xref: /netbsd-src/bin/ps/ps.c (revision 8b0f9554ff8762542c4defc4f70e1eb76fb508fa)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ps.c,v 1.64 2007/10/24 12:10:11 yamt Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Simon Burge.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
19  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
20  *        This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
21  *        Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
22  * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
23  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
24  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
27  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
28  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
29  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
30  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
31  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
32  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
33  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
34  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
35  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
36  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 
39 /*
40  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
41  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
42  *
43  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
44  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
45  * are met:
46  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
48  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
49  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
50  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
51  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53  *    without specific prior written permission.
54  *
55  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
65  * SUCH DAMAGE.
66  */
67 
68 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
69 #ifndef lint
70 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994\n\
71 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
72 #endif /* not lint */
73 
74 #ifndef lint
75 #if 0
76 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ps.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
77 #else
78 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ps.c,v 1.64 2007/10/24 12:10:11 yamt Exp $");
79 #endif
80 #endif /* not lint */
81 
82 #include <sys/param.h>
83 #include <sys/user.h>
84 #include <sys/time.h>
85 #include <sys/resource.h>
86 #include <sys/lwp.h>
87 #include <sys/proc.h>
88 #include <sys/stat.h>
89 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
90 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
91 
92 #include <stddef.h>
93 #include <ctype.h>
94 #include <err.h>
95 #include <errno.h>
96 #include <fcntl.h>
97 #include <kvm.h>
98 #include <limits.h>
99 #include <nlist.h>
100 #include <paths.h>
101 #include <pwd.h>
102 #include <stdio.h>
103 #include <stdlib.h>
104 #include <string.h>
105 #include <unistd.h>
106 
107 #include "ps.h"
108 
109 /*
110  * ARGOPTS must contain all option characters that take arguments
111  * (except for 't'!) - it is used in kludge_oldps_options()
112  */
113 #define	GETOPTSTR	"acCeghjk:LlM:mN:O:o:p:rSsTt:U:uvW:wx"
114 #define	ARGOPTS		"kMNOopUW"
115 
116 struct kinfo_proc2 *kinfo;
117 struct varlist displaylist = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(displaylist);
118 struct varlist sortlist = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sortlist);
119 
120 int	eval;			/* exit value */
121 int	rawcpu;			/* -C */
122 int	sumrusage;		/* -S */
123 int	termwidth;		/* width of screen (0 == infinity) */
124 int	totwidth;		/* calculated width of requested variables */
125 
126 int	needcomm, needenv, commandonly;
127 uid_t	myuid;
128 
129 static struct kinfo_lwp
130 		*pick_representative_lwp(struct kinfo_proc2 *,
131 		    struct kinfo_lwp *, int);
132 static struct kinfo_proc2
133 		*getkinfo_kvm(kvm_t *, int, int, int *);
134 static char	*kludge_oldps_options(char *);
135 static int	 pscomp(const void *, const void *);
136 static void	 scanvars(void);
137 static void	 usage(void);
