xref: /netbsd-src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/misc.c (revision 796c32c94f6e154afc9de0f63da35c91bb739b45)
1 /*	$NetBSD: misc.c,v 1.16 2017/10/07 19:39:19 christos Exp $	*/
2 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.113 2017/08/18 05:48:04 djm Exp $ */
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
5  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #include "includes.h"
29 __RCSID("$NetBSD: misc.c,v 1.16 2017/10/07 19:39:19 christos Exp $");
30 #include <sys/types.h>
31 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
32 #include <sys/socket.h>
33 #include <sys/stat.h>
34 #include <sys/time.h>
35 #include <sys/wait.h>
36 #include <sys/un.h>
37 
38 #include <net/if.h>
39 #include <net/if_tun.h>
40 #include <netinet/in.h>
41 #include <netinet/ip.h>
42 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
43 
44 #include <ctype.h>
45 #include <errno.h>
46 #include <fcntl.h>
47 #include <netdb.h>
48 #include <paths.h>
49 #include <pwd.h>
50 #include <libgen.h>
51 #include <limits.h>
52 #include <signal.h>
53 #include <stdarg.h>
54 #include <stdio.h>
55 #include <stdlib.h>
56 #include <string.h>
57 #include <unistd.h>
58 
59 #include "xmalloc.h"
60 #include "misc.h"
61 #include "log.h"
62 #include "ssh.h"
63 #include "sshbuf.h"
64 #include "ssherr.h"
65 #include "uidswap.h"
66 
67 /* remove newline at end of string */
68 char *
69 chop(char *s)
70 {
71 	char *t = s;
72 	while (*t) {
73 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
74 			*t = '\0';
75 			return s;
76 		}
77 		t++;
78 	}
79 	return s;
80 
81 }
82 
83 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
84 int
85 set_nonblock(int fd)
86 {
87 	int val;
88 
89 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
90 	if (val < 0) {
91 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
92 		return (-1);
93 	}
94 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
95 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
96 		return (0);
97 	}
98 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
99 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
100 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
101 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
102 		    strerror(errno));
103 		return (-1);
104 	}
105 	return (0);
106 }
107 
108 int
109 unset_nonblock(int fd)
110 {
111 	int val;
112 
113 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
114 	if (val < 0) {
115 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
116 		return (-1);
117 	}
118 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
119 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
120 		return (0);
121 	}
122 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
123 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
124 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
125 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
126 		    fd, strerror(errno));
127 		return (-1);
128 	}
129 	return (0);
130 }
131 
132 const char *
133 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
134 {
135 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
136 		return strerror(errno);
137 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
138 }
139 
140 /* disable nagle on socket */
141 void
142 set_nodelay(int fd)
143 {
144 	int opt;
145 	socklen_t optlen;
146 
147 	optlen = sizeof opt;
148 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
149 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
150 		return;
151 	}
152 	if (opt == 1) {
153 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
154 		return;
155 	}
156 	opt = 1;
157 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
158 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
159 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
160 }
161 
162 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
163 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
164 #define QUOTE	"\""
165 
166 /* return next token in configuration line */
167 char *
168 strdelim(char **s)
169 {
170 	char *old;
171 	int wspace = 0;
172 
173 	if (*s == NULL)
174 		return NULL;
175 
176 	old = *s;
177 
178 	*s = strpbrk(*s, WHITESPACE QUOTE "=");
179 	if (*s == NULL)
180 		return (old);
181 
182 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
183 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
184 		/* Find matching quote */
185 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
186 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
187 		} else {
188 			*s[0] = '\0';
189 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
190 			return (old);
191 		}
192 	}
193 
194 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
195 	if (*s[0] == '=')
196 		wspace = 1;
197 	*s[0] = '\0';
198 
199 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
200 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
201 	if (*s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
202 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
203 
204 	return (old);
205 }
206 
207 struct passwd *
208 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
209 {
210 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
211 
212 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
213 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
214 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
215 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
216 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
217 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
218 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
219 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
220 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
221 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
222 	return copy;
223 }
224 
225 /*
226  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
227  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
228  * Return -1 if invalid.
