xref: /netbsd-src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/misc.c (revision 7330f729ccf0bd976a06f95fad452fe774fc7fd1)
1 /*	$NetBSD: misc.c,v 1.21 2019/10/12 18:32:22 christos Exp $	*/
2 /* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.142 2019/09/03 08:32:11 djm Exp $ */
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
5  * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #include "includes.h"
29 __RCSID("$NetBSD: misc.c,v 1.21 2019/10/12 18:32:22 christos Exp $");
30 #include <sys/types.h>
31 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
32 #include <sys/socket.h>
33 #include <sys/stat.h>
34 #include <sys/time.h>
35 #include <sys/wait.h>
36 #include <sys/un.h>
37 
38 #include <net/if.h>
39 #include <net/if_tun.h>
40 #include <netinet/in.h>
41 #include <netinet/ip.h>
42 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
43 #include <arpa/inet.h>
44 
45 #include <ctype.h>
46 #include <errno.h>
47 #include <fcntl.h>
48 #include <netdb.h>
49 #include <paths.h>
50 #include <pwd.h>
51 #include <libgen.h>
52 #include <limits.h>
53 #include <poll.h>
54 #include <signal.h>
55 #include <stdarg.h>
56 #include <stdio.h>
57 #include <stdlib.h>
58 #include <string.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60 
61 #include "xmalloc.h"
62 #include "misc.h"
63 #include "log.h"
64 #include "ssh.h"
65 #include "sshbuf.h"
66 #include "ssherr.h"
67 
68 /* remove newline at end of string */
69 char *
70 chop(char *s)
71 {
72 	char *t = s;
73 	while (*t) {
74 		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
75 			*t = '\0';
76 			return s;
77 		}
78 		t++;
79 	}
80 	return s;
81 
82 }
83 
84 /* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
85 int
86 set_nonblock(int fd)
87 {
88 	int val;
89 
90 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
91 	if (val == -1) {
92 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
93 		return (-1);
94 	}
95 	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
96 		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
97 		return (0);
98 	}
99 	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
100 	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
101 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
102 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
103 		    strerror(errno));
104 		return (-1);
105 	}
106 	return (0);
107 }
108 
109 int
110 unset_nonblock(int fd)
111 {
112 	int val;
113 
114 	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
115 	if (val == -1) {
116 		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
117 		return (-1);
118 	}
119 	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
120 		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
121 		return (0);
122 	}
123 	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
124 	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
125 	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
126 		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
127 		    fd, strerror(errno));
128 		return (-1);
129 	}
130 	return (0);
131 }
132 
133 const char *
134 ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
135 {
136 	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
137 		return strerror(errno);
138 	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
139 }
140 
141 /* disable nagle on socket */
142 void
143 set_nodelay(int fd)
144 {
145 	int opt;
146 	socklen_t optlen;
147 
148 	optlen = sizeof opt;
149 	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
150 		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
151 		return;
152 	}
153 	if (opt == 1) {
154 		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
155 		return;
156 	}
157 	opt = 1;
158 	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
159 	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
160 		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
161 }
162 
163 /* Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT */
164 int
165 set_reuseaddr(int fd)
166 {
167 	int on = 1;
168 
169 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) {
170 		error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
171 		return -1;
172 	}
173 	return 0;
174 }
175 
176 /* Get/set routing domain */
177 char *
178 get_rdomain(int fd)
179 {
180 #ifdef SO_RTABLE
181 	int rtable;
182 	char *ret;
183 	socklen_t len = sizeof(rtable);
184 
185 	if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtable, &len) == -1) {
186 		error("Failed to get routing domain for fd %d: %s",
187 		    fd, strerror(errno));
188 		return NULL;
189 	}
190 	xasprintf(&ret, "%d", rtable);
191 	return ret;
192 #else
193 	return NULL;
194 #endif
195 }
196 
197 int
198 set_rdomain(int fd, const char *name)
199 {
200 #ifdef SO_RTABLE
201 	int rtable;
202 	const char *errstr;
203 
204 	if (name == NULL)
205 		return 0; /* default table */
206 
207 	rtable = (int)strtonum(name, 0, 255, &errstr);
208 	if (errstr != NULL) {
209 		/* Shouldn't happen */
210 		error("Invalid routing domain \"%s\": %s", name, errstr);
211 		return -1;
212 	}
213 	if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
214 	    &rtable, sizeof(rtable)) == -1) {
215 		error("Failed to set routing domain %d on fd %d: %s",
216 		    rtable, fd, strerror(errno));
217 		return -1;
218 	}
219 	return 0;
220 #else
221 	return -1;
222 #endif
223 }
224 
225 /*
226  * Wait up to *timeoutp milliseconds for fd to be readable. Updates
227  * *timeoutp with time remaining.
228  * Returns 0 if fd ready or -1 on timeout or error (see errno).
229  */
230 int
231 waitrfd(int fd, int *timeoutp)
232 {
233 	struct pollfd pfd;
234 	struct timeval t_start;
235 	int oerrno, r;
236 
237 	monotime_tv(&t_start);
238 	pfd.fd = fd;
239 	pfd.events = POLLIN;
240 	for (; *timeoutp >= 0;) {
241 		r = poll(&pfd, 1, *timeoutp);
242 		oerrno = errno;
243 		ms_subtract_diff(&t_start, timeoutp);
244 		errno = oerrno;
245 		if (r > 0)
246 			return 0;
247 		else if (r == -1 && errno != EAGAIN)
248 			return -1;
249 		else if (r == 0)
250 			break;
251 	}
252 	/* timeout */
253 	errno = ETIMEDOUT;
254 	return -1;
255 }
256 
257 /*
258  * Attempt a non-blocking connect(2) to the specified address, waiting up to
259  * *timeoutp milliseconds for the connection to complete. If the timeout is
260  * <=0, then wait indefinitely.
261  *
262  * Returns 0 on success or -1 on failure.
