xref: /netbsd-src/bin/sh/jobs.c (revision 274254cdae52594c1aa480a736aef78313d15c9c)
1 /*	$NetBSD: jobs.c,v 1.68 2008/12/21 17:16:11 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Kenneth Almquist.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)jobs.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/4/95";
39 #else
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: jobs.c,v 1.68 2008/12/21 17:16:11 christos Exp $");
41 #endif
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 
44 #include <fcntl.h>
45 #include <signal.h>
46 #include <errno.h>
47 #include <unistd.h>
48 #include <stdlib.h>
49 #include <paths.h>
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 #include <sys/param.h>
52 #ifdef BSD
53 #include <sys/wait.h>
54 #include <sys/time.h>
55 #include <sys/resource.h>
56 #endif
57 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
58 
59 #include "shell.h"
60 #if JOBS
61 #if OLD_TTY_DRIVER
62 #include "sgtty.h"
63 #else
64 #include <termios.h>
65 #endif
66 #undef CEOF			/* syntax.h redefines this */
67 #endif
68 #include "redir.h"
69 #include "show.h"
70 #include "main.h"
71 #include "parser.h"
72 #include "nodes.h"
73 #include "jobs.h"
74 #include "options.h"
75 #include "trap.h"
76 #include "syntax.h"
77 #include "input.h"
78 #include "output.h"
79 #include "memalloc.h"
80 #include "error.h"
81 #include "mystring.h"
82 
83 
84 static struct job *jobtab;		/* array of jobs */
85 static int njobs;			/* size of array */
86 static int jobs_invalid;		/* set in child */
87 MKINIT pid_t backgndpid = -1;	/* pid of last background process */
88 #if JOBS
89 int initialpgrp;		/* pgrp of shell on invocation */
90 static int curjob = -1;		/* current job */
91 #endif
92 static int ttyfd = -1;
93 
94 STATIC void restartjob(struct job *);
95 STATIC void freejob(struct job *);
96 STATIC struct job *getjob(const char *, int);
97 STATIC int dowait(int, struct job *);
98 #define WBLOCK	1
99 #define WNOFREE 2
100 STATIC int waitproc(int, struct job *, int *);
101 STATIC void cmdtxt(union node *);
102 STATIC void cmdlist(union node *, int);
103 STATIC void cmdputs(const char *);
104 
105 #ifdef SYSV
106 STATIC int onsigchild(void);
107 #endif
108 
109 #ifdef OLD_TTY_DRIVER
110 static pid_t tcgetpgrp(int fd);
111 static int tcsetpgrp(int fd, pid_t pgrp);
112 
113 static pid_t
114 tcgetpgrp(int fd)
115 {
116 	pid_t pgrp;
117 	if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGPGRP, (char *)&pgrp) == -1)
118 		return -1;
119 	else
120 		return pgrp;
121 }
122 
123 static int
124 tcsetpgrp(int fd, pid_tpgrp)
125 {
126 	return ioctl(fd, TIOCSPGRP, (char *)&pgrp);
127 }
128 #endif
129 
130 /*
131  * Turn job control on and off.
132  *
133  * Note:  This code assumes that the third arg to ioctl is a character
134  * pointer, which is true on Berkeley systems but not System V.  Since
135  * System V doesn't have job control yet, this isn't a problem now.
136  */
137 
138 MKINIT int jobctl;
139 
140 void
141 setjobctl(int on)
142 {
143 #ifdef OLD_TTY_DRIVER
144 	int ldisc;
145 #endif
146 
147 	if (on == jobctl || rootshell == 0)
148 		return;
149 	if (on) {
150 #if defined(FIOCLEX) || defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
151 		int err;
152 		int i;
153 		if (ttyfd != -1)
154 			close(ttyfd);
155 		if ((ttyfd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR)) == -1) {
156 			for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
157 				if (isatty(i) && (ttyfd = dup(i)) != -1)
158 					break;
159 			}
160 			if (i == 3)
161 				goto out;
162 		}
163 		/* Move to a high fd */
164 		for (i = 10; i > 2; i--) {
165 			if ((err = fcntl(ttyfd, F_DUPFD, (1 << i) - 1)) != -1)
166 				break;
167 		}
168 		if (err != -1) {
169 			close(ttyfd);
170 			ttyfd = err;
171 		}
172 #ifdef FIOCLEX
173 		err = ioctl(ttyfd, FIOCLEX, 0);
174 #elif FD_CLOEXEC
175 		err = fcntl(ttyfd, F_SETFD,
176 		    fcntl(ttyfd, F_GETFD, 0) | FD_CLOEXEC);
177 #endif
178 		if (err == -1) {
179 			close(ttyfd);
180 			ttyfd = -1;
181 			goto out;
182 		}
183 #else
184 		out2str("sh: Need FIOCLEX or FD_CLOEXEC to support job control");
185 		goto out;
186 #endif
187 		do { /* while we are in the background */
188 			if ((initialpgrp = tcgetpgrp(ttyfd)) < 0) {
189 out:
190 				out2str("sh: can't access tty; job control turned off\n");
191 				mflag = 0;
192 				return;
193 			}
194 			if (initialpgrp == -1)
195 				initialpgrp = getpgrp();
196 			else if (initialpgrp != getpgrp()) {
197 				killpg(0, SIGTTIN);
198 				continue;
199 			}
200 		} while (0);
201 
202 #ifdef OLD_TTY_DRIVER
203 		if (ioctl(ttyfd, TIOCGETD, (char *)&ldisc) < 0
204 		    || ldisc != NTTYDISC) {
205 			out2str("sh: need new tty driver to run job control; job control turned off\n");
206 			mflag = 0;
207 			return;
208 		}
209 #endif
210 		setsignal(SIGTSTP, 0);
211 		setsignal(SIGTTOU, 0);