229  */
230 int
231 a2port(const char *s)
232 {
233 	long long port;
234 	const char *errstr;
235 
236 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
237 	if (errstr != NULL)
238 		return -1;
239 	return (int)port;
240 }
241 
242 int
243 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
244 {
245 	const char *errstr = NULL;
246 	char *sp, *ep;
247 	int tun;
248 
249 	if (remote != NULL) {
250 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
251 		sp = xstrdup(s);
252 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
253 			free(sp);
254 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
255 		}
256 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
257 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
258 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
259 		free(sp);
260 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
261 	}
262 
263 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
264 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
265 
266 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
267 	if (errstr != NULL)
268 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
269 
270 	return (tun);
271 }
272 
273 #define SECONDS		1
274 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
275 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
276 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
277 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
278 
279 /*
280  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
281  * a sequence of:
282  *      time[qualifier]
283  *
284  * Valid time qualifiers are:
285  *      <none>  seconds
286  *      s|S     seconds
287  *      m|M     minutes
288  *      h|H     hours
289  *      d|D     days
290  *      w|W     weeks
291  *
292  * Examples:
293  *      90m     90 minutes
294  *      1h30m   90 minutes
295  *      2d      2 days
296  *      1w      1 week
297  *
298  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
299  */
300 long
301 convtime(const char *s)
302 {
303 	long total, secs, multiplier = 1;
304 	const char *p;
305 	char *endp;
306 
307 	errno = 0;
308 	total = 0;
309 	p = s;
310 
311 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
312 		return -1;
313 
314 	while (*p) {
315 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
316 		if (p == endp ||
317 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
318 		    secs < 0)
319 			return -1;
320 
321 		switch (*endp++) {
322 		case '\0':
323 			endp--;
324 			break;
325 		case 's':
326 		case 'S':
327 			break;
328 		case 'm':
329 		case 'M':
330 			multiplier = MINUTES;
331 			break;
332 		case 'h':
333 		case 'H':
334 			multiplier = HOURS;
335 			break;
336 		case 'd':
337 		case 'D':
338 			multiplier = DAYS;
339 			break;
340 		case 'w':
341 		case 'W':
342 			multiplier = WEEKS;
343 			break;
344 		default:
345 			return -1;
346 		}
347 		if (secs >= LONG_MAX / multiplier)
348 			return -1;
349 		secs *= multiplier;
350 		if  (total >= LONG_MAX - secs)
351 			return -1;
352 		total += secs;
353 		if (total < 0)
354 			return -1;
355 		p = endp;
356 	}
357 
358 	return total;
359 }
360 
361 /*
362  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
363  * Caller must free returned string.
364  */
365 char *
366 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
367 {
368 	char *hoststr;
369 
370 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
371 		return(xstrdup(host));
372 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
373 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
374 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
375 	return hoststr;
376 }
377 
378 /*
379  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
380  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
381  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
382  * *cp is set to the start of the next delimiter, if one was found.
383  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
384  */
385 char *
386 hpdelim(char **cp)
387 {
388 	char *s, *old;
389 
390 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
391 		return NULL;
392 
393 	old = s = *cp;
394 	if (*s == '[') {
395 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
396 			return NULL;
397 		else
398 			s++;
399 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
400 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
401 
402 	switch (*s) {
403 	case '\0':
404 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
405 		break;
406 
407 	case ':':
408 	case '/':
409 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
410 		*cp = s + 1;
411 		break;
412 
413 	default:
414 		return NULL;
415 	}
416 
417 	return old;
418 }
419 
420 char *
421 cleanhostname(char *host)
422 {
423 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
424 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
425 		return (host + 1);
426 	} else
427 		return host;
428 }
429 
430 char *
431 colon(char *cp)
432 {
433 	int flag = 0;
434 
435 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
436 		return NULL;
437 	if (*cp == '[')
438 		flag = 1;
439 
440 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
441 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
442 			flag = 1;
443 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
444 			return (cp+1);
445 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
446 			return (cp);
447 		if (*cp == '/')
448 			return NULL;
449 	}
450 	return NULL;
451 }
452 
453 /*
454  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
455  * Caller must free returned user and host.
456  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
457  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
458  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
459  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
460  */
461 int
462 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
463 {
464 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
465 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
466 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
467 
468 	if (userp != NULL)
469 		*userp = NULL;
470 	if (hostp != NULL)
471 		*hostp = NULL;
472 	if (portp != NULL)
473 		*portp = -1;
474 
475 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
476 		return -1;
477 	/* Extract optional username */
478 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
479 		*cp = '\0';
480 		if (*tmp == '\0')
481 			goto out;
482 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
483 			goto out;
484 		tmp = cp + 1;
485 	}
486 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
487 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
488 		goto out;
489 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
490 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
491 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
492 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
493 			goto out;
494 	}
495 	/* Success */
496 	if (userp != NULL) {
497 		*userp = user;
498 		user = NULL;
499 	}
500 	if (hostp != NULL) {
501 		*hostp = host;
502 		host = NULL;
503 	}
504 	if (portp != NULL)
505 		*portp = port;
506 	ret = 0;
507  out:
508 	free(sdup);
509 	free(user);
510 	free(host);
511 	return ret;
512 }
513 
514 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
515 void
516 addargs(arglist *args, const char *fmt, ...)
