xref: /netbsd-src/bin/sh/eval.c (revision 345cf9fb81bd0411c53e25d62cd93bdcaa865312)
1 /*	$NetBSD: eval.c,v 1.191 2023/12/25 04:52:38 kre Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Kenneth Almquist.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)eval.c	8.9 (Berkeley) 6/8/95";
39 #else
40 __RCSID("$NetBSD: eval.c,v 1.191 2023/12/25 04:52:38 kre Exp $");
41 #endif
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 
44 #include <stdbool.h>
45 #include <stdlib.h>
46 #include <signal.h>
47 #include <stdio.h>
48 #include <string.h>
49 #include <errno.h>
50 #include <limits.h>
51 #include <unistd.h>
52 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
53 #include <sys/stat.h>
54 #include <sys/times.h>
55 #include <sys/param.h>
56 #include <sys/types.h>
57 #include <sys/wait.h>
58 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
59 
60 /*
61  * Evaluate a command.
62  */
63 
64 #include "shell.h"
65 #include "nodes.h"
66 #include "syntax.h"
67 #include "expand.h"
68 #include "parser.h"
69 #include "jobs.h"
70 #include "eval.h"
71 #include "builtins.h"
72 #include "options.h"
73 #include "exec.h"
74 #include "redir.h"
75 #include "input.h"
76 #include "output.h"
77 #include "trap.h"
78 #include "var.h"
79 #include "memalloc.h"
80 #include "error.h"
81 #include "show.h"
82 #include "mystring.h"
83 #include "main.h"
84 #ifndef SMALL
85 #include "nodenames.h"
86 #include "myhistedit.h"
87 #endif
88 
89 
90 STATIC struct skipsave s_k_i_p;
91 #define	evalskip	(s_k_i_p.state)
92 #define	skipcount	(s_k_i_p.count)
93 
94 STATIC int loopnest;		/* current loop nesting level */
95 STATIC int funcnest;		/* depth of function calls */
96 STATIC int builtin_flags;	/* evalcommand flags for builtins */
97 /*
98  * Base function nesting level inside a dot command.  Set to 0 initially
99  * and to (funcnest + 1) before every dot command to enable
100  *   1) detection of being in a file sourced by a dot command and
101  *   2) counting of function nesting in that file for the implementation
102  *      of the return command.
103  * The value is reset to its previous value after the dot command.
104  */
105 STATIC int dot_funcnest;
106 
107 
108 const char *commandname;
109 struct strlist *cmdenviron;
110 int exitstatus;			/* exit status of last command */
111 int back_exitstatus;		/* exit status of backquoted command */
112 
113 
114 STATIC void evalloop(union node *, int);
115 STATIC void evalfor(union node *, int);
116 STATIC void evalcase(union node *, int);
117 STATIC void evalsubshell(union node *, int);
118 STATIC void expredir(union node *);
119 STATIC void evalredir(union node *, int);
120 STATIC void evalpipe(union node *);
121 STATIC void evalcommand(union node *, int, struct backcmd *);
122 STATIC void prehash(union node *);
123 
124 STATIC char *find_dot_file(char *);
125 
126 /*
127  * Called to reset things after an exception.
128  */
129 
130 #ifdef mkinit
131 INCLUDE "eval.h"
132 
133 RESET {
134 	reset_eval();
135 }
136 
137 SHELLPROC {
138 	exitstatus = 0;
139 }
140 #endif
141 
142 void
143 reset_eval(void)
144 {
145 	evalskip = SKIPNONE;
146 	dot_funcnest = 0;
147 	loopnest = 0;
148 	funcnest = 0;
149 }
150 
151 static int
152 sh_pipe(int fds[2])
153 {
154 	int nfd;
155 
156 	if (pipe(fds))
157 		return -1;
158 
159 	if (fds[0] < 3) {
160 		nfd = fcntl(fds[0], F_DUPFD, 3);
161 		if (nfd != -1) {
162 			close(fds[0]);
163 			fds[0] = nfd;
164 		}
165 	}
166 
167 	if (fds[1] < 3) {
168 		nfd = fcntl(fds[1], F_DUPFD, 3);
169 		if (nfd != -1) {
170 			close(fds[1]);
171 			fds[1] = nfd;
172 		}
173 	}
174 	return 0;
175 }
176 
177 
178 /*
179  * The eval command.
180  */
181 
182 int
183 evalcmd(int argc, char **argv)
184 {
185 	char *p;
186 	char *concat;
187 	char **ap;
188 
189 	if (argc > 1) {
190 		p = argv[1];
191 		if (argc > 2) {
192 			STARTSTACKSTR(concat);
193 			ap = argv + 2;
194 			for (;;) {
195 				while (*p)
196 					STPUTC(*p++, concat);
197 				if ((p = *ap++) == NULL)
198 					break;
199 				STPUTC(' ', concat);
200 			}
201 			STPUTC('\0', concat);
202 			p = grabstackstr(concat);
203 		}
204 		evalstring(p, builtin_flags & EV_TESTED);
205 	} else
206 		exitstatus = 0;
207 	return exitstatus;
208 }
209 
210 
211 /*
212  * Execute a command or commands contained in a string.
213  */
214 
215 void
216 evalstring(char *s, int flag)
217 {
218 	union node *n;
219 	struct stackmark smark;
220 	int last;
221 	int any;
222 
223 	last = flag & EV_EXIT;
224 	flag &= ~EV_EXIT;
225 
226 	setstackmark(&smark);
227 	setinputstring(s, 1, line_number);
228 
229 	any = 0;	/* to determine if exitstatus will have been set */
230 	while ((n = parsecmd(0)) != NEOF) {
231 		XTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evalstring: "), showtree(n));
232 		if (n && nflag == 0) {
233 			if (last && at_eof())
234 				evaltree(n, flag | EV_EXIT);
235 			else
236 				evaltree(n, flag);
237 			any = 1;
238 			if (evalskip)
239 				break;
240 		}
241 		rststackmark(&smark);
242 	}
243 	popfile();
244 	popstackmark(&smark);
245 	if (!any)
246 		exitstatus = 0;
247 	if (last)
248 		exraise(EXEXIT);
249 }
250 
251 
252 
253 /*
254  * Evaluate a parse tree.  The value is left in the global variable
255  * exitstatus.
