xref: /netbsd-src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/ssh-keygen.c (revision 181254a7b1bdde6873432bffef2d2decc4b5c22f)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.36 2020/05/28 17:05:49 christos Exp $	*/
2 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.409.2.1 2020/05/18 19:02:13 benno Exp $ */
3 /*
4  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
5  * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6  *                    All rights reserved
7  * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8  *
9  * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
10  * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
11  * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
12  * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
13  * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
14  */
15 
16 #include "includes.h"
17 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.36 2020/05/28 17:05:49 christos Exp $");
18 #include <sys/types.h>
19 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/stat.h>
21 
22 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
23 #include <openssl/evp.h>
24 #include <openssl/pem.h>
25 #endif
26 
27 #include <stdint.h>
28 #include <errno.h>
29 #include <fcntl.h>
30 #include <netdb.h>
31 #include <pwd.h>
32 #include <stdio.h>
33 #include <stdlib.h>
34 #include <string.h>
35 #include <stdarg.h>
36 #include <unistd.h>
37 #include <limits.h>
38 #include <locale.h>
39 
40 #include "xmalloc.h"
41 #include "sshkey.h"
42 #include "authfile.h"
43 #include "sshbuf.h"
44 #include "pathnames.h"
45 #include "log.h"
46 #include "misc.h"
47 #include "match.h"
48 #include "hostfile.h"
49 #include "dns.h"
50 #include "ssh.h"
51 #include "ssh2.h"
52 #include "ssherr.h"
53 #include "atomicio.h"
54 #include "krl.h"
55 #include "digest.h"
56 #include "utf8.h"
57 #include "authfd.h"
58 #include "sshsig.h"
59 #include "ssh-sk.h"
60 #include "sk-api.h" /* XXX for SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD; remove */
61 
62 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
63 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
64 #endif
65 
66 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
67 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
68 #else
69 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
70 #endif
71 
72 /*
73  * Default number of bits in the RSA, DSA and ECDSA keys.  These value can be
74  * overridden on the command line.
75  *
76  * These values, with the exception of DSA, provide security equivalent to at
77  * least 128 bits of security according to NIST Special Publication 800-57:
78  * Recommendation for Key Management Part 1 rev 4 section 5.6.1.
79  * For DSA it (and FIPS-186-4 section 4.2) specifies that the only size for
80  * which a 160bit hash is acceptable is 1kbit, and since ssh-dss specifies only
81  * SHA1 we limit the DSA key size 1k bits.
82  */
83 #define DEFAULT_BITS		3072
84 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA	1024
85 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA	256
86 
87 static int quiet = 0;
88 
89 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
90 static int print_fingerprint = 0;
91 static int print_bubblebabble = 0;
92 
93 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
94 static int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
95 
96 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
97 static char identity_file[PATH_MAX];
98 static int have_identity = 0;
99 
100 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
101 static char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
102 
103 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
104 static char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
105 
106 /* Key type when certifying */
107 static u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
108 
109 /* "key ID" of signed key */
110 static char *cert_key_id = NULL;
111 
112 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
113 static char *cert_principals = NULL;
114 
115 /* Validity period for certificates */
116 static u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
117 static u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
118 
119 /* Certificate options */
120 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD				(1)
121 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD			(1<<1)
122 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD			(1<<2)
123 #define CERTOPT_PTY				(1<<3)
124 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC				(1<<4)
125 #define CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE	(1<<5)
126 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT	(CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
127 			 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
128 static u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
129 static char *certflags_command = NULL;
130 static char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
131 
132 /* Arbitrary extensions specified by user */
133 struct cert_userext {
134 	char *key;
135 	char *val;
136 	int crit;
137 };
138 static struct cert_userext *cert_userext;
139 static size_t ncert_userext;
140 
141 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
142 enum {
143 	FMT_RFC4716,
144 	FMT_PKCS8,
145 	FMT_PEM
146 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
147 
148 static const char *key_type_name = NULL;
149 
150 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
151 static char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
152 
153 /* FIDO/U2F provider to use */
154 static const char *sk_provider = NULL;
155 
156 /* Format for writing private keys */
157 static int private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH;
158 
159 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
160 static char *openssh_format_cipher = NULL;
161 
162 /* Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys. */
163 static int rounds = 0;
164 
165 /* argv0 */
166 extern char *__progname;
167 
168 static char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
169 
170 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
171 /* moduli.c */
172 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
173 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
174     unsigned long);
175 #endif
176 
177 static void
178 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
179 {
180 	if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
181 		fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
182 	if (*bitsp == 0) {
183 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
184 		u_int nid;
185 
186 		switch(type) {
187 		case KEY_DSA:
188 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
189 			break;
190 		case KEY_ECDSA:
191 			if (name != NULL &&
192 			    (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
193 				*bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
194 			if (*bitsp == 0)
195 				*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
196 			break;
197 		case KEY_RSA:
198 			*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
199 			break;
200 		}
201 #endif
202 	}
203 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
204 	switch (type) {
205 	case KEY_DSA:
206 		if (*bitsp != 1024)
207 			fatal("Invalid DSA key length: must be 1024 bits");
208 		break;
209 	case KEY_RSA:
210 		if (*bitsp < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE)
211 			fatal("Invalid RSA key length: minimum is %d bits",
212 			    SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE);
213 		else if (*bitsp > OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS)
214 			fatal("Invalid RSA key length: maximum is %d bits",
215 			    OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS);
216 		break;
217 	case KEY_ECDSA:
218 		if (sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
219 			fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length: valid lengths are "
220 			    "256, 384 or 521 bits");
221 	}
222 #endif
223 }
224 
225 /*
226  * Checks whether a file exists and, if so, asks the user whether they wish
227  * to overwrite it.
228  * Returns nonzero if the file does not already exist or if the user agrees to
229  * overwrite, or zero otherwise.
230  */
231 static int
232 confirm_overwrite(const char *filename)
233 {
234 	char yesno[3];
235 	struct stat st;
236 
237 	if (stat(filename, &st) != 0)
238 		return 1;
239 	printf("%s already exists.\n", filename);
240 	printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
241 	fflush(stdout);
242 	if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
243 		return 0;
244 	if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
245 		return 0;
246 	return 1;
247 }
248 
249 static void
250 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
251 {
252 	char buf[1024];
253 	const char *name = NULL;
254 
255 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
256 		name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
257 	else {
258 		switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
259 		case KEY_DSA_CERT:
260 		case KEY_DSA:
261 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
262 			break;
263 		case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
264 		case KEY_ECDSA:
265 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
266 			break;
267 		case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT:
268 		case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
269 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA_SK;
270 			break;
271 		case KEY_RSA_CERT:
272 		case KEY_RSA:
273 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
274 			break;
275 		case KEY_ED25519:
276 		case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
277 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
278 			break;
279 		case KEY_ED25519_SK:
280 		case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT:
281 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519_SK;
282 			break;
283 		case KEY_XMSS:
284 		case KEY_XMSS_CERT:
285 			name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_XMSS;
286 			break;
287 		default:
288 			fatal("bad key type");
289 		}
290 	}
291 	snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
292 	    "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
293 	printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
294 	fflush(stdout);
295 	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
296 		exit(1);
297 	buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
298 	if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
299 		strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
300 	have_identity = 1;
301 }
302 
303 static struct sshkey *
304 load_identity(const char *filename, char **commentp)
305 {
306 	char *pass;
307 	struct sshkey *prv;
308 	int r;
309 
310 	if (commentp != NULL)
311 		*commentp = NULL;
312 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, commentp)) == 0)
313 		return prv;
314 	if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
315 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
316 	if (identity_passphrase)
317 		pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
318 	else
319 		pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
320 	r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, commentp);
321 	freezero(pass, strlen(pass));
322 	if (r != 0)
323 		fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
324 	return prv;
325 }
326 
327 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
328 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END		"---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
329 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN		"---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
330 #define	SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC	0x3f6ff9eb
331 
332 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
333 __dead static void
334 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
335 {
336 	struct sshbuf *b;
337 	char comment[61], *b64;
338 	int r;
339 
340 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
341 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
342 	if ((r = sshkey_putb(k, b)) != 0)
343 		fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
344 	if ((b64 = sshbuf_dtob64_string(b, 1)) == NULL)
345 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_dtob64_string failed", __func__);
346 
347 	/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
348 	snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
349 	    "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
350 	    sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
351 	    pw->pw_name, hostname);
352 
353 	sshkey_free(k);
354 	sshbuf_free(b);
355 
356 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
357 	fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n%s", comment, b64);
358 	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
359 	free(b64);
360 	exit(0);
361 }
362 
363 __dead static void
364 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
365 {
366 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
367 	case KEY_RSA:
368 		if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
369 			fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
370 		break;
371 	case KEY_DSA:
372 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
373 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
374 		break;
375 	case KEY_ECDSA:
376 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
377 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
378 		break;
379 	default:
380 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
381 	}
382 	exit(0);
383 }
384 
385 __dead static void
386 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
387 {
388 	switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
389 	case KEY_RSA:
390 		if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
391 			fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
392 		break;
393 	case KEY_DSA:
394 		if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
395 			fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
396 		break;
397 	case KEY_ECDSA:
398 		if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
399 			fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
400 		break;
401 	default:
402 		fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
403 	}
404 	exit(0);
405 }
406 
407 __dead static void
408 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
409 {
410 	struct sshkey *k;
411 	struct stat st;
412 	int r;
413 
414 	if (!have_identity)
415 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
416 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
417 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
418 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
419 		k = load_identity(identity_file, NULL);
420 	switch (convert_format) {
421 	case FMT_RFC4716:
422 		do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
423 		break;
424 	case FMT_PKCS8:
425 		do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
426 		break;
427 	case FMT_PEM:
428 		do_convert_to_pem(k);
429 		break;
430 	default:
431 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
432 	}
433 	exit(0);
434 }
435 
436 /*
437  * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
438  * instead of 16.