517 {
518 	va_list ap;
519 	char *cp;
520 	u_int nalloc;
521 	int r;
522 
523 	va_start(ap, fmt);
524 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
525 	va_end(ap);
526 	if (r == -1)
527 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
528 
529 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
530 	if (args->list == NULL) {
531 		nalloc = 32;
532 		args->num = 0;
533 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
534 		nalloc *= 2;
535 
536 	args->list = xrecallocarray(args->list, args->nalloc, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
537 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
538 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
539 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
540 }
541 
542 void
543 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, const char *fmt, ...)
544 {
545 	va_list ap;
546 	char *cp;
547 	int r;
548 
549 	va_start(ap, fmt);
550 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
551 	va_end(ap);
552 	if (r == -1)
553 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
554 
555 	if (which >= args->num)
556 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
557 		    which, args->num);
558 	free(args->list[which]);
559 	args->list[which] = cp;
560 }
561 
562 void
563 freeargs(arglist *args)
564 {
565 	u_int i;
566 
567 	if (args->list != NULL) {
568 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
569 			free(args->list[i]);
570 		free(args->list);
571 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
572 		args->list = NULL;
573 	}
574 }
575 
576 /*
577  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
578  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
579  */
580 char *
581 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
582 {
583 	const char *path, *sep;
584 	char user[128], *ret, *homedir;
585 	struct passwd *pw;
586 	u_int len, slash;
587 
588 	if (*filename != '~')
589 		return (xstrdup(filename));
590 	filename++;
591 
592 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
593 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
594 		slash = path - filename;
595 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
596 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
597 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
598 		user[slash] = '\0';
599 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
600 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
601 		homedir = pw->pw_dir;
602 	} else {
603 		if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
604 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld",
605 			    (long)uid);
606 		homedir = pw->pw_dir;
607 	}
608 
609 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
610 	len = strlen(homedir);
611 	if (len == 0 || homedir[len - 1] != '/')
612 		sep = "/";
613 	else
614 		sep = "";
615 
616 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
617 	if (path != NULL)
618 		filename = path + 1;
619 
620 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", homedir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
621 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
622 
623 	return (ret);
624 }
625 
626 /*
627  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
628  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
629  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
630  * allocated by xmalloc.
631  */
632 char *
633 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
634 {
635 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
636 	u_int num_keys, i, j;
637 	struct {
638 		const char *key;
639 		const char *repl;
640 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
641 	char buf[4096];
642 	va_list ap;
643 
644 	/* Gather keys */
645 	va_start(ap, string);
646 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
647 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
648 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
649 			break;
650 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
651 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
652 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
653 	}
654 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
655 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
656 	va_end(ap);
657 
658 	/* Expand string */
659 	*buf = '\0';
660 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
661 		if (*string != '%') {
662  append:
663 			buf[i++] = *string;
664 			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
665 				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
666 			buf[i] = '\0';
667 			continue;
668 		}
669 		string++;
670 		/* %% case */
671 		if (*string == '%')
672 			goto append;
673 		if (*string == '\0')
674 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
675 		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
676 			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
677 				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
678 				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
679 					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
680 				break;
681 			}
682 		}
683 		if (j >= num_keys)
684 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
685 	}
686 	return (xstrdup(buf));
687 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
688 }
689 
690 /*
691  * Read an entire line from a public key file into a static buffer, discarding
692  * lines that exceed the buffer size.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
693  */
694 int
695 read_keyfile_line(FILE *f, const char *filename, char *buf, size_t bufsz,
696    u_long *lineno)
697 {
698 	while (fgets(buf, bufsz, f) != NULL) {
699 		if (buf[0] == '\0')
700 			continue;
701 		(*lineno)++;
702 		if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n' || feof(f)) {
703 			return 0;
704 		} else {
705 			debug("%s: %s line %lu exceeds size limit", __func__,
706 			    filename, *lineno);
707 			/* discard remainder of line */
708 			while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f))
709 				;	/* nothing */
710 		}
711 	}
712 	return -1;
713 }
714 
715 int
716 tun_open(int tun, int mode)
717 {
718 	struct ifreq ifr;
719 	char name[100];
720 	int fd = -1, sock;
721 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
722 
723 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
724 		tunbase = "tap";
725 
726 	/* Open the tunnel device */
727 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
728 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
729 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
730 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
731 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
732 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
733 			    tunbase, tun);
734 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
735 				break;
736 		}
737 	} else {
738 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
739 		return -1;
740 	}
741 
742 	if (fd < 0) {
743 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
744 		return -1;
745 	}
746 
747 
748 #ifdef TUNSIFHEAD
749 	/* Turn on tunnel headers */
750 	int flag = 1;
751 	if (mode != SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET &&
752 	    ioctl(fd, TUNSIFHEAD, &flag) == -1) {
753 		debug("%s: ioctl(%d, TUNSIFHEAD, 1): %s", __func__, fd,
754 		    strerror(errno));
755 		close(fd);
756 		return -1;
757 	}
758 #endif
759 
760 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, ifr.ifr_name, mode, fd);
761 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
762 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
763 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
764 		goto failed;
765 