256  */
257 
258 void
259 evaltree(union node *n, int flags)
260 {
261 	bool do_etest;
262 	int sflags = flags & ~EV_EXIT;
263 	union node *next;
264 	struct stackmark smark;
265 
266 	do_etest = false;
267 	if (n == NULL || nflag) {
268 		VTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evaltree(%s) called\n",
269 		    n == NULL ? "NULL" : "-n"));
270 		if (nflag == 0)
271 			exitstatus = 0;
272 		goto out2;
273 	}
274 
275 	setstackmark(&smark);
276 	do {
277 #ifndef SMALL
278 		displayhist = 1; /* show history substitutions done with fc */
279 #endif
280 		next = NULL;
281 		CTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("pid %d, evaltree(%p: %s(%d), %#x) called\n",
282 		    getpid(), n, NODETYPENAME(n->type), n->type, flags));
283 	/*
284 		if (n->type != NCMD && traps_invalid)
285 			free_traps();
286 	*/
287 		switch (n->type) {
288 		case NSEMI:
289 			evaltree(n->nbinary.ch1, sflags);
290 			if (nflag || evalskip)
291 				goto out1;
292 			next = n->nbinary.ch2;
293 			break;
294 		case NAND:
295 			evaltree(n->nbinary.ch1, EV_TESTED);
296 			if (nflag || evalskip || exitstatus != 0)
297 				goto out1;
298 			next = n->nbinary.ch2;
299 			break;
300 		case NOR:
301 			evaltree(n->nbinary.ch1, EV_TESTED);
302 			if (nflag || evalskip || exitstatus == 0)
303 				goto out1;
304 			next = n->nbinary.ch2;
305 			break;
306 		case NREDIR:
307 			if (traps_invalid)
308 				free_traps();
309 			evalredir(n, flags);
310 			break;
311 		case NSUBSHELL:
312 			evalsubshell(n, flags);
313 			do_etest = !(flags & EV_TESTED);
314 			break;
315 		case NBACKGND:
316 			if (traps_invalid)
317 				free_traps();
318 			evalsubshell(n, flags);
319 			break;
320 		case NIF: {
321 			if (traps_invalid)
322 				free_traps();
323 			evaltree(n->nif.test, EV_TESTED);
324 			if (nflag || evalskip)
325 				goto out1;
326 			if (exitstatus == 0)
327 				next = n->nif.ifpart;
328 			else if (n->nif.elsepart)
329 				next = n->nif.elsepart;
330 			else
331 				exitstatus = 0;
332 			break;
333 		}
334 		case NWHILE:
335 		case NUNTIL:
336 			if (traps_invalid)
337 				free_traps();
338 			evalloop(n, sflags);
339 			break;
340 		case NFOR:
341 			if (traps_invalid)
342 				free_traps();
343 			evalfor(n, sflags);
344 			break;
345 		case NCASE:
346 			if (traps_invalid)
347 				free_traps();
348 			evalcase(n, sflags);
349 			break;
350 		case NDEFUN:
351 			if (traps_invalid)
352 				free_traps();
353 			CTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("Defining fn %s @%d%s\n",
354 			    n->narg.text, n->narg.lineno,
355 			    fnline1 ? " LINENO=1" : ""));
356 			defun(n->narg.text, n->narg.next, n->narg.lineno);
357 			exitstatus = 0;
358 			break;
359 		case NNOT:
360 			evaltree(n->nnot.com, EV_TESTED);
361 			exitstatus = !exitstatus;
362 			break;
363 		case NDNOT:
364 			evaltree(n->nnot.com, EV_TESTED);
365 			if (exitstatus != 0)
366 				exitstatus = 1;
367 			break;
368 		case NPIPE:
369 			if (traps_invalid)
370 				free_traps();
371 			evalpipe(n);
372 			do_etest = !(flags & EV_TESTED);
373 			break;
374 		case NCMD:
375 			evalcommand(n, flags, NULL);
376 			do_etest = !(flags & EV_TESTED);
377 			break;
378 		default:
379 #ifdef NODETYPENAME
380 			out1fmt("Node type = %d(%s)\n",
381 				n->type, NODETYPENAME(n->type));
382 #else
383 			out1fmt("Node type = %d\n", n->type);
384 #endif
385 			flushout(&output);
386 			break;
387 		}
388 		n = next;
389 		rststackmark(&smark);
390 	} while(n != NULL);
391  out1:
392 	popstackmark(&smark);
393  out2:
394 	if (pendingsigs)
395 		dotrap();
396 	if (eflag && exitstatus != 0 && do_etest)
397 		exitshell(exitstatus);
398 	if (flags & EV_EXIT)
399 		exraise(EXEXIT);
400 }
401 
402 
403 STATIC void
404 evalloop(union node *n, int flags)
405 {
406 	int status;
407 
408 	loopnest++;
409 	status = 0;
410 
411 	CTRACE(DBG_EVAL,  ("evalloop %s:", NODETYPENAME(n->type)));
412 	VXTRACE(DBG_EVAL, (" "), showtree(n->nbinary.ch1));
413 	VXTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evalloop    do: "), showtree(n->nbinary.ch2));
414 	VTRACE(DBG_EVAL,  ("evalloop  done\n"));
415 	CTRACE(DBG_EVAL,  ("\n"));
416 
417 	for (;;) {
418 		evaltree(n->nbinary.ch1, EV_TESTED);
419 		if (nflag)
420 			break;
421 		if (evalskip) {
422  skipping:		if (evalskip == SKIPCONT && --skipcount <= 0) {
423 				evalskip = SKIPNONE;
424 				continue;
425 			}
426 			if (evalskip == SKIPBREAK && --skipcount <= 0)
427 				evalskip = SKIPNONE;
428 			if (evalskip == SKIPFUNC || evalskip == SKIPFILE)
429 				status = exitstatus;
430 			break;
431 		}
432 		if (n->type == NWHILE) {
433 			if (exitstatus != 0)
434 				break;
435 		} else {
436 			if (exitstatus == 0)
437 				break;
438 		}
439 		evaltree(n->nbinary.ch2, flags & EV_TESTED);
440 		status = exitstatus;
441 		if (evalskip)
442 			goto skipping;
443 	}
444 	loopnest--;
445 	exitstatus = status;
446 }
447 
448 
449 
450 STATIC void
451 evalfor(union node *n, int flags)
452 {
453 	struct arglist arglist;
454 	union node *argp;
455 	struct strlist *sp;
456 	struct stackmark smark;
457 	int status;
458 
459 	status = nflag ? exitstatus : 0;
460 
461 	setstackmark(&smark);
462 	arglist.lastp = &arglist.list;
463 	for (argp = n->nfor.args ; argp ; argp = argp->narg.next) {
464 		expandarg(argp, &arglist, EXP_FULL | EXP_TILDE);
465 		if (evalskip)
466 			goto out;
467 	}
468 	*arglist.lastp = NULL;
469 
470 	loopnest++;
471 	for (sp = arglist.list ; sp ; sp = sp->next) {
472 		line_number = n->nfor.lineno;
473 		if (xflag) {
474 			outxstr(expandstr(ps4val(), line_number));
475 			outxstr("for ");
476 			outxstr(n->nfor.var);
477 			outxc('=');
478 			outxshstr(sp->text);
479 			outxc('\n');
480 			flushout(outx);
481 		}
482 
483 		setvar(n->nfor.var, sp->text, 0);
484 		evaltree(n->nfor.body, flags & EV_TESTED);
485 		status = exitstatus;
486 		if (nflag)
487 			break;
488 		if (evalskip) {
489 			if (evalskip == SKIPCONT && --skipcount <= 0) {
490 				evalskip = SKIPNONE;
491 				continue;
492 			}
493 			if (evalskip == SKIPBREAK && --skipcount <= 0)
494 				evalskip = SKIPNONE;
495 			break;
496 		}
497 	}
498 	loopnest--;
499 	exitstatus = status;
500  out:
501 	popstackmark(&smark);
502 }
503 
504 
505 
506 STATIC void
507 evalcase(union node *n, int flags)
508 {
509 	union node *cp, *ncp;
510 	union node *patp;
511 	struct arglist arglist;
512 	struct stackmark smark;
513 	int status = 0;
514 
515 	setstackmark(&smark);
516 	arglist.lastp = &arglist.list;
517 	line_number = n->ncase.lineno;
518 	expandarg(n->ncase.expr, &arglist, EXP_TILDE);
519 	for (cp = n->ncase.cases; cp && evalskip == 0; cp = cp->nclist.next) {
520 		for (patp = cp->nclist.pattern; patp; patp = patp->narg.next) {
521 			line_number = patp->narg.lineno;
522 			if (casematch(patp, arglist.list->text)) {
523 				while (cp != NULL && evalskip == 0 &&
524 				    nflag == 0) {
525 					if (cp->type == NCLISTCONT)
526 						ncp = cp->nclist.next;
527 					else
528 						ncp = NULL;
529 					line_number = cp->nclist.lineno;
530 					evaltree(cp->nclist.body, flags);
531 					status = exitstatus;
532 					cp = ncp;
533 				}
534 				goto out;
535 			}
536 		}
537 	}
538  out:
539 	exitstatus = status;
540 	popstackmark(&smark);
541 }
542 
543 
544 
545 /*
546  * Kick off a subshell to evaluate a tree.