263  */
264 int
265 timeout_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *serv_addr,
266     socklen_t addrlen, int *timeoutp)
267 {
268 	int optval = 0;
269 	socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval);
270 
271 	/* No timeout: just do a blocking connect() */
272 	if (timeoutp == NULL || *timeoutp <= 0)
273 		return connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen);
274 
275 	set_nonblock(sockfd);
276 	if (connect(sockfd, serv_addr, addrlen) == 0) {
277 		/* Succeeded already? */
278 		unset_nonblock(sockfd);
279 		return 0;
280 	} else if (errno != EINPROGRESS)
281 		return -1;
282 
283 	if (waitrfd(sockfd, timeoutp) == -1)
284 		return -1;
285 
286 	/* Completed or failed */
287 	if (getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &optval, &optlen) == -1) {
288 		debug("getsockopt: %s", strerror(errno));
289 		return -1;
290 	}
291 	if (optval != 0) {
292 		errno = optval;
293 		return -1;
294 	}
295 	unset_nonblock(sockfd);
296 	return 0;
297 }
298 
299 /* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
300 #define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
301 #define QUOTE	"\""
302 
303 /* return next token in configuration line */
304 static char *
305 strdelim_internal(char **s, int split_equals)
306 {
307 	char *old;
308 	int wspace = 0;
309 
310 	if (*s == NULL)
311 		return NULL;
312 
313 	old = *s;
314 
315 	*s = strpbrk(*s,
316 	    split_equals ? WHITESPACE QUOTE "=" : WHITESPACE QUOTE);
317 	if (*s == NULL)
318 		return (old);
319 
320 	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
321 		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
322 		/* Find matching quote */
323 		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
324 			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
325 		} else {
326 			*s[0] = '\0';
327 			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
328 			return (old);
329 		}
330 	}
331 
332 	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
333 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=')
334 		wspace = 1;
335 	*s[0] = '\0';
336 
337 	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
338 	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
339 	if (split_equals && *s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
340 		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
341 
342 	return (old);
343 }
344 
345 /*
346  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace or a
347  * single '=' character.
348  */
349 char *
350 strdelim(char **s)
351 {
352 	return strdelim_internal(s, 1);
353 }
354 
355 /*
356  * Return next token in configuration line; splts on whitespace only.
357  */
358 char *
359 strdelimw(char **s)
360 {
361 	return strdelim_internal(s, 0);
362 }
363 
364 struct passwd *
365 pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
366 {
367 	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
368 
369 	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
370 	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
371 	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
372 	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
373 	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
374 	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
375 	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
376 	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
377 	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
378 	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
379 	return copy;
380 }
381 
382 /*
383  * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
384  * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
385  * Return -1 if invalid.
386  */
387 int
388 a2port(const char *s)
389 {
390 	struct servent *se;
391 	long long port;
392 	const char *errstr;
393 
394 	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
395 	if (errstr == NULL)
396 		return (int)port;
397 	if ((se = getservbyname(s, "tcp")) != NULL)
398 		return ntohs(se->s_port);
399 	return -1;
400 }
401 
402 int
403 a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
404 {
405 	const char *errstr = NULL;
406 	char *sp, *ep;
407 	int tun;
408 
409 	if (remote != NULL) {
410 		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
411 		sp = xstrdup(s);
412 		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
413 			free(sp);
414 			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
415 		}
416 		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
417 		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
418 		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
419 		free(sp);
420 		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
421 	}
422 
423 	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
424 		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
425 
426 	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
427 	if (errstr != NULL)
428 		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
429 
430 	return (tun);
431 }
432 
433 #define SECONDS		1
434 #define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
435 #define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
436 #define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
437 #define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
438 
439 /*
440  * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
441  * a sequence of:
442  *      time[qualifier]
443  *
444  * Valid time qualifiers are:
445  *      <none>  seconds
446  *      s|S     seconds
447  *      m|M     minutes
448  *      h|H     hours
449  *      d|D     days
450  *      w|W     weeks
451  *
452  * Examples:
453  *      90m     90 minutes
454  *      1h30m   90 minutes
455  *      2d      2 days
456  *      1w      1 week
457  *
458  * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
459  */
460 long
461 convtime(const char *s)
462 {
463 	long total, secs, multiplier = 1;
464 	const char *p;
465 	char *endp;
466 
467 	errno = 0;
468 	total = 0;
469 	p = s;
470 
471 	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
472 		return -1;
473 
474 	while (*p) {
475 		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
476 		if (p == endp ||
477 		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
478 		    secs < 0)
479 			return -1;
480 
481 		switch (*endp++) {
482 		case '\0':
483 			endp--;
484 			break;
485 		case 's':
486 		case 'S':
487 			break;
488 		case 'm':
489 		case 'M':
490 			multiplier = MINUTES;
491 			break;
492 		case 'h':
493 		case 'H':
494 			multiplier = HOURS;
495 			break;
496 		case 'd':
497 		case 'D':
498 			multiplier = DAYS;
499 			break;
500 		case 'w':
501 		case 'W':
502 			multiplier = WEEKS;
503 			break;
504 		default:
505 			return -1;
506 		}
507 		if (secs >= LONG_MAX / multiplier)
508 			return -1;
509 		secs *= multiplier;
510 		if  (total >= LONG_MAX - secs)
511 			return -1;
512 		total += secs;
513 		if (total < 0)
514 			return -1;
515 		p = endp;
516 	}
517 
518 	return total;
519 }
520 
521 /*
522  * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
523  * Caller must free returned string.
524  */
525 char *
526 put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
527 {
528 	char *hoststr;
529 
530 	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
531 		return(xstrdup(host));
532 	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) == -1)
533 		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
534 	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
535 	return hoststr;
536 }
537 
538 /*
539  * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
540  * Argument may be modified (for termination).
541  * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
542  * *cp is set to the start of the next field, if one was found.
543  * The delimiter char, if present, is stored in delim.
544  * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
545  */
546 char *
547 hpdelim2(char **cp, char *delim)
548 {
549 	char *s, *old;
550 
551 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
552 		return NULL;
553 
554 	old = s = *cp;
555 	if (*s == '[') {
556 		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
557 			return NULL;
558 		else
559 			s++;
560 	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
561 		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
562 
563 	switch (*s) {
564 	case '\0':
565 		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
566 		break;
567 
568 	case ':':
569 	case '/':
570 		if (delim != NULL)
571 			*delim = *s;
572 		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
573 		*cp = s + 1;
574 		break;
575 
576 	default:
577 		return NULL;
578 	}
579 
580 	return old;
581 }
582 
583 char *
584 hpdelim(char **cp)
585 {
586 	return hpdelim2(cp, NULL);
587 }
588 
589 char *
590 cleanhostname(char *host)
591 {
592 	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
593 		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
594 		return (host + 1);
595 	} else
596 		return host;
597 }
598 
599 char *
600 colon(char *cp)
601 {
602 	int flag = 0;
603 
604 	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
605 		return NULL;
606 	if (*cp == '[')
607 		flag = 1;
608 
609 	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
610 		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
611 			flag = 1;
612 		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
613 			return (cp+1);
614 		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
615 			return (cp);
616 		if (*cp == '/')
617 			return NULL;
618 	}
619 	return NULL;
620 }
621 
622 /*
623  * Parse a [user@]host:[path] string.
624  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
625  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
626  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
627  * If host was not specified then *hostp will be set to NULL.
628  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to ".".