766 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
767 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
768 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
769 		goto failed;
770 	}
771 
772 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
773 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
774 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
775 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
776 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
777 			goto failed;
778 		}
779 	}
780 
781 	close(sock);
782 	return fd;
783 
784  failed:
785 	if (fd >= 0)
786 		close(fd);
787 	if (sock >= 0)
788 		close(sock);
789 	debug("%s: failed to set %s mode %d: %s", __func__, ifr.ifr_name,
790 	    mode, strerror(errno));
791 	return -1;
792 }
793 
794 void
795 sanitise_stdfd(void)
796 {
797 	int nullfd, dupfd;
798 
799 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
800 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
801 		    strerror(errno));
802 		exit(1);
803 	}
804 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
805 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
806 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
807 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
808 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
809 				exit(1);
810 			}
811 		}
812 	}
813 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
814 		close(nullfd);
815 }
816 
817 char *
818 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
819 {
820 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
821 	char b[3], *r;
822 	size_t i, hl;
823 
824 	if (l > 65536)
825 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
826 
827 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
828 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
829 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
830 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
831 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
832 	}
833 	return (r);
834 }
835 
836 u_int64_t
837 get_u64(const void *vp)
838 {
839 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
840 	u_int64_t v;
841 
842 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
843 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
844 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
845 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
846 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
847 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
848 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
849 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
850 
851 	return (v);
852 }
853 
854 u_int32_t
855 get_u32(const void *vp)
856 {
857 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
858 	u_int32_t v;
859 
860 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
861 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
862 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
863 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
864 
865 	return (v);
866 }
867 
868 u_int32_t
869 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
870 {
871 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
872 	u_int32_t v;
873 
874 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
875 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
876 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
877 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
878 
879 	return (v);
880 }
881 
882 u_int16_t
883 get_u16(const void *vp)
884 {
885 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
886 	u_int16_t v;
887 
888 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
889 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
890 
891 	return (v);
892 }
893 
894 void
895 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
896 {
897 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
898 
899 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
900 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
901 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
902 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
903 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
904 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
905 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
906 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
907 }
908 
909 void
910 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
911 {
912 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
913 
914 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
915 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
916 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
917 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
918 }
919 
920 void
921 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
922 {
923 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
924 
925 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
926 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
927 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
928 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
929 }
930 
931 void
932 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
933 {
934 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
935 
936 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
937 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
938 }
939 
940 void
941 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
942 {
943 	struct timeval diff, finish;
944 
945 	gettimeofday(&finish, NULL);
946 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
947 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
948 }
949 
950 void
951 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
952 {
953 	if (ms < 0)
954 		ms = 0;
955 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
956 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
957 }
958 
959 time_t
960 monotime(void)
961 {
962 	struct timespec ts;
963 
964 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != 0)
965 		fatal("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
966 
967 	return (ts.tv_sec);
968 }
969 
970 double
971 monotime_double(void)
972 {
973 	struct timespec ts;
974 
975 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != 0)
976 		fatal("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
977 
978 	return (ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000);
979 }
980 
981 void
982 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
983 {
984 	bw->buflen = buflen;
985 	bw->rate = kbps;
986 	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
987 	bw->lamt = 0;
988 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
989 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
990 }
991 
992 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
993 void
994 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
995 {
996 	u_int64_t waitlen;
997 	struct timespec ts, rm;
998 
999 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1000 		gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
1001 		return;
1002 	}
1003 
1004 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1005 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1006 		return;
1007 
1008 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwend, NULL);
1009 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1010 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1011 		return;
1012 
1013 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1014 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1015 
1016 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1017 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1018 
1019 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1020 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1021 