547  */
548 
549 STATIC void
550 evalsubshell(union node *n, int flags)
551 {
552 	struct job *jp= NULL;
553 	int backgnd = (n->type == NBACKGND);
554 
555 	expredir(n->nredir.redirect);
556 	if (xflag && n->nredir.redirect) {
557 		union node *rn;
558 
559 		outxstr(expandstr(ps4val(), line_number));
560 		outxstr("using redirections:");
561 		for (rn = n->nredir.redirect; rn; rn = rn->nfile.next)
562 			(void) outredir(outx, rn, ' ');
563 		outxstr(" do subshell ("/*)*/);
564 		if (backgnd)
565 			outxstr(/*(*/") &");
566 		outxc('\n');
567 		flushout(outx);
568 	}
569 	INTOFF;
570 	if ((!backgnd && flags & EV_EXIT && !have_traps() && !anyjobs()) ||
571 	    forkshell(jp = makejob(n, 1), n, backgnd?FORK_BG:FORK_FG) == 0) {
572 		if (backgnd)
573 			flags &=~ EV_TESTED;
574 		INTON;
575 		redirect(n->nredir.redirect, REDIR_KEEP);
576 		evaltree(n->nredir.n, flags | EV_EXIT);   /* never returns */
577 	} else if (backgnd)
578 		exitstatus = 0;
579 	else
580 		exitstatus = waitforjob(jp);
581 	INTON;
582 
583 	if (!backgnd && xflag && n->nredir.redirect) {
584 		outxstr(expandstr(ps4val(), line_number));
585 		outxstr(/*(*/") done subshell\n");
586 		flushout(outx);
587 	}
588 }
589 
590 
591 
592 /*
593  * Compute the names of the files in a redirection list.
594  */
595 
596 STATIC void
597 expredir(union node *n)
598 {
599 	union node *redir;
600 
601 	for (redir = n ; redir ; redir = redir->nfile.next) {
602 		struct arglist fn;
603 
604 		fn.lastp = &fn.list;
605 		switch (redir->type) {
606 		case NFROMTO:
607 		case NFROM:
608 		case NTO:
609 		case NCLOBBER:
610 		case NAPPEND:
611 			expandarg(redir->nfile.fname, &fn, EXP_TILDE | EXP_REDIR);
612 			redir->nfile.expfname = fn.list->text;
613 			break;
614 		case NFROMFD:
615 		case NTOFD:
616 			if (redir->ndup.vname) {
617 				expandarg(redir->ndup.vname, &fn, EXP_TILDE | EXP_REDIR);
618 				fixredir(redir, fn.list->text, 1);
619 			}
620 			break;
621 		case NHERE:
622 			redir->nhere.text = redir->nhere.doc->narg.text;
623 			break;
624 		case NXHERE:
625 			redir->nhere.text = expandhere(redir->nhere.doc);
626 			break;
627 		}
628 	}
629 }
630 
631 /*
632  * Perform redirections for a compound command, and then do it (and restore)
633  */
634 STATIC void
635 evalredir(union node *n, int flags)
636 {
637 	struct jmploc jmploc;
638 	struct jmploc * const savehandler = handler;
639 	volatile int in_redirect = 1;
640 	const char * volatile PS4 = NULL;
641 
642 	expredir(n->nredir.redirect);
643 
644 	if (xflag && n->nredir.redirect) {
645 		union node *rn;
646 
647 		outxstr(PS4 = expandstr(ps4val(), line_number));
648 		outxstr("using redirections:");
649 		for (rn = n->nredir.redirect; rn != NULL; rn = rn->nfile.next)
650 			(void) outredir(outx, rn, ' ');
651 		outxstr(" do {\n");	/* } */
652 		flushout(outx);
653 	}
654 
655 	if (setjmp(jmploc.loc)) {
656 		int e;
657 
658 		handler = savehandler;
659 		e = exception;
660 		popredir();
661 		if (PS4 != NULL) {
662 			outxstr(PS4);
663 			/* { */ outxstr("} failed\n");
664 			flushout(outx);
665 		}
666 		if (e == EXERROR || e == EXEXEC) {
667 			if (in_redirect) {
668 				exitstatus = 2;
669 				return;
670 			}
671 		}
672 		longjmp(handler->loc, 1);
673 	} else {
674 		INTOFF;
675 		handler = &jmploc;
676 		redirect(n->nredir.redirect, REDIR_PUSH | REDIR_KEEP);
677 		in_redirect = 0;
678 		INTON;
679 		evaltree(n->nredir.n, flags);
680 	}
681 	INTOFF;
682 	handler = savehandler;
683 	popredir();
684 	INTON;
685 
686 	if (PS4 != NULL) {
687 		outxstr(PS4);
688 		/* { */ outxstr("} done\n");
689 		flushout(outx);
690 	}
691 }
692 
693 
694 /*
695  * Evaluate a pipeline.  All the processes in the pipeline are children
696  * of the process creating the pipeline.  (This differs from some versions
697  * of the shell, which make the last process in a pipeline the parent
698  * of all the rest.)
699  */
700 
701 STATIC void
702 evalpipe(union node *n)
703 {
704 	struct job *jp;
705 	struct nodelist *lp;
706 	int pipelen;
707 	int prevfd;
708 	int pip[2];
709 
710 	CTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evalpipe(%p) called\n", n));
711 	pipelen = 0;
712 	for (lp = n->npipe.cmdlist ; lp ; lp = lp->next)
713 		pipelen++;
714 	INTOFF;
715 	jp = makejob(n, pipelen);
716 	prevfd = -1;
717 	for (lp = n->npipe.cmdlist ; lp ; lp = lp->next) {
718 		prehash(lp->n);
719 		pip[1] = -1;
720 		if (lp->next) {
721 			if (sh_pipe(pip) < 0) {
722 				if (prevfd >= 0)
723 					close(prevfd);
724 				error("Pipe call failed: %s", strerror(errno));
725 			}
726 		}
727 		if (forkshell(jp, lp->n,
728 		    n->npipe.backgnd ? FORK_BG : FORK_FG) == 0) {
729 			INTON;
730 			if (prevfd > 0)
731 				movefd(prevfd, 0);
732 			if (pip[1] >= 0) {
733 				close(pip[0]);
734 				movefd(pip[1], 1);
735 			}
736 			evaltree(lp->n, EV_EXIT);
737 		}
738 		if (prevfd >= 0)
739 			close(prevfd);
740 		prevfd = pip[0];
741 		close(pip[1]);
742 	}
743 	if (n->npipe.backgnd == 0) {
744 		exitstatus = waitforjob(jp);
745 		CTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evalpipe:  job done exit status %d\n",
746 		    exitstatus));
747 	} else
748 		exitstatus = 0;
749 	INTON;
750 }
751 
752 
753 
754 /*
755  * Execute a command inside back quotes.  If it's a builtin command, we
756  * want to save its output in a block obtained from malloc.  Otherwise
757  * we fork off a subprocess and get the output of the command via a pipe.
