xref: /netbsd-src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/misc.c (revision e89934bbf778a6d6d6894877c4da59d0c7835b0f)
1 /*	$NetBSD: misc.c,v 1.14 2016/12/25 00:07:47 christos Exp $	*/
2 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.107 2016/11/30 00:28:31 dtucker Exp $ */
3 
4 /*
5  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
6  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 #include "includes.h"
30 __RCSID("$NetBSD: misc.c,v 1.14 2016/12/25 00:07:47 christos Exp $");
31 #include <sys/types.h>
32 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
33 #include <sys/socket.h>
34 #include <sys/time.h>
35 #include <sys/un.h>
36 
37 #include <net/if.h>
38 #include <net/if_tun.h>
39 #include <netinet/in.h>
40 #include <netinet/ip.h>
41 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
42 
43 #include <ctype.h>
44 #include <errno.h>
45 #include <fcntl.h>
46 #include <netdb.h>
47 #include <paths.h>
48 #include <pwd.h>
49 #include <limits.h>
50 #include <stdarg.h>
51 #include <stdio.h>
52 #include <stdlib.h>
53 #include <string.h>
54 #include <unistd.h>
55 
56 #include "xmalloc.h"
57 #include "misc.h"
58 #include "log.h"
59 #include "ssh.h"
60 
61 /* remove newline at end of string */
62 char *
63 chop(char *s)
64 {
65 	char *t = s;
66 	while (*t) {
67 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
68 			*t = '\0';
69 			return s;
70 		}
71 		t++;
72 	}
73 	return s;
74 
75 }
76 
77 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
78 int
79 set_nonblock(int fd)
80 {
81 	int val;
82 
83 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
84 	if (val < 0) {
85 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
86 		return (-1);
87 	}
88 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
89 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
90 		return (0);
91 	}
92 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
93 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
94 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
95 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
96 		    strerror(errno));
97 		return (-1);
98 	}
99 	return (0);
100 }
101 
102 int
103 unset_nonblock(int fd)
104 {
105 	int val;
106 
107 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
108 	if (val < 0) {
109 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
110 		return (-1);
111 	}
112 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
113 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
114 		return (0);
115 	}
116 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
117 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
118 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
119 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
120 		    fd, strerror(errno));
121 		return (-1);
122 	}
123 	return (0);
124 }
125 
126 const char *
127 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
128 {
129 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
130 		return strerror(errno);
131 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
132 }
133 
134 /* disable nagle on socket */
135 void
136 set_nodelay(int fd)
137 {
138 	int opt;
139 	socklen_t optlen;
140 
141 	optlen = sizeof opt;
142 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
143 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
144 		return;
145 	}
146 	if (opt == 1) {
147 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
148 		return;
149 	}
150 	opt = 1;
151 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
152 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
153 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
154 }
155 
156 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
157 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
158 #define QUOTE	"\""
159 
160 /* return next token in configuration line */
161 char *
162 strdelim(char **s)
163 {
164 	char *old;
165 	int wspace = 0;
166 
167 	if (*s == NULL)
168 		return NULL;
169 
170 	old = *s;
171 
172 	*s = strpbrk(*s, WHITESPACE QUOTE "=");
173 	if (*s == NULL)
174 		return (old);
175 
176 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
177 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
178 		/* Find matching quote */
179 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
180 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
181 		} else {
182 			*s[0] = '\0';
183 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
184 			return (old);
185 		}
186 	}
187 
188 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
189 	if (*s[0] == '=')
190 		wspace = 1;
191 	*s[0] = '\0';
192 
193 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
194 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
195 	if (*s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
196 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
197 
198 	return (old);
199 }
200 
201 struct passwd *
202 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
203 {
204 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
205 
206 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
207 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
208 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
209 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
210 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
211 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
212 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
213 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
214 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
215 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
216 	return copy;
217 }
218 
219 /*
220  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
221  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
222  * Return -1 if invalid.