629  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
630  */
631 int
632 parse_user_host_path(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp,
633     const char **pathp)
634 {
635 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
636 	char *tmp, *sdup;
637 	int ret = -1;
638 
639 	if (userp != NULL)
640 		*userp = NULL;
641 	if (hostp != NULL)
642 		*hostp = NULL;
643 	if (pathp != NULL)
644 		*pathp = NULL;
645 
646 	sdup = xstrdup(s);
647 
648 	/* Check for remote syntax: [user@]host:[path] */
649 	if ((tmp = colon(sdup)) == NULL)
650 		goto out;
651 
652 	/* Extract optional path */
653 	*tmp++ = '\0';
654 	if (*tmp == '\0')
655 		tmp = __UNCONST(".");
656 	path = xstrdup(tmp);
657 
658 	/* Extract optional user and mandatory host */
659 	tmp = strrchr(sdup, '@');
660 	if (tmp != NULL) {
661 		*tmp++ = '\0';
662 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(tmp));
663 		if (*sdup != '\0')
664 			user = xstrdup(sdup);
665 	} else {
666 		host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(sdup));
667 		user = NULL;
668 	}
669 
670 	/* Success */
671 	if (userp != NULL) {
672 		*userp = user;
673 		user = NULL;
674 	}
675 	if (hostp != NULL) {
676 		*hostp = host;
677 		host = NULL;
678 	}
679 	if (pathp != NULL) {
680 		*pathp = path;
681 		path = NULL;
682 	}
683 	ret = 0;
684 out:
685 	free(sdup);
686 	free(user);
687 	free(host);
688 	free(path);
689 	return ret;
690 }
691 
692 /*
693  * Parse a [user@]host[:port] string.
694  * Caller must free returned user and host.
695  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking).
696  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
697  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
698  * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
699  */
700 int
701 parse_user_host_port(const char *s, char **userp, char **hostp, int *portp)
702 {
703 	char *sdup, *cp, *tmp;
704 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL;
705 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
706 
707 	if (userp != NULL)
708 		*userp = NULL;
709 	if (hostp != NULL)
710 		*hostp = NULL;
711 	if (portp != NULL)
712 		*portp = -1;
713 
714 	if ((sdup = tmp = strdup(s)) == NULL)
715 		return -1;
716 	/* Extract optional username */
717 	if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
718 		*cp = '\0';
719 		if (*tmp == '\0')
720 			goto out;
721 		if ((user = strdup(tmp)) == NULL)
722 			goto out;
723 		tmp = cp + 1;
724 	}
725 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
726 	if ((cp = hpdelim(&tmp)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
727 		goto out;
728 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
729 	/* Convert and verify optional port */
730 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
731 		if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
732 			goto out;
733 	}
734 	/* Success */
735 	if (userp != NULL) {
736 		*userp = user;
737 		user = NULL;
738 	}
739 	if (hostp != NULL) {
740 		*hostp = host;
741 		host = NULL;
742 	}
743 	if (portp != NULL)
744 		*portp = port;
745 	ret = 0;
746  out:
747 	free(sdup);
748 	free(user);
749 	free(host);
750 	return ret;
751 }
752 
753 /*
754  * Converts a two-byte hex string to decimal.
755  * Returns the decimal value or -1 for invalid input.
756  */
757 static int
758 hexchar(const char *s)
759 {
760 	unsigned char result[2];
761 	int i;
762 
763 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
764 		if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
765 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - '0');
766 		else if (s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'f')
767 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'a') + 10;
768 		else if (s[i] >= 'A' && s[i] <= 'F')
769 			result[i] = (unsigned char)(s[i] - 'A') + 10;
770 		else
771 			return -1;
772 	}
773 	return (result[0] << 4) | result[1];
774 }
775 
776 /*
777  * Decode an url-encoded string.
778  * Returns a newly allocated string on success or NULL on failure.
779  */
780 static char *
781 urldecode(const char *src)
782 {
783 	char *ret, *dst;
784 	int ch;
785 
786 	ret = xmalloc(strlen(src) + 1);
787 	for (dst = ret; *src != '\0'; src++) {
788 		switch (*src) {
789 		case '+':
790 			*dst++ = ' ';
791 			break;
792 		case '%':
793 			if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)src[1]) ||
794 			    !isxdigit((unsigned char)src[2]) ||
795 			    (ch = hexchar(src + 1)) == -1) {
796 				free(ret);
797 				return NULL;
798 			}
799 			*dst++ = ch;
800 			src += 2;
801 			break;
802 		default:
803 			*dst++ = *src;
804 			break;
805 		}
806 	}
807 	*dst = '\0';
808 
809 	return ret;
810 }
811 
812 /*
813  * Parse an (scp|ssh|sftp)://[user@]host[:port][/path] URI.
814  * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-scp-sftp-ssh-uri-04
815  * Either user or path may be url-encoded (but not host or port).
816  * Caller must free returned user, host and path.
817  * Any of the pointer return arguments may be NULL (useful for syntax checking)
818  * but the scheme must always be specified.
819  * If user was not specified then *userp will be set to NULL.
820  * If port was not specified then *portp will be -1.
821  * If path was not specified then *pathp will be set to NULL.
822  * Returns 0 on success, 1 if non-uri/wrong scheme, -1 on error/invalid uri.
823  */
824 int
825 parse_uri(const char *scheme, const char *uri, char **userp, char **hostp,
826     int *portp, const char **pathp)
827 {
828 	char *uridup, *cp, *tmp, ch;
829 	char *user = NULL, *host = NULL, *path = NULL;
830 	int port = -1, ret = -1;
831 	size_t len;
832 
833 	len = strlen(scheme);
834 	if (strncmp(uri, scheme, len) != 0 || strncmp(uri + len, "://", 3) != 0)
835 		return 1;
836 	uri += len + 3;
837 
838 	if (userp != NULL)
839 		*userp = NULL;
840 	if (hostp != NULL)
841 		*hostp = NULL;
842 	if (portp != NULL)
843 		*portp = -1;
844 	if (pathp != NULL)
845 		*pathp = NULL;
846 
847 	uridup = tmp = xstrdup(uri);
848 
849 	/* Extract optional ssh-info (username + connection params) */
850 	if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '@')) != NULL) {
851 		char *delim;
852 
853 		*cp = '\0';
854 		/* Extract username and connection params */
855 		if ((delim = strchr(tmp, ';')) != NULL) {
856 			/* Just ignore connection params for now */
857 			*delim = '\0';
858 		}
859 		if (*tmp == '\0') {
860 			/* Empty username */
861 			goto out;
862 		}
863 		if ((user = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
864 			goto out;
865 		tmp = cp + 1;
866 	}
867 
868 	/* Extract mandatory hostname */
869 	if ((cp = hpdelim2(&tmp, &ch)) == NULL || *cp == '\0')
870 		goto out;
871 	host = xstrdup(cleanhostname(cp));
872 	if (!valid_domain(host, 0, NULL))
873 		goto out;
874 
875 	if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
876 		if (ch == ':') {
877 			/* Convert and verify port. */
878 			if ((cp = strchr(tmp, '/')) != NULL)
879 				*cp = '\0';
880 			if ((port = a2port(tmp)) <= 0)
881 				goto out;
882 			tmp = cp ? cp + 1 : NULL;
883 		}
884 		if (tmp != NULL && *tmp != '\0') {
885 			/* Extract optional path */
886 			if ((path = urldecode(tmp)) == NULL)
887 				goto out;
888 		}
889 	}
890 
891 	/* Success */
892 	if (userp != NULL) {
893 		*userp = user;
894 		user = NULL;
895 	}
896 	if (hostp != NULL) {
897 		*hostp = host;
898 		host = NULL;
899 	}
900 	if (portp != NULL)
901 		*portp = port;
902 	if (pathp != NULL) {
903 		*pathp = path;
904 		path = NULL;
905 	}
906 	ret = 0;
907  out:
908 	free(uridup);
909 	free(user);
910 	free(host);
911 	free(path);
912 	return ret;
913 }
914 
915 /* function to assist building execv() arguments */
916 void
917 addargs(arglist *args, const char *fmt, ...)