138 static int	 parsenum(const char *, const char *);
139 int		 main(int, char *[]);
140 
141 char dfmt[] = "pid tt state time command";
142 char jfmt[] = "user pid ppid pgid sess jobc state tt time command";
143 char lfmt[] = "uid pid ppid cpu pri nice vsz rss wchan state tt time command";
144 char sfmt[] = "uid pid ppid cpu lid nlwp pri nice vsz rss wchan lstate tt "
145 		"time command";
146 char ufmt[] = "user pid %cpu %mem vsz rss tt state start time command";
147 char vfmt[] = "pid state time sl re pagein vsz rss lim tsiz %cpu %mem command";
148 
149 const char *default_fmt = dfmt;
150 
151 struct varent *Opos = NULL; /* -O flag inserts after this point */
152 
153 kvm_t *kd;
154 
155 int
156 main(int argc, char *argv[])
157 {
158 	struct varent *vent;
159 	struct winsize ws;
160 	struct kinfo_lwp *kl, *l;
161 	int ch, flag, i, j, fmt, lineno, nentries, nlwps;
162 	int prtheader, wflag, what, xflg, mode, showlwps;
163 	char *nlistf, *memf, *swapf, errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
164 	char *ttname;
165 
166 	if ((ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
167 	     ioctl(STDERR_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
168 	     ioctl(STDIN_FILENO,  TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1) ||
169 	     ws.ws_col == 0)
170 		termwidth = 79;
171 	else
172 		termwidth = ws.ws_col - 1;
173 
174 	if (argc > 1)
175 		argv[1] = kludge_oldps_options(argv[1]);
176 
177 	fmt = prtheader = wflag = xflg = showlwps = 0;
178 	what = KERN_PROC_UID;
179 	flag = myuid = getuid();
180 	memf = nlistf = swapf = NULL;
181 	mode = PRINTMODE;
182 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, GETOPTSTR)) != -1)
183 		switch((char)ch) {
184 		case 'a':
185 			what = KERN_PROC_ALL;
186 			flag = 0;
187 			break;
188 		case 'c':
189 			commandonly = 1;
190 			break;
191 		case 'e':			/* XXX set ufmt */
192 			needenv = 1;
193 			break;
194 		case 'C':
195 			rawcpu = 1;
196 			break;
197 		case 'g':
198 			break;			/* no-op */
199 		case 'h':
200 			prtheader = ws.ws_row > 5 ? ws.ws_row : 22;
201 			break;
202 		case 'j':
203 			parsefmt(jfmt);
204 			fmt = 1;
205 			jfmt[0] = '\0';
206 			break;
207 		case 'k':
208 			parsesort(optarg);
209 			break;
210 		case 'K':
211 			break;			/* no-op - was dontuseprocfs */
212 		case 'L':
213 			showkey();
214 			exit(0);
215 			/* NOTREACHED */
216 		case 'l':
217 			parsefmt(lfmt);
218 			fmt = 1;
219 			lfmt[0] = '\0';
220 			break;
221 		case 'M':
222 			memf = optarg;
223 			break;
224 		case 'm':
225 			parsesort("vsz");
226 			break;
227 		case 'N':
228 			nlistf = optarg;
229 			break;
230 		case 'O':
231 			/*
232 			 * If this is not the first -O option, insert
233 			 * just after the previous one.
234 			 *
235 			 * If there is no format yet, start with the default
236 			 * format, and insert after the pid column.
237 			 *
238 			 * If there is already a format, insert after
239 			 * the pid column, or at the end if there's no
240 			 * pid column.
241 			 */
242 			if (!Opos) {
243 				if (!fmt)
244 					parsefmt(default_fmt);
245 				Opos = varlist_find(&displaylist, "pid");
246 			}
247 			parsefmt_insert(optarg, &Opos);
248 			fmt = 1;
249 			break;
250 		case 'o':
251 			parsefmt(optarg);
252 			fmt = 1;
253 			break;
254 		case 'p':
255 			what = KERN_PROC_PID;
256 			flag = parsenum(optarg, "process id");
257 			xflg = 1;
258 			break;
259 		case 'r':
260 			parsesort("%cpu");
261 			break;
262 		case 'S':
263 			sumrusage = 1;
264 			break;
265 		case 's':
266 			/* -L was already taken... */
267 			showlwps = 1;
268 			default_fmt = sfmt;
269 			break;
270 		case 'T':
271 			if ((ttname = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)) == NULL)
272 				errx(1, "stdin: not a terminal");
273 			goto tty;
274 		case 't':
275 			ttname = optarg;
276 		tty: {
277 			struct stat sb;
278 			const char *ttypath;
279 			char pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
280 
281 			flag = 0;
282 			ttypath = NULL;
283 			if (strcmp(ttname, "?") == 0)
284 				flag = KERN_PROC_TTY_NODEV;
285 			else if (strcmp(ttname, "-") == 0)
286 				flag = KERN_PROC_TTY_REVOKE;
287 			else if (strcmp(ttname, "co") == 0)