223  */
224 int
225 a2port(const char *s)
226 {
227 	long long port;
228 	const char *errstr;
229 
230 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
231 	if (errstr != NULL)
232 		return -1;
233 	return (int)port;
234 }
235 
236 int
237 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
238 {
239 	const char *errstr = NULL;
240 	char *sp, *ep;
241 	int tun;
242 
243 	if (remote != NULL) {
244 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
245 		sp = xstrdup(s);
246 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
247 			free(sp);
248 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
249 		}
250 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
251 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
252 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
253 		free(sp);
254 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
255 	}
256 
257 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
258 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
259 
260 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
261 	if (errstr != NULL)
262 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
263 
264 	return (tun);
265 }
266 
267 #define SECONDS		1
268 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
269 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
270 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
271 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
272 
273 /*
274  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
275  * a sequence of:
276  *      time[qualifier]
277  *
278  * Valid time qualifiers are:
279  *      <none>  seconds
280  *      s|S     seconds
281  *      m|M     minutes
282  *      h|H     hours
283  *      d|D     days
284  *      w|W     weeks
285  *
286  * Examples:
287  *      90m     90 minutes
288  *      1h30m   90 minutes
289  *      2d      2 days
290  *      1w      1 week
291  *
292  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
293  */
294 long
295 convtime(const char *s)
296 {
297 	long total, secs;
298 	const char *p;
299 	char *endp;
300 
301 	errno = 0;
302 	total = 0;
303 	p = s;
304 
305 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
306 		return -1;
307 
308 	while (*p) {
309 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
310 		if (p == endp ||
311 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
312 		    secs < 0)
313 			return -1;
314 
315 		switch (*endp++) {
316 		case '\0':
317 			endp--;
318 			break;
319 		case 's':
320 		case 'S':
321 			break;
322 		case 'm':
323 		case 'M':
324 			secs *= MINUTES;
325 			break;
326 		case 'h':
327 		case 'H':
328 			secs *= HOURS;
329 			break;
330 		case 'd':
331 		case 'D':
332 			secs *= DAYS;
333 			break;
334 		case 'w':
335 		case 'W':
336 			secs *= WEEKS;
337 			break;
338 		default:
339 			return -1;
340 		}
341 		total += secs;
342 		if (total < 0)
343 			return -1;
344 		p = endp;
345 	}
346 
347 	return total;
348 }
349 
350 /*
351  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
352  * Caller must free returned string.
353  */
354 char *
355 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
356 {
357 	char *hoststr;
358 
359 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
360 		return(xstrdup(host));
361 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
362 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
363 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
364 	return hoststr;
365 }
366 
367 /*
368  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
369  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
370  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
371  * *cp is set to the start of the next delimiter, if one was found.
372  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
373  */
374 char *
375 hpdelim(char **cp)
376 {
377 	char *s, *old;
378 
379 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
380 		return NULL;
381 
382 	old = s = *cp;
383 	if (*s == '[') {
384 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
385 			return NULL;
386 		else
387 			s++;
388 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
389 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
390 
391 	switch (*s) {
392 	case '\0':
393 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
394 		break;
395 
396 	case ':':
397 	case '/':
398 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
399 		*cp = s + 1;
400 		break;
401 
402 	default:
403 		return NULL;
404 	}
405 
406 	return old;
407 }
408 
409 char *
410 cleanhostname(char *host)
411 {
412 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
413 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
414 		return (host + 1);
415 	} else
416 		return host;
417 }
418 
419 char *
420 colon(char *cp)
421 {
422 	int flag = 0;
423 
424 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
425 		return NULL;
426 	if (*cp == '[')
427 		flag = 1;
428 
429 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
430 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
431 			flag = 1;
432 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
433 			return (cp+1);
434 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
435 			return (cp);
436 		if (*cp == '/')
437 			return NULL;
438 	}
439 	return NULL;
440 }
441 
442 /*
443  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
444  * Caller must free returned user and host.
445  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
446  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
447  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
448  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
449  */
450 int
451 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
452 {
453 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
454 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
455 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
456 
457 	if (userp != NULL)
458 		*userp = NULL;
459 	if (hostp != NULL)
460 		*hostp = NULL;
461 	if (portp != NULL)
462 		*portp = -1;
463 
464 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
465 		return -1;
466 	/* Extract optional username */
467 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
468 		*cp = '\0';
469 		if (*tmp == '\0')
470 			goto out;
471 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
472 			goto out;
473 		tmp = cp + 1;
474 	}
475 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
476 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
477 		goto out;
478 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
479 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
480 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
481 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
482 			goto out;
483 	}
484 	/* Success */
485 	if (userp != NULL) {
486 		*userp = user;
487 		user = NULL;
488 	}
489 	if (hostp != NULL) {
490 		*hostp = host;
491 		host = NULL;
492 	}
493 	if (portp != NULL)
494 		*portp = port;
495 	ret = 0;
496  out:
497 	free(sdup);
498 	free(user);
499 	free(host);
500 	return ret;
501 }
502 
503 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
504 void
505 addargs(arglist *args, const char *fmt, ...)