758  * Should be called with interrupts off.
759  */
760 
761 void
762 evalbackcmd(union node *n, struct backcmd *result)
763 {
764 	int pip[2];
765 	struct job *jp;
766 	struct stackmark smark;		/* unnecessary (because we fork) */
767 
768 	result->fd = -1;
769 	result->buf = NULL;
770 	result->nleft = 0;
771 	result->jp = NULL;
772 
773 	if (nflag || n == NULL)
774 		goto out;
775 
776 	setstackmark(&smark);
777 
778 #ifdef notyet
779 	/*
780 	 * For now we disable executing builtins in the same
781 	 * context as the shell, because we are not keeping
782 	 * enough state to recover from changes that are
783 	 * supposed only to affect subshells. eg. echo "`cd /`"
784 	 */
785 	if (n->type == NCMD) {
786 		exitstatus = oexitstatus;	/* XXX o... no longer exists */
787 		evalcommand(n, EV_BACKCMD, result);
788 	} else
789 #endif
790 	{
791 		INTOFF;
792 		if (sh_pipe(pip) < 0)
793 			error("Pipe call failed");
794 		jp = makejob(n, 1);
795 		if (forkshell(jp, n, FORK_NOJOB) == 0) {
796 			FORCEINTON;
797 			close(pip[0]);
798 			movefd(pip[1], 1);
799 			evaltree(n, EV_EXIT);
800 			/* NOTREACHED */
801 		}
802 		close(pip[1]);
803 		result->fd = pip[0];
804 		result->jp = jp;
805 		INTON;
806 	}
807 	popstackmark(&smark);
808  out:
809 	CTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evalbackcmd done: fd=%d buf=0x%x nleft=%d jp=0x%x\n",
810 		result->fd, result->buf, result->nleft, result->jp));
811 }
812 
813 const char *
814 syspath(void)
815 {
816 	static char *sys_path = NULL;
817 	static int mib[] = {CTL_USER, USER_CS_PATH};
818 	static char def_path[] = "PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin";
819 	size_t len;
820 
821 	if (sys_path == NULL) {
822 		if (sysctl(mib, 2, 0, &len, 0, 0) != -1 &&
823 		    (sys_path = ckmalloc(len + 5)) != NULL &&
824 		    sysctl(mib, 2, sys_path + 5, &len, 0, 0) != -1) {
825 			memcpy(sys_path, "PATH=", 5);
826 		} else {
827 			ckfree(sys_path);
828 			/* something to keep things happy */
829 			sys_path = def_path;
830 		}
831 	}
832 	return sys_path;
833 }
834 
835 static int
836 parse_command_args(int argc, char **argv, int *use_syspath)
837 {
838 	int sv_argc = argc;
839 	char *cp, c;
840 
841 	*use_syspath = 0;
842 
843 	for (;;) {
844 		argv++;
845 		if (--argc == 0)
846 			break;
847 		cp = *argv;
848 		if (*cp++ != '-')
849 			break;
850 		if (*cp == '-' && cp[1] == 0) {
851 			argv++;
852 			argc--;
853 			break;
854 		}
855 		while ((c = *cp++)) {
856 			switch (c) {
857 			case 'p':
858 				*use_syspath = 1;
859 				break;
860 			default:
861 				/* run 'typecmd' for other options */
862 				return 0;
863 			}
864 		}
865 	}
866 	return sv_argc - argc;
867 }
868 
869 int vforked = 0;
870 
871 /*
872  * Execute a simple command.
873  */
874 
875 STATIC void
876 evalcommand(union node *cmd, int flgs, struct backcmd *backcmd)
877 {
878 	struct stackmark smark;
879 	union node *argp;
880 	struct arglist arglist;
881 	struct arglist varlist;
882 	volatile int flags = flgs;
883 	char ** volatile argv;
884 	volatile int argc;
885 	char **envp;
886 	int varflag;
887 	struct strlist *sp;
888 	volatile int mode;
889 	int pip[2];
890 	struct cmdentry cmdentry;
891 	struct job * volatile jp;
892 	struct jmploc jmploc;
893 	struct jmploc *volatile savehandler = NULL;
894 	const char *volatile savecmdname;
895 	volatile struct shparam saveparam;
896 	struct localvar *volatile savelocalvars;
897 	struct parsefile *volatile savetopfile;
898 	volatile int e;
899 	char * volatile lastarg;
900 	const char * volatile path = pathval();
901 	volatile int temp_path;
902 	const int savefuncline = funclinebase;
903 	const int savefuncabs = funclineabs;
904 	volatile int cmd_flags = 0;
905 
906 	vforked = 0;
907 	/* First expand the arguments. */
908 	CTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evalcommand(%p, %d) called [%s]\n", cmd, flags,
909 	    cmd->ncmd.args ? cmd->ncmd.args->narg.text : ""));
910 	setstackmark(&smark);
911 	back_exitstatus = 0;
912 
913 	line_number = cmd->ncmd.lineno;
914 
915 	arglist.lastp = &arglist.list;
916 	varflag = 1;
917 	/* Expand arguments, ignoring the initial 'name=value' ones */
918 	for (argp = cmd->ncmd.args ; argp ; argp = argp->narg.next) {
919 		if (varflag && isassignment(argp->narg.text))
920 			continue;
921 		varflag = 0;
922 		line_number = argp->narg.lineno;
923 		expandarg(argp, &arglist, EXP_FULL | EXP_TILDE);
924 	}
925 	*arglist.lastp = NULL;
926 
927 	expredir(cmd->ncmd.redirect);
928 
929 	/* Now do the initial 'name=value' ones we skipped above */
930 	varlist.lastp = &varlist.list;
931 	for (argp = cmd->ncmd.args ; argp ; argp = argp->narg.next) {
932 		line_number = argp->narg.lineno;
933 		if (!isassignment(argp->narg.text))
934 			break;
935 		/* EXP_CASE handles CTL* chars in expansions properly */
936 		expandarg(argp, &varlist, EXP_VARTILDE | EXP_CASE);
937 	}
938 	*varlist.lastp = NULL;
939 
940 	argc = 0;
941 	for (sp = arglist.list ; sp ; sp = sp->next)
942 		argc++;
943 	argv = stalloc(sizeof (char *) * (argc + 1));
944 
945 	for (sp = arglist.list ; sp ; sp = sp->next) {
946 		VTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("evalcommand arg: %s\n", sp->text));
947 		*argv++ = sp->text;
948 	}
949 	*argv = NULL;
950 	lastarg = NULL;
951 	if (iflag && funcnest == 0 && argc > 0)
952 		lastarg = argv[-1];
953 	argv -= argc;
954 
955 	/* Print the command if xflag is set. */
956 	if (xflag) {
957 		char sep = 0;
958 		union node *rn;
959 
960 		outxstr(expandstr(ps4val(), line_number));
961 		for (sp = varlist.list ; sp ; sp = sp->next) {
962 			char *p;
963 
964 			if (sep != 0)
965 				outxc(sep);
966 
967 			/*
968 			 * The "var=" part should not be quoted, regardless
969 			 * of the value, or it would not represent an
970 			 * assignment, but rather a command
971 			 */
972 			p = strchr(sp->text, '=');
973 			if (p != NULL) {
974 				*p = '\0';	/*XXX*/
975 				outxshstr(sp->text);
976 				outxc('=');
977 				*p++ = '=';	/*XXX*/
978 			} else
979 				p = sp->text;
980 			outxshstr(p);
981 			sep = ' ';
982 		}
983 		for (sp = arglist.list ; sp ; sp = sp->next) {
984 			if (sep != 0)
985 				outxc(sep);
986 			outxshstr(sp->text);
987 			sep = ' ';
988 		}
989 		for (rn = cmd->ncmd.redirect; rn; rn = rn->nfile.next)
990 			if (outredir(outx, rn, sep))
991 				sep = ' ';
992 		outxc('\n');
993 		flushout(outx);
994 	}
995 
996 	/* Now locate the command. */
997 	if (argc == 0) {
998 		/*
999 		 * the empty command begins as a normal builtin, and
1000 		 * remains that way while redirects are processed, then
1001 		 * will become special before we get to doing the
1002 		 * var assigns.