212 		setsignal(SIGTTIN, 0);
213 		if (getpgrp() != rootpid && setpgid(0, rootpid) == -1)
214 			error("Cannot set process group (%s) at %d",
215 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
216 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, rootpid) == -1)
217 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
218 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
219 	} else { /* turning job control off */
220 		if (getpgrp() != initialpgrp && setpgid(0, initialpgrp) == -1)
221 			error("Cannot set process group (%s) at %d",
222 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
223 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, initialpgrp) == -1)
224 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
225 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
226 		close(ttyfd);
227 		ttyfd = -1;
228 		setsignal(SIGTSTP, 0);
229 		setsignal(SIGTTOU, 0);
230 		setsignal(SIGTTIN, 0);
231 	}
232 	jobctl = on;
233 }
234 
235 
236 #ifdef mkinit
237 INCLUDE <stdlib.h>
238 
239 SHELLPROC {
240 	backgndpid = -1;
241 #if JOBS
242 	jobctl = 0;
243 #endif
244 }
245 
246 #endif
247 
248 
249 
250 #if JOBS
251 int
252 fgcmd(int argc, char **argv)
253 {
254 	struct job *jp;
255 	int i;
256 	int status;
257 
258 	nextopt("");
259 	jp = getjob(*argptr, 0);
260 	if (jp->jobctl == 0)
261 		error("job not created under job control");
262 	out1fmt("%s", jp->ps[0].cmd);
263 	for (i = 1; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
264 		out1fmt(" | %s", jp->ps[i].cmd );
265 	out1c('\n');
266 	flushall();
267 
268 	for (i = 0; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
269 	    if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, jp->ps[i].pid) != -1)
270 		    break;
271 
272 	if (i >= jp->nprocs) {
273 		error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
274 		    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
275 	}
276 	restartjob(jp);
277 	INTOFF;
278 	status = waitforjob(jp);
279 	INTON;
280 	return status;
281 }
282 
283 static void
284 set_curjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
285 {
286 	struct job *jp1, *jp2;
287 	int i, ji;
288 
289 	ji = jp - jobtab;
290 
291 	/* first remove from list */
292 	if (ji == curjob)
293 		curjob = jp->prev_job;
294 	else {
295 		for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++) {
296 			if (jobtab[i].prev_job != ji)
297 				continue;
298 			jobtab[i].prev_job = jp->prev_job;
299 			break;
300 		}
301 	}
302 
303 	/* Then re-insert in correct position */
304 	switch (mode) {
305 	case 0:	/* job being deleted */
306 		jp->prev_job = -1;
307 		break;
308 	case 1:	/* newly created job or backgrounded job,
309 		   put after all stopped jobs. */
310 		if (curjob != -1 && jobtab[curjob].state == JOBSTOPPED) {
311 			for (jp1 = jobtab + curjob; ; jp1 = jp2) {
312 				if (jp1->prev_job == -1)
313 					break;
314 				jp2 = jobtab + jp1->prev_job;
315 				if (jp2->state != JOBSTOPPED)
316 					break;
317 			}
318 			jp->prev_job = jp1->prev_job;
319 			jp1->prev_job = ji;
320 			break;
321 		}
322 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
323 	case 2:	/* newly stopped job - becomes curjob */
324 		jp->prev_job = curjob;
325 		curjob = ji;
326 		break;
327 	}
328 }
329 
330 int
331 bgcmd(int argc, char **argv)
332 {
333 	struct job *jp;
334 	int i;
335 
336 	nextopt("");
337 	do {
338 		jp = getjob(*argptr, 0);
339 		if (jp->jobctl == 0)
340 			error("job not created under job control");
341 		set_curjob(jp, 1);
342 		out1fmt("[%ld] %s", (long)(jp - jobtab + 1), jp->ps[0].cmd);
343 		for (i = 1; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
344 			out1fmt(" | %s", jp->ps[i].cmd );
345 		out1c('\n');
346 		flushall();
347 		restartjob(jp);
348 	} while (*argptr && *++argptr);
349 	return 0;
350 }
351 
352 
353 STATIC void
354 restartjob(struct job *jp)
355 {
356 	struct procstat *ps;
357 	int i;
358 
359 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
360 		return;
361 	INTOFF;
362 	for (i = 0; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
363 		if (killpg(jp->ps[i].pid, SIGCONT) != -1)
364 			break;
365 	if (i >= jp->nprocs)
366 		error("Cannot continue job (%s)", strerror(errno));
367 	for (ps = jp->ps, i = jp->nprocs ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
368 		if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status)) {
369 			ps->status = -1;
370 			jp->state = JOBRUNNING;
371 		}
372 	}
373 	INTON;
374 }
375 #endif
376 
377 static void
378 showjob(struct output *out, struct job *jp, int mode)
379 {
380 	int procno;
381 	int st;
382 	struct procstat *ps;
383 	int col;
384 	char s[64];
385 
386 #if JOBS
387 	if (mode & SHOW_PGID) {
388 		/* just output process (group) id of pipeline */
389 		outfmt(out, "%ld\n", (long)jp->ps->pid);
390 		return;
391 	}
392 #endif
393 
394 	procno = jp->nprocs;
395 	if (!procno)
