\n"
3054 	    "                   [-P old_passphrase] [-Z cipher]\n"
3055 	    "       ssh-keygen -i [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n"
3056 	    "       ssh-keygen -e [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n"
3057 	    "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3058 	    "       ssh-keygen -c [-a rounds] [-C comment] [-f keyfile] [-P passphrase]\n"
3059 	    "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3060 	    "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
3061 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
3062 	fprintf(stderr,
3063 	    "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
3064 #endif
3065 	fprintf(stderr,
3066 	    "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-lv] [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3067 	    "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3068 	    "       ssh-keygen -K [-a rounds] [-w provider]\n"
3069 	    "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3070 	    "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-g] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3071 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3072 	    "       ssh-keygen -M generate [-O option] output_file\n"
3073 	    "       ssh-keygen -M screen [-f input_file] [-O option] output_file\n"
3074 #endif
3075 	    "       ssh-keygen -I certificate_identity -s ca_key [-hU] [-D pkcs11_provider]\n"
3076 	    "                  [-n principals] [-O option] [-V validity_interval]\n"
3077 	    "                  [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
3078 	    "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3079 	    "       ssh-keygen -A [-a rounds] [-f prefix_path]\n"
3080 	    "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
3081 	    "                  file ...\n"
3082 	    "       ssh-keygen -Q [-l] -f krl_file [file ...]\n"
3083 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y find-principals -s signature_file -f allowed_signers_file\n"
3084 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y check-novalidate -n namespace -s signature_file\n"
3085 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y sign -f key_file -n namespace file ...\n"
3086 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y verify -f allowed_signers_file -I signer_identity\n"
3087 	    "                  -n namespace -s signature_file [-r revocation_file]\n");
3088 	exit(1);
3089 }
3090 
3091 /*
3092  * Main program for key management.
3093  */
3094 int
3095 main(int argc, char **argv)
3096 {
3097 	char comment[1024], *passphrase;
3098 	char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
3099 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
3100 	struct passwd *pw;
3101 	int r, opt, type;
3102 	int change_passphrase = 0, change_comment = 0, show_cert = 0;
3103 	int find_host = 0, delete_host = 0, hash_hosts = 0;
3104 	int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
3105 	int prefer_agent = 0, convert_to = 0, convert_from = 0;
3106 	int print_public = 0, print_generic = 0, cert_serial_autoinc = 0;
3107 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0, download_sk = 0;
3108 	unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
3109 	char *identity_comment = NULL, *ca_key_path = NULL, **opts = NULL;
3110 	char *sk_application = NULL, *sk_device = NULL, *sk_user = NULL;
3111 	char *sk_attestation_path = NULL;
3112 	struct sshbuf *challenge = NULL, *attest = NULL;
3113 	size_t i, nopts = 0;
3114 	u_int32_t bits = 0;
3115 	uint8_t sk_flags = SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD;
3116 	const char *errstr;
3117 	int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
3118 	char *sign_op = NULL;
3119 
3120 	extern int optind;
3121 	extern char *optarg;
3122 
3123 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
3124 	sanitise_stdfd();
3125 
3126 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3127 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
3128 #endif
3129 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
3130 
3131 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
3132 
3133 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
3134 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
3135 	if (!pw)
3136 		fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
3137 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == -1)
3138 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
3139 
3140 	sk_provider = getenv("SSH_SK_PROVIDER");
3141 
3142 	/* Remaining characters: dGjJSTWx */
3143 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHKLQUXceghiklopquvy"
3144 	    "C:D:E:F:I:M:N:O:P:R:V:Y:Z:"
3145 	    "a:b:f:g:m:n:r:s:t:w:z:")) != -1) {
3146 		switch (opt) {
3147 		case 'A':
3148 			gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
3149 			break;
3150 		case 'b':
3151 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT32_MAX,
3152 			    &errstr);
3153 			if (errstr)
3154 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
3155 					optarg, errstr);
3156 			break;
3157 		case 'E':
3158 			fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
3159 			if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
3160 				fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
3161 			break;
3162 		case 'F':
3163 			find_host = 1;
3164 			rr_hostname = optarg;
3165 			break;
3166 		case 'H':
3167 			hash_hosts = 1;
3168 			break;
3169 		case 'I':
3170 			cert_key_id = optarg;
3171 			break;
3172 		case 'R':
3173 			delete_host = 1;
3174 			rr_hostname = optarg;
3175 			break;
3176 		case 'L':
3177 			show_cert = 1;
3178 			break;
3179 		case 'l':
3180 			print_fingerprint = 1;
3181 			break;
3182 		case 'B':
3183 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
3184 			break;
3185 		case 'm':
3186 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
3187 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