1003 		 */
1004 		cmdentry.cmdtype = CMDBUILTIN;
1005 		cmdentry.u.bltin = bltincmd;
1006 		VTRACE(DBG_CMDS, ("No command name, assume \"command\"\n"));
1007 	} else {
1008 		static const char PATH[] = "PATH=";
1009 
1010 		/*
1011 		 * Modify the command lookup path, if a PATH= assignment
1012 		 * is present
1013 		 */
1014 		for (sp = varlist.list; sp; sp = sp->next)
1015 			if (strncmp(sp->text, PATH, sizeof(PATH) - 1) == 0)
1016 				path = sp->text + sizeof(PATH) - 1;
1017 
1018 		do {
1019 			int argsused, use_syspath;
1020 
1021 			find_command(argv[0], &cmdentry, cmd_flags, path);
1022 			VTRACE(DBG_CMDS, ("Command %s type %d\n", argv[0],
1023 			    cmdentry.cmdtype));
1024 #if 0
1025 			/*
1026 			 * This short circuits all of the processing that
1027 			 * should be done (including processing the
1028 			 * redirects), so just don't ...
1029 			 *
1030 			 * (eventually this whole #if'd block will vanish)
1031 			 */
1032 			if (cmdentry.cmdtype == CMDUNKNOWN) {
1033 				exitstatus = 127;
1034 				flushout(&errout);
1035 				goto out;
1036 			}
1037 #endif
1038 
1039 			/* implement the 'command' builtin here */
1040 			if (cmdentry.cmdtype != CMDBUILTIN ||
1041 			    cmdentry.u.bltin != bltincmd)
1042 				break;
1043 			VTRACE(DBG_CMDS, ("Command \"command\"\n"));
1044 			cmd_flags |= DO_NOFUNC;
1045 			argsused = parse_command_args(argc, argv, &use_syspath);
1046 			if (argsused == 0) {
1047 				/* use 'type' builtin to display info */
1048 				VTRACE(DBG_CMDS,
1049 				    ("Command \"command\" -> \"type\"\n"));
1050 				cmdentry.u.bltin = typecmd;
1051 				break;
1052 			}
1053 			argc -= argsused;
1054 			argv += argsused;
1055 			if (use_syspath)
1056 				path = syspath() + 5;
1057 		} while (argc != 0);
1058 		if (cmdentry.cmdtype == CMDSPLBLTIN && cmd_flags & DO_NOFUNC)
1059 			/* posix mandates that 'command <splbltin>' act as if
1060 			   <splbltin> was a normal builtin */
1061 			cmdentry.cmdtype = CMDBUILTIN;
1062 	}
1063 
1064 	/*
1065 	 * When traps are invalid, we permit the following:
1066 	 *	trap
1067 	 *	command trap
1068 	 *	eval trap
1069 	 *	command eval trap
1070 	 *	eval command trap
1071 	 * without zapping the traps completely, in all other cases we do.
1072 	 * Function calls also do not zap the traps (but commands they execute
1073 	 * probably will) - this allows a function like
1074 	 *	trapstate() { trap -p; }
1075 	 * called as save_traps=$(trapstate).
1076 	 *
1077 	 * The test here permits eval "anything" but when evalstring() comes
1078 	 * back here again, the "anything" will be validated.
1079 	 * This means we can actually do:
1080 	 *	eval eval eval command eval eval command trap
1081 	 * as long as we end up with just "trap"
1082 	 *
1083 	 * We permit "command" by allowing CMDBUILTIN as well as CMDSPLBLTIN
1084 	 *
1085 	 * trapcmd() takes care of doing free_traps() if it is needed there.
1086 	 */
1087 	if (traps_invalid &&
1088 	    cmdentry.cmdtype != CMDFUNCTION &&
1089 	    ((cmdentry.cmdtype!=CMDSPLBLTIN && cmdentry.cmdtype!=CMDBUILTIN) ||
1090 	     (cmdentry.u.bltin != trapcmd && cmdentry.u.bltin != evalcmd)))
1091 		free_traps();
1092 
1093 	/* Fork off a child process if necessary. */
1094 	if (cmd->ncmd.backgnd
1095 	  || ((cmdentry.cmdtype == CMDNORMAL || cmdentry.cmdtype == CMDUNKNOWN)
1096 	     && (have_traps() || (flags & EV_EXIT) == 0))
1097 #ifdef notyet			/* EV_BACKCMD is never set currently */
1098 			/* this will need more work if/when it gets used */
1099 	  || ((flags & EV_BACKCMD) != 0
1100 	     && (cmdentry.cmdtype != CMDBUILTIN
1101 	         && cmdentry.cmdtype != CMDSPLBLTIN)
1102 	       || cmdentry.u.bltin == dotcmd
1103 	       || cmdentry.u.bltin == evalcmd)
1104 #endif
1105 	 ) {
1106 		INTOFF;
1107 		jp = makejob(cmd, 1);
1108 		mode = cmd->ncmd.backgnd;
1109 		if (flags & EV_BACKCMD) {
1110 			mode = FORK_NOJOB;
1111 			if (sh_pipe(pip) < 0)
1112 				error("Pipe call failed");
1113 		}
1114 #ifdef DO_SHAREDVFORK
1115 		/* It is essential that if DO_SHAREDVFORK is defined that the
1116 		 * child's address space is actually shared with the parent as
1117 		 * we rely on this.