396 		return;
397 
398 	if (mode & SHOW_PID)
399 		mode |= SHOW_MULTILINE;
400 
401 	if ((procno > 1 && !(mode & SHOW_MULTILINE))
402 	    || (mode & SHOW_SIGNALLED)) {
403 		/* See if we have more than one status to report */
404 		ps = jp->ps;
405 		st = ps->status;
406 		do {
407 			int st1 = ps->status;
408 			if (st1 != st)
409 				/* yes - need multi-line output */
410 				mode |= SHOW_MULTILINE;
411 			if (st1 == -1 || !(mode & SHOW_SIGNALLED) || WIFEXITED(st1))
412 				continue;
413 			if (WIFSTOPPED(st1) || ((st1 = WTERMSIG(st1) & 0x7f)
414 			    && st1 != SIGINT && st1 != SIGPIPE))
415 				mode |= SHOW_ISSIG;
416 
417 		} while (ps++, --procno);
418 		procno = jp->nprocs;
419 	}
420 
421 	if (mode & SHOW_SIGNALLED && !(mode & SHOW_ISSIG)) {
422 		if (jp->state == JOBDONE && !(mode & SHOW_NO_FREE)) {
423 			TRACE(("showjob: freeing job %d\n", jp - jobtab + 1));
424 			freejob(jp);
425 		}
426 		return;
427 	}
428 
429 	for (ps = jp->ps; --procno >= 0; ps++) {	/* for each process */
430 		if (ps == jp->ps)
431 			fmtstr(s, 16, "[%ld] %c ",
432 				(long)(jp - jobtab + 1),
433 #if JOBS
434 				jp == jobtab + curjob ? '+' :
435 				curjob != -1 && jp == jobtab +
436 					    jobtab[curjob].prev_job ? '-' :
437 #endif
438 				' ');
439 		else
440 			fmtstr(s, 16, "      " );
441 		col = strlen(s);
442 		if (mode & SHOW_PID) {
443 			fmtstr(s + col, 16, "%ld ", (long)ps->pid);
444 			     col += strlen(s + col);
445 		}
446 		if (ps->status == -1) {
447 			scopy("Running", s + col);
448 		} else if (WIFEXITED(ps->status)) {
449 			st = WEXITSTATUS(ps->status);
450 			if (st)
451 				fmtstr(s + col, 16, "Done(%d)", st);
452 			else
453 				fmtstr(s + col, 16, "Done");
454 		} else {
455 #if JOBS
456 			if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status))
457 				st = WSTOPSIG(ps->status);
458 			else /* WIFSIGNALED(ps->status) */
459 #endif
460 				st = WTERMSIG(ps->status);
461 			st &= 0x7f;
462 			if (st < NSIG && sys_siglist[st])
463 				scopyn(sys_siglist[st], s + col, 32);
464 			else
465 				fmtstr(s + col, 16, "Signal %d", st);
466 			if (WCOREDUMP(ps->status)) {
467 				col += strlen(s + col);
468 				scopyn(" (core dumped)", s + col,  64 - col);
469 			}
470 		}
471 		col += strlen(s + col);
472 		outstr(s, out);
473 		do {
474 			outc(' ', out);
475 			col++;
476 		} while (col < 30);
477 		outstr(ps->cmd, out);
478 		if (mode & SHOW_MULTILINE) {
479 			if (procno > 0) {
480 				outc(' ', out);
481 				outc('|', out);
482 			}
483 		} else {
484 			while (--procno >= 0)
485 				outfmt(out, " | %s", (++ps)->cmd );
486 		}
487 		outc('\n', out);
488 	}
489 	flushout(out);
490 	jp->changed = 0;
491 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE && !(mode & SHOW_NO_FREE))
492 		freejob(jp);
493 }
494 
495 
496 int
497 jobscmd(int argc, char **argv)
498 {
499 	int mode, m;
500 	int sv = jobs_invalid;
501 
502 	jobs_invalid = 0;
503 	mode = 0;
504 	while ((m = nextopt("lp")))
505 		if (m == 'l')
506 			mode = SHOW_PID;
507 		else
508 			mode = SHOW_PGID;
509 	if (*argptr)
510 		do
511 			showjob(out1, getjob(*argptr,0), mode);
512 		while (*++argptr);
513 	else
514 		showjobs(out1, mode);
515 	jobs_invalid = sv;
516 	return 0;
517 }
518 
519 
520 /*
521  * Print a list of jobs.  If "change" is nonzero, only print jobs whose
522  * statuses have changed since the last call to showjobs.
523  *
524  * If the shell is interrupted in the process of creating a job, the
525  * result may be a job structure containing zero processes.  Such structures
526  * will be freed here.
527  */
528 
529 void
530 showjobs(struct output *out, int mode)
531 {
532 	int jobno;
533 	struct job *jp;
534 	int silent = 0, gotpid;
535 
536 	TRACE(("showjobs(%x) called\n", mode));
537 
538 	/* If not even one one job changed, there is nothing to do */
539 	gotpid = dowait(0, NULL);
540 	while (dowait(0, NULL) > 0)
541 		continue;
542 #ifdef JOBS
543 	/*
544 	 * Check if we are not in our foreground group, and if not
545 	 * put us in it.
546 	 */
547 	if (mflag && gotpid != -1 && tcgetpgrp(ttyfd) != getpid()) {
548 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, getpid()) == -1)
549 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
550 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
551 		TRACE(("repaired tty process group\n"));
552 		silent = 1;
553 	}
554 #endif
555 	if (jobs_invalid)
556 		return;
557 
558 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab ; jobno <= njobs ; jobno++, jp++) {
559 		if (!jp->used)
560 			continue;
561 		if (jp->nprocs == 0) {
562 			freejob(jp);
563 			continue;
564 		}
565 		if ((mode & SHOW_CHANGED) && !jp->changed)
566 			continue;
567 		if (silent && jp->changed) {
568 			jp->changed = 0;
569 			continue;
570 		}
571 		showjob(out, jp, mode);
572 	}
573 }
574 
575 /*
576  * Mark a job structure as unused.