439  */
440 static void
441 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
442 {
443 	u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
444 	int r;
445 
446 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
447 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
448 	bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
449 	if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
450 		fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
451 		    __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
452 	if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
453 		fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
454 	if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
455 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
456 }
457 
458 static struct sshkey *
459 do_convert_private_ssh2(struct sshbuf *b)
460 {
461 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
462 	char *type, *cipher;
463 	u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
464 	int r, rlen, ktype;
465 	u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
466 	size_t slen;
467 	u_long e;
468 	BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL;
469 	BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key = NULL, *dsa_priv_key = NULL;
470 	BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL, *rsa_d = NULL;
471 	BIGNUM *rsa_p = NULL, *rsa_q = NULL, *rsa_iqmp = NULL;
472 
473 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
474 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
475 
476 	if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
477 		error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
478 		    SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
479 		return NULL;
480 	}
481 	if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
482 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
483 	    (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
484 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
485 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
486 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
487 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
488 	debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
489 	if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
490 		error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
491 		free(cipher);
492 		free(type);
493 		return NULL;
494 	}
495 	free(cipher);
496 
497 	if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
498 		ktype = KEY_DSA;
499 	} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
500 		ktype = KEY_RSA;
501 	} else {
502 		free(type);
503 		return NULL;
504 	}
505 	if ((key = sshkey_new(ktype)) == NULL)
506 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
507 	free(type);
508 
509 	switch (key->type) {
510 	case KEY_DSA:
511 		if ((dsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL ||
512 		    (dsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL ||
513 		    (dsa_g = BN_new()) == NULL ||
514 		    (dsa_pub_key = BN_new()) == NULL ||
515 		    (dsa_priv_key = BN_new()) == NULL)
516 			fatal("%s: BN_new", __func__);
517 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_p);
518 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_g);
519 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_q);
520 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_pub_key);
521 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_priv_key);
522 		if (!DSA_set0_pqg(key->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g))
523 			fatal("%s: DSA_set0_pqg failed", __func__);
524 		dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */
525 		if (!DSA_set0_key(key->dsa, dsa_pub_key, dsa_priv_key))
526 			fatal("%s: DSA_set0_key failed", __func__);
527 		dsa_pub_key = dsa_priv_key = NULL; /* transferred */
528 		break;
529 	case KEY_RSA:
530 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
531 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
532 		    (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
533 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
534 		e = e1;
535 		debug("e %lx", e);
536 		if (e < 30) {
537 			e <<= 8;
538 			e += e2;
539 			debug("e %lx", e);
540 			e <<= 8;
541 			e += e3;
542 			debug("e %lx", e);
543 		}
544 		if ((rsa_e = BN_new()) == NULL)
545 			fatal("%s: BN_new", __func__);
546 		if (!BN_set_word(rsa_e, e)) {
547 			BN_clear_free(rsa_e);
548 			sshkey_free(key);
549 			return NULL;
550 		}
551 		if ((rsa_n = BN_new()) == NULL ||
552 		    (rsa_d = BN_new()) == NULL ||
553 		    (rsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL ||
554 		    (rsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL ||
555 		    (rsa_iqmp = BN_new()) == NULL)
556 			fatal("%s: BN_new", __func__);
557 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_d);
558 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_n);
559 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_iqmp);
560 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_q);
561 		buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_p);
562 		if (!RSA_set0_key(key->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, rsa_d))
563 			fatal("%s: RSA_set0_key failed", __func__);
564 		rsa_n = rsa_e = rsa_d = NULL; /* transferred */
565 		if (!RSA_set0_factors(key->rsa, rsa_p, rsa_q))
566 			fatal("%s: RSA_set0_factors failed", __func__);
567 		rsa_p = rsa_q = NULL; /* transferred */
568 		if ((r = ssh_rsa_complete_crt_parameters(key, rsa_iqmp)) != 0)
569 			fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
570 		BN_clear_free(rsa_iqmp);
571 		break;
572 	}
573 	rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
574 	if (rlen != 0)
575 		error("%s: remaining bytes in key blob %d", __func__, rlen);
576 
577 	/* try the key */
578 	if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data),
579 	    NULL, NULL, 0) != 0 ||
580 	    sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data),
581 	    NULL, 0, NULL) != 0) {
582 		sshkey_free(key);
583 		free(sig);
584 		return NULL;
585 	}
586 	free(sig);
587 	return key;
588 }
589 
590 static int
591 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
592 {
593 	int c;
594 	size_t pos = 0;
595 
596 	line[0] = '\0';
597 	while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
598 		if (pos >= len - 1)
599 			fatal("input line too long.");
600 		switch (c) {
601 		case '\r':
602 			c = fgetc(fp);
603 			if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
604 				fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
605 			return pos;
606 		case '\n':
607 			return pos;
608 		}
609 		line[pos++] = c;
610 		line[pos] = '\0';
611 	}
612 	/* We reached EOF */
613 	return -1;
614 }
615 
616 static void
617 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
618 {
619 	int r, blen, escaped = 0;
620 	u_int len;
621 	char line[1024];
622 	struct sshbuf *buf;
623 	char encoded[8096];
624 	FILE *fp;
625 
626 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
627 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
628 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
629 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
630 	encoded[0] = '\0';
631 	while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
632 		if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
633 			escaped++;
634 		if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
635 		    strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
636 			if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
637 				*private = 1;
638 			if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
639 				break;
640 			}
641 			/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
642 			continue;
643 		}
644 		if (escaped) {
645 			escaped--;
646 			/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
647 			continue;
648 		}
649 		strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
650 	}
651 	len = strlen(encoded);
652 	if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
653 	    (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
654 	    (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
655 	    (encoded[len-3] == '='))
656 		encoded[len-3] = '\0';
657 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(buf, encoded)) != 0)
658 		fatal("%s: base64 decoding failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
659 	if (*private) {
660 		if ((*k = do_convert_private_ssh2(buf)) == NULL)
661 			fatal("%s: private key conversion failed", __func__);
662 	} else if ((r = sshkey_fromb(buf, k)) != 0)
663 		fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
664 	sshbuf_free(buf);
665 	fclose(fp);
666 }
667 
668 static void
669 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
670 {
671 	EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
672 	FILE *fp;
673 
674 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
675 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
676 	if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
677 		fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
678 		    identity_file);
679 	}
680 	fclose(fp);
681 	switch (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey)) {
682 	case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
683 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
684 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
685 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
686 		(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
687 		break;
688 	case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
689 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
690 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
691 		(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
692 		(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
693 		break;
694 	case EVP_PKEY_EC:
695 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
696 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
697 		(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
698 		(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
699 		(*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
700 		break;
701 	default:
702 		fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
703 		    EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey));
704 	}
705 	EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
706 	return;
707 }
708 
709 static void
710 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
711 {
712 	FILE *fp;
713 	RSA *rsa;
714 
715 	if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
716 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
717 	if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
718 		if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
719 			fatal("sshkey_new failed");
720 		(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
721 		(*k)->rsa = rsa;
722 		fclose(fp);
723 		return;
724 	}
725 	fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
726 }
727 
728 __dead static void
729 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
730 {
731 	struct sshkey *k = NULL;
732 	int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
733 	struct stat st;
734 
735 	if (!have_identity)
736 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
737 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
738 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
739 
740 	switch (convert_format) {
741 	case FMT_RFC4716:
742 		do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
743 		break;
744 	case FMT_PKCS8:
745 		do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
746 		break;
747 	case FMT_PEM:
748 		do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
749 		break;
750 	default:
751 		fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
752 	}
753 
754 	if (!private) {
755 		if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
756 			ok = 1;
757 		if (ok)
758 			fprintf(stdout, "\n");
759 	} else {
760 		switch (k->type) {
761 		case KEY_DSA:
762 			ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
763 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
764 			break;
765 		case KEY_ECDSA:
766 			ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
767 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
768 			break;
769 		case KEY_RSA:
770 			ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
771 			    NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
772 			break;
773 		default:
774 			fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
775 			    sshkey_type(k));
776 		}
777 	}
778 
779 	if (!ok)
780 		fatal("key write failed");
781 	sshkey_free(k);
782 	exit(0);
783 }
784 #endif
785 
786 __dead static void
787 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
788 {
789 	struct sshkey *prv;
790 	struct stat st;
791 	int r;
792 	char *comment = NULL;
793 
794 	if (!have_identity)
795 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
796 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
797 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
798 	prv = load_identity(identity_file, &comment);
799 	if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
800 		error("sshkey_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
801 	sshkey_free(prv);
802 	if (comment != NULL && *comment != '\0')
803 		fprintf(stdout, " %s", comment);
804 	fprintf(stdout, "\n");
805 	free(comment);
806 	exit(0);
807 }
808 
809 __dead static void
810 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
811 {
812 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
813 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
814 	int i, nkeys;
815 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
816 	int fptype;
817 	char *fp, *ra, **comments = NULL;
818 
819 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
820 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
821 
822 	pkcs11_init(1);
823 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys, &comments);
824 	if (nkeys <= 0)
825 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
826 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
827 		if (print_fingerprint) {
828 			fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
829 			ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
830 			    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
831 			if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
832 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
833 			printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
834 			    fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
835 			if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
836 				printf("%s\n", ra);
837 			free(ra);
838 			free(fp);
839 		} else {
840 			(void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
841 			fprintf(stdout, "%s%s\n",
842 			    *(comments[i]) == '\0' ? "" : " ", comments[i]);
843 		}
844 		free(comments[i]);
845 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
846 	}
847 	free(comments);
848 	free(keys);
849 	pkcs11_terminate();
850 	exit(0);
851 #else
852 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
853 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
854 }
855 
856 static struct sshkey *
857 try_read_key(char **cpp)
858 {
859 	struct sshkey *ret;
860 	int r;
861 
862 	if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
863 		fatal("sshkey_new failed");
864 	if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
865 		return ret;
866 	/* Not a key */
867 	sshkey_free(ret);
868 	return NULL;
869 }
870 
871 static void
872 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
873 {
874 	char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
875 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
876 	int fptype;
877 
878 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
879 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
880 	fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
881 	ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
882 	if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
883 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
884 	mprintf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
885 	    comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
886 	if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
887 		printf("%s\n", ra);
888 	free(ra);
889 	free(fp);
890 }
891 
892 static void
893 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
894 {
895 	struct stat st;
896 	char *comment = NULL;
897 	struct sshkey *privkey = NULL, *pubkey = NULL;
898 	int r;
899 
900 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
901 		fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
902 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &pubkey, &comment)) != 0)
903 		debug("load public \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
904 	if (pubkey == NULL || comment == NULL || *comment == '\0') {
905 		free(comment);
906 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
907 		    &privkey, &comment)) != 0)
908 			debug("load private \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
909 	}
910 	if (pubkey == NULL && privkey == NULL)
911 		fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
912 
913 	fingerprint_one_key(pubkey == NULL ? privkey : pubkey, comment);
914 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
915 	sshkey_free(privkey);
916 	free(comment);
917 }
918 
919 __dead static void
920 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
921 {
922 	FILE *f;
923 	struct sshkey *public = NULL;
924 	char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL;
925 	size_t linesize = 0;
926 	int i, invalid = 1;
927 	const char *path;
928 	u_long lnum = 0;
929 
930 	if (!have_identity)
931 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
932 	path = identity_file;
933 
934 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
935 		f = stdin;
936 		path = "(stdin)";
937 	} else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
938 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
939 
940 	while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) {
941 		lnum++;
942 		cp = line;
943 		cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
944 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
945 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
946 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
947 			continue;
948 
949 		/*
950 		 * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
951 		 * or known_hosts.
952 		 */
953 
954 		/*
955 		 * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
956 		 * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
957 		 * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
958 		 */
959 		if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
960 		    strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
961 			free(line);
962 			fclose(f);
963 			fingerprint_private(path);
964 			exit(0);
965 		}
966 
967 		/*
968 		 * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
969 		 * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
970 		 * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
971 		 */
972 		if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
973 			i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
974 			if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
975 			    (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
976 				int quoted = 0;
977 
978 				comment = cp;
979 				for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
980 				    *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
981 					if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
982 						cp++;	/* Skip both */
983 					else if (*cp == '"')
984 						quoted = !quoted;
985 				}
986 				if (!*cp)
987 					continue;
988 				*cp++ = '\0';
989 			}
990 		}
991 		/* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
992 		if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
993 			debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum);
994 			continue;
995 		}
996 
997 		/* Find trailing comment, if any */
998 		for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
999 			;
1000 		if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
1001 			comment = cp;
1002 
1003 		fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
1004 		sshkey_free(public);
1005 		invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
1006 	}
1007 	fclose(f);
1008 	free(line);
1009 
1010 	if (invalid)
1011 		fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
1012 	exit(0);
1013 }
1014 
1015 static void
1016 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
1017 {
1018 	struct {
1019 		const char *key_type;
1020 		const char *key_type_display;
1021 		const char *path;
1022 	} key_types[] = {
1023 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
1024 		{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
1025 		{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
1026 		{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
1027 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
1028 		{ "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
1029 #ifdef WITH_XMSS
1030 		{ "xmss", "XMSS",_PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE },
1031 #endif /* WITH_XMSS */
1032 		{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
1033 	};
1034 
1035 	u_int32_t bits = 0;
1036 	int first = 0;
1037 	struct stat st;
1038 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
1039 	char comment[1024], *prv_tmp, *pub_tmp, *prv_file, *pub_file;
1040 	int i, type, fd, r;
1041 
1042 	for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
1043 		public = private = NULL;
1044 		prv_tmp = pub_tmp = prv_file = pub_file = NULL;
1045 
1046 		xasprintf(&prv_file, "%s%s",
1047 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1048 
1049 		/* Check whether private key exists and is not zero-length */
1050 		if (stat(prv_file, &st) == 0) {
1051 			if (st.st_size != 0)
1052 				goto next;
1053 		} else if (errno != ENOENT) {
1054 			error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
1055 			    strerror(errno));
1056 			goto failnext;
1057 		}
1058 
1059 		/*
1060 		 * Private key doesn't exist or is invalid; proceed with
1061 		 * key generation.
