xref: /netbsd-src/bin/sh/expand.c (revision b5677b36047b601b9addaaa494a58ceae82c2a6c)
1 /*	$NetBSD: expand.c,v 1.82 2009/01/18 00:30:54 lukem Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Kenneth Almquist.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)expand.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/15/95";
39 #else
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: expand.c,v 1.82 2009/01/18 00:30:54 lukem Exp $");
41 #endif
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 
44 #include <sys/types.h>
45 #include <sys/time.h>
46 #include <sys/stat.h>
47 #include <errno.h>
48 #include <dirent.h>
49 #include <unistd.h>
50 #include <pwd.h>
51 #include <stdlib.h>
52 #include <stdio.h>
53 
54 /*
55  * Routines to expand arguments to commands.  We have to deal with
56  * backquotes, shell variables, and file metacharacters.
57  */
58 
59 #include "shell.h"
60 #include "main.h"
61 #include "nodes.h"
62 #include "eval.h"
63 #include "expand.h"
64 #include "syntax.h"
65 #include "parser.h"
66 #include "jobs.h"
67 #include "options.h"
68 #include "var.h"
69 #include "input.h"
70 #include "output.h"
71 #include "memalloc.h"
72 #include "error.h"
73 #include "mystring.h"
74 #include "show.h"
75 
76 /*
77  * Structure specifying which parts of the string should be searched
78  * for IFS characters.
79  */
80 
81 struct ifsregion {
82 	struct ifsregion *next;	/* next region in list */
83 	int begoff;		/* offset of start of region */
84 	int endoff;		/* offset of end of region */
85 	int inquotes;		/* search for nul bytes only */
86 };
87 
88 
89 char *expdest;			/* output of current string */
90 struct nodelist *argbackq;	/* list of back quote expressions */
91 struct ifsregion ifsfirst;	/* first struct in list of ifs regions */
92 struct ifsregion *ifslastp;	/* last struct in list */
93 struct arglist exparg;		/* holds expanded arg list */
94 
95 STATIC void argstr(char *, int);
96 STATIC char *exptilde(char *, int);
97 STATIC void expbackq(union node *, int, int);
98 STATIC int subevalvar(char *, char *, int, int, int, int);
99 STATIC char *evalvar(char *, int);
100 STATIC int varisset(char *, int);
101 STATIC void varvalue(char *, int, int, int);
102 STATIC void recordregion(int, int, int);
103 STATIC void removerecordregions(int);
104 STATIC void ifsbreakup(char *, struct arglist *);
105 STATIC void ifsfree(void);
106 STATIC void expandmeta(struct strlist *, int);
107 STATIC void expmeta(char *, char *);
108 STATIC void addfname(char *);
109 STATIC struct strlist *expsort(struct strlist *);
110 STATIC struct strlist *msort(struct strlist *, int);
111 STATIC int pmatch(char *, char *, int);
112 STATIC char *cvtnum(int, char *);
113 
114 /*
115  * Expand shell variables and backquotes inside a here document.
116  */
117 
118 void
119 expandhere(union node *arg, int fd)
120 {
121 	herefd = fd;
122 	expandarg(arg, (struct arglist *)NULL, 0);
123 	xwrite(fd, stackblock(), expdest - stackblock());
124 }
125 
126 
127 /*
128  * Perform variable substitution and command substitution on an argument,
129  * placing the resulting list of arguments in arglist.  If EXP_FULL is true,
130  * perform splitting and file name expansion.  When arglist is NULL, perform
131  * here document expansion.
132  */
133 
134 void
135 expandarg(union node *arg, struct arglist *arglist, int flag)
136 {
137 	struct strlist *sp;
138 	char *p;
139 
140 	argbackq = arg->narg.backquote;
141 	STARTSTACKSTR(expdest);
142 	ifsfirst.next = NULL;
143 	ifslastp = NULL;
144 	argstr(arg->narg.text, flag);
145 	if (arglist == NULL) {
146 		return;			/* here document expanded */
147 	}
148 	STPUTC('\0', expdest);
149 	p = grabstackstr(expdest);
150 	exparg.lastp = &exparg.list;
151 	/*
152 	 * TODO - EXP_REDIR
153 	 */
154 	if (flag & EXP_FULL) {
155 		ifsbreakup(p, &exparg);
156 		*exparg.lastp = NULL;
157 		exparg.lastp = &exparg.list;
158 		expandmeta(exparg.list, flag);
159 	} else {
160 		if (flag & EXP_REDIR) /*XXX - for now, just remove escapes */
161 			rmescapes(p);
162 		sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof (struct strlist));
163 		sp->text = p;
164 		*exparg.lastp = sp;
165 		exparg.lastp = &sp->next;
166 	}
167 	ifsfree();
168 	*exparg.lastp = NULL;
169 	if (exparg.list) {
170 		*arglist->lastp = exparg.list;
171 		arglist->lastp = exparg.lastp;
172 	}
173 }
174 
175 
176 
177 /*
178  * Perform variable and command substitution.
179  * If EXP_FULL is set, output CTLESC characters to allow for further processing.
180  * Otherwise treat $@ like $* since no splitting will be performed.