1022 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1023 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1024 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1025 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1026 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1027 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1028 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1029 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1030 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1031 		}
1032 
1033 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1034 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1035 			if (errno != EINTR)
1036 				break;
1037 			ts = rm;
1038 		}
1039 	}
1040 
1041 	bw->lamt = 0;
1042 	gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
1043 }
1044 
1045 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1046 void
1047 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1048 {
1049 	const char *tmpdir;
1050 	int r;
1051 
1052 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1053 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1054 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1055 			return;
1056 	}
1057 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1058 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1059 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1060 }
1061 
1062 static const struct {
1063 	const char *name;
1064 	int value;
1065 } ipqos[] = {
1066 	{ "none", INT_MAX },		/* can't use 0 here; that's CS0 */
1067 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1068 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1069 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1070 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1071 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1072 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1073 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1074 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1075 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1076 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1077 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1078 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1079 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1080 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1081 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1082 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1083 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1084 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1085 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1086 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1087 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1088 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1089 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1090 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1091 	{ NULL, -1 }
1092 };
1093 
1094 int
1095 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1096 {
1097 	u_int i;
1098 	char *ep;
1099 	long val;
1100 
1101 	if (cp == NULL)
1102 		return -1;
1103 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1104 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1105 			return ipqos[i].value;
1106 	}
1107 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1108 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1109 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1110 		return -1;
1111 	return val;
1112 }
1113 
1114 const char *
1115 iptos2str(int iptos)
1116 {
1117 	int i;
1118 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1119 
1120 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1121 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1122 			return ipqos[i].name;
1123 	}
1124 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1125 	return iptos_str;
1126 }
1127 
1128 void
1129 lowercase(char *s)
1130 {
1131 	for (; *s; s++)
1132 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1133 }
1134 
1135 int
1136 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1137 {
1138 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1139 	int saved_errno, sock;
1140 
1141 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1142 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1143 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path, sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1144 		error("%s: \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket", __func__,
1145 		    path);
1146 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1147 		return -1;
1148 	}
1149 
1150 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1151 	if (sock < 0) {
1152 		saved_errno = errno;
1153 		error("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1154 		errno = saved_errno;
1155 		return -1;
1156 	}
1157 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1158 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1159 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1160 	}
1161 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) < 0) {
1162 		saved_errno = errno;
1163 		error("bind: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1164 		close(sock);
1165 		error("%s: cannot bind to path: %s", __func__, path);
1166 		errno = saved_errno;
1167 		return -1;
1168 	}
1169 	if (listen(sock, backlog) < 0) {
1170 		saved_errno = errno;
1171 		error("listen: %.100s", strerror(errno));
1172 		close(sock);
1173 		unlink(path);
1174 		error("%s: cannot listen on path: %s", __func__, path);
1175 		errno = saved_errno;
1176 		return -1;
1177 	}
1178 	return sock;
1179 }
1180 
1181 /*
1182  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1183  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1184  */
1185 static int
1186 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1187 {
1188 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1189 		return 0;
1190 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1191 		return 0;
1192 	return 1;
1193 }
1194 
1195 /*
1196  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1197  * zero otherwise.
1198  */
1199 int
1200 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1201 {
1202 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1203 		return 0;
1204 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1205 		return 0;
1206 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1207 		return 0;
1208 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1209 		return 0;
1210 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1211 		return 0;
1212 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1213 		return 0;
1214 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1215 	return 1;
1216 }
1217 
1218 /* returns 1 if bind to specified port by specified user is permitted */
1219 int
1220 bind_permitted(int port, uid_t uid)
1221 {
1222 	if (port < IPPORT_RESERVED && uid != 0)
1223 		return 0;
1224 	return 1;
1225 }
1226 
1227 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1228 int
1229 daemonized(void)
1230 {
1231 	int fd;
1232 
1233 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1234 		close(fd);
1235 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1236 	}
1237 	if (getppid() != 1)
1238 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1239 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1240 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1241 	debug3("already daemonized");
1242 	return 1;
1243 }
1244 
1245 
1246 /*
1247  * Splits 's' into an argument vector. Handles quoted string and basic
1248  * escape characters (\\, \", \'). Caller must free the argument vector
1249  * and its members.