1062 		 */
1063 		xasprintf(&prv_tmp, "%s%s.XXXXXXXXXX",
1064 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1065 		xasprintf(&pub_tmp, "%s%s.pub.XXXXXXXXXX",
1066 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1067 		xasprintf(&pub_file, "%s%s.pub",
1068 		    identity_file, key_types[i].path);
1069 
1070 		if (first == 0) {
1071 			first = 1;
1072 			printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
1073 		}
1074 		printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
1075 		fflush(stdout);
1076 		type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1077 		if ((fd = mkstemp(prv_tmp)) == -1) {
1078 			error("Could not save your private key in %s: %s",
1079 			    prv_tmp, strerror(errno));
1080 			goto failnext;
1081 		}
1082 		(void)close(fd); /* just using mkstemp() to reserve a name */
1083 		bits = 0;
1084 		type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1085 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1086 			error("sshkey_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1087 			goto failnext;
1088 		}
1089 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1090 			fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1091 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1092 		    hostname);
1093 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, prv_tmp, "",
1094 		    comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher,
1095 		    rounds)) != 0) {
1096 			error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1097 			    prv_tmp, ssh_err(r));
1098 			goto failnext;
1099 		}
1100 		if ((fd = mkstemp(pub_tmp)) == -1) {
1101 			error("Could not save your public key in %s: %s",
1102 			    pub_tmp, strerror(errno));
1103 			goto failnext;
1104 		}
1105 		(void)fchmod(fd, 0644);
1106 		(void)close(fd);
1107 		if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, pub_tmp, comment)) != 0) {
1108 			fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
1109 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1110 			goto failnext;
1111 		}
1112 
1113 		/* Rename temporary files to their permanent locations. */
1114 		if (rename(pub_tmp, pub_file) != 0) {
1115 			error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1116 			    pub_file, strerror(errno));
1117 			goto failnext;
1118 		}
1119 		if (rename(prv_tmp, prv_file) != 0) {
1120 			error("Unable to move %s into position: %s",
1121 			    key_types[i].path, strerror(errno));
1122  failnext:
1123 			first = 0;
1124 			goto next;
1125 		}
1126  next:
1127 		sshkey_free(private);
1128 		sshkey_free(public);
1129 		free(prv_tmp);
1130 		free(pub_tmp);
1131 		free(prv_file);
1132 		free(pub_file);
1133 	}
1134 	if (first != 0)
1135 		printf("\n");
1136 }
1137 
1138 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1139 	const char *host;	/* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1140 	FILE *out;		/* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1141 	int has_unhashed;	/* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1142 	int found_key;		/* For find/delete, host was found */
1143 	int invalid;		/* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1144 	int hash_hosts;		/* Hash hostnames as we go */
1145 	int find_host;		/* Search for specific hostname */
1146 	int delete_host;	/* Delete host from known_hosts */
1147 };
1148 
1149 static int
1150 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1151 {
1152 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1153 	char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1154 	int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1155 	int was_hashed = l->hosts && l->hosts[0] == HASH_DELIM;
1156 
1157 	switch (l->status) {
1158 	case HKF_STATUS_OK:
1159 	case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1160 		/*
1161 		 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1162 		 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1163 		 */
1164 		if (was_hashed || has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1165 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1166 			if (has_wild && !ctx->find_host) {
1167 				logit("%s:%lu: ignoring host name "
1168 				    "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1169 				    l->linenum, l->hosts);
1170 			}
1171 			return 0;
1172 		}
1173 		/*
1174 		 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1175 		 * hash and store separately.
1176 		 */
1177 		ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1178 		while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1179 			lowercase(cp);
1180 			if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1181 				fatal("hash_host failed");
1182 			fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1183 			ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1184 		}
1185 		free(ohosts);
1186 		return 0;
1187 	case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1188 		/* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1189 		ctx->invalid = 1;
1190 		logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1191 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
1192 	default:
1193 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1194 		return 0;
1195 	}
1196 	/* NOTREACHED */
1197 	return -1;
1198 }
1199 
1200 static int
1201 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1202 {
1203 	struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1204 	enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1205 	int fptype;
1206 	char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
1207 
1208 	fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1209 	rep =    print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1210 
1211 	if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1212 		if (ctx->delete_host) {
1213 			if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1214 				/* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1215 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1216 			} else {
1217 				/*
1218 				 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1219 				 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1220 				 * line to ctx->out.
1221 				 */
1222 				ctx->found_key = 1;
1223 				if (!quiet)
1224 					printf("# Host %s found: line %lu\n",
1225 					    ctx->host, l->linenum);
1226 			}
1227 			return 0;
1228 		} else if (ctx->find_host) {
1229 			ctx->found_key = 1;
1230 			if (!quiet) {
1231 				printf("# Host %s found: line %lu %s\n",
1232 				    ctx->host,
1233 				    l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1234 				    (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1235 			}
1236 			if (ctx->hash_hosts)
1237 				known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1238 			else if (print_fingerprint) {
1239 				fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1240 				ra = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key,
1241 				    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
1242 				if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
1243 					fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed",
1244 					    __func__);
1245 				mprintf("%s %s %s%s%s\n", ctx->host,
1246 				    sshkey_type(l->key), fp,
1247 				    l->comment[0] ? " " : "",
1248 				    l->comment);
1249 				if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
1250 					printf("%s\n", ra);
1251 				free(ra);
1252 				free(fp);
1253 			} else
1254 				fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1255 			return 0;
1256 		}
1257 	} else if (ctx->delete_host) {
1258 		/* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1259 		if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1260 			ctx->invalid = 1;
1261 			logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1262 		}
1263 		fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1264 	}
1265 	return 0;
1266 }
1267 
1268 __dead static void
1269 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name, int find_host,
1270     int delete_host, int hash_hosts)
1271 {
1272 	char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1273 	int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1274 	struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1275 	u_int foreach_options;
1276 
1277 	if (!have_identity) {
1278 		cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1279 		if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1280 		    sizeof(identity_file))
1281 			fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1282 		free(cp);
1283 		have_identity = 1;
1284 	}
1285 
1286 	memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1287 	ctx.out = stdout;
1288 	ctx.host = name;
1289 	ctx.hash_hosts = hash_hosts;
1290 	ctx.find_host = find_host;
1291 	ctx.delete_host = delete_host;
1292 
1293 	/*
1294 	 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1295 	 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1296 	 */
1297 	if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1298 		if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1299 		    strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1300 		    strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1301 		    strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1302 			fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1303 		umask(077);
1304 		if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1305 			fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1306 		if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1307 			oerrno = errno;
1308 			unlink(tmp);
1309 			fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1310 		}
1311 		inplace = 1;
1312 	}
1313 	/* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1314 	foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1315 	foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1316 	if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file, (find_host || !hash_hosts) ?
1317 	    known_hosts_find_delete : known_hosts_hash, &ctx, name, NULL,
1318 	    foreach_options)) != 0) {
1319 		if (inplace)
1320 			unlink(tmp);
1321 		fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1322 	}
1323 
1324 	if (inplace)
1325 		fclose(ctx.out);
1326 
1327 	if (ctx.invalid) {
1328 		error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1329 		if (inplace) {
1330 			error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1331 			    "file because of errors");
1332 			unlink(tmp);
1333 		}
1334 		exit(1);
1335 	} else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1336 		logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1337 		if (inplace)
1338 			unlink(tmp);
1339 	} else if (inplace) {
1340 		/* Backup existing file */
1341 		if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1342 			fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1343 		if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1344 			fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1345 			    strerror(errno));
1346 		/* Move new one into place */
1347 		if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1348 			error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1349 			    strerror(errno));
1350 			unlink(tmp);
1351 			unlink(old);
1352 			exit(1);
1353 		}
1354 
1355 		printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1356 		printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1357 		if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1358 			logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1359 			logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1360 			    "of hostnames");
1361 		}
1362 	}
1363 
1364 	exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1365 }
1366 
1367 /*
1368  * Perform changing a passphrase.  The argument is the passwd structure
1369  * for the current user.
1370  */
1371 __dead static void
1372 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1373 {
1374 	char *comment;
1375 	char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1376 	struct stat st;
1377 	struct sshkey *private;
1378 	int r;
1379 
1380 	if (!have_identity)
1381 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1382 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
1383 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1384 	/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1385 	r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1386 	if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1387 		if (identity_passphrase)
1388 			old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1389 		else
1390 			old_passphrase =
1391 			    read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1392 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1393 		r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1394 		    &private, &comment);
1395 		freezero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1396 		if (r != 0)
1397 			goto badkey;
1398 	} else if (r != 0) {
1399  badkey:
1400 		fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1401 	}
1402 	if (comment)
1403 		mprintf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1404 
1405 	/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1406 	if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1407 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1408 		passphrase2 = NULL;
1409 	} else {
1410 		passphrase1 =
1411 			read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1412 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1413 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1414 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1415 
1416 		/* Verify that they are the same. */
1417 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1418 			explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1419 			explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1420 			free(passphrase1);
1421 			free(passphrase2);
1422 			printf("Pass phrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
1423 			exit(1);
1424 		}
1425 		/* Destroy the other copy. */
1426 		freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1427 	}
1428 
1429 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1430 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1431 	    comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1432 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1433 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1434 		freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1435 		sshkey_free(private);
1436 		free(comment);
1437 		exit(1);
1438 	}
1439 	/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1440 	freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1441 	sshkey_free(private);		 /* Destroys contents */
1442 	free(comment);
1443 
1444 	printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1445 	exit(0);
1446 }
1447 
1448 /*
1449  * Print the SSHFP RR.
1450  */
1451 static int
1452 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, const char *fname,
1453     const char *hname, int print_generic)
1454 {
1455 	struct sshkey *public;
1456 	char *comment = NULL;
1457 	struct stat st;
1458 	int r;
1459 
1460 	if (fname == NULL)
1461 		fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1462 	if (stat(fname, &st) == -1) {
1463 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1464 			return 0;
1465 		fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1466 	}
1467 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1468 		fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1469 		    fname, ssh_err(r));
1470 	export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1471 	sshkey_free(public);
1472 	free(comment);
1473 	return 1;
1474 }
1475 
1476 /*
1477  * Change the comment of a private key file.