181  */
182 
183 STATIC void
184 argstr(char *p, int flag)
185 {
186 	char c;
187 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);	/* do CTLESC */
188 	int firsteq = 1;
189 	const char *ifs = NULL;
190 	int ifs_split = EXP_IFS_SPLIT;
191 
192 	if (flag & EXP_IFS_SPLIT)
193 		ifs = ifsset() ? ifsval() : " \t\n";
194 
195 	if (*p == '~' && (flag & (EXP_TILDE | EXP_VARTILDE)))
196 		p = exptilde(p, flag);
197 	for (;;) {
198 		switch (c = *p++) {
199 		case '\0':
200 		case CTLENDVAR: /* end of expanding yyy in ${xxx-yyy} */
201 			return;
202 		case CTLQUOTEMARK:
203 			/* "$@" syntax adherence hack */
204 			if (p[0] == CTLVAR && p[2] == '@' && p[3] == '=')
205 				break;
206 			if ((flag & EXP_FULL) != 0)
207 				STPUTC(c, expdest);
208 			ifs_split = 0;
209 			break;
210 		case CTLQUOTEEND:
211 			ifs_split = EXP_IFS_SPLIT;
212 			break;
213 		case CTLESC:
214 			if (quotes)
215 				STPUTC(c, expdest);
216 			c = *p++;
217 			STPUTC(c, expdest);
218 			break;
219 		case CTLVAR:
220 			p = evalvar(p, (flag & ~EXP_IFS_SPLIT) | (flag & ifs_split));
221 			break;
222 		case CTLBACKQ:
223 		case CTLBACKQ|CTLQUOTE:
224 			expbackq(argbackq->n, c & CTLQUOTE, flag);
225 			argbackq = argbackq->next;
226 			break;
227 		case CTLENDARI:
228 			expari(flag);
229 			break;
230 		case ':':
231 		case '=':
232 			/*
233 			 * sort of a hack - expand tildes in variable
234 			 * assignments (after the first '=' and after ':'s).
235 			 */
236 			STPUTC(c, expdest);
237 			if (flag & EXP_VARTILDE && *p == '~') {
238 				if (c == '=') {
239 					if (firsteq)
240 						firsteq = 0;
241 					else
242 						break;
243 				}
244 				p = exptilde(p, flag);
245 			}
246 			break;
247 		default:
248 			STPUTC(c, expdest);
249 			if (flag & EXP_IFS_SPLIT & ifs_split && strchr(ifs, c) != NULL) {
250 				/* We need to get the output split here... */
251 				recordregion(expdest - stackblock() - 1,
252 						expdest - stackblock(), 0);
253 			}
254 			break;
255 		}
256 	}
257 }
258 
259 STATIC char *
260 exptilde(char *p, int flag)
261 {
262 	char c, *startp = p;
263 	struct passwd *pw;
264 	const char *home;
265 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
266 
267 	while ((c = *p) != '\0') {
268 		switch(c) {
269 		case CTLESC:
270 			return (startp);
271 		case CTLQUOTEMARK:
272 			return (startp);
273 		case ':':
274 			if (flag & EXP_VARTILDE)
275 				goto done;
276 			break;
277 		case '/':
278 			goto done;
279 		}
280 		p++;
281 	}
282 done:
283 	*p = '\0';
284 	if (*(startp+1) == '\0') {
285 		if ((home = lookupvar("HOME")) == NULL)
286 			goto lose;
287 	} else {
288 		if ((pw = getpwnam(startp+1)) == NULL)
289 			goto lose;
290 		home = pw->pw_dir;
291 	}
292 	if (*home == '\0')
293 		goto lose;
294 	*p = c;
295 	while ((c = *home++) != '\0') {
296 		if (quotes && SQSYNTAX[(int)c] == CCTL)
297 			STPUTC(CTLESC, expdest);
298 		STPUTC(c, expdest);
299 	}
300 	return (p);
301 lose:
302 	*p = c;
303 	return (startp);
304 }
305 
306 
307 STATIC void
308 removerecordregions(int endoff)
309 {
310 	if (ifslastp == NULL)
311 		return;
312 
313 	if (ifsfirst.endoff > endoff) {
314 		while (ifsfirst.next != NULL) {
315 			struct ifsregion *ifsp;
316 			INTOFF;
317 			ifsp = ifsfirst.next->next;
318 			ckfree(ifsfirst.next);
319 			ifsfirst.next = ifsp;
320 			INTON;
321 		}
322 		if (ifsfirst.begoff > endoff)
323 			ifslastp = NULL;
324 		else {
325 			ifslastp = &ifsfirst;
326 			ifsfirst.endoff = endoff;
327 		}
328 		return;
329 	}
330 
331 	ifslastp = &ifsfirst;
332 	while (ifslastp->next && ifslastp->next->begoff < endoff)
333 		ifslastp=ifslastp->next;
334 	while (ifslastp->next != NULL) {
335 		struct ifsregion *ifsp;
336 		INTOFF;
337 		ifsp = ifslastp->next->next;
338 		ckfree(ifslastp->next);
339 		ifslastp->next = ifsp;
340 		INTON;
341 	}
342 	if (ifslastp->endoff > endoff)
343 		ifslastp->endoff = endoff;
344 }
345 
346 
347 /*
348  * Expand arithmetic expression.  Backup to start of expression,
349  * evaluate, place result in (backed up) result, adjust string position.
350  */
351 void
352 expari(int flag)
353 {
354 	char *p, *start;
355 	intmax_t result;
356 	int adjustment;
357 	int begoff;
358 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
359 	int quoted;
360 
361 	/*	ifsfree(); */
362 
363 	/*
364 	 * This routine is slightly over-complicated for
365 	 * efficiency.  First we make sure there is
366 	 * enough space for the result, which may be bigger
367 	 * than the expression if we add exponentation.  Next we
368 	 * scan backwards looking for the start of arithmetic.  If the
369 	 * next previous character is a CTLESC character, then we
370 	 * have to rescan starting from the beginning since CTLESC
371 	 * characters have to be processed left to right.