1118 		 */
1119 		if (usefork == 0 && cmdentry.cmdtype == CMDNORMAL &&
1120 		    (!cmd->ncmd.backgnd || cmd->ncmd.redirect == NULL)) {
1121 			pid_t	pid;
1122 			int serrno;
1123 
1124 			savelocalvars = localvars;
1125 			localvars = NULL;
1126 			vforked = 1;
1127 	VFORK_BLOCK
1128 			switch (pid = vfork()) {
1129 			case -1:
1130 				serrno = errno;
1131 				VTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("vfork() failed, errno=%d\n",
1132 				    serrno));
1133 				INTON;
1134 				error("Cannot vfork (%s)", strerror(serrno));
1135 				break;
1136 			case 0:
1137 				/* Make sure that exceptions only unwind to
1138 				 * after the vfork(2)
1139 				 */
1140 				SHELL_FORKED();
1141 				if (setjmp(jmploc.loc)) {
1142 					VTRACE(DBG_EVAL|DBG_ERRS|
1143 					  DBG_PROCS|DBG_CMDS|DBG_TRAP,
1144 					  ("vfork child exit exception:%d "
1145 					   "exitstatus:%d exerrno:%d\n",
1146 					   exception, exitstatus, exerrno));
1147 
1148 					if (exception == EXSHELLPROC) {
1149 						/*
1150 						 * We can't progress with the
1151 						 * vfork, so, set vforked = 2
1152 						 * so the parent knows,
1153 						 * and _exit();
1154 						 */
1155 						vforked = 2;
1156 						_exit(0);
1157 					} else {
1158 						_exit(exception == EXEXIT ?
1159 						    exitstatus : exerrno);
1160 					}
1161 				}
1162 				savehandler = handler;
1163 				handler = &jmploc;
1164 				listmklocal(varlist.list,
1165 				    VDOEXPORT | VEXPORT | VNOFUNC);
1166 				forkchild(jp, cmd, mode, vforked);
1167 				break;
1168 			default:
1169 				VFORK_UNDO();
1170 						/* restore from vfork(2) */
1171 				CTRACE(DBG_PROCS|DBG_CMDS,
1172 				    ("parent after vfork - vforked=%d\n",
1173 				      vforked));
1174 				handler = savehandler;
1175 				poplocalvars();
1176 				localvars = savelocalvars;
1177 				if (vforked == 2) {
1178 					vforked = 0;
1179 
1180 					(void)waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
1181 					/*
1182 					 * We need to progress in a
1183 					 * normal fork fashion
1184 					 */
1185 					goto normal_fork;
1186 				}
1187 				/*
1188 				 * Here the child has left home,
1189 				 * getting on with its life, so
1190 				 * so must we...
1191 				 */
1192 				vforked = 0;
1193 				forkparent(jp, cmd, mode, pid);
1194 				goto parent;
1195 			}
1196 	VFORK_END
1197 		} else {
1198  normal_fork:
1199 #endif
1200 			if (forkshell(jp, cmd, mode) != 0)
1201 				goto parent;	/* at end of routine */
1202 			CTRACE(DBG_PROCS|DBG_CMDS, ("Child sets EV_EXIT\n"));
1203 			flags |= EV_EXIT;
1204 			FORCEINTON;
1205 #ifdef DO_SHAREDVFORK
1206 		}
1207 #endif
1208 		if (flags & EV_BACKCMD) {
1209 			if (!vforked) {
1210 				FORCEINTON;
1211 			}
1212 			close(pip[0]);
1213 			movefd(pip[1], 1);
1214 		}
1215 		flags |= EV_EXIT;
1216 	}
1217 
1218 	/* This is the child process if a fork occurred. */
1219 	/* Execute the command. */
1220 	switch (cmdentry.cmdtype) {
1221 		volatile int saved;
1222 		struct funcdef * volatile savefunc;
1223 
1224 	case CMDFUNCTION:
1225 		VXTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("Shell function%s:  ",vforked?" VF":""),
1226 		    trargs(argv));
1227 		redirect(cmd->ncmd.redirect, saved =
1228 			!(flags & EV_EXIT) || have_traps() ? REDIR_PUSH : 0);
1229 		saveparam = shellparam;
1230 		shellparam.malloc = 0;
1231 		shellparam.reset = 1;
1232 		shellparam.nparam = argc - 1;
1233 		shellparam.p = argv + 1;
1234 		shellparam.optnext = NULL;
1235 		INTOFF;
1236 		savelocalvars = localvars;
1237 		localvars = NULL;
1238 		reffunc(savefunc = cmdentry.u.func);
1239 		INTON;
1240 		if (setjmp(jmploc.loc)) {
1241 			if (exception == EXSHELLPROC) {
1242 				freeparam((volatile struct shparam *)
1243 				    &saveparam);
1244 			} else {
1245 				freeparam(&shellparam);
1246 				shellparam = saveparam;
1247 			}
1248 			if (saved)
1249 				popredir();
1250 			unreffunc(savefunc);
1251 			poplocalvars();
1252 			localvars = savelocalvars;
1253 			funclinebase = savefuncline;
1254 			funclineabs = savefuncabs;
1255 			handler = savehandler;
1256 			longjmp(handler->loc, 1);
1257 		}
1258 		savehandler = handler;
1259 		handler = &jmploc;
1260 		if (cmdentry.u.func) {
1261 			if (cmdentry.lno_frel)
1262 				funclinebase = cmdentry.lineno - 1;
1263 			else
1264 				funclinebase = 0;
1265 			funclineabs = cmdentry.lineno;
1266 
1267 			VTRACE(DBG_EVAL,
1268 			  ("function: node: %d '%s' # %d%s; funclinebase=%d\n",
1269 			    getfuncnode(cmdentry.u.func)->type,
1270 			    NODETYPENAME(getfuncnode(cmdentry.u.func)->type),
1271 			    cmdentry.lineno, cmdentry.lno_frel?" (=1)":"",
1272 			    funclinebase));
1273 		}
1274 		listmklocal(varlist.list, VDOEXPORT | VEXPORT);
1275 		/* stop shell blowing its stack */
1276 		if (++funcnest > 1000)
1277 			error("too many nested function calls");
1278 		evaltree(getfuncnode(cmdentry.u.func),
1279 		    flags & (EV_TESTED|EV_EXIT));
1280 		funcnest--;
1281 		INTOFF;
1282 		unreffunc(cmdentry.u.func);
1283 		poplocalvars();
1284 		localvars = savelocalvars;
1285 		funclinebase = savefuncline;
1286 		funclineabs = savefuncabs;
1287 		freeparam(&shellparam);
1288 		shellparam = saveparam;
1289 		handler = savehandler;
1290 		if (saved)
1291 			popredir();
1292 		INTON;
1293 		if (evalskip == SKIPFUNC) {
1294 			evalskip = SKIPNONE;
1295 			skipcount = 0;
1296 		}
1297 		if (flags & EV_EXIT)
1298 			exitshell(exitstatus);
1299 		break;
1300 
1301 	case CMDSPLBLTIN:
1302 		VTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("special "));
1303 	case CMDBUILTIN:
1304 		VXTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("builtin command [%d]%s:  ", argc,
1305 		    vforked ? " VF" : ""), trargs(argv));
1306 		mode = (cmdentry.u.bltin == execcmd) ? 0 : REDIR_PUSH;
1307 		if (flags == EV_BACKCMD) {
1308 			memout.nleft = 0;
1309 			memout.nextc = memout.buf;
1310 			memout.bufsize = 64;
1311 			mode |= REDIR_BACKQ;
1312 		}
1313 		e = -1;
1314 		savecmdname = commandname;
1315 		savetopfile = getcurrentfile();
1316 		savehandler = handler;
1317 		temp_path = 0;
1318 		if (!setjmp(jmploc.loc)) {
1319 			handler = &jmploc;
1320 
1321 			/*
1322 			 * We need to ensure the command hash table isn't
1323 			 * corrupted by temporary PATH assignments.
1324 			 * However we must ensure the 'local' command works!