577  */
578 
579 STATIC void
580 freejob(struct job *jp)
581 {
582 	INTOFF;
583 	if (jp->ps != &jp->ps0) {
584 		ckfree(jp->ps);
585 		jp->ps = &jp->ps0;
586 	}
587 	jp->nprocs = 0;
588 	jp->used = 0;
589 #if JOBS
590 	set_curjob(jp, 0);
591 #endif
592 	INTON;
593 }
594 
595 
596 
597 int
598 waitcmd(int argc, char **argv)
599 {
600 	struct job *job;
601 	int status, retval;
602 	struct job *jp;
603 
604 	nextopt("");
605 
606 	if (!*argptr) {
607 		/* wait for all jobs */
608 		jp = jobtab;
609 		if (jobs_invalid)
610 			return 0;
611 		for (;;) {
612 			if (jp >= jobtab + njobs) {
613 				/* no running procs */
614 				return 0;
615 			}
616 			if (!jp->used || jp->state != JOBRUNNING) {
617 				jp++;
618 				continue;
619 			}
620 			if (dowait(WBLOCK, NULL) == -1)
621 			       return 128 + SIGINT;
622 			jp = jobtab;
623 		}
624 	}
625 
626 	retval = 127;		/* XXXGCC: -Wuninitialized */
627 	for (; *argptr; argptr++) {
628 		job = getjob(*argptr, 1);
629 		if (!job) {
630 			retval = 127;
631 			continue;
632 		}
633 		/* loop until process terminated or stopped */
634 		while (job->state == JOBRUNNING) {
635 			if (dowait(WBLOCK|WNOFREE, job) == -1)
636 			       return 128 + SIGINT;
637 		}
638 		status = job->ps[job->nprocs - 1].status;
639 		if (WIFEXITED(status))
640 			retval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
641 #if JOBS
642 		else if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
643 			retval = WSTOPSIG(status) + 128;
644 #endif
645 		else {
646 			/* XXX: limits number of signals */
647 			retval = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
648 		}
649 		if (!iflag)
650 			freejob(job);
651 	}
652 	return retval;
653 }
654 
655 
656 
657 int
658 jobidcmd(int argc, char **argv)
659 {
660 	struct job *jp;
661 	int i;
662 
663 	nextopt("");
664 	jp = getjob(*argptr, 0);
665 	for (i = 0 ; i < jp->nprocs ; ) {
666 		out1fmt("%ld", (long)jp->ps[i].pid);
667 		out1c(++i < jp->nprocs ? ' ' : '\n');
668 	}
669 	return 0;
670 }
671 
672 int
673 getjobpgrp(const char *name)
674 {
675 	struct job *jp;
676 
677 	jp = getjob(name, 1);
678 	if (jp == 0)
679 		return 0;
680 	return -jp->ps[0].pid;
681 }
682 
683 /*
684  * Convert a job name to a job structure.
685  */
686 
687 STATIC struct job *
688 getjob(const char *name, int noerror)
689 {
690 	int jobno = -1;
691 	struct job *jp;
692 	int pid;
693 	int i;
694 	const char *err_msg = "No such job: %s";
695 
696 	if (name == NULL) {
697 #if JOBS
698 		jobno = curjob;
699 #endif
700 		err_msg = "No current job";
701 	} else if (name[0] == '%') {
702 		if (is_number(name + 1)) {
703 			jobno = number(name + 1) - 1;
704 		} else if (!name[2]) {
705 			switch (name[1]) {
706 #if JOBS
707 			case 0:
708 			case '+':
709 			case '%':
710 				jobno = curjob;
711 				err_msg = "No current job";
712 				break;
713 			case '-':
714 				jobno = curjob;
715 				if (jobno != -1)
716 					jobno = jobtab[jobno].prev_job;
717 				err_msg = "No previous job";
718 				break;
719 #endif
720 			default:
721 				goto check_pattern;
722 			}
723 		} else {
724 			struct job *found;
725     check_pattern:
726 			found = NULL;
727 			for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
728 				if (!jp->used || jp->nprocs <= 0)
729 					continue;
730 				if ((name[1] == '?'
731 					&& strstr(jp->ps[0].cmd, name + 2))
732 				    || prefix(name + 1, jp->ps[0].cmd)) {
733 					if (found) {
734 						err_msg = "%s: ambiguous";
735 						found = 0;
736 						break;
737 					}
738 					found = jp;
739 				}
740 			}
741 			if (found)
742 				return found;
743 		}
744 
745 	} else if (is_number(name)) {
746 		pid = number(name);
747 		for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
748 			if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
749 			 && jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].pid == pid)
750 				return jp;
751 		}
752 	}
753 
754 	if (!jobs_invalid && jobno >= 0 && jobno < njobs) {
755 		jp = jobtab + jobno;
756 		if (jp->used)
757 			return jp;
758 	}
759 	if (!noerror)
760 		error(err_msg, name);
761 	return 0;
762 }
763 
764 
765 
766 /*
767  * Return a new job structure,
768  */
769 
770 struct job *
771 makejob(union node *node, int nprocs)
772 {
773 	int i;
774 	struct job *jp;
775 
776 	if (jobs_invalid) {
777 		for (i = njobs, jp = jobtab ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
778 			if (jp->used)
779 				freejob(jp);
780 		}
781 		jobs_invalid = 0;
782 	}
783 
784 	for (i = njobs, jp = jobtab ; ; jp++) {
785 		if (--i < 0) {
786 			INTOFF;
787 			if (njobs == 0) {
788 				jobtab = ckmalloc(4 * sizeof jobtab[0]);
789 			} else {
790 				jp = ckmalloc((njobs + 4) * sizeof jobtab[0]);
791 				memcpy(jp, jobtab, njobs * sizeof jp[0]);
792 				/* Relocate `ps' pointers */
793 				for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++)
794 					if (jp[i].ps == &jobtab[i].ps0)
795 						jp[i].ps = &jp[i].ps0;
796 				ckfree(jobtab);
797 				jobtab = jp;
798 			}
799 			jp = jobtab + njobs;
800 			for (i = 4 ; --i >= 0 ; jobtab[njobs++].used = 0);
801 			INTON;
802 			break;
803 		}
804 		if (jp->used == 0)
805 			break;
806 	}
807 	INTOFF;
808 	jp->state = JOBRUNNING;
809 	jp->used = 1;
810 	jp->changed = 0;
811 	jp->nprocs = 0;
812 #if JOBS
813 	jp->jobctl = jobctl;
814 	set_curjob(jp, 1);
815 #endif
816 	if (nprocs > 1) {
817 		jp->ps = ckmalloc(nprocs * sizeof (struct procstat));
818 	} else {
819 		jp->ps = &jp->ps0;
820 	}
821 	INTON;
822 	TRACE(("makejob(0x%lx, %d) returns %%%d\n", (long)node, nprocs,
823 	    jp - jobtab + 1));
824 	return jp;
825 }
826 
827 
828 /*
829  * Fork off a subshell.  If we are doing job control, give the subshell its
830  * own process group.  Jp is a job structure that the job is to be added to.