288 				ttypath = _PATH_CONSOLE;
289 			else if (strncmp(ttname, "pts/", 4) == 0 ||
290 				strncmp(ttname, "tty", 3) == 0) {
291 				(void)snprintf(pathbuf,
292 				    sizeof(pathbuf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, ttname);
293 				ttypath = pathbuf;
294 			} else if (*ttname != '/') {
295 				(void)snprintf(pathbuf,
296 				    sizeof(pathbuf), "%s%s", _PATH_TTY, ttname);
297 				ttypath = pathbuf;
298 			} else
299 				ttypath = ttname;
300 			what = KERN_PROC_TTY;
301 			if (flag == 0) {
302 				if (stat(ttypath, &sb) == -1)
303 					err(1, "%s", ttypath);
304 				if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
305 					errx(1, "%s: not a terminal", ttypath);
306 				flag = sb.st_rdev;
307 			}
308 			break;
309 		}
310 		case 'U':
311 			if (*optarg != '\0') {
312 				struct passwd *pw;
313 
314 				what = KERN_PROC_UID;
315 				pw = getpwnam(optarg);
316 				if (pw == NULL) {
317 					flag = parsenum(optarg, "user name");
318 				} else
319 					flag = pw->pw_uid;
320 			}
321 			break;
322 		case 'u':
323 			parsefmt(ufmt);
324 			parsesort("%cpu");
325 			fmt = 1;
326 			ufmt[0] = '\0';
327 			break;
328 		case 'v':
329 			parsefmt(vfmt);
330 			parsesort("vsz");
331 			fmt = 1;
332 			vfmt[0] = '\0';
333 			break;
334 		case 'W':
335 			swapf = optarg;
336 			break;
337 		case 'w':
338 			if (wflag)
339 				termwidth = UNLIMITED;
340 			else if (termwidth < 131)
341 				termwidth = 131;
342 			wflag++;
343 			break;
344 		case 'x':
345 			xflg = 1;
346 			break;
347 		case '?':
348 		default:
349 			usage();
350 		}
351 	argc -= optind;
352 	argv += optind;
353 
354 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
355 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
356 	if (*argv) {
357 		nlistf = *argv;
358 		if (*++argv) {
359 			memf = *argv;
360 			if (*++argv)
361 				swapf = *argv;
362 		}
363 	}
364 #endif
365 
366 	if (memf == NULL) {
367 		kd = kvm_openfiles(NULL, NULL, NULL, KVM_NO_FILES, errbuf);
368 		donlist_sysctl();
369 	} else
370 		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, swapf, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
371 
372 	if (kd == 0)
373 		errx(1, "%s", errbuf);
374 
375 	if (!fmt)
376 		parsefmt(default_fmt);
377 
378 	/* Add default sort criteria */
379 	parsesort("tdev,pid");
380 	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &sortlist, next) {
381 		if (vent->var->flag & LWP || vent->var->type == UNSPECIFIED)
382 			warnx("Cannot sort on %s, sort key ignored\n",
383 				vent->var->name);
384 	}
385 
386 	/*
387 	 * scan requested variables, noting what structures are needed.
388 	 */
389 	scanvars();
390 
391 	/*
392 	 * select procs
393 	 */
394 	if (!(kinfo = getkinfo_kvm(kd, what, flag, &nentries)))
395 		err(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
396 	if (nentries == 0) {
397 		printheader();
398 		exit(1);
399 	}
400 	/*
401 	 * sort proc list
402 	 */
403 	qsort(kinfo, nentries, sizeof(struct kinfo_proc2), pscomp);
404 	/*
405 	 * For each proc, call each variable output function in
406 	 * "setwidth" mode to determine the widest element of
407 	 * the column.
408 	 */
409 	if (mode == PRINTMODE)
410 		for (i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
411 			struct kinfo_proc2 *ki = &kinfo[i];
412 
413 			if (xflg == 0 && (ki->p_tdev == NODEV ||
414 			    (ki->p_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0))
415 				continue;
416 
417 			kl = kvm_getlwps(kd, ki->p_pid, ki->p_paddr,
418 			    sizeof(struct kinfo_lwp), &nlwps);
419 			if (kl == 0)
420 				nlwps = 0;
421 			if (showlwps == 0) {
422 				l = pick_representative_lwp(ki, kl, nlwps);
423 				SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next)
424 					OUTPUT(vent, ki, l, WIDTHMODE);
425 			} else {
426 				/* The printing is done with the loops
427 				 * reversed, but here we don't need that,
428 				 * and this improves the code locality a bit.
429 				 */
430 				SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next)
431 					for (j = 0; j < nlwps; j++)
432 						OUTPUT(vent, ki, &kl[j],
433 						    WIDTHMODE);
434 			}
435 		}
436 	/*
437 	 * Print header - AFTER determining process field widths.