372 	 */
373 /* SPACE_NEEDED is enough for all digits, plus possible "-", plus 2 (why?) */
374 #define SPACE_NEEDED ((sizeof(intmax_t) * CHAR_BIT + 2) / 3 + 1 + 2)
375 	CHECKSTRSPACE((int)(SPACE_NEEDED - 2), expdest);
376 	USTPUTC('\0', expdest);
377 	start = stackblock();
378 	p = expdest - 1;
379 	while (*p != CTLARI && p >= start)
380 		--p;
381 	if (*p != CTLARI)
382 		error("missing CTLARI (shouldn't happen)");
383 	if (p > start && *(p-1) == CTLESC)
384 		for (p = start; *p != CTLARI; p++)
385 			if (*p == CTLESC)
386 				p++;
387 
388 	if (p[1] == '"')
389 		quoted=1;
390 	else
391 		quoted=0;
392 	begoff = p - start;
393 	removerecordregions(begoff);
394 	if (quotes)
395 		rmescapes(p+2);
396 	result = arith(p+2);
397 	fmtstr(p, SPACE_NEEDED, "%"PRIdMAX, result);
398 
399 	while (*p++)
400 		;
401 
402 	if (quoted == 0)
403 		recordregion(begoff, p - 1 - start, 0);
404 	adjustment = expdest - p + 1;
405 	STADJUST(-adjustment, expdest);
406 }
407 
408 
409 /*
410  * Expand stuff in backwards quotes.
411  */
412 
413 STATIC void
414 expbackq(union node *cmd, int quoted, int flag)
415 {
416 	struct backcmd in;
417 	int i;
418 	char buf[128];
419 	char *p;
420 	char *dest = expdest;
421 	struct ifsregion saveifs, *savelastp;
422 	struct nodelist *saveargbackq;
423 	char lastc;
424 	int startloc = dest - stackblock();
425 	char const *syntax = quoted? DQSYNTAX : BASESYNTAX;
426 	int saveherefd;
427 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
428 
429 	INTOFF;
430 	saveifs = ifsfirst;
431 	savelastp = ifslastp;
432 	saveargbackq = argbackq;
433 	saveherefd = herefd;
434 	herefd = -1;
435 	p = grabstackstr(dest);
436 	evalbackcmd(cmd, &in);
437 	ungrabstackstr(p, dest);
438 	ifsfirst = saveifs;
439 	ifslastp = savelastp;
440 	argbackq = saveargbackq;
441 	herefd = saveherefd;
442 
443 	p = in.buf;
444 	lastc = '\0';
445 	for (;;) {
446 		if (--in.nleft < 0) {
447 			if (in.fd < 0)
448 				break;
449 			while ((i = read(in.fd, buf, sizeof buf)) < 0 && errno == EINTR);
450 			TRACE(("expbackq: read returns %d\n", i));
451 			if (i <= 0)
452 				break;
453 			p = buf;
454 			in.nleft = i - 1;
455 		}
456 		lastc = *p++;
457 		if (lastc != '\0') {
458 			if (quotes && syntax[(int)lastc] == CCTL)
459 				STPUTC(CTLESC, dest);
460 			STPUTC(lastc, dest);
461 		}
462 	}
463 
464 	/* Eat all trailing newlines */
465 	p = stackblock() + startloc;
466 	while (dest > p && dest[-1] == '\n')
467 		STUNPUTC(dest);
468 
469 	if (in.fd >= 0)
470 		close(in.fd);
471 	if (in.buf)
472 		ckfree(in.buf);
473 	if (in.jp)
474 		back_exitstatus = waitforjob(in.jp);
475 	if (quoted == 0)
476 		recordregion(startloc, dest - stackblock(), 0);
477 	TRACE(("evalbackq: size=%d: \"%.*s\"\n",
478 		(int)((dest - stackblock()) - startloc),
479 		(int)((dest - stackblock()) - startloc),
480 		stackblock() + startloc));
481 	expdest = dest;
482 	INTON;
483 }
484 
485 
486 
487 STATIC int
488 subevalvar(char *p, char *str, int strloc, int subtype, int startloc, int varflags)
489 {
490 	char *startp;
491 	char *loc = NULL;
492 	char *q;
493 	int c = 0;
494 	int saveherefd = herefd;
495 	struct nodelist *saveargbackq = argbackq;
496 	int amount, how;
497 
498 	herefd = -1;
499 	switch (subtype) {
500 	case VSTRIMLEFT:
501 	case VSTRIMLEFTMAX:
502 	case VSTRIMRIGHT:
503 	case VSTRIMRIGHTMAX:
504 		how = (varflags & VSQUOTE) ? 0 : EXP_CASE;
505 		break;
506 	default:
507 		how = 0;
508 		break;
509 	}
510 	argstr(p, how);
511 	STACKSTRNUL(expdest);
512 	herefd = saveherefd;
513 	argbackq = saveargbackq;
514 	startp = stackblock() + startloc;
515 	if (str == NULL)
516 	    str = stackblock() + strloc;
517 
518 	switch (subtype) {
519 	case VSASSIGN:
520 		setvar(str, startp, 0);
521 		amount = startp - expdest;
522 		STADJUST(amount, expdest);
523 		varflags &= ~VSNUL;
524 		return 1;
525 
526 	case VSQUESTION:
527 		if (*p != CTLENDVAR) {
528 			outfmt(&errout, "%s\n", startp);
529 			error((char *)NULL);
530 		}
531 		error("%.*s: parameter %snot set",
532 		      (int)(p - str - 1),
533 		      str, (varflags & VSNUL) ? "null or "
534 					      : nullstr);
535 		/* NOTREACHED */
536 
537 	case VSTRIMLEFT:
538 		for (loc = startp; loc < str; loc++) {
539 			c = *loc;
540 			*loc = '\0';
541 			if (patmatch(str, startp, varflags & VSQUOTE))
542 				goto recordleft;
543 			*loc = c;
544 			if ((varflags & VSQUOTE) && *loc == CTLESC)
545 			        loc++;
546 		}
547 		return 0;
548 
549 	case VSTRIMLEFTMAX:
550 		for (loc = str - 1; loc >= startp;) {
551 			c = *loc;
552 			*loc = '\0';
553 			if (patmatch(str, startp, varflags & VSQUOTE))
554 				goto recordleft;
555 			*loc = c;
556 			loc--;
557 			if ((varflags & VSQUOTE) && loc > startp &&
558 			    *(loc - 1) == CTLESC) {
559 				for (q = startp; q < loc; q++)
560 					if (*q == CTLESC)
561 						q++;
562 				if (q > loc)
563 					loc--;
564 			}
565 		}
566 		return 0;
567 
568 	case VSTRIMRIGHT:
569 	        for (loc = str - 1; loc >= startp;) {
570 			if (patmatch(str, loc, varflags & VSQUOTE))
571 				goto recordright;
572 			loc--;
573 			if ((varflags & VSQUOTE) && loc > startp &&
574 			    *(loc - 1) == CTLESC) {
575 				for (q = startp; q < loc; q++)
576 					if (*q == CTLESC)
577 						q++;
578 				if (q > loc)
579 					loc--;
580 			}
581 		}
582 		return 0;
583 
584 	case VSTRIMRIGHTMAX:
585 		for (loc = startp; loc < str - 1; loc++) {
586 			if (patmatch(str, loc, varflags & VSQUOTE))
587 				goto recordright;
588 			if ((varflags & VSQUOTE) && *loc == CTLESC)
589 			        loc++;
590 		}
591 		return 0;
592 
593 	default:
594 		abort();
595 	}
596 
597 recordleft:
598 	*loc = c;
599 	amount = ((str - 1) - (loc - startp)) - expdest;
600 	STADJUST(amount, expdest);
601 	while (loc != str - 1)
602 		*startp++ = *loc++;
603 	return 1;
604 
605 recordright:
606 	amount = loc - expdest;
607 	STADJUST(amount, expdest);
608 	STPUTC('\0', expdest);
609 	STADJUST(-1, expdest);
610 	return 1;
611 }
612 
613 
614 /*
615  * Expand a variable, and return a pointer to the next character in the
616  * input string.