506 {
507 	va_list ap;
508 	char *cp;
509 	u_int nalloc;
510 	int r;
511 
512 	va_start(ap, fmt);
513 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
514 	va_end(ap);
515 	if (r == -1)
516 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
517 
518 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
519 	if (args->list == NULL) {
520 		nalloc = 32;
521 		args->num = 0;
522 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
523 		nalloc *= 2;
524 
525 	args->list = xreallocarray(args->list, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
526 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
527 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
528 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
529 }
530 
531 void
532 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, const char *fmt, ...)
533 {
534 	va_list ap;
535 	char *cp;
536 	int r;
537 
538 	va_start(ap, fmt);
539 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
540 	va_end(ap);
541 	if (r == -1)
542 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
543 
544 	if (which >= args->num)
545 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
546 		    which, args->num);
547 	free(args->list[which]);
548 	args->list[which] = cp;
549 }
550 
551 void
552 freeargs(arglist *args)
553 {
554 	u_int i;
555 
556 	if (args->list != NULL) {
557 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
558 			free(args->list[i]);
559 		free(args->list);
560 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
561 		args->list = NULL;
562 	}
563 }
564 
565 /*
566  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
567  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
568  */
569 char *
570 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
571 {
572 	const char *path, *sep;
573 	char user[128], *ret, *homedir;
574 	struct passwd *pw;
575 	u_int len, slash;
576 
577 	if (*filename != '~')
578 		return (xstrdup(filename));
579 	filename++;
580 
581 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
582 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
583 		slash = path - filename;
584 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
585 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
586 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
587 		user[slash] = '\0';
588 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
589 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
590 		homedir = pw->pw_dir;
591 	} else {
592 		if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
593 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld",
594 			    (long)uid);
595 		homedir = pw->pw_dir;
596 	}
597 
598 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
599 	len = strlen(homedir);
600 	if (len == 0 || homedir[len - 1] != '/')
601 		sep = "/";
602 	else
603 		sep = "";
604 
605 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
606 	if (path != NULL)
607 		filename = path + 1;
608 
609 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", homedir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
610 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
611 
612 	return (ret);
613 }
614 
615 /*
616  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
617  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
618  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
619  * allocated by xmalloc.
620  */
621 char *
622 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
623 {
624 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
625 	u_int num_keys, i, j;
626 	struct {
627 		const char *key;
628 		const char *repl;
629 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
630 	char buf[4096];
631 	va_list ap;
632 
633 	/* Gather keys */
634 	va_start(ap, string);
635 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
636 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
637 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
638 			break;
639 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
640 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
641 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
642 	}
643 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
644 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
645 	va_end(ap);
646 
647 	/* Expand string */
648 	*buf = '\0';
649 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
650 		if (*string != '%') {
651  append:
652 			buf[i++] = *string;
653 			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
654 				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
655 			buf[i] = '\0';
656 			continue;
657 		}
658 		string++;
659 		/* %% case */
660 		if (*string == '%')
661 			goto append;
662 		if (*string == '\0')
663 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
664 		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
665 			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
666 				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
667 				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
668 					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
669 				break;
670 			}
671 		}
672 		if (j >= num_keys)
673 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
674 	}
675 	return (xstrdup(buf));
676 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
677 }
678 
679 /*
680  * Read an entire line from a public key file into a static buffer, discarding
681  * lines that exceed the buffer size.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
682  */
683 int
684 read_keyfile_line(FILE *f, const char *filename, char *buf, size_t bufsz,
685    u_long *lineno)
686 {
687 	while (fgets(buf, bufsz, f) != NULL) {
688 		if (buf[0] == '\0')
689 			continue;
690 		(*lineno)++;
691 		if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n' || feof(f)) {
692 			return 0;
693 		} else {
694 			debug("%s: %s line %lu exceeds size limit", __func__,
695 			    filename, *lineno);
696 			/* discard remainder of line */
697 			while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f))
698 				;	/* nothing */
699 		}
700 	}
701 	return -1;
702 }
703 
704 int
705 tun_open(int tun, int mode)
706 {
707 	struct ifreq ifr;
708 	char name[100];
709 	int fd = -1, sock;
710 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
711 
712 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
713 		tunbase = "tap";
714 
715 	/* Open the tunnel device */
716 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
717 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
718 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
719 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
720 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
721 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
722 			    tunbase, tun);
723 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
724 				break;
725 		}
726 	} else {
727 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
728 		return -1;
729 	}
730 
731 	if (fd < 0) {
732 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
733 		return -1;
734 	}
735 
736 
737 #ifdef TUNSIFHEAD
738 	/* Turn on tunnel headers */
739 	int flag = 1;
740 	if (mode != SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET &&
741 	    ioctl(fd, TUNSIFHEAD, &flag) == -1) {
742 		debug("%s: ioctl(%d, TUNSIFHEAD, 1): %s", __func__, fd,
743 		    strerror(errno));
744 		close(fd);
745 		return -1;
746 	}
747 #endif
748 
749 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, ifr.ifr_name, mode, fd);
750 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
751 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