1250  */
1251 int
1252 argv_split(const char *s, int *argcp, char ***argvp)
1253 {
1254 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1255 	int argc = 0, quote, i, j;
1256 	char *arg, **argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*argv));
1257 
1258 	*argvp = NULL;
1259 	*argcp = 0;
1260 
1261 	for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1262 		/* Skip leading whitespace */
1263 		if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t')
1264 			continue;
1265 
1266 		/* Start of a token */
1267 		quote = 0;
1268 		if (s[i] == '\\' &&
1269 		    (s[i + 1] == '\'' || s[i + 1] == '\"' || s[i + 1] == '\\'))
1270 			i++;
1271 		else if (s[i] == '\'' || s[i] == '"')
1272 			quote = s[i++];
1273 
1274 		argv = xreallocarray(argv, (argc + 2), sizeof(*argv));
1275 		arg = argv[argc++] = xcalloc(1, strlen(s + i) + 1);
1276 		argv[argc] = NULL;
1277 
1278 		/* Copy the token in, removing escapes */
1279 		for (j = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1280 			if (s[i] == '\\') {
1281 				if (s[i + 1] == '\'' ||
1282 				    s[i + 1] == '\"' ||
1283 				    s[i + 1] == '\\') {
1284 					i++; /* Skip '\' */
1285 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1286 				} else {
1287 					/* Unrecognised escape */
1288 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1289 				}
1290 			} else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t'))
1291 				break; /* done */
1292 			else if (quote != 0 && s[i] == quote)
1293 				break; /* done */
1294 			else
1295 				arg[j++] = s[i];
1296 		}
1297 		if (s[i] == '\0') {
1298 			if (quote != 0) {
1299 				/* Ran out of string looking for close quote */
1300 				r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1301 				goto out;
1302 			}
1303 			break;
1304 		}
1305 	}
1306 	/* Success */
1307 	*argcp = argc;
1308 	*argvp = argv;
1309 	argc = 0;
1310 	argv = NULL;
1311 	r = 0;
1312  out:
1313 	if (argc != 0 && argv != NULL) {
1314 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
1315 			free(argv[i]);
1316 		free(argv);
1317 	}
1318 	return r;
1319 }
1320 
1321 /*
1322  * Reassemble an argument vector into a string, quoting and escaping as
1323  * necessary. Caller must free returned string.
1324  */
1325 char *
1326 argv_assemble(int argc, char **argv)
1327 {
1328 	int i, j, ws, r;
1329 	char c, *ret;
1330 	struct sshbuf *buf, *arg;
1331 
1332 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (arg = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1333 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1334 
1335 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1336 		ws = 0;
1337 		sshbuf_reset(arg);
1338 		for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
1339 			r = 0;
1340 			c = argv[i][j];
1341 			switch (c) {
1342 			case ' ':
1343 			case '\t':
1344 				ws = 1;
1345 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1346 				break;
1347 			case '\\':
1348 			case '\'':
1349 			case '"':
1350 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, '\\')) != 0)
1351 					break;
1352 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
1353 			default:
1354 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1355 				break;
1356 			}
1357 			if (r != 0)
1358 				fatal("%s: sshbuf_put_u8: %s",
1359 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1360 		}
1361 		if ((i != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, ' ')) != 0) ||
1362 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0) ||
1363 		    (r = sshbuf_putb(buf, arg)) != 0 ||
1364 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0))
1365 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1366 	}
1367 	if ((ret = malloc(sshbuf_len(buf) + 1)) == NULL)
1368 		fatal("%s: malloc failed", __func__);
1369 	memcpy(ret, sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
1370 	ret[sshbuf_len(buf)] = '\0';
1371 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1372 	sshbuf_free(arg);
1373 	return ret;
1374 }
1375 
1376 /*
1377  * Runs command in a subprocess wuth a minimal environment.
1378  * Returns pid on success, 0 on failure.
1379  * The child stdout and stderr maybe captured, left attached or sent to
1380  * /dev/null depending on the contents of flags.
1381  * "tag" is prepended to log messages.
1382  * NB. "command" is only used for logging; the actual command executed is
1383  * av[0].
1384  */
1385 pid_t
1386 subprocess(const char *tag, struct passwd *pw, const char *command,
1387     int ac, char **av, FILE **child, u_int flags)
1388 {
1389 	FILE *f = NULL;
1390 	struct stat st;
1391 	int fd, devnull, p[2], i;
1392 	pid_t pid;
1393 	char *cp, errmsg[512];
1394 	u_int envsize;
1395 	char **child_env;
1396 
1397 	if (child != NULL)
1398 		*child = NULL;
1399 
1400 	debug3("%s: %s command \"%s\" running as %s (flags 0x%x)", __func__,
1401 	    tag, command, pw->pw_name, flags);
1402 
1403 	/* Check consistency */
1404 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0 &&
1405 	    (flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) != 0) {
1406 		error("%s: inconsistent flags", __func__);
1407 		return 0;
1408 	}
1409 	if (((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) == 0) != (child == NULL)) {