617  */
618 
619 STATIC char *
620 evalvar(char *p, int flag)
621 {
622 	int subtype;
623 	int varflags;
624 	char *var;
625 	char *val;
626 	int patloc;
627 	int c;
628 	int set;
629 	int special;
630 	int startloc;
631 	int varlen;
632 	int apply_ifs;
633 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
634 
635 	varflags = (unsigned char)*p++;
636 	subtype = varflags & VSTYPE;
637 	var = p;
638 	special = !is_name(*p);
639 	p = strchr(p, '=') + 1;
640 
641 again: /* jump here after setting a variable with ${var=text} */
642 	if (special) {
643 		set = varisset(var, varflags & VSNUL);
644 		val = NULL;
645 	} else {
646 		val = lookupvar(var);
647 		if (val == NULL || ((varflags & VSNUL) && val[0] == '\0')) {
648 			val = NULL;
649 			set = 0;
650 		} else
651 			set = 1;
652 	}
653 
654 	varlen = 0;
655 	startloc = expdest - stackblock();
656 
657 	if (!set && uflag) {
658 		switch (subtype) {
659 		case VSNORMAL:
660 		case VSTRIMLEFT:
661 		case VSTRIMLEFTMAX:
662 		case VSTRIMRIGHT:
663 		case VSTRIMRIGHTMAX:
664 		case VSLENGTH:
665 			error("%.*s: parameter not set",
666 			    (int)(p - var - 1), var);
667 			/* NOTREACHED */
668 		}
669 	}
670 
671 	if (set && subtype != VSPLUS) {
672 		/* insert the value of the variable */
673 		if (special) {
674 			varvalue(var, varflags & VSQUOTE, subtype, flag);
675 			if (subtype == VSLENGTH) {
676 				varlen = expdest - stackblock() - startloc;
677 				STADJUST(-varlen, expdest);
678 			}
679 		} else {
680 			char const *syntax = (varflags & VSQUOTE) ? DQSYNTAX
681 								  : BASESYNTAX;
682 
683 			if (subtype == VSLENGTH) {
684 				for (;*val; val++)
685 					varlen++;
686 			} else {
687 				while (*val) {
688 					if (quotes && syntax[(int)*val] == CCTL)
689 						STPUTC(CTLESC, expdest);
690 					STPUTC(*val++, expdest);
691 				}
692 
693 			}
694 		}
695 	}
696 
697 
698 	apply_ifs = ((varflags & VSQUOTE) == 0 ||
699 		(*var == '@' && shellparam.nparam != 1));
700 
701 	switch (subtype) {
702 	case VSLENGTH:
703 		expdest = cvtnum(varlen, expdest);
704 		break;
705 
706 	case VSNORMAL:
707 		break;
708 
709 	case VSPLUS:
710 		set = !set;
711 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
712 	case VSMINUS:
713 		if (!set) {
714 		        argstr(p, flag | (apply_ifs ? EXP_IFS_SPLIT : 0));
715 			/*
716 			 * ${x-a b c} doesn't get split, but removing the
717 			 * 'apply_ifs = 0' apparently breaks ${1+"$@"}..
718 			 * ${x-'a b' c} should generate 2 args.
719 			 */
720 			/* We should have marked stuff already */
721 			apply_ifs = 0;
722 		}
723 		break;
724 
725 	case VSTRIMLEFT:
726 	case VSTRIMLEFTMAX:
727 	case VSTRIMRIGHT:
728 	case VSTRIMRIGHTMAX:
729 		if (!set)
730 			break;
731 		/*
732 		 * Terminate the string and start recording the pattern
733 		 * right after it
734 		 */
735 		STPUTC('\0', expdest);
736 		patloc = expdest - stackblock();
737 		if (subevalvar(p, NULL, patloc, subtype,
738 			       startloc, varflags) == 0) {
739 			int amount = (expdest - stackblock() - patloc) + 1;
740 			STADJUST(-amount, expdest);
741 		}
742 		/* Remove any recorded regions beyond start of variable */
743 		removerecordregions(startloc);
744 		apply_ifs = 1;
745 		break;
746 
747 	case VSASSIGN:
748 	case VSQUESTION:
749 		if (set)
750 			break;
751 		if (subevalvar(p, var, 0, subtype, startloc, varflags)) {
752 			varflags &= ~VSNUL;
753 			/*
754 			 * Remove any recorded regions beyond
755 			 * start of variable
756 			 */
757 			removerecordregions(startloc);
758 			goto again;
759 		}
760 		apply_ifs = 0;
761 		break;
762 
763 	default:
764 		abort();
765 	}
766 
767 	if (apply_ifs)
768 		recordregion(startloc, expdest - stackblock(),
769 			     varflags & VSQUOTE);
770 
771 	if (subtype != VSNORMAL) {	/* skip to end of alternative */
772 		int nesting = 1;
773 		for (;;) {
774 			if ((c = *p++) == CTLESC)
775 				p++;
776 			else if (c == CTLBACKQ || c == (CTLBACKQ|CTLQUOTE)) {
777 				if (set)
778 					argbackq = argbackq->next;
779 			} else if (c == CTLVAR) {
780 				if ((*p++ & VSTYPE) != VSNORMAL)
781 					nesting++;
782 			} else if (c == CTLENDVAR) {
783 				if (--nesting == 0)
784 					break;
785 			}
786 		}
787 	}
788 	return p;
789 }
790 
791 
792 
793 /*
794  * Test whether a specialized variable is set.