918 {
919 	va_list ap;
920 	char *cp;
921 	u_int nalloc;
922 	int r;
923 
924 	va_start(ap, fmt);
925 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
926 	va_end(ap);
927 	if (r == -1)
928 		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
929 
930 	nalloc = args->nalloc;
931 	if (args->list == NULL) {
932 		nalloc = 32;
933 		args->num = 0;
934 	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
935 		nalloc *= 2;
936 
937 	args->list = xrecallocarray(args->list, args->nalloc, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
938 	args->nalloc = nalloc;
939 	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
940 	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
941 }
942 
943 void
944 replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, const char *fmt, ...)
945 {
946 	va_list ap;
947 	char *cp;
948 	int r;
949 
950 	va_start(ap, fmt);
951 	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
952 	va_end(ap);
953 	if (r == -1)
954 		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
955 
956 	if (which >= args->num)
957 		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
958 		    which, args->num);
959 	free(args->list[which]);
960 	args->list[which] = cp;
961 }
962 
963 void
964 freeargs(arglist *args)
965 {
966 	u_int i;
967 
968 	if (args->list != NULL) {
969 		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
970 			free(args->list[i]);
971 		free(args->list);
972 		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
973 		args->list = NULL;
974 	}
975 }
976 
977 /*
978  * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
979  * Warning: this calls getpw*.
980  */
981 char *
982 tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
983 {
984 	const char *path, *sep;
985 	char user[128], *ret, *homedir;
986 	struct passwd *pw;
987 	u_int len, slash;
988 
989 	if (*filename != '~')
990 		return (xstrdup(filename));
991 	filename++;
992 
993 	path = strchr(filename, '/');
994 	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
995 		slash = path - filename;
996 		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
997 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
998 		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
999 		user[slash] = '\0';
1000 		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
1001 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
1002 		homedir = pw->pw_dir;
1003 	} else {
1004 		if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
1005 			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld",
1006 			    (long)uid);
1007 		homedir = pw->pw_dir;
1008 	}
1009 
1010 	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
1011 	len = strlen(homedir);
1012 	if (len == 0 || homedir[len - 1] != '/')
1013 		sep = "/";
1014 	else
1015 		sep = "";
1016 
1017 	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
1018 	if (path != NULL)
1019 		filename = path + 1;
1020 
1021 	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", homedir, sep, filename) >= PATH_MAX)
1022 		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
1023 
1024 	return (ret);
1025 }
1026 
1027 /*
1028  * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
1029  * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
1030  * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
1031  * allocated by xmalloc.
1032  */
1033 char *
1034 percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
1035 {
1036 #define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
1037 	u_int num_keys, i;
1038 	struct {
1039 		const char *key;
1040 		const char *repl;
1041 	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
1042 	struct sshbuf *buf;
1043 	va_list ap;
1044 	int r;
1045 	char *ret;
1046 
1047 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1048 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1049 
1050 	/* Gather keys */
1051 	va_start(ap, string);
1052 	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
1053 		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
1054 		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
1055 			break;
1056 		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
1057 		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
1058 			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
1059 	}
1060 	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
1061 		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
1062 	va_end(ap);
1063 
1064 	/* Expand string */
1065 	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
1066 		if (*string != '%') {
1067  append:
1068 			if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, *string)) != 0) {
1069 				fatal("%s: sshbuf_put_u8: %s",
1070 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1071 			}
1072 			continue;
1073 		}
1074 		string++;
1075 		/* %% case */
1076 		if (*string == '%')
1077 			goto append;
1078 		if (*string == '\0')
1079 			fatal("%s: invalid format", __func__);
1080 		for (i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
1081 			if (strchr(keys[i].key, *string) != NULL) {
1082 				if ((r = sshbuf_put(buf, keys[i].repl,
1083 				    strlen(keys[i].repl))) != 0) {
1084 					fatal("%s: sshbuf_put: %s",
1085 					    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1086 				}
1087 				break;
1088 			}
1089 		}
1090 		if (i >= num_keys)
1091 			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
1092 	}
1093 	if ((ret = sshbuf_dup_string(buf)) == NULL)
1094 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_dup_string failed", __func__);
1095 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1096 	return ret;
1097 #undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
1098 }
1099 
1100 int
1101 tun_open(int tun, int mode, char **ifname)
1102 {
1103 	struct ifreq ifr;
1104 	char name[100];
1105 	int fd = -1, sock;
1106 	const char *tunbase = "tun";
1107 
1108 	if (ifname != NULL)
1109 		*ifname = NULL;
1110 
1111 	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
1112 		tunbase = "tap";
1113 
1114 	/* Open the tunnel device */
1115 	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
1116 		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1117 		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
1118 	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
1119 		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
1120 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/%s%d",
1121 			    tunbase, tun);
1122 			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
1123 				break;
1124 		}
1125 	} else {
1126 		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
1127 		return -1;
1128 	}
1129 
1130 	if (fd == -1) {
1131 		debug("%s: %s open: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
1132 		return -1;
1133 	}
1134 
1135 
1136 #ifdef TUNSIFHEAD
1137 	/* Turn on tunnel headers */
1138 	int flag = 1;
1139 	if (mode != SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET &&
1140 	    ioctl(fd, TUNSIFHEAD, &flag) == -1) {
1141 		debug("%s: ioctl(%d, TUNSIFHEAD, 1): %s", __func__, fd,
1142 		    strerror(errno));
1143 		close(fd);
1144 		return -1;
1145 	}
1146 #endif
1147 
1148 	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, ifr.ifr_name, mode, fd);
1149 	/* Bring interface up if it is not already */
1150 	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "%s%d", tunbase, tun);
1151 	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
1152 		goto failed;
1153 
1154 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1155 		debug("%s: get interface %s flags: %s", __func__,
1156 		    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1157 		goto failed;
1158 	}
1159 
1160 	if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)) {
1161 		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
1162 		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1) {
1163 			debug("%s: activate interface %s: %s", __func__,
1164 			    ifr.ifr_name, strerror(errno));
1165 			goto failed;
1166 		}
1167 	}
1168 
1169 	if (ifname != NULL)
1170 		*ifname = xstrdup(ifr.ifr_name);
1171 
1172 	close(sock);
1173 	return fd;
1174 
1175  failed:
1176 	if (fd >= 0)
1177 		close(fd);
1178 	if (sock >= 0)
1179 		close(sock);
1180 	debug("%s: failed to set %s mode %d: %s", __func__, ifr.ifr_name,
1181 	    mode, strerror(errno));
1182 	return -1;
1183 }
1184 
1185 void
1186 sanitise_stdfd(void)
1187 {
1188 	int nullfd, dupfd;
1189 
1190 	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