831  * N is the command that will be evaluated by the child.  Both jp and n may
832  * be NULL.  The mode parameter can be one of the following:
833  *	FORK_FG - Fork off a foreground process.
834  *	FORK_BG - Fork off a background process.
835  *	FORK_NOJOB - Like FORK_FG, but don't give the process its own
836  *		     process group even if job control is on.
837  *
838  * When job control is turned off, background processes have their standard
839  * input redirected to /dev/null (except for the second and later processes
840  * in a pipeline).
841  */
842 
843 int
844 forkshell(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
845 {
846 	int pid;
847 
848 	TRACE(("forkshell(%%%d, %p, %d) called\n", jp - jobtab, n, mode));
849 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
850 	case -1:
851 		TRACE(("Fork failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
852 		INTON;
853 		error("Cannot fork");
854 		break;
855 	case 0:
856 		forkchild(jp, n, mode, 0);
857 		return 0;
858 	default:
859 		return forkparent(jp, n, mode, pid);
860 	}
861 }
862 
863 int
864 forkparent(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode, pid_t pid)
865 {
866 	int pgrp;
867 
868 	if (rootshell && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
869 		if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
870 			pgrp = pid;
871 		else
872 			pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
873 		/* This can fail because we are doing it in the child also */
874 		(void)setpgid(pid, pgrp);
875 	}
876 	if (mode == FORK_BG)
877 		backgndpid = pid;		/* set $! */
878 	if (jp) {
879 		struct procstat *ps = &jp->ps[jp->nprocs++];
880 		ps->pid = pid;
881 		ps->status = -1;
882 		ps->cmd[0] = 0;
883 		if (/* iflag && rootshell && */ n)
884 			commandtext(ps, n);
885 	}
886 	TRACE(("In parent shell:  child = %d\n", pid));
887 	return pid;
888 }
889 
890 void
891 forkchild(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode, int vforked)
892 {
893 	int wasroot;
894 	int pgrp;
895 	const char *devnull = _PATH_DEVNULL;
896 	const char *nullerr = "Can't open %s";
897 
898 	wasroot = rootshell;
899 	TRACE(("Child shell %d\n", getpid()));
900 	if (!vforked)
901 		rootshell = 0;
902 
903 	closescript(vforked);
904 	clear_traps(vforked);
905 #if JOBS
906 	if (!vforked)
907 		jobctl = 0;		/* do job control only in root shell */
908 	if (wasroot && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
909 		if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
910 			pgrp = getpid();
911 		else
912 			pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
913 		/* This can fail because we are doing it in the parent also */
914 		(void)setpgid(0, pgrp);
915 		if (mode == FORK_FG) {
916 			if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, pgrp) == -1)
917 				error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
918 				    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
919 		}
920 		setsignal(SIGTSTP, vforked);
921 		setsignal(SIGTTOU, vforked);
922 	} else if (mode == FORK_BG) {
923 		ignoresig(SIGINT, vforked);
924 		ignoresig(SIGQUIT, vforked);
925 		if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
926 		    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
927 			close(0);
928 			if (open(devnull, O_RDONLY) != 0)
929 				error(nullerr, devnull);
930 		}
931 	}
932 #else
933 	if (mode == FORK_BG) {
934 		ignoresig(SIGINT, vforked);
935 		ignoresig(SIGQUIT, vforked);
936 		if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
937 		    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
938 			close(0);
939 			if (open(devnull, O_RDONLY) != 0)
940 				error(nullerr, devnull);
941 		}
942 	}
943 #endif
944 	if (wasroot && iflag) {
945 		setsignal(SIGINT, vforked);
946 		setsignal(SIGQUIT, vforked);
947 		setsignal(SIGTERM, vforked);
948 	}
949 
950 	if (!vforked)
951 		jobs_invalid = 1;
952 }
953 
954 /*
955  * Wait for job to finish.
956  *
957  * Under job control we have the problem that while a child process is
958  * running interrupts generated by the user are sent to the child but not
959  * to the shell.  This means that an infinite loop started by an inter-
960  * active user may be hard to kill.  With job control turned off, an
961  * interactive user may place an interactive program inside a loop.  If
962  * the interactive program catches interrupts, the user doesn't want
963  * these interrupts to also abort the loop.  The approach we take here
964  * is to have the shell ignore interrupt signals while waiting for a
965  * forground process to terminate, and then send itself an interrupt
966  * signal if the child process was terminated by an interrupt signal.