438 	 * printheader() also adds up the total width of all
439 	 * fields the first time it's called.
440 	 */
441 	printheader();
442 	/*
443 	 * For each proc, call each variable output function in
444 	 * print mode.
445 	 */
446 	for (i = lineno = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
447 		struct kinfo_proc2 *ki = &kinfo[i];
448 
449 		if (xflg == 0 && (ki->p_tdev == NODEV ||
450 		    (ki->p_flag & P_CONTROLT ) == 0))
451 			continue;
452 		kl = kvm_getlwps(kd, ki->p_pid, (u_long)ki->p_paddr,
453 		    sizeof(struct kinfo_lwp), &nlwps);
454 		if (kl == 0)
455 			nlwps = 0;
456 		if (showlwps == 0) {
457 			l = pick_representative_lwp(ki, kl, nlwps);
458 			SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next) {
459 				OUTPUT(vent, ki, l, mode);
460 				if (SIMPLEQ_NEXT(vent, next) != NULL)
461 					(void)putchar(' ');
462 			}
463 			(void)putchar('\n');
464 			if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
465 				(void)putchar('\n');
466 				printheader();
467 				lineno = 0;
468 			}
469 		} else {
470 			for (j = 0; j < nlwps; j++) {
471 				SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next) {
472 					OUTPUT(vent, ki, &kl[j], mode);
473 					if (SIMPLEQ_NEXT(vent, next) != NULL)
474 						(void)putchar(' ');
475 				}
476 				(void)putchar('\n');
477 				if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
478 					(void)putchar('\n');
479 					printheader();
480 					lineno = 0;
481 				}
482 			}
483 		}
484 	}
485 	exit(eval);
486 	/* NOTREACHED */
487 }
488 
489 static struct kinfo_lwp *
490 pick_representative_lwp(struct kinfo_proc2 *ki, struct kinfo_lwp *kl, int nlwps)
491 {
492 	int i, onproc, running, sleeping, stopped, suspended;
493 	static struct kinfo_lwp zero_lwp;
494 
495 	if (kl == 0)
496 		return &zero_lwp;
497 
498 	/* Trivial case: only one LWP */
499 	if (nlwps == 1)
500 		return kl;
501 
502 	switch (ki->p_realstat) {
503 	case SSTOP:
504 	case SACTIVE:
505 		/* Pick the most live LWP */
506 		onproc = running = sleeping = stopped = suspended = -1;
507 		for (i = 0; i < nlwps; i++) {
508 			switch (kl[i].l_stat) {
509 			case LSONPROC:
510 				onproc = i;
511 				break;
512 			case LSRUN:
513 				running = i;
514 				break;
515 			case LSSLEEP:
516 				sleeping = i;
517 				break;
518 			case LSSTOP:
519 				stopped = i;
520 				break;
521 			case LSSUSPENDED:
522 				suspended = i;
523 				break;
524 			}
525 		}
526 		if (onproc != -1)
527 			return &kl[onproc];
528 		if (running != -1)
529 			return &kl[running];
530 		if (sleeping != -1)
531 			return &kl[sleeping];
532 		if (stopped != -1)
533 			return &kl[stopped];
534 		if (suspended != -1)
535 			return &kl[suspended];
536 		break;
537 	case SZOMB:
538 		/* First will do */
539 		return kl;
540 		break;
541 	}
542 	/* Error condition! */
543 	warnx("Inconsistent LWP state for process %d\n", ki->p_pid);
544 	return kl;
545 }
546 
547 
548 static struct kinfo_proc2 *
549 getkinfo_kvm(kvm_t *kdp, int what, int flag, int *nentriesp)
550 {
551 
552 	return (kvm_getproc2(kdp, what, flag, sizeof(struct kinfo_proc2),
553 	    nentriesp));
554 }
555 
556 static void
557 scanvars(void)
558 {
559 	struct varent *vent;
560 	VAR *v;
561 
562 	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next) {
563 		v = vent->var;
564 		if (v->flag & COMM) {
565 			needcomm = 1;
566 			break;
567 		}
568 	}
569 }
570 