1191 		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
1192 		    strerror(errno));
1193 		exit(1);
1194 	}
1195 	while (++dupfd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
1196 		/* Only populate closed fds. */
1197 		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL) == -1 && errno == EBADF) {
1198 			if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
1199 				fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1200 				exit(1);
1201 			}
1202 		}
1203 	}
1204 	if (nullfd > STDERR_FILENO)
1205 		close(nullfd);
1206 }
1207 
1208 char *
1209 tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
1210 {
1211 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1212 	char b[3], *r;
1213 	size_t i, hl;
1214 
1215 	if (l > 65536)
1216 		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
1217 
1218 	hl = l * 2 + 1;
1219 	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
1220 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1221 		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
1222 		strlcat(r, b, hl);
1223 	}
1224 	return (r);
1225 }
1226 
1227 u_int64_t
1228 get_u64(const void *vp)
1229 {
1230 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1231 	u_int64_t v;
1232 
1233 	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
1234 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
1235 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
1236 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
1237 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
1238 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
1239 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
1240 	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
1241 
1242 	return (v);
1243 }
1244 
1245 u_int32_t
1246 get_u32(const void *vp)
1247 {
1248 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1249 	u_int32_t v;
1250 
1251 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
1252 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
1253 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
1254 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
1255 
1256 	return (v);
1257 }
1258 
1259 u_int32_t
1260 get_u32_le(const void *vp)
1261 {
1262 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1263 	u_int32_t v;
1264 
1265 	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0];
1266 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 8;
1267 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 16;
1268 	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3] << 24;
1269 
1270 	return (v);
1271 }
1272 
1273 u_int16_t
1274 get_u16(const void *vp)
1275 {
1276 	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
1277 	u_int16_t v;
1278 
1279 	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
1280 	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
1281 
1282 	return (v);
1283 }
1284 
1285 void
1286 put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
1287 {
1288 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1289 
1290 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
1291 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
1292 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
1293 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
1294 	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1295 	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1296 	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1297 	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1298 }
1299 
1300 void
1301 put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1302 {
1303 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1304 
1305 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1306 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1307 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1308 	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1309 }
1310 
1311 void
1312 put_u32_le(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
1313 {
1314 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1315 
1316 	p[0] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1317 	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1318 	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
1319 	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
1320 }
1321 
1322 void
1323 put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
1324 {
1325 	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
1326 
1327 	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
1328 	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
1329 }
1330 
1331 void
1332 ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
1333 {
1334 	struct timeval diff, finish;
1335 
1336 	monotime_tv(&finish);
1337 	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
1338 	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
1339 }
1340 
1341 void
1342 ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
1343 {
1344 	if (ms < 0)
1345 		ms = 0;
1346 	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
1347 	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
1348 }
1349 
1350 void
1351 monotime_ts(struct timespec *ts)
1352 {
1353 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts) != 0)
1354 		fatal("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
1355 }
1356 
1357 void
1358 monotime_tv(struct timeval *tv)
1359 {
1360 	struct timespec ts;
1361 
1362 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1363 	tv->tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1364 	tv->tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
1365 }
1366 
1367 time_t
1368 monotime(void)
1369 {
1370 	struct timespec ts;
1371 
1372 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1373 	return (ts.tv_sec);
1374 }
1375 
1376 double
1377 monotime_double(void)
1378 {
1379 	struct timespec ts;
1380 
1381 	monotime_ts(&ts);
1382 	return (double)ts.tv_sec + (double)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000.0;
1383 }
1384 
1385 void
1386 bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
1387 {
1388 	bw->buflen = buflen;
1389 	bw->rate = kbps;
1390 	bw->thresh = buflen;
1391 	bw->lamt = 0;
1392 	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
1393 	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
1394 }
1395 
1396 /* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
1397 void
1398 bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
1399 {
1400 	u_int64_t waitlen;
1401 	struct timespec ts, rm;
1402 
1403 	bw->lamt += read_len;
1404 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
1405 		monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1406 		return;
1407 	}
1408 	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
1409 		return;
1410 
1411 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwend);
1412 	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
1413 	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
1414 		return;
1415 
1416 	bw->lamt *= 8;
1417 	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
1418 
1419 	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
1420 	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
1421 
1422 	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
1423 		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
1424 
1425 		/* Adjust the wait time */
1426 		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
1427 			bw->thresh /= 2;
1428 			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
1429 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
1430 		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
1431 			bw->thresh *= 2;
1432 			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
1433 				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
1434 		}
1435 
1436 		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
1437 		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
1438 			if (errno != EINTR)
1439 				break;
1440 			ts = rm;
1441 		}
1442 	}
1443 
1444 	bw->lamt = 0;
1445 	monotime_tv(&bw->bwstart);
1446 }
1447 
1448 /* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
1449 void
1450 mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
1451 {
1452 	const char *tmpdir;
1453 	int r;
1454 
1455 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
1456 		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
1457 		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
1458 			return;
1459 	}
1460 	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