3188 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
3189 				break;
3190 			}
3191 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
3192 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
3193 				private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8;
3194 				break;
3195 			}
3196 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
3197 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
3198 				private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM;
3199 				break;
3200 			}
3201 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
3202 		case 'n':
3203 			cert_principals = optarg;
3204 			break;
3205 		case 'o':
3206 			/* no-op; new format is already the default */
3207 			break;
3208 		case 'p':
3209 			change_passphrase = 1;
3210 			break;
3211 		case 'c':
3212 			change_comment = 1;
3213 			break;
3214 		case 'f':
3215 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
3216 			    sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
3217 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
3218 			have_identity = 1;
3219 			break;
3220 		case 'g':
3221 			print_generic = 1;
3222 			break;
3223 		case 'K':
3224 			download_sk = 1;
3225 			break;
3226 		case 'P':
3227 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
3228 			break;
3229 		case 'N':
3230 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
3231 			break;
3232 		case 'Q':
3233 			check_krl = 1;
3234 			break;
3235 		case 'O':
3236 			opts = xrecallocarray(opts, nopts, nopts + 1,
3237 			    sizeof(*opts));
3238 			opts[nopts++] = xstrdup(optarg);
3239 			break;
3240 		case 'Z':
3241 			openssh_format_cipher = optarg;
3242 			if (cipher_by_name(openssh_format_cipher) == NULL)
3243 				fatal("Invalid OpenSSH-format cipher '%s'",
3244 				    openssh_format_cipher);
3245 			break;
3246 		case 'C':
3247 			identity_comment = optarg;
3248 			break;
3249 		case 'q':
3250 			quiet = 1;
3251 			break;
3252 		case 'e':
3253 			/* export key */
3254 			convert_to = 1;
3255 			break;
3256 		case 'h':
3257 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
3258 			certflags_flags = 0;
3259 			break;
3260 		case 'k':
3261 			gen_krl = 1;
3262 			break;
3263 		case 'i':
3264 		case 'X':
3265 			/* import key */
3266 			convert_from = 1;
3267 			break;
3268 		case 'y':
3269 			print_public = 1;
3270 			break;
3271 		case 's':
3272 			ca_key_path = optarg;
3273 			break;
3274 		case 't':
3275 			key_type_name = optarg;
3276 			break;
3277 		case 'D':
3278 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
3279 			break;
3280 		case 'U':
3281 			prefer_agent = 1;
3282 			break;
3283 		case 'u':
3284 			update_krl = 1;
3285 			break;
3286 		case 'v':
3287 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
3288 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
3289 			else {
3290 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
3291 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
3292 					log_level++;
3293 			}
3294 			break;
3295 		case 'r':
3296 			rr_hostname = optarg;
3297 			break;
3298 		case 'a':
3299 			rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
3300 			if (errstr)
3301 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
3302 					optarg, errstr);
3303 			break;
3304 		case 'V':
3305 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
3306 			break;
3307 		case 'Y':
3308 			sign_op = optarg;
3309 			break;
3310 		case 'w':
3311 			sk_provider = optarg;
3312 			break;
3313 		case 'z':
3314 			errno = 0;
3315 			if (*optarg == '+') {
3316 				cert_serial_autoinc = 1;
3317 				optarg++;
3318 			}
3319 			cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
3320 			if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
3321 			    (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
3322 				fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
3323 			break;
3324 		case 'M':
3325 			if (strcmp(optarg, "generate") == 0)
3326 				do_gen_candidates = 1;
3327 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "screen") == 0)
3328 				do_screen_candidates = 1;
3329 			else
3330 				fatal("Unsupported moduli option %s", optarg);
3331 			break;
3332 		case '?':
3333 		default:
3334 			usage();
3335 		}
3336 	}
3337 
3338 	if (sk_provider == NULL)
3339 		sk_provider = "internal";
3340 
3341 	/* reinit */
3342 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
3343 
3344 	argv += optind;
3345 	argc -= optind;
3346 
3347 	if (sign_op != NULL) {
3348 		if (strncmp(sign_op, "find-principals", 15) == 0) {
3349 			if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3350 				error("Too few arguments for find-principals:"
3351 				      "missing signature file");
3352 				exit(1);
3353 			}
3354 			if (!have_identity) {
3355 				error("Too few arguments for find-principals:"
3356 				      "missing allowed keys file");
3357 				exit(1);
3358 			}
3359 			return sig_find_principals(ca_key_path, identity_file);
3360 		} else if (strncmp(sign_op, "sign", 4) == 0) {
3361 			if (cert_principals == NULL ||
3362 			    *cert_principals == '\0') {
3363 				error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3364 				    "missing namespace");
3365 				exit(1);
3366 			}
3367 			if (!have_identity) {
3368 				error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3369 				    "missing key");
3370 				exit(1);
3371 			}
3372 			return sig_sign(identity_file, cert_principals,
3373 			    argc, argv);
3374 		} else if (strncmp(sign_op, "check-novalidate", 16) == 0) {
3375 			if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3376 				error("Too few arguments for check-novalidate: "
3377 				      "missing signature file");
3378 				exit(1);
3379 			}
3380 			return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals,
3381 			    NULL, NULL, NULL);
3382 		} else if (strncmp(sign_op, "verify", 6) == 0) {
3383 			if (cert_principals == NULL ||
3384 			    *cert_principals == '\0') {
3385 				error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3386 				    "missing namespace");