795  */
796 
797 STATIC int
798 varisset(char *name, int nulok)
799 {
800 	if (*name == '!')
801 		return backgndpid != -1;
802 	else if (*name == '@' || *name == '*') {
803 		if (*shellparam.p == NULL)
804 			return 0;
805 
806 		if (nulok) {
807 			char **av;
808 
809 			for (av = shellparam.p; *av; av++)
810 				if (**av != '\0')
811 					return 1;
812 			return 0;
813 		}
814 	} else if (is_digit(*name)) {
815 		char *ap;
816 		int num = atoi(name);
817 
818 		if (num > shellparam.nparam)
819 			return 0;
820 
821 		if (num == 0)
822 			ap = arg0;
823 		else
824 			ap = shellparam.p[num - 1];
825 
826 		if (nulok && (ap == NULL || *ap == '\0'))
827 			return 0;
828 	}
829 	return 1;
830 }
831 
832 
833 
834 /*
835  * Add the value of a specialized variable to the stack string.
836  */
837 
838 STATIC void
839 varvalue(char *name, int quoted, int subtype, int flag)
840 {
841 	int num;
842 	char *p;
843 	int i;
844 	char sep;
845 	char **ap;
846 	char const *syntax;
847 
848 #define STRTODEST(p) \
849 	do {\
850 	if (flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE) && subtype != VSLENGTH) { \
851 		syntax = quoted? DQSYNTAX : BASESYNTAX; \
852 		while (*p) { \
853 			if (syntax[(int)*p] == CCTL) \
854 				STPUTC(CTLESC, expdest); \
855 			STPUTC(*p++, expdest); \
856 		} \
857 	} else \
858 		while (*p) \
859 			STPUTC(*p++, expdest); \
860 	} while (0)
861 
862 
863 	switch (*name) {
864 	case '$':
865 		num = rootpid;
866 		goto numvar;
867 	case '?':
868 		num = exitstatus;
869 		goto numvar;
870 	case '#':
871 		num = shellparam.nparam;
872 		goto numvar;
873 	case '!':
874 		num = backgndpid;
875 numvar:
876 		expdest = cvtnum(num, expdest);
877 		break;
878 	case '-':
879 		for (i = 0; optlist[i].name; i++) {
880 			if (optlist[i].val && optlist[i].letter)
881 				STPUTC(optlist[i].letter, expdest);
882 		}
883 		break;
884 	case '@':
885 		if (flag & EXP_FULL && quoted) {
886 			for (ap = shellparam.p ; (p = *ap++) != NULL ; ) {
887 				STRTODEST(p);
888 				if (*ap)
889 					/* A NUL separates args inside "" */
890 					STPUTC('\0', expdest);
891 			}
892 			break;
893 		}
894 		/* fall through */
895 	case '*':
896 		if (ifsset() != 0)
897 			sep = ifsval()[0];
898 		else
899 			sep = ' ';
900 		for (ap = shellparam.p ; (p = *ap++) != NULL ; ) {
901 			STRTODEST(p);
902 			if (*ap && sep)
903 				STPUTC(sep, expdest);
904 		}
905 		break;
906 	case '0':
907 		p = arg0;
908 		STRTODEST(p);
909 		break;
910 	default:
911 		if (is_digit(*name)) {
912 			num = atoi(name);
913 			if (num > 0 && num <= shellparam.nparam) {
914 				p = shellparam.p[num - 1];
915 				STRTODEST(p);
916 			}
917 		}
918 		break;
919 	}
920 }
921 
922 
923 
924 /*
925  * Record the fact that we have to scan this region of the
926  * string for IFS characters.
927  */
928 
929 STATIC void
930 recordregion(int start, int end, int inquotes)
931 {
932 	struct ifsregion *ifsp;
933 
934 	if (ifslastp == NULL) {
935 		ifsp = &ifsfirst;
936 	} else {
937 		if (ifslastp->endoff == start
938 		    && ifslastp->inquotes == inquotes) {
939 			/* extend previous area */
940 			ifslastp->endoff = end;
941 			return;
942 		}
943 		ifsp = (struct ifsregion *)ckmalloc(sizeof (struct ifsregion));
944 		ifslastp->next = ifsp;
945 	}
946 	ifslastp = ifsp;
947 	ifslastp->next = NULL;
948 	ifslastp->begoff = start;
949 	ifslastp->endoff = end;
950 	ifslastp->inquotes = inquotes;
951 }
952 
953 
954 
955 /*
956  * Break the argument string into pieces based upon IFS and add the
957  * strings to the argument list.  The regions of the string to be
958  * searched for IFS characters have been stored by recordregion.