1478  */
1479 __dead static void
1480 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw, const char *identity_comment)
1481 {
1482 	char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1483 	struct sshkey *private;
1484 	struct sshkey *public;
1485 	struct stat st;
1486 	int r;
1487 
1488 	if (!have_identity)
1489 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1490 	if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
1491 		fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1492 	if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1493 	    &private, &comment)) == 0)
1494 		passphrase = xstrdup("");
1495 	else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1496 		fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1497 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1498 	else {
1499 		if (identity_passphrase)
1500 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1501 		else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1502 			passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1503 		else
1504 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1505 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1506 		/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1507 		if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1508 		    &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1509 			freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1510 			fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1511 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1512 		}
1513 	}
1514 
1515 	if (private->type != KEY_ED25519 && private->type != KEY_XMSS &&
1516 	    private_key_format != SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH) {
1517 		error("Comments are only supported for keys stored in "
1518 		    "the new format (-o).");
1519 		explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1520 		sshkey_free(private);
1521 		exit(1);
1522 	}
1523 	if (comment)
1524 		printf("Old comment: %s\n", comment);
1525 	else
1526 		printf("No existing comment\n");
1527 
1528 	if (identity_comment) {
1529 		strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1530 	} else {
1531 		printf("New comment: ");
1532 		fflush(stdout);
1533 		if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1534 			explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1535 			sshkey_free(private);
1536 			exit(1);
1537 		}
1538 		new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1539 	}
1540 	if (comment != NULL && strcmp(comment, new_comment) == 0) {
1541 		printf("No change to comment\n");
1542 		free(passphrase);
1543 		sshkey_free(private);
1544 		free(comment);
1545 		exit(0);
1546 	}
1547 
1548 	/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1549 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1550 	    new_comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher,
1551 	    rounds)) != 0) {
1552 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1553 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1554 		freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1555 		sshkey_free(private);
1556 		free(comment);
1557 		exit(1);
1558 	}
1559 	freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1560 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1561 		fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1562 	sshkey_free(private);
1563 
1564 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1565 	if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, new_comment)) != 0) {
1566 		fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
1567 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1568 	}
1569 	sshkey_free(public);
1570 	free(comment);
1571 
1572 	if (strlen(new_comment) > 0)
1573 		printf("Comment '%s' applied\n", new_comment);
1574 	else
1575 		printf("Comment removed\n");
1576 
1577 	exit(0);
1578 }
1579 
1580 static void
1581 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1582 {
1583 	int r;
1584 
1585 	debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1586 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1587 	    (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1588 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1589 }
1590 
1591 static void
1592 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1593 {
1594 	struct sshbuf *b;
1595 	int r;
1596 
1597 	debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1598 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1599 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1600 	if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1601 	    (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1602 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1603 		fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1604 
1605 	sshbuf_free(b);
1606 }
1607 
1608 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL	1
1609 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS	2
1610 static void
1611 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1612 {
1613 	size_t i;
1614 
1615 	sshbuf_reset(c);
1616 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1617 	    certflags_command != NULL)
1618 		add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1619 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1620 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1621 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1622 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1623 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1624 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1625 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1626 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1627 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1628 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1629 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1630 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1631 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1632 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1633 		add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1634 	if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1635 	    (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE) != 0)
1636 		add_flag_option(c, "no-touch-required");
1637 	if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1638 	    certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1639 		add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1640 	for (i = 0; i < ncert_userext; i++) {
1641 		if ((cert_userext[i].crit && (which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS)) ||
1642 		    (!cert_userext[i].crit && (which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL)))
1643 			continue;
1644 		if (cert_userext[i].val == NULL)
1645 			add_flag_option(c, cert_userext[i].key);
1646 		else {
1647 			add_string_option(c, cert_userext[i].key,
1648 			    cert_userext[i].val);
1649 		}
1650 	}
1651 }
1652 
1653 static struct sshkey *
1654 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1655 {
1656 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1657 	struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1658 	int r, i, nkeys;
1659 
1660 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1661 		fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1662 		    path, ssh_err(r));
1663 
1664 	nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase,
1665 	    &keys, NULL);
1666 	debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1667 	if (nkeys <= 0)
1668 		fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1669 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1670 		if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1671 			private = keys[i];
1672 			continue;
1673 		}
1674 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1675 	}
1676 	free(keys);
1677 	sshkey_free(public);
1678 	return private;
1679 #else
1680 	fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1681 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1682 }
1683 
1684 /* Signer for sshkey_certify_custom that uses the agent */
1685 static int
1686 agent_signer(struct sshkey *key, u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp,
1687     const u_char *data, size_t datalen,
1688     const char *alg, const char *provider, u_int compat, void *ctx)
1689 {
1690 	int *agent_fdp = (int *)ctx;
1691 
1692 	return ssh_agent_sign(*agent_fdp, key, sigp, lenp,
1693 	    data, datalen, alg, compat);
1694 }
1695 
1696 __dead static void
1697 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, const char *ca_key_path, int prefer_agent,
1698     unsigned long long cert_serial, int cert_serial_autoinc,
1699     int argc, char **argv)
1700 {
1701 	int r, i, found, agent_fd = -1;
1702 	u_int n;
1703 	struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1704 	char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment;
1705 	char *ca_fp = NULL, **plist = NULL;
1706 	struct ssh_identitylist *agent_ids;
1707 	size_t j;
1708 	struct notifier_ctx *notifier = NULL;
1709 
1710 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1711 	pkcs11_init(1);
1712 #endif
1713 	tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1714 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1715 		/* If a PKCS#11 token was specified then try to use it */
1716 		if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1717 			fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1718 	} else if (prefer_agent) {
1719 		/*
1720 		 * Agent signature requested. Try to use agent after making
1721 		 * sure the public key specified is actually present in the
1722 		 * agent.
1723 		 */
1724 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
1725 			fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
1726 			    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1727 		if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0)
1728 			fatal("Cannot use public key for CA signature: %s",
1729 			    ssh_err(r));
1730 		if ((r = ssh_fetch_identitylist(agent_fd, &agent_ids)) != 0)
1731 			fatal("Retrieve agent key list: %s", ssh_err(r));
1732 		found = 0;
1733 		for (j = 0; j < agent_ids->nkeys; j++) {
1734 			if (sshkey_equal(ca, agent_ids->keys[j])) {
1735 				found = 1;
1736 				break;
1737 			}
1738 		}
1739 		if (!found)
1740 			fatal("CA key %s not found in agent", tmp);
1741 		ssh_free_identitylist(agent_ids);
1742 		ca->flags |= SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT;
1743 	} else {
1744 		/* CA key is assumed to be a private key on the filesystem */
1745 		ca = load_identity(tmp, NULL);
1746 	}
1747 	free(tmp);
1748 
1749 	if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1750 		if (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type) {
1751 			fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s",
1752 			    sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name);
1753 		}
1754 	} else if (ca->type == KEY_RSA) {
1755 		/* Default to a good signature algorithm */
1756 		key_type_name = "rsa-sha2-512";
1757 	}
1758 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(ca, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1759 
1760 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1761 		/* Split list of principals */
1762 		n = 0;
1763 		if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1764 			otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1765 			plist = NULL;
1766 			for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1767 				plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1768 				if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1769 					fatal("Empty principal name");
1770 			}
1771 			free(otmp);
1772 		}
1773 		if (n > SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS)
1774 			fatal("Too many certificate principals specified");
1775 
1776 		tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1777 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1778 			fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1779 			    __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1780 		if (sshkey_is_cert(public))
1781 			fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1782 			    __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1783 
1784 		/* Prepare certificate to sign */
1785 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1786 			fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1787 			    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1788 		public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1789 		public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1790 		public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1791 		public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1792 		public->cert->principals = plist;
1793 		public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1794 		public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1795 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1796 		prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1797 		    OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1798 		if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1799 		    &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1800 			fatal("sshkey_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1801 
1802 		if (agent_fd != -1 && (ca->flags & SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT) != 0) {
1803 			if ((r = sshkey_certify_custom(public, ca,
1804 			    key_type_name, sk_provider, agent_signer,
1805 			    &agent_fd)) != 0)
1806 				fatal("Couldn't certify key %s via agent: %s",
1807 				    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1808 		} else {
1809 			if (sshkey_is_sk(ca) &&
1810 			    (ca->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) {
1811 				notifier = notify_start(0,
1812 				    "Confirm user presence for key %s %s",
1813 				    sshkey_type(ca), ca_fp);
1814 			}
1815 			r = sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name,
1816 			    sk_provider);
1817 			notify_complete(notifier);
1818 			if (r != 0)
1819 				fatal("Couldn't certify key %s: %s",
1820 				    tmp, ssh_err(r));
1821 		}
1822 
1823 		if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1824 			*cp = '\0';
1825 		xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1826 		free(tmp);
1827 
1828 		if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, out, comment)) != 0) {
1829 			fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
1830 			    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1831 		}
1832 
1833 		if (!quiet) {
1834 			sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1835 			    valid, sizeof(valid));
1836 			logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1837 			    "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1838 			    out, public->cert->key_id,
1839 			    (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1840 			    cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1841 			    cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1842 			    valid);
1843 		}
1844 
1845 		sshkey_free(public);
1846 		free(out);
1847 		if (cert_serial_autoinc)
1848 			cert_serial++;
1849 	}
1850 	free(ca_fp);
1851 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1852 	pkcs11_terminate();
1853 #endif
1854 	exit(0);
1855 }
1856 
1857 static u_int64_t
1858 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1859 {
1860 	int64_t mul, secs;
1861 
1862 	mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1863 
1864 	if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1865 		fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1866 	if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1867 		fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1868 	return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1869 }
1870 
1871 static void
1872 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1873 {
1874 	char *from, *to;
1875 	time_t now = time(NULL);
1876 	int64_t secs;
1877 
1878 	/* +timespec relative to now */
1879 	if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1880 		if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1881 			fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1882 		cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1883 		/*
1884 		 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1885 		 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1886 		 */
1887 		cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1888 		return;
1889 	}
1890 
1891 	/*
1892 	 * from:to, where
1893 	 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "always"
1894 	 *   to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | "forever"
1895 	 */
1896 	from = xstrdup(timespec);
1897 	to = strchr(from, ':');
1898 	if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1899 		fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1900 	*to++ = '\0';
1901 
1902 	if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1903 		cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1904 	else if (strcmp(from, "always") == 0)
1905 		cert_valid_from = 0;
1906 	else if (parse_absolute_time(from, &cert_valid_from) != 0)
1907 		fatal("Invalid from time \"%s\"", from);
1908 
1909 	if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1910 		cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1911 	else if (strcmp(to, "forever") == 0)
1912 		cert_valid_to = ~(u_int64_t)0;
1913 	else if (parse_absolute_time(to, &cert_valid_to) != 0)
1914 		fatal("Invalid to time \"%s\"", to);
1915 
1916 	if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1917 		fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1918 	free(from);
1919 }
1920 
1921 static void
1922 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1923 {
1924 	char *val, *cp;
1925 	int iscrit = 0;
1926 
1927 	if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1928 		certflags_flags = 0;
1929 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1930 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1931 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1932 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1933 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1934 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1935 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1936 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1937 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1938 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1939 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1940 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1941 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1942 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1943 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1944 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1945 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1946 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1947 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1948 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1949 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "touch-required") == 0)
1950 		certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE;
1951 	else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-touch-required") == 0)
1952 		certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE;
1953 	else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1954 		val = opt + 14;
1955 		if (*val == '\0')
1956 			fatal("Empty force-command option");
1957 		if (certflags_command != NULL)
1958 			fatal("force-command already specified");
1959 		certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1960 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1961 		val = opt + 15;
1962 		if (*val == '\0')
1963 			fatal("Empty source-address option");
1964 		if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1965 			fatal("source-address already specified");
1966 		if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1967 			fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1968 		certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1969 	} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "extension:", 10) == 0 ||
1970 		   (iscrit = (strncasecmp(opt, "critical:", 9) == 0))) {
1971 		val = xstrdup(strchr(opt, ':') + 1);
1972 		if ((cp = strchr(val, '=')) != NULL)
1973 			*cp++ = '\0';
1974 		cert_userext = xreallocarray(cert_userext, ncert_userext + 1,
1975 		    sizeof(*cert_userext));
1976 		cert_userext[ncert_userext].key = val;
1977 		cert_userext[ncert_userext].val = cp == NULL ?