967  * Unfortunately, some programs want to do a bit of cleanup and then
968  * exit on interrupt; unless these processes terminate themselves by
969  * sending a signal to themselves (instead of calling exit) they will
970  * confuse this approach.
971  */
972 
973 int
974 waitforjob(struct job *jp)
975 {
976 #if JOBS
977 	int mypgrp = getpgrp();
978 #endif
979 	int status;
980 	int st;
981 
982 	INTOFF;
983 	TRACE(("waitforjob(%%%d) called\n", jp - jobtab + 1));
984 	while (jp->state == JOBRUNNING) {
985 		dowait(WBLOCK, jp);
986 	}
987 #if JOBS
988 	if (jp->jobctl) {
989 		if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, mypgrp) == -1)
990 			error("Cannot set tty process group (%s) at %d",
991 			    strerror(errno), __LINE__);
992 	}
993 	if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED && curjob != jp - jobtab)
994 		set_curjob(jp, 2);
995 #endif
996 	status = jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].status;
997 	/* convert to 8 bits */
998 	if (WIFEXITED(status))
999 		st = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1000 #if JOBS
1001 	else if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
1002 		st = WSTOPSIG(status) + 128;
1003 #endif
1004 	else
1005 		st = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
1006 	TRACE(("waitforjob: job %d, nproc %d, status %x, st %x\n",
1007 		jp - jobtab + 1, jp->nprocs, status, st ));
1008 #if JOBS
1009 	if (jp->jobctl) {
1010 		/*
1011 		 * This is truly gross.
1012 		 * If we're doing job control, then we did a TIOCSPGRP which
1013 		 * caused us (the shell) to no longer be in the controlling
1014 		 * session -- so we wouldn't have seen any ^C/SIGINT.  So, we
1015 		 * intuit from the subprocess exit status whether a SIGINT
1016 		 * occurred, and if so interrupt ourselves.  Yuck.  - mycroft
1017 		 */
1018 		if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGINT)
1019 			raise(SIGINT);
1020 	}
1021 #endif
1022 	if (! JOBS || jp->state == JOBDONE)
1023 		freejob(jp);
1024 	INTON;
1025 	return st;
1026 }
1027 
1028 
1029 
1030 /*
1031  * Wait for a process to terminate.
1032  */
1033 
1034 STATIC int
1035 dowait(int flags, struct job *job)
1036 {
1037 	int pid;
1038 	int status;
1039 	struct procstat *sp;
1040 	struct job *jp;
1041 	struct job *thisjob;
1042 	int done;
1043 	int stopped;
1044 	extern volatile char gotsig[];
1045 
1046 	TRACE(("dowait(%x) called\n", flags));
1047 	do {
1048 		pid = waitproc(flags & WBLOCK, job, &status);
1049 		TRACE(("wait returns pid %d, status %d\n", pid, status));
1050 	} while (pid == -1 && errno == EINTR && gotsig[SIGINT - 1] == 0);
1051 	if (pid <= 0)
1052 		return pid;
1053 	INTOFF;
1054 	thisjob = NULL;
1055 	for (jp = jobtab ; jp < jobtab + njobs ; jp++) {
1056 		if (jp->used) {
1057 			done = 1;
1058 			stopped = 1;
1059 			for (sp = jp->ps ; sp < jp->ps + jp->nprocs ; sp++) {
1060 				if (sp->pid == -1)
1061 					continue;
1062 				if (sp->pid == pid) {
1063 					TRACE(("Job %d: changing status of proc %d from 0x%x to 0x%x\n", jp - jobtab + 1, pid, sp->status, status));
1064 					sp->status = status;
1065 					thisjob = jp;
1066 				}
1067 				if (sp->status == -1)
1068 					stopped = 0;
1069 				else if (WIFSTOPPED(sp->status))
1070 					done = 0;
1071 			}
1072 			if (stopped) {		/* stopped or done */
1073 				int state = done ? JOBDONE : JOBSTOPPED;
1074 				if (jp->state != state) {
1075 					TRACE(("Job %d: changing state from %d to %d\n", jp - jobtab + 1, jp->state, state));
1076 					jp->state = state;
1077 #if JOBS
1078 					if (done)
1079 						set_curjob(jp, 0);
1080 #endif
1081 				}
1082 			}
1083 		}
1084 	}
1085 
1086 	if (thisjob && thisjob->state != JOBRUNNING) {
1087 		int mode = 0;
1088 		if (!rootshell || !iflag)
1089 			mode = SHOW_SIGNALLED;
1090 		if ((job == thisjob && (flags & WNOFREE) == 0) ||
1091 		    (job != thisjob && (flags & WNOFREE) != 0))
1092 			mode = SHOW_SIGNALLED | SHOW_NO_FREE;
1093 		if (mode)
1094 			showjob(out2, thisjob, mode);
1095 		else {
1096 			TRACE(("Not printing status, rootshell=%d, job=%p\n",
1097 				rootshell, job));
1098 			thisjob->changed = 1;
1099 		}
1100 	}
1101 
1102 	INTON;
1103 	return pid;
1104 }
1105 
1106 
1107 
1108 /*
1109  * Do a wait system call.  If job control is compiled in, we accept
1110  * stopped processes.  If block is zero, we return a value of zero
1111  * rather than blocking.
1112  *
1113  * System V doesn't have a non-blocking wait system call.  It does
1114  * have a SIGCLD signal that is sent to a process when one of its
1115  * children dies.  The obvious way to use SIGCLD would be to install
1116  * a handler for SIGCLD which simply bumped a counter when a SIGCLD
1117  * was received, and have waitproc bump another counter when it got
1118  * the status of a process.  Waitproc would then know that a wait
1119  * system call would not block if the two counters were different.