1410 		error("%s: inconsistent flags/output", __func__);
1411 		return 0;
1412 	}
1413 
1414 	/*
1415 	 * If executing an explicit binary, then verify the it exists
1416 	 * and appears safe-ish to execute
1417 	 */
1418 	if (*av[0] != '/') {
1419 		error("%s path is not absolute", tag);
1420 		return 0;
1421 	}
1422 	temporarily_use_uid(pw);
1423 	if (stat(av[0], &st) < 0) {
1424 		error("Could not stat %s \"%s\": %s", tag,
1425 		    av[0], strerror(errno));
1426 		restore_uid();
1427 		return 0;
1428 	}
1429 	if (safe_path(av[0], &st, NULL, 0, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)) != 0) {
1430 		error("Unsafe %s \"%s\": %s", tag, av[0], errmsg);
1431 		restore_uid();
1432 		return 0;
1433 	}
1434 	/* Prepare to keep the child's stdout if requested */
1435 	if (pipe(p) != 0) {
1436 		error("%s: pipe: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1437 		restore_uid();
1438 		return 0;
1439 	}
1440 	restore_uid();
1441 
1442 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1443 	case -1: /* error */
1444 		error("%s: fork: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1445 		close(p[0]);
1446 		close(p[1]);
1447 		return 0;
1448 	case 0: /* child */
1449 		/* Prepare a minimal environment for the child. */
1450 		envsize = 5;
1451 		child_env = xcalloc(sizeof(*child_env), envsize);
1452 		child_set_env(&child_env, &envsize, "PATH", _PATH_STDPATH);
1453 		child_set_env(&child_env, &envsize, "USER", pw->pw_name);
1454 		child_set_env(&child_env, &envsize, "LOGNAME", pw->pw_name);
1455 		child_set_env(&child_env, &envsize, "HOME", pw->pw_dir);
1456 		if ((cp = getenv("LANG")) != NULL)
1457 			child_set_env(&child_env, &envsize, "LANG", cp);
1458 
1459 		for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++)
1460 			signal(i, SIG_DFL);
1461 
1462 		if ((devnull = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1463 			error("%s: open %s: %s", tag, _PATH_DEVNULL,
1464 			    strerror(errno));
1465 			_exit(1);
1466 		}
1467 		if (dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1) {
1468 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1469 			_exit(1);
1470 		}
1471 
1472 		/* Set up stdout as requested; leave stderr in place for now. */
1473 		fd = -1;
1474 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) != 0)
1475 			fd = p[1];
1476 		else if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0)
1477 			fd = devnull;
1478 		if (fd != -1 && dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
1479 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1480 			_exit(1);
1481 		}
1482 		closefrom(STDERR_FILENO + 1);
1483 
1484 		/* Don't use permanently_set_uid() here to avoid fatal() */
1485 		if (setgid(pw->pw_gid) == -1) {
1486 			error("%s: setgid %u: %s", tag, (u_int)pw->pw_gid,
1487 			    strerror(errno));
1488 			_exit(1);
1489 		}
1490 		if (setuid(pw->pw_uid) == -1) {
1491 			error("%s: setuid %u: %s", tag, (u_int)pw->pw_uid,
1492 			    strerror(errno));
1493 			_exit(1);
1494 		}
1495 		/* stdin is pointed to /dev/null at this point */
1496 		if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_DISCARD) != 0 &&
1497 		    dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
1498 			error("%s: dup2: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1499 			_exit(1);
1500 		}
1501 
1502 		execve(av[0], av, child_env);
1503 		error("%s exec \"%s\": %s", tag, command, strerror(errno));
1504 		_exit(127);
1505 	default: /* parent */
1506 		break;
1507 	}
1508 
1509 	close(p[1]);
1510 	if ((flags & SSH_SUBPROCESS_STDOUT_CAPTURE) == 0)
1511 		close(p[0]);
1512 	else if ((f = fdopen(p[0], "r")) == NULL) {
1513 		error("%s: fdopen: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1514 		close(p[0]);
1515 		/* Don't leave zombie child */
1516 		kill(pid, SIGTERM);
1517 		while (waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) == -1 && errno == EINTR)
1518 			;
1519 		return 0;
1520 	}
1521 	/* Success */
1522 	debug3("%s: %s pid %ld", __func__, tag, (long)pid);
1523 	if (child != NULL)
1524 		*child = f;
1525 	return pid;
1526 }
1527 
1528 /* Returns 0 if pid exited cleanly, non-zero otherwise */
1529 int
1530 exited_cleanly(pid_t pid, const char *tag, const char *cmd, int quiet)
1531 {
1532 	int status;
1533 
1534 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1535 		if (errno != EINTR) {
1536 			error("%s: waitpid: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1537 			return -1;
1538 		}
1539 	}
1540 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1541 		error("%s %s exited on signal %d", tag, cmd, WTERMSIG(status));
1542 		return -1;
1543 	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
1544 		do_log2(quiet ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 : SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
1545 		    "%s %s failed, status %d", tag, cmd, WEXITSTATUS(status));
1546 		return -1;
1547 	}
1548 	return 0;
1549 }
1550 
1551 /*
1552  * Check a given path for security. This is defined as all components
1553  * of the path to the file must be owned by either the owner of
1554  * of the file or root and no directories must be group or world writable.
1555  *
1556  * XXX Should any specific check be done for sym links ?