1461 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
1462 		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
1463 }
1464 
1465 static const struct {
1466 	const char *name;
1467 	int value;
1468 } ipqos[] = {
1469 	{ "none", INT_MAX },		/* can't use 0 here; that's CS0 */
1470 	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1471 	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1472 	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1473 	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1474 	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1475 	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1476 	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1477 	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1478 	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1479 	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1480 	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1481 	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1482 	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1483 	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1484 	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1485 	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1486 	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1487 	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1488 	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1489 	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1490 	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1491 	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1492 	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1493 	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1494 	{ NULL, -1 }
1495 };
1496 
1497 int
1498 parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
1499 {
1500 	u_int i;
1501 	char *ep;
1502 	long val;
1503 
1504 	if (cp == NULL)
1505 		return -1;
1506 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1507 		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1508 			return ipqos[i].value;
1509 	}
1510 	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1511 	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1512 	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1513 		return -1;
1514 	return val;
1515 }
1516 
1517 const char *
1518 iptos2str(int iptos)
1519 {
1520 	int i;
1521 	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1522 
1523 	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1524 		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1525 			return ipqos[i].name;
1526 	}
1527 	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1528 	return iptos_str;
1529 }
1530 
1531 void
1532 lowercase(char *s)
1533 {
1534 	for (; *s; s++)
1535 		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1536 }
1537 
1538 int
1539 unix_listener(const char *path, int backlog, int unlink_first)
1540 {
1541 	struct sockaddr_un sunaddr;
1542 	int saved_errno, sock;
1543 
1544 	memset(&sunaddr, 0, sizeof(sunaddr));
1545 	sunaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
1546 	if (strlcpy(sunaddr.sun_path, path,
1547 	    sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) >= sizeof(sunaddr.sun_path)) {
1548 		error("%s: path \"%s\" too long for Unix domain socket",
1549 		    __func__, path);
1550 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
1551 		return -1;
1552 	}
1553 
1554 	sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1555 	if (sock == -1) {
1556 		saved_errno = errno;
1557 		error("%s: socket: %.100s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1558 		errno = saved_errno;
1559 		return -1;
1560 	}
1561 	if (unlink_first == 1) {
1562 		if (unlink(path) != 0 && errno != ENOENT)
1563 			error("unlink(%s): %.100s", path, strerror(errno));
1564 	}
1565 	if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sunaddr, sizeof(sunaddr)) == -1) {
1566 		saved_errno = errno;
1567 		error("%s: cannot bind to path %s: %s",
1568 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1569 		close(sock);
1570 		errno = saved_errno;
1571 		return -1;
1572 	}
1573 	if (listen(sock, backlog) == -1) {
1574 		saved_errno = errno;
1575 		error("%s: cannot listen on path %s: %s",
1576 		    __func__, path, strerror(errno));
1577 		close(sock);
1578 		unlink(path);
1579 		errno = saved_errno;
1580 		return -1;
1581 	}
1582 	return sock;
1583 }
1584 
1585 /*
1586  * Compares two strings that maybe be NULL. Returns non-zero if strings
1587  * are both NULL or are identical, returns zero otherwise.
1588  */
1589 static int
1590 strcmp_maybe_null(const char *a, const char *b)
1591 {
1592 	if ((a == NULL && b != NULL) || (a != NULL && b == NULL))
1593 		return 0;
1594 	if (a != NULL && strcmp(a, b) != 0)
1595 		return 0;
1596 	return 1;
1597 }
1598 
1599 /*
1600  * Compare two forwards, returning non-zero if they are identical or
1601  * zero otherwise.
1602  */
1603 int
1604 forward_equals(const struct Forward *a, const struct Forward *b)
1605 {
1606 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_host, b->listen_host) == 0)
1607 		return 0;
1608 	if (a->listen_port != b->listen_port)
1609 		return 0;
1610 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->listen_path, b->listen_path) == 0)
1611 		return 0;
1612 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_host, b->connect_host) == 0)
1613 		return 0;
1614 	if (a->connect_port != b->connect_port)
1615 		return 0;
1616 	if (strcmp_maybe_null(a->connect_path, b->connect_path) == 0)
1617 		return 0;
1618 	/* allocated_port and handle are not checked */
1619 	return 1;
1620 }
1621 
1622 /* returns 1 if process is already daemonized, 0 otherwise */
1623 int
1624 daemonized(void)
1625 {
1626 	int fd;
1627 
1628 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY)) >= 0) {
1629 		close(fd);
1630 		return 0;	/* have controlling terminal */
1631 	}
1632 	if (getppid() != 1)
1633 		return 0;	/* parent is not init */
1634 	if (getsid(0) != getpid())
1635 		return 0;	/* not session leader */
1636 	debug3("already daemonized");
1637 	return 1;
1638 }
1639 
1640 
1641 /*
1642  * Splits 's' into an argument vector. Handles quoted string and basic
1643  * escape characters (\\, \", \'). Caller must free the argument vector
1644  * and its members.
1645  */
1646 int
1647 argv_split(const char *s, int *argcp, char ***argvp)
1648 {
1649 	int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
1650 	int argc = 0, quote, i, j;
1651 	char *arg, **argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*argv));
1652 
1653 	*argvp = NULL;
1654 	*argcp = 0;
1655 
1656 	for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1657 		/* Skip leading whitespace */
1658 		if (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t')
1659 			continue;
1660 
1661 		/* Start of a token */
1662 		quote = 0;
1663 		if (s[i] == '\\' &&
1664 		    (s[i + 1] == '\'' || s[i + 1] == '\"' || s[i + 1] == '\\'))
1665 			i++;
1666 		else if (s[i] == '\'' || s[i] == '"')
1667 			quote = s[i++];
1668 
1669 		argv = xreallocarray(argv, (argc + 2), sizeof(*argv));
1670 		arg = argv[argc++] = xcalloc(1, strlen(s + i) + 1);
1671 		argv[argc] = NULL;
1672 
1673 		/* Copy the token in, removing escapes */
1674 		for (j = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1675 			if (s[i] == '\\') {
1676 				if (s[i + 1] == '\'' ||
1677 				    s[i + 1] == '\"' ||
1678 				    s[i + 1] == '\\') {
1679 					i++; /* Skip '\' */
1680 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1681 				} else {
1682 					/* Unrecognised escape */
1683 					arg[j++] = s[i];
1684 				}
1685 			} else if (quote == 0 && (s[i] == ' ' || s[i] == '\t'))
1686 				break; /* done */
1687 			else if (quote != 0 && s[i] == quote)
1688 				break; /* done */
1689 			else
1690 				arg[j++] = s[i];
1691 		}
1692 		if (s[i] == '\0') {
1693 			if (quote != 0) {
1694 				/* Ran out of string looking for close quote */
1695 				r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
1696 				goto out;
1697 			}
1698 			break;
1699 		}
1700 	}
1701 	/* Success */
1702 	*argcp = argc;
1703 	*argvp = argv;
1704 	argc = 0;
1705 	argv = NULL;
1706 	r = 0;
1707  out:
1708 	if (argc != 0 && argv != NULL) {
1709 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
1710 			free(argv[i]);
1711 		free(argv);
1712 	}
1713 	return r;
1714 }
1715 
1716 /*
1717  * Reassemble an argument vector into a string, quoting and escaping as
1718  * necessary. Caller must free returned string.