959  */
960 STATIC void
961 ifsbreakup(char *string, struct arglist *arglist)
962 {
963 	struct ifsregion *ifsp;
964 	struct strlist *sp;
965 	char *start;
966 	char *p;
967 	char *q;
968 	const char *ifs;
969 	const char *ifsspc;
970 	int had_param_ch = 0;
971 
972 	start = string;
973 
974 	if (ifslastp == NULL) {
975 		/* Return entire argument, IFS doesn't apply to any of it */
976 		sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
977 		sp->text = start;
978 		*arglist->lastp = sp;
979 		arglist->lastp = &sp->next;
980 		return;
981 	}
982 
983 	ifs = ifsset() ? ifsval() : " \t\n";
984 
985 	for (ifsp = &ifsfirst; ifsp != NULL; ifsp = ifsp->next) {
986 		p = string + ifsp->begoff;
987 		while (p < string + ifsp->endoff) {
988 			had_param_ch = 1;
989 			q = p;
990 			if (*p == CTLESC)
991 				p++;
992 			if (ifsp->inquotes) {
993 				/* Only NULs (should be from "$@") end args */
994 				if (*p != 0) {
995 					p++;
996 					continue;
997 				}
998 				ifsspc = NULL;
999 			} else {
1000 				if (!strchr(ifs, *p)) {
1001 					p++;
1002 					continue;
1003 				}
1004 				had_param_ch = 0;
1005 				ifsspc = strchr(" \t\n", *p);
1006 
1007 				/* Ignore IFS whitespace at start */
1008 				if (q == start && ifsspc != NULL) {
1009 					p++;
1010 					start = p;
1011 					continue;
1012 				}
1013 			}
1014 
1015 			/* Save this argument... */
1016 			*q = '\0';
1017 			sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
1018 			sp->text = start;
1019 			*arglist->lastp = sp;
1020 			arglist->lastp = &sp->next;
1021 			p++;
1022 
1023 			if (ifsspc != NULL) {
1024 				/* Ignore further trailing IFS whitespace */
1025 				for (; p < string + ifsp->endoff; p++) {
1026 					q = p;
1027 					if (*p == CTLESC)
1028 						p++;
1029 					if (strchr(ifs, *p) == NULL) {
1030 						p = q;
1031 						break;
1032 					}
1033 					if (strchr(" \t\n", *p) == NULL) {
1034 						p++;
1035 						break;
1036 					}
1037 				}
1038 			}
1039 			start = p;
1040 		}
1041 	}
1042 
1043 	/*
1044 	 * Save anything left as an argument.
1045 	 * Traditionally we have treated 'IFS=':'; set -- x$IFS' as
1046 	 * generating 2 arguments, the second of which is empty.
1047 	 * Some recent clarification of the Posix spec say that it
1048 	 * should only generate one....
1049 	 */
1050 	if (had_param_ch || *start != 0) {
1051 		sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
1052 		sp->text = start;
1053 		*arglist->lastp = sp;
1054 		arglist->lastp = &sp->next;
1055 	}
1056 }
1057 
1058 STATIC void
1059 ifsfree(void)
1060 {
1061 	while (ifsfirst.next != NULL) {
1062 		struct ifsregion *ifsp;
1063 		INTOFF;
1064 		ifsp = ifsfirst.next->next;
1065 		ckfree(ifsfirst.next);
1066 		ifsfirst.next = ifsp;
1067 		INTON;
1068 	}
1069 	ifslastp = NULL;
1070 	ifsfirst.next = NULL;
1071 }
1072 
1073 
1074 
1075 /*
1076  * Expand shell metacharacters.  At this point, the only control characters
1077  * should be escapes.  The results are stored in the list exparg.
1078  */
1079 
1080 char *expdir;
1081 
1082 
1083 STATIC void
1084 expandmeta(struct strlist *str, int flag)
1085 {
1086 	char *p;
1087 	struct strlist **savelastp;
1088 	struct strlist *sp;
1089 	char c;
1090 	/* TODO - EXP_REDIR */
1091 
1092 	while (str) {
1093 		if (fflag)
1094 			goto nometa;
1095 		p = str->text;
1096 		for (;;) {			/* fast check for meta chars */
1097 			if ((c = *p++) == '\0')
1098 				goto nometa;
1099 			if (c == '*' || c == '?' || c == '[' || c == '!')
1100 				break;
1101 		}
1102 		savelastp = exparg.lastp;
1103 		INTOFF;
1104 		if (expdir == NULL) {
1105 			int i = strlen(str->text);
1106 			expdir = ckmalloc(i < 2048 ? 2048 : i); /* XXX */
1107 		}
1108 
1109 		expmeta(expdir, str->text);
1110 		ckfree(expdir);
1111 		expdir = NULL;
1112 		INTON;
1113 		if (exparg.lastp == savelastp) {
1114 			/*
1115 			 * no matches
1116 			 */
1117 nometa:
1118 			*exparg.lastp = str;
1119 			rmescapes(str->text);
1120 			exparg.lastp = &str->next;
1121 		} else {
1122 			*exparg.lastp = NULL;
1123 			*savelastp = sp = expsort(*savelastp);
1124 			while (sp->next != NULL)
1125 				sp = sp->next;
1126 			exparg.lastp = &sp->next;
1127 		}
1128 		str = str->next;
1129 	}
1130 }
1131 
1132 
1133 /*
1134  * Do metacharacter (i.e. *, ?, [...]) expansion.
1135  */
1136 
1137 STATIC void
1138 expmeta(char *enddir, char *name)
1139 {
1140 	char *p;
1141 	const char *cp;
1142 	char *q;
1143 	char *start;
1144 	char *endname;
1145 	int metaflag;
1146 	struct stat statb;
1147 	DIR *dirp;
1148 	struct dirent *dp;
1149 	int atend;
1150 	int matchdot;
1151 
1152 	metaflag = 0;
1153 	start = name;
1154 	for (p = name ; ; p++) {
1155 		if (*p == '*' || *p == '?')
1156 			metaflag = 1;
1157 		else if (*p == '[') {
1158 			q = p + 1;
1159 			if (*q == '!')