1120  * This approach doesn't work because if a process has children that
1121  * have not been waited for, System V will send it a SIGCLD when it
1122  * installs a signal handler for SIGCLD.  What this means is that when
1123  * a child exits, the shell will be sent SIGCLD signals continuously
1124  * until is runs out of stack space, unless it does a wait call before
1125  * restoring the signal handler.  The code below takes advantage of
1126  * this (mis)feature by installing a signal handler for SIGCLD and
1127  * then checking to see whether it was called.  If there are any
1128  * children to be waited for, it will be.
1129  *
1130  * If neither SYSV nor BSD is defined, we don't implement nonblocking
1131  * waits at all.  In this case, the user will not be informed when
1132  * a background process until the next time she runs a real program
1133  * (as opposed to running a builtin command or just typing return),
1134  * and the jobs command may give out of date information.
1135  */
1136 
1137 #ifdef SYSV
1138 STATIC int gotsigchild;
1139 
1140 STATIC int onsigchild() {
1141 	gotsigchild = 1;
1142 }
1143 #endif
1144 
1145 
1146 STATIC int
1147 waitproc(int block, struct job *jp, int *status)
1148 {
1149 #ifdef BSD
1150 	int flags = 0;
1151 
1152 #if JOBS
1153 	if (jp != NULL && jp->jobctl)
1154 		flags |= WUNTRACED;
1155 #endif
1156 	if (block == 0)
1157 		flags |= WNOHANG;
1158 	return waitpid(-1, status, flags);
1159 #else
1160 #ifdef SYSV
1161 	int (*save)();
1162 
1163 	if (block == 0) {
1164 		gotsigchild = 0;
1165 		save = signal(SIGCLD, onsigchild);
1166 		signal(SIGCLD, save);
1167 		if (gotsigchild == 0)
1168 			return 0;
1169 	}
1170 	return wait(status);
1171 #else
1172 	if (block == 0)
1173 		return 0;
1174 	return wait(status);
1175 #endif
1176 #endif
1177 }
1178 
1179 /*
1180  * return 1 if there are stopped jobs, otherwise 0
1181  */
1182 int job_warning = 0;
1183 int
1184 stoppedjobs(void)
1185 {
1186 	int jobno;
1187 	struct job *jp;
1188 
1189 	if (job_warning || jobs_invalid)
1190 		return (0);
1191 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab; jobno <= njobs; jobno++, jp++) {
1192 		if (jp->used == 0)
1193 			continue;
1194 		if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED) {
1195 			out2str("You have stopped jobs.\n");
1196 			job_warning = 2;
1197 			return (1);
1198 		}
1199 	}
1200 
1201 	return (0);
1202 }
1203 
1204 /*
1205  * Return a string identifying a command (to be printed by the
1206  * jobs command).
1207  */
1208 
1209 STATIC char *cmdnextc;
1210 STATIC int cmdnleft;
1211 
1212 void
1213 commandtext(struct procstat *ps, union node *n)
1214 {
1215 	int len;
1216 
1217 	cmdnextc = ps->cmd;
1218 	if (iflag || mflag || sizeof ps->cmd < 100)
1219 		len = sizeof(ps->cmd);
1220 	else
1221 		len = sizeof(ps->cmd) / 10;
1222 	cmdnleft = len;
1223 	cmdtxt(n);
1224 	if (cmdnleft <= 0) {
1225 		char *p = ps->cmd + len - 4;
1226 		p[0] = '.';
1227 		p[1] = '.';
1228 		p[2] = '.';
1229 		p[3] = 0;
1230 	} else
1231 		*cmdnextc = '\0';
1232 	TRACE(("commandtext: ps->cmd %x, end %x, left %d\n\t\"%s\"\n",
1233 		ps->cmd, cmdnextc, cmdnleft, ps->cmd));
1234 }
1235 
1236 
1237 STATIC void
1238 cmdtxt(union node *n)
1239 {
1240 	union node *np;
1241 	struct nodelist *lp;
1242 	const char *p;
1243 	int i;
1244 	char s[2];
1245 
1246 	if (n == NULL || cmdnleft <= 0)
1247 		return;
1248 	switch (n->type) {
1249 	case NSEMI:
1250 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1251 		cmdputs("; ");
1252 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1253 		break;
1254 	case NAND:
1255 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1256 		cmdputs(" && ");
1257 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1258 		break;
1259 	case NOR:
1260 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1261 		cmdputs(" || ");
1262 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1263 		break;
1264 	case NPIPE:
1265 		for (lp = n->npipe.cmdlist ; lp ; lp = lp->next) {
1266 			cmdtxt(lp->n);
1267 			if (lp->next)
1268 				cmdputs(" | ");
1269 		}
1270 		break;
1271 	case NSUBSHELL:
1272 		cmdputs("(");
1273 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1274 		cmdputs(")");
1275 		break;
1276 	case NREDIR:
1277 	case NBACKGND:
1278 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1279 		break;
1280 	case NIF:
1281 		cmdputs("if ");
1282 		cmdtxt(n->nif.test);
1283 		cmdputs("; then ");
1284 		cmdtxt(n->nif.ifpart);
1285 		if (n->nif.elsepart) {
1286 			cmdputs("; else ");