1557  *
1558  * Takes a file name, its stat information (preferably from fstat() to
1559  * avoid races), the uid of the expected owner, their home directory and an
1560  * error buffer plus max size as arguments.
1561  *
1562  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1563  */
1564 int
1565 safe_path(const char *name, struct stat *stp, const char *pw_dir,
1566     uid_t uid, char *err, size_t errlen)
1567 {
1568 	char buf[PATH_MAX], homedir[PATH_MAX];
1569 	char *cp;
1570 	int comparehome = 0;
1571 	struct stat st;
1572 
1573 	if (realpath(name, buf) == NULL) {
1574 		snprintf(err, errlen, "realpath %s failed: %s", name,
1575 		    strerror(errno));
1576 		return -1;
1577 	}
1578 	if (pw_dir != NULL && realpath(pw_dir, homedir) != NULL)
1579 		comparehome = 1;
1580 
1581 	if (!S_ISREG(stp->st_mode)) {
1582 		snprintf(err, errlen, "%s is not a regular file", buf);
1583 		return -1;
1584 	}
1585 	if ((stp->st_uid != 0 && stp->st_uid != uid) ||
1586 	    (stp->st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1587 		snprintf(err, errlen, "bad ownership or modes for file %s",
1588 		    buf);
1589 		return -1;
1590 	}
1591 
1592 	/* for each component of the canonical path, walking upwards */
1593 	for (;;) {
1594 		if ((cp = dirname(buf)) == NULL) {
1595 			snprintf(err, errlen, "dirname() failed");
1596 			return -1;
1597 		}
1598 		strlcpy(buf, cp, sizeof(buf));
1599 
1600 		if (stat(buf, &st) < 0 ||
1601 		    (st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != uid) ||
1602 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1603 			snprintf(err, errlen,
1604 			    "bad ownership or modes for directory %s", buf);
1605 			return -1;
1606 		}
1607 
1608 		/* If are past the homedir then we can stop */
1609 		if (comparehome && strcmp(homedir, buf) == 0)
1610 			break;
1611 
1612 		/*
1613 		 * dirname should always complete with a "/" path,
1614 		 * but we can be paranoid and check for "." too
1615 		 */
1616 		if ((strcmp("/", buf) == 0) || (strcmp(".", buf) == 0))
1617 			break;
1618 	}
1619 	return 0;
1620 }
1621 
1622 /*
1623  * Version of safe_path() that accepts an open file descriptor to
1624  * avoid races.
1625  *
1626  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1627  */
1628 int
1629 safe_path_fd(int fd, const char *file, struct passwd *pw,
1630     char *err, size_t errlen)
1631 {
1632 	struct stat st;
1633 
1634 	/* check the open file to avoid races */
1635 	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
1636 		snprintf(err, errlen, "cannot stat file %s: %s",
1637 		    file, strerror(errno));
1638 		return -1;
1639 	}
1640 	return safe_path(file, &st, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_uid, err, errlen);
1641 }
1642 
1643 /*
1644  * Sets the value of the given variable in the environment.  If the variable
1645  * already exists, its value is overridden.
1646  */
1647 void
1648 child_set_env(char ***envp, u_int *envsizep, const char *name,
1649 	const char *value)
1650 {
1651 	char **env;
1652 	u_int envsize;
1653 	u_int i, namelen;
1654 
1655 	if (strchr(name, '=') != NULL) {
1656 		error("Invalid environment variable \"%.100s\"", name);
1657 		return;
1658 	}
1659 
1660 	/*
1661 	 * Find the slot where the value should be stored.  If the variable
1662 	 * already exists, we reuse the slot; otherwise we append a new slot
1663 	 * at the end of the array, expanding if necessary.
1664 	 */
1665 	env = *envp;
1666 	namelen = strlen(name);
1667 	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
1668 		if (strncmp(env[i], name, namelen) == 0 && env[i][namelen] == '=')
1669 			break;
1670 	if (env[i]) {
1671 		/* Reuse the slot. */
1672 		free(env[i]);
1673 	} else {
1674 		/* New variable.  Expand if necessary. */
1675 		envsize = *envsizep;
1676 		if (i >= envsize - 1) {
1677 			if (envsize >= 1000)
1678 				fatal("child_set_env: too many env vars");
1679 			envsize += 50;
1680 			env = (*envp) = xreallocarray(env, envsize, sizeof(char *));
1681 			*envsizep = envsize;
1682 		}
1683 		/* Need to set the NULL pointer at end of array beyond the new slot. */
1684 		env[i + 1] = NULL;
1685 	}
1686 
1687 	/* Allocate space and format the variable in the appropriate slot. */
1688 	env[i] = xmalloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
1689 	snprintf(env[i], strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1, "%s=%s", name, value);
1690 }
1691 
1692