752 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
753 		goto failed;
754 
755 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
756 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
757 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
758 		goto failed;
759 	}
760 
761 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
762 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
763 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
764 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
765 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
766 			goto failed;
767 		}
768 	}
769 
770 	close(sock);
771 	return fd;
772 
773  failed:
774 	if (fd >= 0)
775 		close(fd);
776 	if (sock >= 0)
777 		close(sock);
778 	debug("%s: failed to set %s mode %d: %s", __func__, ifr.ifr_name,
779 	    mode, strerror(errno));
780 	return -1;
781 }
782 
783 void
784 sanitise_stdfd(void)
785 {
786 	int nullfd, dupfd;
787 
788 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
789 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
790 		    strerror(errno));
791 		exit(1);
792 	}
793 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
794 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
795 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
796 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
797 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
798 				exit(1);
799 			}
800 		}
801 	}
802 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
803 		close(nullfd);
804 }
805 
806 char *
807 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
808 {
809 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
810 	char b[3], *r;
811 	size_t i, hl;
812 
813 	if (l > 65536)
814 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
815 
816 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
817 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
818 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
819 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
820 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
821 	}
822 	return (r);
823 }
824 
825 u_int64_t
826 get_u64(const void *vp)
827 {
828 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
829 	u_int64_t v;
830 
831 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
832 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
833 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
834 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
835 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
836 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
837 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
838 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
839 
840 	return (v);
841 }
842 
843 u_int32_t
844 get_u32(const void *vp)
845 {
846 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
847 	u_int32_t v;
848 
849 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
850 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
851 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
852 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
853 
854 	return (v);
855 }
856 
857 u_int32_t
858 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
859 {
860 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
861 	u_int32_t v;
862 
863 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
864 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
865 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
866 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
867 
868 	return (v);
869 }
870 
871 u_int16_t
872 get_u16(const void *vp)
873 {
874 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
875 	u_int16_t v;
876 
877 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
878 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
879 
880 	return (v);
881 }
882 
883 void
884 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
885 {
886 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
887 
888 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
889 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
890 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
891 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
892 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
893 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
894 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
895 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
896 }
897 
898 void
899 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
900 {
901 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
902 
903 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
904 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
905 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
906 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
907 }
908 
909 void
910 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
911 {
912 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
913 
914 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
915 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
916 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
917 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
918 }
919 
920 void
921 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
922 {
923 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
924 
925 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
926 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
927 }
928 
929 void
930 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
931 {
932 	struct timeval diff, finish;
933 
934 	gettimeofday(&finish, NULL);
935 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
936 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
937 }
938 
939 void
940 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
941 {
942 	if (ms < 0)
943 		ms = 0;
944 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
945 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
946 }
947 
948 time_t
949 monotime(void)
950 {
951 	struct timespec ts;
952 
953 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != 0)
954 		fatal("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
955 
956 	return (ts.tv_sec);
957 }
958 
959 double
960 monotime_double(void)
961 {
962 	struct timespec ts;
963 
964 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != 0)
965 		fatal("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
966 
967 	return (ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
968 }
969 
970 void
971 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
972 {
973 	bw->buflen = buflen;
974 	bw->rate = kbps;
975 	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
976 	bw->lamt = 0;
977 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
978 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
979 }
980 
981 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
982 void
983 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
984 {
985 	u_int64_t waitlen;
986 	struct timespec ts, rm;
987 
988 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
989 		gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
990 		return;
991 	}
992 
993 	bw->lamt += read_len;
994 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
995 		return;
996 
997 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwend, NULL);
998 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
999 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1000 		return;
1001 
1002 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1003 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1004 
1005 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1006 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1007 