1978 		    NULL : xstrdup(cp);
1979 		cert_userext[ncert_userext].crit = iscrit;
1980 		ncert_userext++;
1981 	} else
1982 		fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1983 }
1984 
1985 static void
1986 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1987 {
1988 	char *name, *arg;
1989 	struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1990 	int r;
1991 
1992 	if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1993 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1994 	while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1995 		sshbuf_free(option);
1996 		option = NULL;
1997 		if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1998 		    (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1999 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2000 		printf("                %s", name);
2001 		if (!in_critical &&
2002 		    (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
2003 		    strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
2004 		    strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
2005 		    strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
2006 		    strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0 ||
2007 		    strcmp(name, "no-touch-required") == 0)) {
2008 			printf("\n");
2009 		} else if (in_critical &&
2010 		    (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
2011 		    strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
2012 			if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
2013 				fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
2014 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2015 			printf(" %s\n", arg);
2016 			free(arg);
2017 		} else {
2018 			printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
2019 			    sshbuf_len(option));
2020 			sshbuf_reset(option);
2021 		}
2022 		free(name);
2023 		if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
2024 			fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
2025 	}
2026 	sshbuf_free(option);
2027 	sshbuf_free(options);
2028 }
2029 
2030 static void
2031 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
2032 {
2033 	char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
2034 	u_int i;
2035 
2036 	key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2037 	ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
2038 	    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
2039 	if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
2040 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
2041 	sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
2042 
2043 	printf("        Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
2044 	    sshkey_cert_type(key));
2045 	printf("        Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
2046 	printf("        Signing CA: %s %s (using %s)\n",
2047 	    sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp,
2048 	    key->cert->signature_type);
2049 	printf("        Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
2050 	printf("        Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
2051 	printf("        Valid: %s\n", valid);
2052 	printf("        Principals: ");
2053 	if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
2054 		printf("(none)\n");
2055 	else {
2056 		for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
2057 			printf("\n                %s",
2058 			    key->cert->principals[i]);
2059 		printf("\n");
2060 	}
2061 	printf("        Critical Options: ");
2062 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
2063 		printf("(none)\n");
2064 	else {
2065 		printf("\n");
2066 		show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
2067 	}
2068 	printf("        Extensions: ");
2069 	if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
2070 		printf("(none)\n");
2071 	else {
2072 		printf("\n");
2073 		show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
2074 	}
2075 }
2076 
2077 __dead static void
2078 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
2079 {
2080 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2081 	struct stat st;
2082 	int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
2083 	FILE *f;
2084 	char *cp, *line = NULL;
2085 	const char *path;
2086 	size_t linesize = 0;
2087 	u_long lnum = 0;
2088 
2089 	if (!have_identity)
2090 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
2091 	if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) == -1)
2092 		fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
2093 
2094 	path = identity_file;
2095 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2096 		f = stdin;
2097 		path = "(stdin)";
2098 		is_stdin = 1;
2099 	} else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
2100 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2101 
2102 	while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) {
2103 		lnum++;
2104 		sshkey_free(key);
2105 		key = NULL;
2106 		/* Trim leading space and comments */
2107 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2108 		if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
2109 			continue;
2110 		if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2111 			fatal("sshkey_new");
2112 		if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
2113 			error("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s", path,
2114 			    lnum, ssh_err(r));
2115 			continue;
2116 		}
2117 		if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
2118 			error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
2119 			continue;
2120 		}
2121 		ok = 1;
2122 		if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
2123 			printf("%s:\n", path);
2124 		else
2125 			printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
2126 		print_cert(key);
2127 	}
2128 	free(line);
2129 	sshkey_free(key);
2130 	fclose(f);
2131 	exit(ok ? 0 : 1);
2132 }
2133 
2134 static void
2135 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
2136 {
2137 	struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
2138 	int r;
2139 
2140 	if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(path, &krlbuf)) != 0)
2141 		fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
2142 	/* XXX check sigs */
2143 	if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
2144 	    *krlp == NULL)
2145 		fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
2146 	sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
2147 }
2148 
2149 static void
2150 hash_to_blob(const char *cp, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp,
2151     const char *file, u_long lnum)
2152 {
2153 	char *tmp;
2154 	size_t tlen;
2155 	struct sshbuf *b;
2156 	int r;
2157 
2158 	if (strncmp(cp, "SHA256:", 7) != 0)
2159 		fatal("%s:%lu: unsupported hash algorithm", file, lnum);
2160 	cp += 7;
2161 
2162 	/*
2163 	 * OpenSSH base64 hashes omit trailing '='
2164 	 * characters; put them back for decode.
2165 	 */
2166 	tlen = strlen(cp);
2167 	tmp = xmalloc(tlen + 4 + 1);
2168 	strlcpy(tmp, cp, tlen + 1);
2169 	while ((tlen % 4) != 0) {
2170 		tmp[tlen++] = '=';
2171 		tmp[tlen] = '\0';
2172 	}
2173 	if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2174 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
2175 	if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(b, tmp)) != 0)
2176 		fatal("%s:%lu: decode hash failed: %s", file, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2177 	free(tmp);
2178 	*lenp = sshbuf_len(b);
2179 	*blobp = xmalloc(*lenp);
2180 	memcpy(*blobp, sshbuf_ptr(b), *lenp);
2181 	sshbuf_free(b);
2182 }
2183 
2184 static void
2185 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
2186     const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
2187 {
2188 	struct sshkey *key = NULL;
2189 	u_long lnum = 0;
2190 	char *path, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL;
2191 	u_char *blob = NULL;
2192 	size_t blen = 0, linesize = 0;
2193 	unsigned long long serial, serial2;
2194 	int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, was_sha256, was_hash, r;
2195 	FILE *krl_spec;
2196 
2197 	path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
2198 	if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2199 		krl_spec = stdin;
2200 		free(path);
2201 		path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2202 	} else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2203 		fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2204 
2205 	if (!quiet)
2206 		printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2207 	while (getline(&line, &linesize, krl_spec) != -1) {
2208 		lnum++;
2209 		was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = was_sha256 = was_hash = 0;
2210 		cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2211 		/* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2212 		for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2213 			if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2214 				cp[i] = '\0';
2215 				break;
2216 			}
2217 			if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2218 				/* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2219 				if (r == -1)
2220 					r = i;
2221 			} else
2222 				r = -1;
2223 		}
2224 		if (r != -1)
2225 			cp[r] = '\0';
2226 		if (*cp == '\0')
2227 			continue;
2228 		if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2229 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2230 				fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2231 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2232 			}
2233 			cp += 7;
2234 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2235 			errno = 0;
2236 			serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2237 			if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2238 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2239 				    path, lnum, cp);
2240 			if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2241 				fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2242 				    path, lnum);
2243 			serial2 = serial;
2244 			if (*ep == '-') {
2245 				cp = ep + 1;
2246 				errno = 0;
2247 				serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2248 				if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2249 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2250 					    path, lnum, cp);
2251 				if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2252 					fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2253 					    path, lnum);
2254 				if (serial2 <= serial)
2255 					fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2256 					    "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2257 					    (unsigned long long)serial,
2258 					    (unsigned long long)serial2);
2259 			}
2260 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2261 			    ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2262 				fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2263 				    __func__);
2264 			}
2265 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2266 			if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2267 				fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2268 				    "requires specification of a CA key");
2269 			}
2270 			cp += 3;
2271 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2272 			if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2273 				fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2274 		} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "hash:", 5) == 0) {
2275 			cp += 5;
2276 			cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2277 			hash_to_blob(cp, &blob, &blen, file, lnum);
2278 			r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen);
2279 			if (r != 0)
2280 				fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2281 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2282 		} else {
2283 			if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2284 				cp += 4;
2285 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2286 				was_explicit_key = 1;
2287 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2288 				cp += 5;
2289 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2290 				was_sha1 = 1;
2291 			} else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha256:", 7) == 0) {
2292 				cp += 7;
2293 				cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2294 				was_sha256 = 1;
2295 				/*
2296 				 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2297 				 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2298 				 */
2299 			}
2300 			if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2301 				fatal("sshkey_new");
2302 			if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2303 				fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2304 				    path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2305 			if (was_explicit_key)
2306 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2307 			else if (was_sha1) {
2308 				if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key,
2309 				    SSH_DIGEST_SHA1, &blob, &blen) != 0) {
2310 					fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed",
2311 					    file, lnum);
2312 				}
2313 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, blob, blen);
2314 			} else if (was_sha256) {
2315 				if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key,
2316 				    SSH_DIGEST_SHA256, &blob, &blen) != 0) {
2317 					fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed",
2318 					    file, lnum);
2319 				}
2320 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen);
2321 			} else
2322 				r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2323 			if (r != 0)
2324 				fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2325 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2326 			freezero(blob, blen);
2327 			blob = NULL;
2328 			blen = 0;
2329 			sshkey_free(key);
2330 		}
2331 	}
2332 	if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2333 		fclose(krl_spec);
2334 	free(line);
2335 	free(path);
2336 }
2337 
2338 static void
2339 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, const char *ca_key_path,
2340     unsigned long long krl_version, const char *krl_comment,
2341     int argc, char **argv)
2342 {
2343 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2344 	struct stat sb;
2345 	struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2346 	int i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2347 	char *tmp;
2348 	struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2349 
2350 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2351 		fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2352 	if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2353 		if (errno != ENOENT)
2354 			fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2355 			    identity_file, strerror(errno));
2356 		if (updating)
2357 			fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2358 	}
2359 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2360 		if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2361 			wild_ca = 1;
2362 		else {
2363 			tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2364 			if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2365 				fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2366 				    tmp, ssh_err(r));
2367 			free(tmp);
2368 		}
2369 	}
2370 
2371 	if (updating)
2372 		load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2373 	else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2374 		fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2375 
2376 	if (krl_version != 0)
2377 		ssh_krl_set_version(krl, krl_version);
2378 	if (krl_comment != NULL)
2379 		ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, krl_comment);
2380 
2381 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2382 		update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2383 
2384 	if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2385 		fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2386 	if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2387 		fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2388 	if ((r = sshbuf_write_file(identity_file, kbuf)) != 0)
2389 		fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2390 	sshbuf_free(kbuf);
2391 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2392 	sshkey_free(ca);
2393 }
2394 
2395 __dead static void
2396 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int print_krl, int argc, char **argv)
2397 {
2398 	int i, r, ret = 0;
2399 	char *comment;
2400 	struct ssh_krl *krl;
2401 	struct sshkey *k;
2402 
2403 	if (*identity_file == '\0')
2404 		fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2405 	load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2406 	if (print_krl)
2407 		krl_dump(krl, stdout);
2408 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2409 		if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2410 			fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2411 			    argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2412 		r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2413 		printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2414 		    *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2415 		    r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2416 		if (r != 0)
2417 			ret = 1;
2418 		sshkey_free(k);
2419 		free(comment);
2420 	}
2421 	ssh_krl_free(krl);
2422 	exit(ret);
2423 }
2424 
2425 static struct sshkey *
2426 load_sign_key(const char *keypath, const struct sshkey *pubkey)
2427 {
2428 	size_t i, slen, plen = strlen(keypath);
2429 	char *privpath = xstrdup(keypath);
2430 	const char *suffixes[] = { "-cert.pub", ".pub", NULL };
2431 	struct sshkey *ret = NULL, *privkey = NULL;
2432 	int r;
2433 
2434 	/*
2435 	 * If passed a public key filename, then try to locate the corresponding
2436 	 * private key. This lets us specify certificates on the command-line
2437 	 * and have ssh-keygen find the appropriate private key.
2438 	 */
2439 	for (i = 0; suffixes[i]; i++) {
2440 		slen = strlen(suffixes[i]);
2441 		if (plen <= slen ||
2442 		    strcmp(privpath + plen - slen, suffixes[i]) != 0)
2443 			continue;
2444 		privpath[plen - slen] = '\0';
2445 		debug("%s: %s looks like a public key, using private key "
2446 		    "path %s instead", __func__, keypath, privpath);
2447 	}
2448 	if ((privkey = load_identity(privpath, NULL)) == NULL) {
2449 		error("Couldn't load identity %s", keypath);
2450 		goto done;
2451 	}
2452 	if (!sshkey_equal_public(pubkey, privkey)) {
2453 		error("Public key %s doesn't match private %s",
2454 		    keypath, privpath);
2455 		goto done;
2456 	}
2457 	if (sshkey_is_cert(pubkey) && !sshkey_is_cert(privkey)) {
2458 		/*
2459 		 * Graft the certificate onto the private key to make
2460 		 * it capable of signing.