1325 			 */
1326 			if (path != pathval() && (cmdentry.u.bltin == hashcmd ||
1327 			    cmdentry.u.bltin == typecmd)) {
1328 				savelocalvars = localvars;
1329 				localvars = 0;
1330 				temp_path = 1;
1331 				mklocal(path - 5 /* PATH= */, 0);
1332 			}
1333 			redirect(cmd->ncmd.redirect, mode);
1334 
1335 			/*
1336 			 * the empty command is regarded as a normal
1337 			 * builtin for the purposes of redirects, but
1338 			 * is a special builtin for var assigns.
1339 			 * (unless we are the "command" command.)
1340 			 */
1341 			if (argc == 0 && !(cmd_flags & DO_NOFUNC))
1342 				cmdentry.cmdtype = CMDSPLBLTIN;
1343 
1344 			/* exec is a special builtin, but needs this list... */
1345 			cmdenviron = varlist.list;
1346 			/* we must check 'readonly' flag for all builtins */
1347 			listsetvar(varlist.list,
1348 				cmdentry.cmdtype == CMDSPLBLTIN ? 0 : VNOSET);
1349 			commandname = argv[0];
1350 			/* initialize nextopt */
1351 			argptr = argv + 1;
1352 			optptr = NULL;
1353 			/* and getopt */
1354 			optreset = 1;
1355 			optind = 1;
1356 			builtin_flags = flags;
1357 			clr_err(out1);	/* discard previous I/O errors */
1358 			exitstatus = cmdentry.u.bltin(argc, argv);
1359 		} else {
1360 			e = exception;
1361 			if (e == EXINT)
1362 				exitstatus = SIGINT + 128;
1363 			else if (e == EXEXEC)
1364 				exitstatus = exerrno;
1365 			else if (e != EXEXIT)
1366 				exitstatus = 2;
1367 		}
1368 		handler = savehandler;
1369 		flushall();
1370 		out1 = &output;
1371 		out2 = &errout;
1372 		freestdout();
1373 		if (temp_path) {
1374 			poplocalvars();
1375 			localvars = savelocalvars;
1376 		}
1377 		cmdenviron = NULL;
1378 		if (e != EXSHELLPROC) {
1379 			commandname = savecmdname;
1380 			if (flags & EV_EXIT)
1381 				exitshell(exitstatus);
1382 		}
1383 		if (e != -1) {
1384 			if ((e != EXERROR && e != EXEXEC)
1385 			    || cmdentry.cmdtype == CMDSPLBLTIN)
1386 				exraise(e);
1387 			popfilesupto(savetopfile);
1388 			FORCEINTON;
1389 		}
1390 		if (cmdentry.u.bltin != execcmd)
1391 			popredir();
1392 		if (flags == EV_BACKCMD) {
1393 			backcmd->buf = memout.buf;
1394 			backcmd->nleft = memout.nextc - memout.buf;
1395 			memout.buf = NULL;
1396 		}
1397 		break;
1398 
1399 	default:
1400 		VXTRACE(DBG_EVAL, ("normal command%s:  ", vforked?" VF":""),
1401 		    trargs(argv));
1402 		redirect(cmd->ncmd.redirect,
1403 		    (vforked ? REDIR_VFORK : 0) | REDIR_KEEP);
1404 		if (!vforked)
1405 			for (sp = varlist.list ; sp ; sp = sp->next)
1406 				setvareq(sp->text, VDOEXPORT|VEXPORT|VSTACK);
1407 		envp = environment();
1408 		shellexec(argv, envp, path, cmdentry.u.index, vforked);
1409 		break;
1410 	}
1411 	goto out;
1412 
1413  parent:			/* parent process gets here (if we forked) */
1414 
1415 	exitstatus = 0;		/* if not altered just below */
1416 	if (mode == FORK_FG) {	/* argument to fork */
1417 		exitstatus = waitforjob(jp);
1418 	} else if (mode == FORK_NOJOB) {
1419 		backcmd->fd = pip[0];
1420 		close(pip[1]);
1421 		backcmd->jp = jp;
1422 	}
1423 	FORCEINTON;
1424 
1425  out:
1426 	if (lastarg)
1427 		/* implement $_ for whatever use that really is */
1428 		(void) setvarsafe("_", lastarg, VNOERROR);
1429 	popstackmark(&smark);
1430 }
1431 
1432 
1433 /*
1434  * Search for a command.  This is called before we fork so that the
1435  * location of the command will be available in the parent as well as
1436  * the child.  The check for "goodname" is an overly conservative
1437  * check that the name will not be subject to expansion.
1438  */
1439 
1440 STATIC void
1441 prehash(union node *n)
1442 {
1443 	struct cmdentry entry;
1444 
1445 	if (n && n->type == NCMD && n->ncmd.args)
1446 		if (goodname(n->ncmd.args->narg.text))
1447 			find_command(n->ncmd.args->narg.text, &entry, 0,
1448 				     pathval());
1449 }
1450 
1451 int
1452 in_function(void)
1453 {
1454 	return funcnest;
1455 }
1456 
1457 enum skipstate
1458 current_skipstate(void)
1459 {
1460 	return evalskip;
1461 }
1462 
1463 void
1464 save_skipstate(struct skipsave *p)
1465 {
1466 	*p = s_k_i_p;
1467 }
1468 
1469 void
1470 restore_skipstate(const struct skipsave *p)
1471 {
1472 	s_k_i_p = *p;
1473 }
1474 
1475 void
1476 stop_skipping(void)
1477 {
1478 	evalskip = SKIPNONE;
1479 	skipcount = 0;
1480 }
1481 
1482 /*
1483  * Builtin commands.  Builtin commands whose functions are closely
1484  * tied to evaluation are implemented here.
1485  */
1486 
1487 /*
1488  * No command given.
1489  */
1490 
1491 int
1492 bltincmd(int argc, char **argv)
1493 {
1494 	/*
1495 	 * Preserve exitstatus of a previous possible redirection
1496 	 * as POSIX mandates
1497 	 */
1498 	return back_exitstatus;
1499 }
1500 
1501 
1502 /*
1503  * Handle break and continue commands.  Break, continue, and return are
1504  * all handled by setting the evalskip flag.  The evaluation routines
1505  * above all check this flag, and if it is set they start skipping
1506  * commands rather than executing them.  The variable skipcount is
1507  * the number of loops to break/continue, or the number of function
1508  * levels to return.  (The latter is always 1.)  It should probably
1509  * be an error to break out of more loops than exist, but it isn't
1510  * in the standard shell so we don't make it one here.
1511  */
1512 
1513 int
1514 breakcmd(int argc, char **argv)
1515 {
1516 	int n = argc > 1 ? number(argv[1]) : 1;
1517 
1518 	if (n <= 0)
1519 		error("invalid count: %d", n);
1520 	if (n > loopnest)
1521 		n = loopnest;
1522 	if (n > 0) {
1523 		evalskip = (**argv == 'c')? SKIPCONT : SKIPBREAK;
1524 		skipcount = n;
1525 	}
1526 	return 0;
1527 }
1528 
1529 int
1530 dotcmd(int argc, char **argv)
1531 {
1532 	exitstatus = 0;
1533 
1534 	(void) nextopt(NULL);		/* ignore a leading "--" */
1535 
1536 	if (*argptr != NULL) {		/* That's what SVR2 does */
1537 		char *fullname;
1538 		/*
1539 		 * dot_funcnest needs to be 0 when not in a dotcmd, so it
1540 		 * cannot be restored with (funcnest + 1).