1008 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1009 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1010 
1011 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1012 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1013 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1014 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1015 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1016 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1017 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1018 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1019 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1020 		}
1021 
1022 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1023 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1024 			if (errno != EINTR)
1025 				break;
1026 			ts = rm;
1027 		}
1028 	}
1029 
1030 	bw->lamt = 0;
1031 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
1032 }
1033 
1034 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1035 void
1036 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1037 {
1038 	const char *tmpdir;
1039 	int r;
1040 
1041 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1042 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1043 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1044 			return;
1045 	}
1046 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1047 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1048 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1049 }
1050 
1051 static const struct {
1052 	const char *name;
1053 	int value;
1054 } ipqos[] = {
1055 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1056 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1057 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1058 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1059 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1060 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1061 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1062 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1063 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1064 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1065 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1066 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1067 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1068 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1069 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1070 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1071 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1072 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1073 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1074 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1075 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1076 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1077 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1078 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1079 	{ NULL, -1 }
1080 };
1081 
1082 int
1083 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1084 {
1085 	u_int i;
1086 	char *ep;
1087 	long val;
1088 
1089 	if (cp == NULL)
1090 		return -1;
1091 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1092 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1093 			return ipqos[i].value;
1094 	}
1095 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1096 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1097 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1098 		return -1;
1099 	return val;
1100 }
1101 
1102 const char *
1103 iptos2str(int iptos)
1104 {
1105 	int i;
1106 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1107 
1108 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1109 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1110 			return ipqos[i].name;
1111 	}
1112 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1113 	return iptos_str;
1114 }
1115 
1116 void
1117 lowercase(char *s)
1118 {
1119 	for (; *s; s++)
1120 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1121 }
1122 
1123 int
1124 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1125 {
1126 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1127 	int saved_errno, sock;
1128 
1129 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1130 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1131 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path, sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1132 		error("%s: \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket", __func__,
1133 		    path);
1134 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1135 		return -1;
1136 	}
1137 
1138 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1139 	if (sock < 0) {
1140 		saved_errno = errno;
1141 		error("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1142 		errno = saved_errno;
1143 		return -1;
1144 	}
1145 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1146 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1147 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1148 	}
1149 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) < 0) {
1150 		saved_errno = errno;
1151 		error("bind: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1152 		close(sock);
1153 		error("%s: cannot bind to path: %s", __func__, path);
1154 		errno = saved_errno;
1155 		return -1;
1156 	}
1157 	if (listen(sock, backlog) < 0) {
1158 		saved_errno = errno;
1159 		error("listen: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1160 		close(sock);
1161 		unlink(path);
1162 		error("%s: cannot listen on path: %s", __func__, path);
1163 		errno = saved_errno;
1164 		return -1;
1165 	}
1166 	return sock;
1167 }
1168 
1169 /*
1170  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1171  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1172  */
1173 static int
1174 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1175 {
1176 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1177 		return 0;
1178 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1179 		return 0;
1180 	return 1;
1181 }
1182 
1183 /*
1184  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1185  * zero otherwise.
1186  */
1187 int
1188 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1189 {
1190 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1191 		return 0;
1192 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1193 		return 0;
1194 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1195 		return 0;
1196 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1197 		return 0;
1198 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1199 		return 0;
1200 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1201 		return 0;
1202 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1203 	return 1;
1204 }
1205 
1206 /* returns 1 if bind to specified port by specified user is permitted */
1207 int
1208 bind_permitted(int port, uid_t uid)
1209 {
1210 	if (port < IPPORT_RESERVED && uid != 0)
1211 		return 0;
1212 	return 1;
1213 }
1214 
1215 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1216 int
1217 daemonized(void)
1218 {
1219 	int fd;
1220 
1221 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1222 		close(fd);
1223 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1224 	}
1225 	if (getppid() != 1)
1226 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1227 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1228 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1229 	debug3("already daemonized");
1230 	return 1;
1231 }
1232