2461 		 */
2462 		if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(privkey)) != 0) {
2463 			error("%s: sshkey_to_certified: %s", __func__,
2464 			    ssh_err(r));
2465 			goto done;
2466 		}
2467 		if ((r = sshkey_cert_copy(pubkey, privkey)) != 0) {
2468 			error("%s: sshkey_cert_copy: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2469 			goto done;
2470 		}
2471 	}
2472 	/* success */
2473 	ret = privkey;
2474 	privkey = NULL;
2475  done:
2476 	sshkey_free(privkey);
2477 	free(privpath);
2478 	return ret;
2479 }
2480 
2481 static int
2482 sign_one(struct sshkey *signkey, const char *filename, int fd,
2483     const char *sig_namespace, sshsig_signer *signer, void *signer_ctx)
2484 {
2485 	struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2486 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, wfd = -1, oerrno;
2487 	char *wfile = NULL, *asig = NULL, *fp = NULL;
2488 
2489 	if (!quiet) {
2490 		if (fd == STDIN_FILENO)
2491 			fprintf(stderr, "Signing data on standard input\n");
2492 		else
2493 			fprintf(stderr, "Signing file %s\n", filename);
2494 	}
2495 	if (signer == NULL && sshkey_is_sk(signkey) &&
2496 	    (signkey->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) {
2497 		if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(signkey, fingerprint_hash,
2498 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2499 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
2500 		fprintf(stderr, "Confirm user presence for key %s %s\n",
2501 		    sshkey_type(signkey), fp);
2502 		free(fp);
2503 	}
2504 	if ((r = sshsig_sign_fd(signkey, NULL, sk_provider, fd, sig_namespace,
2505 	    &sigbuf, signer, signer_ctx)) != 0) {
2506 		error("Signing %s failed: %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
2507 		goto out;
2508 	}
2509 	if ((r = sshsig_armor(sigbuf, &abuf)) != 0) {
2510 		error("%s: sshsig_armor: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2511 		goto out;
2512 	}
2513 	if ((asig = sshbuf_dup_string(abuf)) == NULL) {
2514 		error("%s: buffer error", __func__);
2515 		r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL;
2516 		goto out;
2517 	}
2518 
2519 	if (fd == STDIN_FILENO) {
2520 		fputs(asig, stdout);
2521 		fflush(stdout);
2522 	} else {
2523 		xasprintf(&wfile, "%s.sig", filename);
2524 		if (confirm_overwrite(wfile)) {
2525 			if ((wfd = open(wfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,
2526 			    0666)) == -1) {
2527 				oerrno = errno;
2528 				error("Cannot open %s: %s",
2529 				    wfile, strerror(errno));
2530 				errno = oerrno;
2531 				r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
2532 				goto out;
2533 			}
2534 			if (atomicio(vwrite, wfd, asig,
2535 			    strlen(asig)) != strlen(asig)) {
2536 				oerrno = errno;
2537 				error("Cannot write to %s: %s",
2538 				    wfile, strerror(errno));
2539 				errno = oerrno;
2540 				r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR;
2541 				goto out;
2542 			}
2543 			if (!quiet) {
2544 				fprintf(stderr, "Write signature to %s\n",
2545 				    wfile);
2546 			}
2547 		}
2548 	}
2549 	/* success */
2550 	r = 0;
2551  out:
2552 	free(wfile);
2553 	free(asig);
2554 	sshbuf_free(abuf);
2555 	sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2556 	if (wfd != -1)
2557 		close(wfd);
2558 	return r;
2559 }
2560 
2561 static int
2562 sig_sign(const char *keypath, const char *sig_namespace, int argc, char **argv)
2563 {
2564 	int i, fd = -1, r, ret = -1;
2565 	int agent_fd = -1;
2566 	struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL, *privkey = NULL, *signkey = NULL;
2567 	sshsig_signer *signer = NULL;
2568 
2569 	/* Check file arguments. */
2570 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2571 		if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") != 0)
2572 			continue;
2573 		if (i > 0 || argc > 1)
2574 			fatal("Cannot sign mix of paths and standard input");
2575 	}
2576 
2577 	if ((r = sshkey_load_public(keypath, &pubkey, NULL)) != 0) {
2578 		error("Couldn't load public key %s: %s", keypath, ssh_err(r));
2579 		goto done;
2580 	}
2581 
2582 	if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0)
2583 		debug("Couldn't get agent socket: %s", ssh_err(r));
2584 	else {
2585 		if ((r = ssh_agent_has_key(agent_fd, pubkey)) == 0)
2586 			signer = agent_signer;
2587 		else
2588 			debug("Couldn't find key in agent: %s", ssh_err(r));
2589 	}
2590 
2591 	if (signer == NULL) {
2592 		/* Not using agent - try to load private key */
2593 		if ((privkey = load_sign_key(keypath, pubkey)) == NULL)
2594 			goto done;
2595 		signkey = privkey;
2596 	} else {
2597 		/* Will use key in agent */
2598 		signkey = pubkey;
2599 	}
2600 
2601 	if (argc == 0) {
2602 		if ((r = sign_one(signkey, "(stdin)", STDIN_FILENO,
2603 		    sig_namespace, signer, &agent_fd)) != 0)
2604 			goto done;
2605 	} else {
2606 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2607 			if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0)
2608 				fd = STDIN_FILENO;
2609 			else if ((fd = open(argv[i], O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
2610 				error("Cannot open %s for signing: %s",
2611 				    argv[i], strerror(errno));
2612 				goto done;
2613 			}
2614 			if ((r = sign_one(signkey, argv[i], fd, sig_namespace,
2615 			    signer, &agent_fd)) != 0)
2616 				goto done;
2617 			if (fd != STDIN_FILENO)
2618 				close(fd);
2619 			fd = -1;
2620 		}
2621 	}
2622 
2623 	ret = 0;
2624 done:
2625 	if (fd != -1 && fd != STDIN_FILENO)
2626 		close(fd);
2627 	sshkey_free(pubkey);
2628 	sshkey_free(privkey);
2629 	return ret;
2630 }
2631 
2632 static int
2633 sig_verify(const char *signature, const char *sig_namespace,
2634     const char *principal, const char *allowed_keys, const char *revoked_keys)
2635 {
2636 	int r, ret = -1;
2637 	struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2638 	struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL;
2639 	char *fp = NULL;
2640 	struct sshkey_sig_details *sig_details = NULL;
2641 
2642 	memset(&sig_details, 0, sizeof(sig_details));
2643 	if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) {
2644 		error("Couldn't read signature file: %s", ssh_err(r));
2645 		goto done;
2646 	}
2647 
2648 	if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) {
2649 		error("%s: sshsig_armor: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2650 		goto done;
2651 	}
2652 	if ((r = sshsig_verify_fd(sigbuf, STDIN_FILENO, sig_namespace,
2653 	    &sign_key, &sig_details)) != 0)
2654 		goto done; /* sshsig_verify() prints error */
2655 
2656 	if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash,
2657 	    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2658 		fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
2659 	debug("Valid (unverified) signature from key %s", fp);
2660 	if (sig_details != NULL) {
2661 		debug2("%s: signature details: counter = %u, flags = 0x%02x",
2662 		    __func__, sig_details->sk_counter, sig_details->sk_flags);
2663 	}
2664 	free(fp);
2665 	fp = NULL;
2666 
2667 	if (revoked_keys != NULL) {
2668 		if ((r = sshkey_check_revoked(sign_key, revoked_keys)) != 0) {
2669 			debug3("sshkey_check_revoked failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2670 			goto done;
2671 		}
2672 	}
2673 
2674 	if (allowed_keys != NULL &&
2675 	    (r = sshsig_check_allowed_keys(allowed_keys, sign_key,
2676 					   principal, sig_namespace)) != 0) {
2677 		debug3("sshsig_check_allowed_keys failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2678 		goto done;
2679 	}
2680 	/* success */
2681 	ret = 0;
2682 done:
2683 	if (!quiet) {
2684 		if (ret == 0) {
2685 			if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash,
2686 			    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) {
2687 				fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed",
2688 				    __func__);
2689 			}
2690 			if (principal == NULL) {
2691 				printf("Good \"%s\" signature with %s key %s\n",
2692 				       sig_namespace, sshkey_type(sign_key), fp);
2693 
2694 			} else {
2695 				printf("Good \"%s\" signature for %s with %s key %s\n",
2696 				       sig_namespace, principal,
2697 				       sshkey_type(sign_key), fp);
2698 			}
2699 		} else {
2700 			printf("Could not verify signature.\n");
2701 		}
2702 	}
2703 	sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2704 	sshbuf_free(abuf);
2705 	sshkey_free(sign_key);
2706 	sshkey_sig_details_free(sig_details);
2707 	free(fp);
2708 	return ret;
2709 }
2710 
2711 static int
2712 sig_find_principals(const char *signature, const char *allowed_keys) {
2713 	int r, ret = -1;
2714 	struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL;
2715 	struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL;
2716 	char *principals = NULL, *cp, *tmp;
2717 
2718 	if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) {
2719 		error("Couldn't read signature file: %s", ssh_err(r));
2720 		goto done;
2721 	}
2722 	if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) {
2723 		error("%s: sshsig_armor: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
2724 		goto done;
2725 	}
2726 	if ((r = sshsig_get_pubkey(sigbuf, &sign_key)) != 0) {
2727 		error("%s: sshsig_get_pubkey: %s",
2728 		    __func__, ssh_err(r));
2729 		goto done;
2730 	}
2731 	if ((r = sshsig_find_principals(allowed_keys, sign_key,
2732 	    &principals)) != 0) {
2733 		error("%s: sshsig_get_principal: %s",
2734 		      __func__, ssh_err(r));
2735 		goto done;
2736 	}
2737 	ret = 0;
2738 done:
2739 	if (ret == 0 ) {
2740 		/* Emit matching principals one per line */
2741 		tmp = principals;
2742 		while ((cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0')
2743 			puts(cp);
2744 	} else {
2745 		fprintf(stderr, "No principal matched.\n");
2746 	}
2747 	sshbuf_free(sigbuf);
2748 	sshbuf_free(abuf);
2749 	sshkey_free(sign_key);
2750 	free(principals);
2751 	return ret;
2752 }
2753 
2754 static void
2755 do_moduli_gen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts)
2756 {
2757 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2758 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2759 	u_int32_t memory = 0;
2760 	BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2761 	int moduli_bits = 0;
2762 	FILE *out;
2763 	size_t i;
2764 	const char *errstr;
2765 
2766 	/* Parse options */
2767 	for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
2768 		if (strncmp(opts[i], "memory=", 7) == 0) {
2769 			memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(opts[i]+7, 1,
2770 			    UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2771 			if (errstr) {
2772 				fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s",
2773 				    errstr, opts[i]+7);
2774 			}
2775 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start=", 6) == 0) {
2776 			/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2777 			if (BN_hex2bn(&start, opts[i]+6) == 0)
2778 				fatal("Invalid start point.");
2779 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "bits=", 5) == 0) {
2780 			moduli_bits = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+5, 1,
2781 			    INT_MAX, &errstr);
2782 			if (errstr) {
2783 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2784 					opts[i]+12, errstr);
2785 			}
2786 		} else {
2787 			fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli "
2788 			    "generation", opts[i]);
2789 		}
2790 	}
2791 
2792 	if ((out = fopen(out_file, "w")) == NULL) {
2793 		fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2794 		    out_file, strerror(errno));
2795 	}
2796 	setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
2797 
2798 	if (moduli_bits == 0)
2799 		moduli_bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2800 	if (gen_candidates(out, memory, moduli_bits, start) != 0)
2801 		fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2802 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2803 	fatal("Moduli generation is not supported");
2804 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2805 }
2806 
2807 static void
2808 do_moduli_screen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts)
2809 {
2810 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
2811 	/* Moduli generation/screening */
2812 	char *checkpoint = NULL;
2813 	u_int32_t generator_wanted = 0;
2814 	unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2815 	int prime_tests = 0;
2816 	FILE *out, *in = stdin;
2817 	size_t i;
2818 	const char *errstr;
2819 
2820 	/* Parse options */
2821 	for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
2822 		if (strncmp(opts[i], "lines=", 6) == 0) {
2823 			lines_to_process = strtoul(opts[i]+6, NULL, 10);
2824 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start-line=", 11) == 0) {
2825 			start_lineno = strtoul(opts[i]+11, NULL, 10);
2826 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "checkpoint=", 11) == 0) {
2827 			checkpoint = xstrdup(opts[i]+11);
2828 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "generator=", 10) == 0) {
2829 			generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(
2830 			    opts[i]+10, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2831 			if (errstr != NULL) {
2832 				fatal("Generator invalid: %s (%s)",
2833 				    opts[i]+10, errstr);
2834 			}
2835 		} else if (strncmp(opts[i], "prime-tests=", 12) == 0) {
2836 			prime_tests = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+12, 1,
2837 			    INT_MAX, &errstr);
2838 			if (errstr) {
2839 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2840 					opts[i]+12, errstr);
2841 			}
2842 		} else {
2843 			fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli "
2844 			    "screening", opts[i]);
2845 		}
2846 	}
2847 
2848 	if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2849 		if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2850 			fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2851 			    "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2852 			    strerror(errno));
2853 		}
2854 	}
2855 
2856 	if ((out = fopen(out_file, "a")) == NULL) {
2857 		fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2858 		    out_file, strerror(errno));
2859 	}
2860 	setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
2861 	if (prime_test(in, out, prime_tests == 0 ? 100 : prime_tests,
2862 	    generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2863 	    start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2864 		fatal("modulus screening failed");
2865 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2866 	fatal("Moduli screening is not supported");
2867 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2868 }
2869 
2870 static char *
2871 private_key_passphrase(void)
2872 {
2873 	char *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2874 
2875 	/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2876 	if (identity_passphrase)
2877 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2878 	else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2879 		passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2880 	else {
2881 passphrase_again:
2882 		passphrase1 =
2883 			read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2884 			    "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2885 		passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2886 		    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2887 		if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2888 			/*
2889 			 * The passphrases do not match.  Clear them and
2890 			 * retry.