1287 			cmdtxt(n->nif.elsepart);
1288 		}
1289 		cmdputs("; fi");
1290 		break;
1291 	case NWHILE:
1292 		cmdputs("while ");
1293 		goto until;
1294 	case NUNTIL:
1295 		cmdputs("until ");
1296 until:
1297 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1298 		cmdputs("; do ");
1299 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1300 		cmdputs("; done");
1301 		break;
1302 	case NFOR:
1303 		cmdputs("for ");
1304 		cmdputs(n->nfor.var);
1305 		cmdputs(" in ");
1306 		cmdlist(n->nfor.args, 1);
1307 		cmdputs("; do ");
1308 		cmdtxt(n->nfor.body);
1309 		cmdputs("; done");
1310 		break;
1311 	case NCASE:
1312 		cmdputs("case ");
1313 		cmdputs(n->ncase.expr->narg.text);
1314 		cmdputs(" in ");
1315 		for (np = n->ncase.cases; np; np = np->nclist.next) {
1316 			cmdtxt(np->nclist.pattern);
1317 			cmdputs(") ");
1318 			cmdtxt(np->nclist.body);
1319 			cmdputs(";; ");
1320 		}
1321 		cmdputs("esac");
1322 		break;
1323 	case NDEFUN:
1324 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1325 		cmdputs("() { ... }");
1326 		break;
1327 	case NCMD:
1328 		cmdlist(n->ncmd.args, 1);
1329 		cmdlist(n->ncmd.redirect, 0);
1330 		break;
1331 	case NARG:
1332 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1333 		break;
1334 	case NTO:
1335 		p = ">";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1336 	case NCLOBBER:
1337 		p = ">|";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1338 	case NAPPEND:
1339 		p = ">>";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1340 	case NTOFD:
1341 		p = ">&";  i = 1;  goto redir;
1342 	case NFROM:
1343 		p = "<";  i = 0;  goto redir;
1344 	case NFROMFD:
1345 		p = "<&";  i = 0;  goto redir;
1346 	case NFROMTO:
1347 		p = "<>";  i = 0;  goto redir;
1348 redir:
1349 		if (n->nfile.fd != i) {
1350 			s[0] = n->nfile.fd + '0';
1351 			s[1] = '\0';
1352 			cmdputs(s);
1353 		}
1354 		cmdputs(p);
1355 		if (n->type == NTOFD || n->type == NFROMFD) {
1356 			s[0] = n->ndup.dupfd + '0';
1357 			s[1] = '\0';
1358 			cmdputs(s);
1359 		} else {
1360 			cmdtxt(n->nfile.fname);
1361 		}
1362 		break;
1363 	case NHERE:
1364 	case NXHERE:
1365 		cmdputs("<<...");
1366 		break;
1367 	default:
1368 		cmdputs("???");
1369 		break;
1370 	}
1371 }
1372 
1373 STATIC void
1374 cmdlist(union node *np, int sep)
1375 {
1376 	for (; np; np = np->narg.next) {
1377 		if (!sep)
1378 			cmdputs(" ");
1379 		cmdtxt(np);
1380 		if (sep && np->narg.next)
1381 			cmdputs(" ");
1382 	}
1383 }
1384 
1385 
1386 STATIC void
1387 cmdputs(const char *s)
1388 {
1389 	const char *p, *str = 0;
1390 	char c, cc[2] = " ";
1391 	char *nextc;
1392 	int nleft;
1393 	int subtype = 0;
1394 	int quoted = 0;
1395 	static char vstype[16][4] = { "", "}", "-", "+", "?", "=",
1396 					"#", "##", "%", "%%" };
1397 
1398 	p = s;
1399 	nextc = cmdnextc;
1400 	nleft = cmdnleft;
1401 	while (nleft > 0 && (c = *p++) != 0) {
1402 		switch (c) {
1403 		case CTLESC:
1404 			c = *p++;
1405 			break;
1406 		case CTLVAR:
1407 			subtype = *p++;
1408 			if ((subtype & VSTYPE) == VSLENGTH)
1409 				str = "${#";
1410 			else
1411 				str = "${";
1412 			if (!(subtype & VSQUOTE) != !(quoted & 1)) {
1413 				quoted ^= 1;
1414 				c = '"';
1415 			} else
1416 				c = *str++;
1417 			break;
1418 		case CTLENDVAR:
1419 			if (quoted & 1) {
1420 				c = '"';
1421 				str = "}";
1422 			} else
1423 				c = '}';
1424 			quoted >>= 1;
1425 			subtype = 0;
1426 			break;
1427 		case CTLBACKQ:
1428 			c = '$';
1429 			str = "(...)";
1430 			break;
1431 		case CTLBACKQ+CTLQUOTE:
1432 			c = '"';
1433 			str = "$(...)\"";
1434 			break;
1435 		case CTLARI:
1436 			c = '$';
1437 			str = "((";
1438 			break;
1439 		case CTLENDARI:
1440 			c = ')';
1441 			str = ")";
1442 			break;
1443 		case CTLQUOTEMARK:
1444 			quoted ^= 1;
1445 			c = '"';
1446 			break;
1447 		case '=':
1448 			if (subtype == 0)
1449 				break;
1450 			str = vstype[subtype & VSTYPE];
1451 			if (subtype & VSNUL)
1452 				c = ':';
1453 			else
1454 				c = *str++;
1455 			if (c != '}')
1456 				quoted <<= 1;
1457 			break;
1458 		case '\'':
1459 		case '\\':
1460 		case '"':
1461 		case '$':
1462 			/* These can only happen inside quotes */
1463 			cc[0] = c;
1464 			str = cc;
1465 			c = '\\';
1466 			break;
1467 		default:
1468 			break;
1469 		}
1470 		do {
1471 			*nextc++ = c;
1472 		} while (--nleft > 0 && str && (c = *str++));
1473 		str = 0;
1474 	}
1475 	if ((quoted & 1) && nleft) {
1476 		*nextc++ = '"';
1477 		nleft--;
1478 	}
1479 	cmdnleft = nleft;
1480 	cmdnextc = nextc;
1481 }
1482