1160 				q++;
1161 			for (;;) {
1162 				while (*q == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1163 					q++;
1164 				if (*q == CTLESC)
1165 					q++;
1166 				if (*q == '/' || *q == '\0')
1167 					break;
1168 				if (*++q == ']') {
1169 					metaflag = 1;
1170 					break;
1171 				}
1172 			}
1173 		} else if (*p == '!' && p[1] == '!'	&& (p == name || p[-1] == '/')) {
1174 			metaflag = 1;
1175 		} else if (*p == '\0')
1176 			break;
1177 		else if (*p == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1178 			continue;
1179 		else if (*p == CTLESC)
1180 			p++;
1181 		if (*p == '/') {
1182 			if (metaflag)
1183 				break;
1184 			start = p + 1;
1185 		}
1186 	}
1187 	if (metaflag == 0) {	/* we've reached the end of the file name */
1188 		if (enddir != expdir)
1189 			metaflag++;
1190 		for (p = name ; ; p++) {
1191 			if (*p == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1192 				continue;
1193 			if (*p == CTLESC)
1194 				p++;
1195 			*enddir++ = *p;
1196 			if (*p == '\0')
1197 				break;
1198 		}
1199 		if (metaflag == 0 || lstat(expdir, &statb) >= 0)
1200 			addfname(expdir);
1201 		return;
1202 	}
1203 	endname = p;
1204 	if (start != name) {
1205 		p = name;
1206 		while (p < start) {
1207 			while (*p == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1208 				p++;
1209 			if (*p == CTLESC)
1210 				p++;
1211 			*enddir++ = *p++;
1212 		}
1213 	}
1214 	if (enddir == expdir) {
1215 		cp = ".";
1216 	} else if (enddir == expdir + 1 && *expdir == '/') {
1217 		cp = "/";
1218 	} else {
1219 		cp = expdir;
1220 		enddir[-1] = '\0';
1221 	}
1222 	if ((dirp = opendir(cp)) == NULL)
1223 		return;
1224 	if (enddir != expdir)
1225 		enddir[-1] = '/';
1226 	if (*endname == 0) {
1227 		atend = 1;
1228 	} else {
1229 		atend = 0;
1230 		*endname++ = '\0';
1231 	}
1232 	matchdot = 0;
1233 	p = start;
1234 	while (*p == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1235 		p++;
1236 	if (*p == CTLESC)
1237 		p++;
1238 	if (*p == '.')
1239 		matchdot++;
1240 	while (! int_pending() && (dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
1241 		if (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && ! matchdot)
1242 			continue;
1243 		if (patmatch(start, dp->d_name, 0)) {
1244 			if (atend) {
1245 				scopy(dp->d_name, enddir);
1246 				addfname(expdir);
1247 			} else {
1248 				for (p = enddir, cp = dp->d_name;
1249 				     (*p++ = *cp++) != '\0';)
1250 					continue;
1251 				p[-1] = '/';
1252 				expmeta(p, endname);
1253 			}
1254 		}
1255 	}
1256 	closedir(dirp);
1257 	if (! atend)
1258 		endname[-1] = '/';
1259 }
1260 
1261 
1262 /*
1263  * Add a file name to the list.
1264  */
1265 
1266 STATIC void
1267 addfname(char *name)
1268 {
1269 	char *p;
1270 	struct strlist *sp;
1271 
1272 	p = stalloc(strlen(name) + 1);
1273 	scopy(name, p);
1274 	sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
1275 	sp->text = p;
1276 	*exparg.lastp = sp;
1277 	exparg.lastp = &sp->next;
1278 }
1279 
1280 
1281 /*
1282  * Sort the results of file name expansion.  It calculates the number of
1283  * strings to sort and then calls msort (short for merge sort) to do the
1284  * work.
1285  */
1286 
1287 STATIC struct strlist *
1288 expsort(struct strlist *str)
1289 {
1290 	int len;
1291 	struct strlist *sp;
1292 
1293 	len = 0;
1294 	for (sp = str ; sp ; sp = sp->next)
1295 		len++;
1296 	return msort(str, len);
1297 }
1298 
1299 
1300 STATIC struct strlist *
1301 msort(struct strlist *list, int len)
1302 {
1303 	struct strlist *p, *q = NULL;
1304 	struct strlist **lpp;
1305 	int half;
1306 	int n;
1307 
1308 	if (len <= 1)
1309 		return list;
1310 	half = len >> 1;
1311 	p = list;
1312 	for (n = half ; --n >= 0 ; ) {
1313 		q = p;
1314 		p = p->next;
1315 	}
1316 	q->next = NULL;			/* terminate first half of list */
1317 	q = msort(list, half);		/* sort first half of list */
1318 	p = msort(p, len - half);		/* sort second half */
1319 	lpp = &list;
1320 	for (;;) {
1321 		if (strcmp(p->text, q->text) < 0) {
1322 			*lpp = p;
1323 			lpp = &p->next;
1324 			if ((p = *lpp) == NULL) {
1325 				*lpp = q;
1326 				break;
1327 			}
1328 		} else {
1329 			*lpp = q;
1330 			lpp = &q->next;
1331 			if ((q = *lpp) == NULL) {
1332 				*lpp = p;
1333 				break;
1334 			}
1335 		}
1336 	}
1337 	return list;
1338 }
1339 
1340 
1341 
1342 /*
1343  * Returns true if the pattern matches the string.
1344  */
1345 
1346 int
1347 patmatch(char *pattern, char *string, int squoted)
1348 {
1349 #ifdef notdef
1350 	if (pattern[0] == '!' && pattern[1] == '!')