3387 				exit(1);
3388 			}
3389 			if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3390 				error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3391 				    "missing signature file");
3392 				exit(1);
3393 			}
3394 			if (!have_identity) {
3395 				error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3396 				    "missing allowed keys file");
3397 				exit(1);
3398 			}
3399 			if (cert_key_id == NULL) {
3400 				error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3401 				    "missing principal ID");
3402 				exit(1);
3403 			}
3404 			return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals,
3405 			    cert_key_id, identity_file, rr_hostname);
3406 		}
3407 		error("Unsupported operation for -Y: \"%s\"", sign_op);
3408 		usage();
3409 		/* NOTREACHED */
3410 	}
3411 
3412 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
3413 		if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
3414 			error("Too few arguments.");
3415 			usage();
3416 		}
3417 	} else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl &&
3418 	    !do_gen_candidates && !do_screen_candidates) {
3419 		error("Too many arguments.");
3420 		usage();
3421 	}
3422 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
3423 		error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
3424 		usage();
3425 	}
3426 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
3427 		error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
3428 		usage();
3429 	}
3430 	if (gen_krl) {
3431 		do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, ca_key_path,
3432 		    cert_serial, identity_comment, argc, argv);
3433 		return (0);
3434 	}
3435 	if (check_krl) {
3436 		do_check_krl(pw, print_fingerprint, argc, argv);
3437 		return (0);
3438 	}
3439 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
3440 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
3441 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
3442 		for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++)
3443 			add_cert_option(opts[i]);
3444 		do_ca_sign(pw, ca_key_path, prefer_agent,
3445 		    cert_serial, cert_serial_autoinc, argc, argv);
3446 	}
3447 	if (show_cert)
3448 		do_show_cert(pw);
3449 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host) {
3450 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname, find_host,
3451 		    delete_host, hash_hosts);
3452 	}
3453 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
3454 		do_download(pw);
3455 	if (download_sk) {
3456 		for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
3457 			if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) {
3458 				sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7);
3459 			} else {
3460 				fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for "
3461 				    "FIDO authenticator download", opts[i]);
3462 			}
3463 		}
3464 		return do_download_sk(sk_provider, sk_device);
3465 	}
3466 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
3467 		do_fingerprint(pw);
3468 	if (change_passphrase)
3469 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
3470 	if (change_comment)
3471 		do_change_comment(pw, identity_comment);
3472 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3473 	if (convert_to)
3474 		do_convert_to(pw);
3475 	if (convert_from)
3476 		do_convert_from(pw);
3477 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3478 	if (convert_to || convert_from)
3479 		fatal("key conversion disabled at compile time");
3480 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3481 	if (print_public)
3482 		do_print_public(pw);
3483 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
3484 		unsigned int n = 0;
3485 
3486 		if (have_identity) {
3487 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw, identity_file,
3488 			    rr_hostname, print_generic);
3489 			if (n == 0)
3490 				fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
3491 			exit(0);
3492 		} else {
3493 
3494 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3495 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3496 			    print_generic);
3497 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3498 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3499 			    print_generic);
3500 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3501 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3502 			    print_generic);
3503 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3504 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3505 			    print_generic);
3506 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3507 			    _PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3508 			    print_generic);
3509 			if (n == 0)
3510 				fatal("no keys found.");
3511 			exit(0);
3512 		}
3513 	}
3514 
3515 	if (do_gen_candidates || do_screen_candidates) {
3516 		if (argc <= 0)
3517 			fatal("No output file specified");
3518 		else if (argc > 1)
3519 			fatal("Too many output files specified");
3520 	}
3521 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
3522 		do_moduli_gen(argv[0], opts, nopts);
3523 		return 0;
3524 	}
3525 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
3526 		do_moduli_screen(argv[0], opts, nopts);
3527 		return 0;
3528 	}
3529 
3530 	if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
3531 		do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
3532 		return (0);
3533 	}
3534 
3535 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
3536 		key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
3537 
3538 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
3539 	type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
3540 
3541 	if (!quiet)
3542 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
3543 		    key_type_name);
3544 	switch (type) {
3545 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
3546 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
3547 		for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