2891 			 */
2892 			freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2893 			freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2894 			printf("Passphrases do not match.  Try again.\n");
2895 			goto passphrase_again;
2896 		}
2897 		/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2898 		freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2899 	}
2900 	return passphrase1;
2901 }
2902 
2903 static const char *
2904 skip_ssh_url_preamble(const char *s)
2905 {
2906 	if (strncmp(s, "ssh://", 6) == 0)
2907 		return s + 6;
2908 	else if (strncmp(s, "ssh:", 4) == 0)
2909 		return s + 4;
2910 	return s;
2911 }
2912 
2913 static int
2914 do_download_sk(const char *skprovider, const char *device)
2915 {
2916 	struct sshkey **keys;
2917 	size_t nkeys, i;
2918 	int r, ok = -1;
2919 	char *fp, *pin = NULL, *pass = NULL, *path, *pubpath;
2920 	const char *ext;
2921 
2922 	if (skprovider == NULL)
2923 		fatal("Cannot download keys without provider");
2924 
2925 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
2926 		if (i == 1) {
2927 			pin = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for authenticator: ",
2928 			    RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2929 		}
2930 		if ((r = sshsk_load_resident(skprovider, device, pin,
2931 		    &keys, &nkeys)) != 0) {
2932 			if (i == 0 && r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
2933 				continue;
2934 			if (pin != NULL)
2935 				freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
2936 			error("Unable to load resident keys: %s", ssh_err(r));
2937 			return -1;
2938 		}
2939 	}
2940 	if (nkeys == 0)
2941 		logit("No keys to download");
2942 	if (pin != NULL)
2943 		freezero(pin, strlen(pin));
2944 
2945 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
2946 		if (keys[i]->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK &&
2947 		    keys[i]->type != KEY_ED25519_SK) {
2948 			error("Unsupported key type %s (%d)",
2949 			    sshkey_type(keys[i]), keys[i]->type);
2950 			continue;
2951 		}
2952 		if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i],
2953 		    fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
2954 			fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
2955 		debug("%s: key %zu: %s %s %s (flags 0x%02x)", __func__, i,
2956 		    sshkey_type(keys[i]), fp, keys[i]->sk_application,
2957 		    keys[i]->sk_flags);
2958 		ext = skip_ssh_url_preamble(keys[i]->sk_application);
2959 		xasprintf(&path, "id_%s_rk%s%s",
2960 		    keys[i]->type == KEY_ECDSA_SK ? "ecdsa_sk" : "ed25519_sk",
2961 		    *ext == '\0' ? "" : "_", ext);
2962 
2963 		/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2964 		if (!confirm_overwrite(path)) {
2965 			free(path);
2966 			break;
2967 		}
2968 
2969 		/* Save the key with the application string as the comment */
2970 		if (pass == NULL)
2971 			pass = private_key_passphrase();
2972 		if ((r = sshkey_save_private(keys[i], path, pass,
2973 		    keys[i]->sk_application, private_key_format,
2974 		    openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2975 			error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2976 			    path, ssh_err(r));
2977 			free(path);
2978 			break;
2979 		}
2980 		if (!quiet) {
2981 			printf("Saved %s key%s%s to %s\n",
2982 			    sshkey_type(keys[i]),
2983 			    *ext != '\0' ? " " : "",
2984 			    *ext != '\0' ? keys[i]->sk_application : "",
2985 			    path);
2986 		}
2987 
2988 		/* Save public key too */
2989 		xasprintf(&pubpath, "%s.pub", path);
2990 		free(path);
2991 		if ((r = sshkey_save_public(keys[i], pubpath,
2992 		    keys[i]->sk_application)) != 0) {
2993 			error("Saving public key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2994 			    pubpath, ssh_err(r));
2995 			free(pubpath);
2996 			break;
2997 		}
2998 		free(pubpath);
2999 	}
3000 
3001 	if (i >= nkeys)
3002 		ok = 0; /* success */
3003 	if (pass != NULL)
3004 		freezero(pass, strlen(pass));
3005 	for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++)
3006 		sshkey_free(keys[i]);
3007 	free(keys);
3008 	return ok ? 0 : -1;
3009 }
3010 
3011 __dead static void
3012 usage(void)
3013 {
3014 	fprintf(stderr,
3015 	    "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile] [-m format]\n"
3016 	    "                  [-t dsa | ecdsa | ecdsa-sk | ed25519 | ed25519-sk | rsa]\n"
3017 	    "                  [-N new_passphrase] [-O option] [-w provider]\n"
3018 	    "       ssh-keygen -p [-f keyfile] [-m format] [-N new_passphrase]\n"
3019 	    "                   [-P old_passphrase]\n"
3020 	    "       ssh-keygen -i [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n"
3021 	    "       ssh-keygen -e [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n"
3022 	    "       ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3023 	    "       ssh-keygen -c [-C comment] [-f keyfile] [-P passphrase]\n"
3024 	    "       ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3025 	    "       ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
3026 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
3027 	fprintf(stderr,
3028 	    "       ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
3029 #endif
3030 	fprintf(stderr,
3031 	    "       ssh-keygen -F hostname [-lv] [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3032 	    "       ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3033 	    "       ssh-keygen -K [-w provider]\n"
3034 	    "       ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
3035 	    "       ssh-keygen -r hostname [-g] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3036 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3037 	    "       ssh-keygen -M generate [-O option] output_file\n"
3038 	    "       ssh-keygen -M screen [-f input_file] [-O option] output_file\n"
3039 #endif
3040 	    "       ssh-keygen -I certificate_identity -s ca_key [-hU] [-D pkcs11_provider]\n"
3041 	    "                  [-n principals] [-O option] [-V validity_interval]\n"
3042 	    "                  [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
3043 	    "       ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
3044 	    "       ssh-keygen -A [-f prefix_path]\n"
3045 	    "       ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
3046 	    "                  file ...\n"
3047 	    "       ssh-keygen -Q [-l] -f krl_file [file ...]\n"
3048 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y find-principals -s signature_file -f allowed_signers_file\n"
3049 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y check-novalidate -n namespace -s signature_file\n"
3050 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y sign -f key_file -n namespace file ...\n"
3051 	    "       ssh-keygen -Y verify -f allowed_signers_file -I signer_identity\n"
3052 	    "       		-n namespace -s signature_file [-r revocation_file]\n");
3053 	exit(1);
3054 }
3055 
3056 /*
3057  * Main program for key management.
3058  */
3059 int
3060 main(int argc, char **argv)
3061 {
3062 	char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase;
3063 	char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
3064 	struct sshkey *private, *public;
3065 	struct passwd *pw;
3066 	struct stat st;
3067 	int r, opt, type;
3068 	int change_passphrase = 0, change_comment = 0, show_cert = 0;
3069 	int find_host = 0, delete_host = 0, hash_hosts = 0;
3070 	int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
3071 	int prefer_agent = 0, convert_to = 0, convert_from = 0;
3072 	int print_public = 0, print_generic = 0, cert_serial_autoinc = 0;
3073 	int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0, download_sk = 0;
3074 	unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
3075 	char *identity_comment = NULL, *ca_key_path = NULL, **opts = NULL;
3076 	char *sk_application = NULL, *sk_device = NULL, *sk_user = NULL;
3077 	char *sk_attestaion_path = NULL;
3078 	struct sshbuf *challenge = NULL, *attest = NULL;
3079 	size_t i, nopts = 0;
3080 	u_int32_t bits = 0;
3081 	uint8_t sk_flags = SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD;
3082 	const char *errstr;
3083 	int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
3084 	char *sign_op = NULL;
3085 
3086 	extern int optind;
3087 	extern char *optarg;
3088 
3089 	/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
3090 	sanitise_stdfd();
3091 
3092 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3093 	OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
3094 #endif
3095 	log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
3096 
3097 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
3098 
3099 	/* we need this for the home * directory.  */
3100 	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
3101 	if (!pw)
3102 		fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
3103 	if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == -1)
3104 		fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
3105 
3106 	sk_provider = getenv("SSH_SK_PROVIDER");
3107 
3108 	/* Remaining characters: dGjJSTWx */
3109 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHKLQUXceghiklopquvy"
3110 	    "C:D:E:F:I:M:N:O:P:R:V:Y:Z:"
3111 	    "a:b:f:g:m:n:r:s:t:w:z:")) != -1) {
3112 		switch (opt) {
3113 		case 'A':
3114 			gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
3115 			break;
3116 		case 'b':
3117 			bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT32_MAX,
3118 			    &errstr);
3119 			if (errstr)
3120 				fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
3121 					optarg, errstr);
3122 			break;
3123 		case 'E':
3124 			fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
3125 			if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
3126 				fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
3127 			break;
3128 		case 'F':
3129 			find_host = 1;
3130 			rr_hostname = optarg;
3131 			break;
3132 		case 'H':
3133 			hash_hosts = 1;
3134 			break;
3135 		case 'I':
3136 			cert_key_id = optarg;
3137 			break;
3138 		case 'R':
3139 			delete_host = 1;
3140 			rr_hostname = optarg;
3141 			break;
3142 		case 'L':
3143 			show_cert = 1;
3144 			break;
3145 		case 'l':
3146 			print_fingerprint = 1;
3147 			break;
3148 		case 'B':
3149 			print_bubblebabble = 1;
3150 			break;
3151 		case 'm':
3152 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
3153 			    strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
3154 				convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
3155 				break;
3156 			}
3157 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
3158 				convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
3159 				private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8;
3160 				break;
3161 			}
3162 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
3163 				convert_format = FMT_PEM;
3164 				private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM;
3165 				break;
3166 			}
3167 			fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
3168 		case 'n':
3169 			cert_principals = optarg;
3170 			break;
3171 		case 'o':
3172 			/* no-op; new format is already the default */
3173 			break;
3174 		case 'p':
3175 			change_passphrase = 1;
3176 			break;
3177 		case 'c':
3178 			change_comment = 1;
3179 			break;
3180 		case 'f':
3181 			if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
3182 			    sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
3183 				fatal("Identity filename too long");
3184 			have_identity = 1;
3185 			break;
3186 		case 'g':
3187 			print_generic = 1;
3188 			break;
3189 		case 'K':
3190 			download_sk = 1;
3191 			break;
3192 		case 'P':
3193 			identity_passphrase = optarg;
3194 			break;
3195 		case 'N':
3196 			identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
3197 			break;
3198 		case 'Q':
3199 			check_krl = 1;
3200 			break;
3201 		case 'O':
3202 			opts = xrecallocarray(opts, nopts, nopts + 1,
3203 			    sizeof(*opts));
3204 			opts[nopts++] = xstrdup(optarg);
3205 			break;
3206 		case 'Z':
3207 			openssh_format_cipher = optarg;
3208 			break;
3209 		case 'C':
3210 			identity_comment = optarg;
3211 			break;
3212 		case 'q':
3213 			quiet = 1;
3214 			break;
3215 		case 'e':
3216 			/* export key */
3217 			convert_to = 1;
3218 			break;
3219 		case 'h':
3220 			cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
3221 			certflags_flags = 0;
3222 			break;
3223 		case 'k':
3224 			gen_krl = 1;
3225 			break;
3226 		case 'i':
3227 		case 'X':
3228 			/* import key */
3229 			convert_from = 1;
3230 			break;
3231 		case 'y':
3232 			print_public = 1;
3233 			break;
3234 		case 's':
3235 			ca_key_path = optarg;
3236 			break;
3237 		case 't':
3238 			key_type_name = optarg;
3239 			break;
3240 		case 'D':
3241 			pkcs11provider = optarg;
3242 			break;
3243 		case 'U':
3244 			prefer_agent = 1;
3245 			break;
3246 		case 'u':
3247 			update_krl = 1;
3248 			break;
3249 		case 'v':
3250 			if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
3251 				log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
3252 			else {
3253 				if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
3254 				    log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
3255 					log_level++;
3256 			}
3257 			break;
3258 		case 'r':
3259 			rr_hostname = optarg;
3260 			break;
3261 		case 'a':
3262 			rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
3263 			if (errstr)
3264 				fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
3265 					optarg, errstr);
3266 			break;
3267 		case 'V':
3268 			parse_cert_times(optarg);
3269 			break;
3270 		case 'Y':
3271 			sign_op = optarg;
3272 			break;
3273 		case 'w':
3274 			sk_provider = optarg;
3275 			break;
3276 		case 'z':
3277 			errno = 0;
3278 			if (*optarg == '+') {
3279 				cert_serial_autoinc = 1;
3280 				optarg++;
3281 			}
3282 			cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
3283 			if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
3284 			    (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
3285 				fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
3286 			break;
3287 		case 'M':
3288 			if (strcmp(optarg, "generate") == 0)
3289 				do_gen_candidates = 1;
3290 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "screen") == 0)
3291 				do_screen_candidates = 1;
3292 			else
3293 				fatal("Unsupported moduli option %s", optarg);