1351 		return 1 - pmatch(pattern + 2, string);
1352 	else
1353 #endif
1354 		return pmatch(pattern, string, squoted);
1355 }
1356 
1357 
1358 STATIC int
1359 pmatch(char *pattern, char *string, int squoted)
1360 {
1361 	char *p, *q;
1362 	char c;
1363 
1364 	p = pattern;
1365 	q = string;
1366 	for (;;) {
1367 		switch (c = *p++) {
1368 		case '\0':
1369 			goto breakloop;
1370 		case CTLESC:
1371 			if (squoted && *q == CTLESC)
1372 				q++;
1373 			if (*q++ != *p++)
1374 				return 0;
1375 			break;
1376 		case CTLQUOTEMARK:
1377 			continue;
1378 		case '?':
1379 			if (squoted && *q == CTLESC)
1380 				q++;
1381 			if (*q++ == '\0')
1382 				return 0;
1383 			break;
1384 		case '*':
1385 			c = *p;
1386 			while (c == CTLQUOTEMARK || c == '*')
1387 				c = *++p;
1388 			if (c != CTLESC &&  c != CTLQUOTEMARK &&
1389 			    c != '?' && c != '*' && c != '[') {
1390 				while (*q != c) {
1391 					if (squoted && *q == CTLESC &&
1392 					    q[1] == c)
1393 						break;
1394 					if (*q == '\0')
1395 						return 0;
1396 					if (squoted && *q == CTLESC)
1397 						q++;
1398 					q++;
1399 				}
1400 			}
1401 			do {
1402 				if (pmatch(p, q, squoted))
1403 					return 1;
1404 				if (squoted && *q == CTLESC)
1405 					q++;
1406 			} while (*q++ != '\0');
1407 			return 0;
1408 		case '[': {
1409 			char *endp;
1410 			int invert, found;
1411 			char chr;
1412 
1413 			endp = p;
1414 			if (*endp == '!')
1415 				endp++;
1416 			for (;;) {
1417 				while (*endp == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1418 					endp++;
1419 				if (*endp == '\0')
1420 					goto dft;		/* no matching ] */
1421 				if (*endp == CTLESC)
1422 					endp++;
1423 				if (*++endp == ']')
1424 					break;
1425 			}
1426 			invert = 0;
1427 			if (*p == '!') {
1428 				invert++;
1429 				p++;
1430 			}
1431 			found = 0;
1432 			chr = *q++;
1433 			if (squoted && chr == CTLESC)
1434 				chr = *q++;
1435 			if (chr == '\0')
1436 				return 0;
1437 			c = *p++;
1438 			do {
1439 				if (c == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1440 					continue;
1441 				if (c == CTLESC)
1442 					c = *p++;
1443 				if (*p == '-' && p[1] != ']') {
1444 					p++;
1445 					while (*p == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1446 						p++;
1447 					if (*p == CTLESC)
1448 						p++;
1449 					if (chr >= c && chr <= *p)
1450 						found = 1;
1451 					p++;
1452 				} else {
1453 					if (chr == c)
1454 						found = 1;
1455 				}
1456 			} while ((c = *p++) != ']');
1457 			if (found == invert)
1458 				return 0;
1459 			break;
1460 		}
1461 dft:	        default:
1462 			if (squoted && *q == CTLESC)
1463 				q++;
1464 			if (*q++ != c)
1465 				return 0;
1466 			break;
1467 		}
1468 	}
1469 breakloop:
1470 	if (*q != '\0')
1471 		return 0;
1472 	return 1;
1473 }
1474 
1475 
1476 
1477 /*
1478  * Remove any CTLESC characters from a string.
1479  */
1480 
1481 void
1482 rmescapes(char *str)
1483 {
1484 	char *p, *q;
1485 
1486 	p = str;
1487 	while (*p != CTLESC && *p != CTLQUOTEMARK) {
1488 		if (*p++ == '\0')
1489 			return;
1490 	}
1491 	q = p;
1492 	while (*p) {
1493 		if (*p == CTLQUOTEMARK) {
1494 			p++;
1495 			continue;
1496 		}
1497 		if (*p == CTLESC)
1498 			p++;
1499 		*q++ = *p++;
1500 	}
1501 	*q = '\0';
1502 }
1503 
1504 
1505 
1506 /*
1507  * See if a pattern matches in a case statement.
1508  */
1509 
1510 int
1511 casematch(union node *pattern, char *val)
1512 {
1513 	struct stackmark smark;
1514 	int result;
1515 	char *p;
1516 
1517 	setstackmark(&smark);
1518 	argbackq = pattern->narg.backquote;
1519 	STARTSTACKSTR(expdest);
1520 	ifslastp = NULL;
1521 	argstr(pattern->narg.text, EXP_TILDE | EXP_CASE);
1522 	STPUTC('\0', expdest);
1523 	p = grabstackstr(expdest);
1524 	result = patmatch(p, val, 0);
1525 	popstackmark(&smark);
1526 	return result;
1527 }
1528 
1529 /*
1530  * Our own itoa().
1531  */
1532 
1533 STATIC char *
1534 cvtnum(int num, char *buf)
1535 {
1536 	char temp[32];
1537 	int neg = num < 0;
1538 	char *p = temp + 31;
1539 
1540 	temp[31] = '\0';
1541 
1542 	do {
1543 		*--p = num % 10 + '0';
1544 	} while ((num /= 10) != 0);
1545 
1546 	if (neg)
1547 		*--p = '-';
1548 
1549 	while (*p)
1550 		STPUTC(*p++, buf);
1551 	return buf;
1552 }
1553 
1554 /*
1555  * Do most of the work for wordexp(3).
1556  */
1557 
1558 int
1559 wordexpcmd(int argc, char **argv)
1560 {
1561 	size_t len;
1562 	int i;
1563 
1564 	out1fmt("%d", argc - 1);
1565 	out1c('\0');
1566 	for (i = 1, len = 0; i < argc; i++)
1567 		len += strlen(argv[i]);
1568 	out1fmt("%zd", len);
1569 	out1c('\0');
1570 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
1571 		out1str(argv[i]);
1572 		out1c('\0');
1573 	}
1574 	return (0);
1575 }
1576