3548 			if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "no-touch-required") == 0) {
3549 				sk_flags &= ~SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD;
3550 			} else if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "verify-required") == 0) {
3551 				sk_flags |= SSH_SK_USER_VERIFICATION_REQD;
3552 			} else if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "resident") == 0) {
3553 				sk_flags |= SSH_SK_RESIDENT_KEY;
3554 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) {
3555 				sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7);
3556 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "user=", 5) == 0) {
3557 				sk_user = xstrdup(opts[i] + 5);
3558 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "challenge=", 10) == 0) {
3559 				if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(opts[i] + 10,
3560 				    &challenge)) != 0) {
3561 					fatal_r(r, "Unable to load FIDO "
3562 					    "enrollment challenge \"%s\"",
3563 					    opts[i] + 10);
3564 				}
3565 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i],
3566 			    "write-attestation=", 18) == 0) {
3567 				sk_attestation_path = opts[i] + 18;
3568 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i],
3569 			    "application=", 12) == 0) {
3570 				sk_application = xstrdup(opts[i] + 12);
3571 				if (strncmp(sk_application, "ssh:", 4) != 0) {
3572 					fatal("FIDO application string must "
3573 					    "begin with \"ssh:\"");
3574 				}
3575 			} else {
3576 				fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for "
3577 				    "FIDO authenticator enrollment", opts[i]);
3578 			}
3579 		}
3580 		if (!quiet) {
3581 			printf("You may need to touch your authenticator "
3582 			    "to authorize key generation.\n");
3583 		}
3584 		if ((attest = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
3585 			fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
3586 		if ((sk_flags &
3587 		    (SSH_SK_USER_VERIFICATION_REQD|SSH_SK_RESIDENT_KEY))) {
3588 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for "
3589 			    "authenticator: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
3590 		} else {
3591 			passphrase = NULL;
3592 		}
3593 		for (i = 0 ; ; i++) {
3594 			fflush(stdout);
3595 			r = sshsk_enroll(type, sk_provider, sk_device,
3596 			    sk_application == NULL ? "ssh:" : sk_application,
3597 			    sk_user, sk_flags, passphrase, challenge,
3598 			    &private, attest);
3599 			if (r == 0)
3600 				break;
3601 			if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
3602 				fatal_r(r, "Key enrollment failed");
3603 			else if (passphrase != NULL) {
3604 				error("PIN incorrect");
3605 				freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3606 				passphrase = NULL;
3607 			}
3608 			if (i >= 3)
3609 				fatal("Too many incorrect PINs");
3610 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for "
3611 			    "authenticator: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
3612 			if (!quiet) {
3613 				printf("You may need to touch your "
3614 				    "authenticator (again) to authorize "
3615 				    "key generation.\n");
3616 			}
3617 		}
3618 		if (passphrase != NULL) {
3619 			freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3620 			passphrase = NULL;
3621 		}
3622 		break;
3623 	default:
3624 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
3625 			fatal("sshkey_generate failed");
3626 		break;
3627 	}
3628 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
3629 		fatal_r(r, "sshkey_from_private");
3630 
3631 	if (!have_identity)
3632 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
3633 
3634 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
3635 	hostfile_create_user_ssh_dir(identity_file, !quiet);
3636 
3637 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
3638 	if (!confirm_overwrite(identity_file))
3639 		exit(1);
3640 
3641 	/* Determine the passphrase for the private key */
3642 	passphrase = private_key_passphrase();
3643 	if (identity_comment) {
3644 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
3645 	} else {
3646 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
3647 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
3648 	}
3649 
3650 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
3651 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
3652 	    comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
3653 		error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", identity_file);
3654 		freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3655 		exit(1);
3656 	}
3657 	freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3658 	sshkey_free(private);
3659 
3660 	if (!quiet) {
3661 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s\n",
3662 		    identity_file);
3663 	}
3664 
3665 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
3666 	if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, comment)) != 0)
3667 		fatal_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s", identity_file);
3668 
3669 	if (!quiet) {
3670 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
3671 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
3672 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
3673 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
3674 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
3675 			fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
3676 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s\n",
3677 		    identity_file);
3678 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
3679 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
3680 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
3681 		printf("%s\n", ra);
3682 		free(ra);
3683 		free(fp);
3684 	}
3685 
3686 	if (sk_attestation_path != NULL)
3687 		save_attestation(attest, sk_attestation_path);
3688 
3689 	sshbuf_free(attest);
3690 	sshkey_free(public);
3691 
3692 	exit(0);
3693 }
3694