3294 			break;
3295 		case '?':
3296 		default:
3297 			usage();
3298 		}
3299 	}
3300 
3301 	if (sk_provider == NULL)
3302 		sk_provider = "internal";
3303 
3304 	/* reinit */
3305 	log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
3306 
3307 	argv += optind;
3308 	argc -= optind;
3309 
3310 	if (sign_op != NULL) {
3311 		if (strncmp(sign_op, "find-principals", 15) == 0) {
3312 			if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3313 				error("Too few arguments for find-principals:"
3314 				      "missing signature file");
3315 				exit(1);
3316 			}
3317 			if (!have_identity) {
3318 				error("Too few arguments for find-principals:"
3319 				      "missing allowed keys file");
3320 				exit(1);
3321 			}
3322 			return sig_find_principals(ca_key_path, identity_file);
3323 		} else if (strncmp(sign_op, "sign", 4) == 0) {
3324 			if (cert_principals == NULL ||
3325 			    *cert_principals == '\0') {
3326 				error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3327 				    "missing namespace");
3328 				exit(1);
3329 			}
3330 			if (!have_identity) {
3331 				error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3332 				    "missing key");
3333 				exit(1);
3334 			}
3335 			return sig_sign(identity_file, cert_principals,
3336 			    argc, argv);
3337 		} else if (strncmp(sign_op, "check-novalidate", 16) == 0) {
3338 			if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3339 				error("Too few arguments for check-novalidate: "
3340 				      "missing signature file");
3341 				exit(1);
3342 			}
3343 			return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals,
3344 			    NULL, NULL, NULL);
3345 		} else if (strncmp(sign_op, "verify", 6) == 0) {
3346 			if (cert_principals == NULL ||
3347 			    *cert_principals == '\0') {
3348 				error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3349 				    "missing namespace");
3350 				exit(1);
3351 			}
3352 			if (ca_key_path == NULL) {
3353 				error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3354 				    "missing signature file");
3355 				exit(1);
3356 			}
3357 			if (!have_identity) {
3358 				error("Too few arguments for sign: "
3359 				    "missing allowed keys file");
3360 				exit(1);
3361 			}
3362 			if (cert_key_id == NULL) {
3363 				error("Too few arguments for verify: "
3364 				    "missing principal ID");
3365 				exit(1);
3366 			}
3367 			return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals,
3368 			    cert_key_id, identity_file, rr_hostname);
3369 		}
3370 		error("Unsupported operation for -Y: \"%s\"", sign_op);
3371 		usage();
3372 		/* NOTREACHED */
3373 	}
3374 
3375 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
3376 		if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
3377 			error("Too few arguments.");
3378 			usage();
3379 		}
3380 	} else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl &&
3381 	    !do_gen_candidates && !do_screen_candidates) {
3382 		error("Too many arguments.");
3383 		usage();
3384 	}
3385 	if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
3386 		error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
3387 		usage();
3388 	}
3389 	if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
3390 		error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
3391 		usage();
3392 	}
3393 	if (gen_krl) {
3394 		do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, ca_key_path,
3395 		    cert_serial, identity_comment, argc, argv);
3396 		return (0);
3397 	}
3398 	if (check_krl) {
3399 		do_check_krl(pw, print_fingerprint, argc, argv);
3400 		return (0);
3401 	}
3402 	if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
3403 		if (cert_key_id == NULL)
3404 			fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
3405 		for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++)
3406 			add_cert_option(opts[i]);
3407 		do_ca_sign(pw, ca_key_path, prefer_agent,
3408 		    cert_serial, cert_serial_autoinc, argc, argv);
3409 	}
3410 	if (show_cert)
3411 		do_show_cert(pw);
3412 	if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host) {
3413 		do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname, find_host,
3414 		    delete_host, hash_hosts);
3415 	}
3416 	if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
3417 		do_download(pw);
3418 	if (download_sk) {
3419 		for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
3420 			if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) {
3421 				sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7);
3422 			} else {
3423 				fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for "
3424 				    "FIDO authenticator download", opts[i]);
3425 			}
3426 		}
3427 		return do_download_sk(sk_provider, sk_device);
3428 	}
3429 	if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
3430 		do_fingerprint(pw);
3431 	if (change_passphrase)
3432 		do_change_passphrase(pw);
3433 	if (change_comment)
3434 		do_change_comment(pw, identity_comment);
3435 #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
3436 	if (convert_to)
3437 		do_convert_to(pw);
3438 	if (convert_from)
3439 		do_convert_from(pw);
3440 #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3441 	if (convert_to || convert_from)
3442 		fatal("key conversion disabled at compile time");
3443 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
3444 	if (print_public)
3445 		do_print_public(pw);
3446 	if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
3447 		unsigned int n = 0;
3448 
3449 		if (have_identity) {
3450 			n = do_print_resource_record(pw, identity_file,
3451 			    rr_hostname, print_generic);
3452 			if (n == 0)
3453 				fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
3454 			exit(0);
3455 		} else {
3456 
3457 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3458 			    _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3459 			    print_generic);
3460 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3461 			    _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3462 			    print_generic);
3463 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3464 			    _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3465 			    print_generic);
3466 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3467 			    _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3468 			    print_generic);
3469 			n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
3470 			    _PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname,
3471 			    print_generic);
3472 			if (n == 0)
3473 				fatal("no keys found.");
3474 			exit(0);
3475 		}
3476 	}
3477 
3478 	if (do_gen_candidates || do_screen_candidates) {
3479 		if (argc <= 0)
3480 			fatal("No output file specified");
3481 		else if (argc > 1)
3482 			fatal("Too many output files specified");
3483 	}
3484 	if (do_gen_candidates) {
3485 		do_moduli_gen(argv[0], opts, nopts);
3486 		return 0;
3487 	}
3488 	if (do_screen_candidates) {
3489 		do_moduli_screen(argv[0], opts, nopts);
3490 		return 0;
3491 	}
3492 
3493 	if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
3494 		do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
3495 		return (0);
3496 	}
3497 
3498 	if (key_type_name == NULL)
3499 		key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
3500 
3501 	type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
3502 	type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
3503 
3504 	if (!quiet)
3505 		printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
3506 		    key_type_name);
3507 	switch (type) {
3508 	case KEY_ECDSA_SK:
3509 	case KEY_ED25519_SK:
3510 		for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) {
3511 			if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "no-touch-required") == 0) {
3512 				sk_flags &= ~SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD;
3513 			} else if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "resident") == 0) {
3514 				sk_flags |= SSH_SK_RESIDENT_KEY;
3515 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) {
3516 				sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7);
3517 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "user=", 5) == 0) {
3518 				sk_user = xstrdup(opts[i] + 5);
3519 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "challenge=", 10) == 0) {
3520 				if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(opts[i] + 10,
3521 				    &challenge)) != 0) {
3522 					fatal("Unable to load FIDO enrollment "
3523 					    "challenge \"%s\": %s",
3524 					    opts[i] + 10, ssh_err(r));
3525 				}
3526 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i],
3527 			    "write-attestation=", 18) == 0) {
3528 				sk_attestaion_path = opts[i] + 18;
3529 			} else if (strncasecmp(opts[i],
3530 			    "application=", 12) == 0) {
3531 				sk_application = xstrdup(opts[i] + 12);
3532 				if (strncmp(sk_application, "ssh:", 4) != 0) {
3533 					fatal("FIDO application string must "
3534 					    "begin with \"ssh:\"");
3535 				}
3536 			} else {
3537 				fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for "
3538 				    "FIDO authenticator enrollment", opts[i]);
3539 			}
3540 		}
3541 		if (!quiet) {
3542 			printf("You may need to touch your authenticator "
3543 			    "to authorize key generation.\n");
3544 		}
3545 		passphrase = NULL;
3546 		if ((attest = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
3547 			fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
3548 		for (i = 0 ; ; i++) {
3549 			fflush(stdout);
3550 			r = sshsk_enroll(type, sk_provider, sk_device,
3551 			    sk_application == NULL ? "ssh:" : sk_application,
3552 			    sk_user, sk_flags, passphrase, challenge,
3553 			    &private, attest);
3554 			if (r == 0)
3555 				break;
3556 			if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
3557 				fatal("Key enrollment failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
3558 			else if (i > 0)
3559 				error("PIN incorrect");
3560 			if (passphrase != NULL) {
3561 				freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3562 				passphrase = NULL;
3563 			}
3564 			if (i >= 3)
3565 				fatal("Too many incorrect PINs");
3566 			passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for "
3567 			    "authenticator: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
3568 		}
3569 		if (passphrase != NULL) {
3570 			freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3571 			passphrase = NULL;
3572 		}
3573 		break;
3574 	default:
3575 		if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
3576 			fatal("sshkey_generate failed");
3577 		break;
3578 	}
3579 	if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
3580 		fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
3581 
3582 	if (!have_identity)
3583 		ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
3584 
3585 	/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
3586 	snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
3587 	    pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
3588 	if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
3589 		if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) == -1) {
3590 			if (errno != ENOENT) {
3591 				error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
3592 				    strerror(errno));
3593 			} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) == -1) {
3594 				error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
3595 				    dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
3596 			} else if (!quiet)
3597 				printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
3598 		}
3599 	}
3600 	/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
3601 	if (!confirm_overwrite(identity_file))
3602 		exit(1);
3603 
3604 	/* Determine the passphrase for the private key */
3605 	passphrase = private_key_passphrase();
3606 	if (identity_comment) {
3607 		strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
3608 	} else {
3609 		/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
3610 		snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
3611 	}
3612 
3613 	/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
3614 	if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
3615 	    comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
3616 		error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
3617 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
3618 		freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3619 		exit(1);
3620 	}
3621 	freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
3622 	sshkey_free(private);
3623 
3624 	if (!quiet) {
3625 		printf("Your identification has been saved in %s\n",
3626 		    identity_file);
3627 	}
3628 
3629 	strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
3630 	if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, comment)) != 0) {
3631 		fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
3632 		    identity_file, ssh_err(r));
3633 	}
3634 
3635 	if (!quiet) {
3636 		fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
3637 		    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
3638 		ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
3639 		    SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
3640 		if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
3641 			fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
3642 		printf("Your public key has been saved in %s\n",
3643 		    identity_file);
3644 		printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
3645 		printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
3646 		printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
3647 		printf("%s\n", ra);
3648 		free(ra);
3649 		free(fp);
3650 	}
3651 
3652 	if (sk_attestaion_path != NULL) {
3653 		if (attest == NULL || sshbuf_len(attest) == 0) {
3654 			fatal("Enrollment did not return attestation "
3655 			    "certificate");
3656 		}
3657 		if ((r = sshbuf_write_file(sk_attestaion_path, attest)) != 0) {
3658 			fatal("Unable to write attestation certificate "
3659 			    "\"%s\": %s", sk_attestaion_path, ssh_err(r));
3660 		}
3661 		if (!quiet) {
3662 			printf("Your FIDO attestation certificate has been "
3663 			    "saved in %s\n", sk_attestaion_path);
3664 		}
3665 	}
3666 	sshbuf_free(attest);
3667 	sshkey_free(public);
3668 
3669 	exit(0);
3670 }
3671