1541 		 */
1542 		int dot_funcnest_old;
1543 		struct stackmark smark;
1544 
1545 		setstackmark(&smark);
1546 		fullname = find_dot_file(*argptr);
1547 		setinputfile(fullname, 1);
1548 		commandname = fullname;
1549 		dot_funcnest_old = dot_funcnest;
1550 		dot_funcnest = funcnest + 1;
1551 		cmdloop(0);
1552 		dot_funcnest = dot_funcnest_old;
1553 		popfile();
1554 		popstackmark(&smark);
1555 	}
1556 	return exitstatus;
1557 }
1558 
1559 /*
1560  * allow dotfile function nesting to be manipulated
1561  * (for read_profile).  This allows profile files to
1562  * be treated as if they were used as '.' commands,
1563  * (approximately) and in particular, for "return" to work.
1564  */
1565 int
1566 set_dot_funcnest(int new)
1567 {
1568 	int rv = dot_funcnest;
1569 
1570 	if (new >= 0)
1571 		dot_funcnest = new;
1572 
1573 	return rv;
1574 }
1575 
1576 /*
1577  * Take commands from a file.  To be compatible we should do a path
1578  * search for the file, which is necessary to find sub-commands.
1579  */
1580 
1581 STATIC char *
1582 find_dot_file(char *basename)
1583 {
1584 	char *fullname;
1585 	const char *path = pathval();
1586 	struct stat statb;
1587 
1588 	/* don't try this for absolute or relative paths */
1589 	if (strchr(basename, '/')) {
1590 		if (stat(basename, &statb) == 0) {
1591 			if (S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode))
1592 				error("%s: is a directory", basename);
1593 			if (S_ISBLK(statb.st_mode))
1594 				error("%s: is a block device", basename);
1595 			return basename;
1596 		}
1597 	} else while ((fullname = padvance(&path, basename, 1)) != NULL) {
1598 		if ((stat(fullname, &statb) == 0)) {
1599 			/* weird format is to ease future code... */
1600 			if (S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(statb.st_mode))
1601 				;
1602 #if notyet
1603 			else if (unreadable()) {
1604 				/*
1605 				 * testing this via st_mode is ugly to get
1606 				 * correct (and would ignore ACLs).
1607 				 * better way is just to open the file.
1608 				 * But doing that here would (currently)
1609 				 * mean opening the file twice, which
1610 				 * might not be safe.  So, defer this
1611 				 * test until code is restructures so
1612 				 * we can return a fd.   Then we also
1613 				 * get to fix the mem leak just below...
1614 				 */
1615 			}
1616 #endif
1617 			else {
1618 				/*
1619 				 * Don't bother freeing here, since
1620 				 * it will be freed by the caller.
1621 				 * XXX no it won't - a bug for later.
1622 				 */
1623 				return fullname;
1624 			}
1625 		}
1626 		stunalloc(fullname);
1627 	}
1628 
1629 	/* not found in the PATH */
1630 	error("%s: not found", basename);
1631 	/* NOTREACHED */
1632 }
1633 
1634 
1635 
1636 /*
1637  * The return command.
1638  *
1639  * Quoth the POSIX standard:
1640  *   The return utility shall cause the shell to stop executing the current
1641  *   function or dot script. If the shell is not currently executing
1642  *   a function or dot script, the results are unspecified.
1643  *
1644  * As for the unspecified part, there seems to be no de-facto standard: bash
1645  * ignores the return with a warning, zsh ignores the return in interactive
1646  * mode but seems to liken it to exit in a script.  (checked May 2014)
1647  *
1648  * We choose to silently ignore the return.  Older versions of this shell
1649  * set evalskip to SKIPFILE causing the shell to (indirectly) exit.  This
1650  * had at least the problem of circumventing the check for stopped jobs,
1651  * which would occur for exit or ^D.
1652  */
1653 
1654 int
1655 returncmd(int argc, char **argv)
1656 {
1657 	int ret = argc > 1 ? number(argv[1]) : exitstatus;
1658 
1659 	if ((dot_funcnest == 0 && funcnest)
1660 	    || (dot_funcnest > 0 && funcnest - (dot_funcnest - 1) > 0)) {
1661 		evalskip = SKIPFUNC;
1662 		skipcount = 1;
1663 	} else if (dot_funcnest > 0) {
1664 		evalskip = SKIPFILE;
1665 		skipcount = 1;
1666 	} else {
1667 		/* XXX: should a warning be issued? */
1668 		ret = 0;
1669 	}
1670 
1671 	return ret;
1672 }
1673 
1674 
1675 int
1676 falsecmd(int argc, char **argv)
1677 {
1678 	return 1;
1679 }
1680 
1681 
1682 int
1683 truecmd(int argc, char **argv)
1684 {
1685 	return 0;
1686 }
1687 
1688 
1689 int
1690 execcmd(int argc, char **argv)
1691 {
1692 	(void) nextopt(NULL);		/* ignore a leading "--" */
1693 
1694 	if (*argptr) {
1695 		struct strlist *sp;
1696 
1697 		iflag = 0;		/* exit on error */
1698 		mflag = 0;
1699 		optschanged();
1700 		for (sp = cmdenviron; sp; sp = sp->next)
1701 			setvareq(sp->text, VDOEXPORT|VEXPORT|VSTACK);
1702 		shellexec(argptr, environment(), pathval(), 0, 0);
1703 	}
1704 	return 0;
1705 }
1706 
1707 static int
1708 conv_time(clock_t ticks, char *seconds, size_t l)
1709 {
1710 	static clock_t tpm = 0;
1711 	clock_t mins;
1712 	int i;
1713 
1714 	if (!tpm)
1715 		tpm = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) * 60;
1716 
1717 	mins = ticks / tpm;
1718 	snprintf(seconds, l, "%.4f", (ticks - mins * tpm) * 60.0 / tpm );
1719 
1720 	if (seconds[0] == '6' && seconds[1] == '0') {
1721 		/* 59.99995 got rounded up... */
1722 		mins++;
1723 		strlcpy(seconds, "0.0", l);
1724 		return mins;
1725 	}
1726 
1727 	/* suppress trailing zeros */
1728 	i = strlen(seconds) - 1;
1729 	for (; seconds[i] == '0' && seconds[i - 1] != '.'; i--)
1730 		seconds[i] = 0;
1731 	return mins;
1732 }
1733 
1734 int
1735 timescmd(int argc, char **argv)
1736 {
1737 	struct tms tms;
1738 	int u, s, cu, cs;
1739 	char us[8], ss[8], cus[8], css[8];
1740 
1741 	nextopt("");
1742 
1743 	times(&tms);
1744 
1745 	u = conv_time(tms.tms_utime, us, sizeof(us));
1746 	s = conv_time(tms.tms_stime, ss, sizeof(ss));
1747 	cu = conv_time(tms.tms_cutime, cus, sizeof(cus));
1748 	cs = conv_time(tms.tms_cstime, css, sizeof(css));
1749 
1750 	outfmt(out1, "%dm%ss %dm%ss\n%dm%ss %dm%ss\n",
1751 		u, us, s, ss, cu, cus, cs, css);
1752 
1753 	return 0;
1754 }
1755