1719  */
1720 char *
1721 argv_assemble(int argc, char **argv)
1722 {
1723 	int i, j, ws, r;
1724 	char c, *ret;
1725 	struct sshbuf *buf, *arg;
1726 
1727 	if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL || (arg = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1728 		fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1729 
1730 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1731 		ws = 0;
1732 		sshbuf_reset(arg);
1733 		for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
1734 			r = 0;
1735 			c = argv[i][j];
1736 			switch (c) {
1737 			case ' ':
1738 			case '\t':
1739 				ws = 1;
1740 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1741 				break;
1742 			case '\\':
1743 			case '\'':
1744 			case '"':
1745 				if ((r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, '\\')) != 0)
1746 					break;
1747 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
1748 			default:
1749 				r = sshbuf_put_u8(arg, c);
1750 				break;
1751 			}
1752 			if (r != 0)
1753 				fatal("%s: sshbuf_put_u8: %s",
1754 				    __func__, ssh_err(r));
1755 		}
1756 		if ((i != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, ' ')) != 0) ||
1757 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0) ||
1758 		    (r = sshbuf_putb(buf, arg)) != 0 ||
1759 		    (ws != 0 && (r = sshbuf_put_u8(buf, '"')) != 0))
1760 			fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1761 	}
1762 	if ((ret = malloc(sshbuf_len(buf) + 1)) == NULL)
1763 		fatal("%s: malloc failed", __func__);
1764 	memcpy(ret, sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
1765 	ret[sshbuf_len(buf)] = '\0';
1766 	sshbuf_free(buf);
1767 	sshbuf_free(arg);
1768 	return ret;
1769 }
1770 
1771 /* Returns 0 if pid exited cleanly, non-zero otherwise */
1772 int
1773 exited_cleanly(pid_t pid, const char *tag, const char *cmd, int quiet)
1774 {
1775 	int status;
1776 
1777 	while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1778 		if (errno != EINTR) {
1779 			error("%s: waitpid: %s", tag, strerror(errno));
1780 			return -1;
1781 		}
1782 	}
1783 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
1784 		error("%s %s exited on signal %d", tag, cmd, WTERMSIG(status));
1785 		return -1;
1786 	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
1787 		do_log2(quiet ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 : SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
1788 		    "%s %s failed, status %d", tag, cmd, WEXITSTATUS(status));
1789 		return -1;
1790 	}
1791 	return 0;
1792 }
1793 
1794 /*
1795  * Check a given path for security. This is defined as all components
1796  * of the path to the file must be owned by either the owner of
1797  * of the file or root and no directories must be group or world writable.
1798  *
1799  * XXX Should any specific check be done for sym links ?
1800  *
1801  * Takes a file name, its stat information (preferably from fstat() to
1802  * avoid races), the uid of the expected owner, their home directory and an
1803  * error buffer plus max size as arguments.
1804  *
1805  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1806  */
1807 int
1808 safe_path(const char *name, struct stat *stp, const char *pw_dir,
1809     uid_t uid, char *err, size_t errlen)
1810 {
1811 	char buf[PATH_MAX], homedir[PATH_MAX];
1812 	char *cp;
1813 	int comparehome = 0;
1814 	struct stat st;
1815 
1816 	if (realpath(name, buf) == NULL) {
1817 		snprintf(err, errlen, "realpath %s failed: %s", name,
1818 		    strerror(errno));
1819 		return -1;
1820 	}
1821 	if (pw_dir != NULL && realpath(pw_dir, homedir) != NULL)
1822 		comparehome = 1;
1823 
1824 	if (!S_ISREG(stp->st_mode)) {
1825 		snprintf(err, errlen, "%s is not a regular file", buf);
1826 		return -1;
1827 	}
1828 	if ((stp->st_uid != 0 && stp->st_uid != uid) ||
1829 	    (stp->st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1830 		snprintf(err, errlen, "bad ownership or modes for file %s",
1831 		    buf);
1832 		return -1;
1833 	}
1834 
1835 	/* for each component of the canonical path, walking upwards */
1836 	for (;;) {
1837 		if ((cp = dirname(buf)) == NULL) {
1838 			snprintf(err, errlen, "dirname() failed");
1839 			return -1;
1840 		}
1841 		strlcpy(buf, cp, sizeof(buf));
1842 
1843 		if (stat(buf, &st) == -1 ||
1844 		    (st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != uid) ||
1845 		    (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
1846 			snprintf(err, errlen,
1847 			    "bad ownership or modes for directory %s", buf);
1848 			return -1;
1849 		}
1850 
1851 		/* If are past the homedir then we can stop */
1852 		if (comparehome && strcmp(homedir, buf) == 0)
1853 			break;
1854 
1855 		/*
1856 		 * dirname should always complete with a "/" path,
1857 		 * but we can be paranoid and check for "." too
1858 		 */
1859 		if ((strcmp("/", buf) == 0) || (strcmp(".", buf) == 0))
1860 			break;
1861 	}
1862 	return 0;
1863 }
1864 
1865 /*
1866  * Version of safe_path() that accepts an open file descriptor to
1867  * avoid races.
1868  *
1869  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
1870  */
1871 int
1872 safe_path_fd(int fd, const char *file, struct passwd *pw,
1873     char *err, size_t errlen)
1874 {
1875 	struct stat st;
1876 
1877 	/* check the open file to avoid races */
1878 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
1879 		snprintf(err, errlen, "cannot stat file %s: %s",
1880 		    file, strerror(errno));
1881 		return -1;
1882 	}
1883 	return safe_path(file, &st, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_uid, err, errlen);
1884 }
1885 
1886 /*
1887  * Sets the value of the given variable in the environment.  If the variable
1888  * already exists, its value is overridden.
1889  */
1890 void
1891 child_set_env(char ***envp, u_int *envsizep, const char *name,
1892 	const char *value)
1893 {
1894 	char **env;
1895 	u_int envsize;
1896 	u_int i, namelen;
1897 
1898 	if (strchr(name, '=') != NULL) {
1899 		error("Invalid environment variable \"%.100s\"", name);
1900 		return;
1901 	}
1902 
1903 	/*
1904 	 * Find the slot where the value should be stored.  If the variable
1905 	 * already exists, we reuse the slot; otherwise we append a new slot
1906 	 * at the end of the array, expanding if necessary.
1907 	 */
1908 	env = *envp;
1909 	namelen = strlen(name);
1910 	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
1911 		if (strncmp(env[i], name, namelen) == 0 && env[i][namelen] == '=')
1912 			break;
1913 	if (env[i]) {
1914 		/* Reuse the slot. */
1915 		free(env[i]);
1916 	} else {
1917 		/* New variable.  Expand if necessary. */
1918 		envsize = *envsizep;
1919 		if (i >= envsize - 1) {
1920 			if (envsize >= 1000)
1921 				fatal("child_set_env: too many env vars");
1922 			envsize += 50;
1923 			env = (*envp) = xreallocarray(env, envsize, sizeof(char *));
1924 			*envsizep = envsize;
1925 		}
1926 		/* Need to set the NULL pointer at end of array beyond the new slot. */
1927 		env[i + 1] = NULL;
1928 	}
1929 
1930 	/* Allocate space and format the variable in the appropriate slot. */
1931 	/* XXX xasprintf */
1932 	env[i] = xmalloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
1933 	snprintf(env[i], strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1, "%s=%s", name, value);
1934 }
1935 
1936 /*
1937  * Check and optionally lowercase a domain name, also removes trailing '.'
1938  * Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure, storing an error message in errstr.
1939  */
1940 int
1941 valid_domain(char *name, int makelower, const char **errstr)
1942 {
1943 	size_t i, l = strlen(name);
1944 	u_char c, last = '\0';
1945 	static char errbuf[256];
1946 
1947 	if (l == 0) {
1948 		strlcpy(errbuf, "empty domain name", sizeof(errbuf));
1949 		goto bad;
1950 	}
1951 	if (!isalpha((u_char)name[0]) && !isdigit((u_char)name[0])) {
1952 		snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name \"%.100s\" "
1953 		    "starts with invalid character", name);
1954 		goto bad;
1955 	}
1956 	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
1957 		c = tolower((u_char)name[i]);
1958 		if (makelower)
1959 			name[i] = (char)c;
1960 		if (last == '.' && c == '.') {
1961 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1962 			    "\"%.100s\" contains consecutive separators", name);
1963 			goto bad;
1964 		}
1965 		if (c != '.' && c != '-' && !isalnum(c) &&
1966 		    c != '_') /* technically invalid, but common */ {
1967 			snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "domain name "
1968 			    "\"%.100s\" contains invalid characters", name);
1969 			goto bad;
1970 		}
1971 		last = c;
1972 	}
1973 	if (name[l - 1] == '.')
1974 		name[l - 1] = '\0';
1975 	if (errstr != NULL)
1976 		*errstr = NULL;
1977 	return 1;
1978 bad:
1979 	if (errstr != NULL)
1980 		*errstr = errbuf;
1981 	return 0;
1982 }
1983 
1984 /*
1985  * Verify that a environment variable name (not including initial '$') is
1986  * valid; consisting of one or more alphanumeric or underscore characters only.
1987  * Returns 1 on valid, 0 otherwise.
1988  */
1989 int
1990 valid_env_name(const char *name)
1991 {
1992 	const char *cp;
1993 
1994 	if (name[0] == '\0')
1995 		return 0;
1996 	for (cp = name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1997 		if (!isalnum((u_char)*cp) && *cp != '_')
1998 			return 0;
1999 	}
2000 	return 1;
2001 }
2002 
2003 const char *
2004 atoi_err(const char *nptr, int *val)
2005 {
2006 	const char *errstr = NULL;
2007 	long long num;
2008 
2009 	if (nptr == NULL || *nptr == '\0')
2010 		return "missing";
2011 	num = strtonum(nptr, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2012 	if (errstr == NULL)
2013 		*val = (int)num;
2014 	return errstr;
2015 }
2016 
2017 int
2018 parse_absolute_time(const char *s, uint64_t *tp)
2019 {
2020 	struct tm tm;
2021 	time_t tt;
2022 	char buf[32];
2023 	const char *fmt;
2024 
2025 	*tp = 0;
2026 
2027 	/*
2028 	 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
2029 	 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
2030 	 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
2031 	 */
2032 	switch (strlen(s)) {
2033 	case 8: /* YYYYMMDD */
2034 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
2035 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
2036 		break;
2037 	case 12: /* YYYYMMDDHHMM */
2038 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M";
2039 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s",
2040 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10);
2041 		break;
2042 	case 14: /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS */
2043 		fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
2044 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
2045 		    s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
2046 		break;
2047 	default:
2048 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2049 	}
2050 
2051 	memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
2052 	if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
2053 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2054 	if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
2055 		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
2056 	/* success */
2057 	*tp = (uint64_t)tt;
2058 	return 0;
2059 }
2060 
2061 void
2062 format_absolute_time(uint64_t t, char *buf, size_t len)
2063 {
2064 	time_t tt = t > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : t; /* XXX revisit in 2038 :P */
2065 	struct tm tm;
2066 
2067 	localtime_r(&tt, &tm);
2068 	strftime(buf, len, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", &tm);
2069 }
2070 
2071 /* check if path is absolute */
2072 int
2073 path_absolute(const char *path)
2074 {
2075 	return (*path == '/') ? 1 : 0;
2076 }
2077 
2078 void
2079 skip_space(char **cpp)
2080 {
2081 	char *cp;
2082 
2083 	for (cp = *cpp; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
2084 		;
2085 	*cpp = cp;
2086 }
2087 
2088 /* authorized_key-style options parsing helpers */
2089 
2090 /*
2091  * Match flag 'opt' in *optsp, and if allow_negate is set then also match
2092  * 'no-opt'. Returns -1 if option not matched, 1 if option matches or 0
2093  * if negated option matches.
2094  * If the option or negated option matches, then *optsp is updated to
2095  * point to the first character after the option.
2096  */
2097 int
2098 opt_flag(const char *opt, int allow_negate, const char **optsp)
2099 {
2100 	size_t opt_len = strlen(opt);
2101 	const char *opts = *optsp;
2102 	int negate = 0;
2103 
2104 	if (allow_negate && strncasecmp(opts, "no-", 3) == 0) {
2105 		opts += 3;
2106 		negate = 1;
2107 	}
2108 	if (strncasecmp(opts, opt, opt_len) == 0) {
2109 		*optsp = opts + opt_len;
2110 		return negate ? 0 : 1;
2111 	}
2112 	return -1;
2113 }
2114 
2115 char *
2116 opt_dequote(const char **sp, const char **errstrp)
2117 {
2118 	const char *s = *sp;
2119 	char *ret;
2120 	size_t i;
2121 
2122 	*errstrp = NULL;
2123 	if (*s != '"') {
2124 		*errstrp = "missing start quote";
2125 		return NULL;
2126 	}
2127 	s++;
2128 	if ((ret = malloc(strlen((s)) + 1)) == NULL) {
2129 		*errstrp = "memory allocation failed";
2130 		return NULL;
2131 	}
2132 	for (i = 0; *s != '\0' && *s != '"';) {
2133 		if (s[0] == '\\' && s[1] == '"')
2134 			s++;
2135 		ret[i++] = *s++;
2136 	}
2137 	if (*s == '\0') {
2138 		*errstrp = "missing end quote";
2139 		free(ret);
2140 		return NULL;
2141 	}
2142 	ret[i] = '\0';
2143 	s++;
2144 	*sp = s;
2145 	return ret;
2146 }
2147 
2148 int
2149 opt_match(const char **opts, const char *term)
2150 {
2151 	if (strncasecmp((*opts), term, strlen(term)) == 0 &&
2152 	    (*opts)[strlen(term)] == '=') {
2153 		*opts += strlen(term) + 1;
2154 		return 1;
2155 	}
2156 	return 0;
2157 }
2158 
2159