571 static int
572 pscomp(const void *a, const void *b)
573 {
574 	const struct kinfo_proc2 *ka = (const struct kinfo_proc2 *)a;
575 	const struct kinfo_proc2 *kb = (const struct kinfo_proc2 *)b;
576 
577 	int i;
578 	int64_t i64;
579 	VAR *v;
580 	struct varent *ve;
581 	const sigset_t *sa, *sb;
582 
583 #define	V_SIZE(k) (k->p_vm_dsize + k->p_vm_ssize + k->p_vm_tsize)
584 #define	RDIFF_N(t, n) \
585 	if (((const t *)((const char *)ka + v->off))[n] > ((const t *)((const char *)kb + v->off))[n]) \
586 		return 1; \
587 	if (((const t *)((const char *)ka + v->off))[n] < ((const t *)((const char *)kb + v->off))[n]) \
588 		return -1;
589 
590 #define	RDIFF(type) RDIFF_N(type, 0); continue
591 
592 	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(ve, &sortlist, next) {
593 		v = ve->var;
594 		if (v->flag & LWP)
595 			/* LWP structure not available (yet) */
596 			continue;
597 		/* Sort on pvar() fields, + a few others */
598 		switch (v->type) {
599 		case CHAR:
600 			RDIFF(char);
601 		case UCHAR:
602 			RDIFF(u_char);
603 		case SHORT:
604 			RDIFF(short);
605 		case USHORT:
606 			RDIFF(ushort);
607 		case INT:
608 			RDIFF(int);
609 		case UINT:
610 			RDIFF(uint);
611 		case LONG:
612 			RDIFF(long);
613 		case ULONG:
614 			RDIFF(ulong);
615 		case INT32:
616 			RDIFF(int32_t);
617 		case UINT32:
618 			RDIFF(uint32_t);
619 		case SIGLIST:
620 			sa = (const void *)((const char *)a + v->off);
621 			sb = (const void *)((const char *)b + v->off);
622 			i = 0;
623 			do {
624 				if (sa->__bits[i] > sb->__bits[i])
625 					return 1;
626 				if (sa->__bits[i] < sb->__bits[i])
627 					return -1;
628 				i++;
629 			} while (i < sizeof sa->__bits / sizeof sa->__bits[0]);
630 			continue;
631 		case INT64:
632 			RDIFF(int64_t);
633 		case KPTR:
634 		case KPTR24:
635 		case UINT64:
636 			RDIFF(uint64_t);
637 		case TIMEVAL:
638 			/* compare xxx_sec then xxx_usec */
639 			RDIFF_N(uint32_t, 0);
640 			RDIFF_N(uint32_t, 1);
641 			continue;
642 		case CPUTIME:
643 			i64 = ka->p_rtime_sec * 1000000 + ka->p_rtime_usec;
644 			i64 -= kb->p_rtime_sec * 1000000 + kb->p_rtime_usec;
645 			if (sumrusage) {
646 				i64 += ka->p_uctime_sec * 1000000
647 				    + ka->p_uctime_usec;
648 				i64 -= kb->p_uctime_sec * 1000000
649 				    + kb->p_uctime_usec;
650 			}
651 			if (i64 != 0)
652 				return i64 > 0 ? 1 : -1;
653 			continue;
654 		case PCPU:
655 			i = getpcpu(kb) - getpcpu(ka);
656 			if (i != 0)
657 				return i;
658 			continue;
659 		case VSIZE:
660 			i = V_SIZE(kb) - V_SIZE(ka);
661 			if (i != 0)
662 				return i;
663 			continue;
664 
665 		default:
666 			/* Ignore everything else */
667 			break;
668 		}
669 	}
670 	return 0;
671 
672 #undef VSIZE
673 }
674 
675 /*
676  * ICK (all for getopt), would rather hide the ugliness
677  * here than taint the main code.
678  *
679  *  ps foo -> ps -foo
680  *  ps 34 -> ps -p34
681  *
682  * The old convention that 't' with no trailing tty arg means the user's
683  * tty, is only supported if argv[1] doesn't begin with a '-'.  This same
684  * feature is available with the option 'T', which takes no argument.
685  */
686 static char *
687 kludge_oldps_options(char *s)
688 {
689 	size_t len;
690 	char *newopts, *ns, *cp;
691 
692 	len = strlen(s);
693 	if ((newopts = ns = malloc(len + 3)) == NULL)
694 		err(1, NULL);
695 	/*
696 	 * options begin with '-'
697 	 */
698 	if (*s != '-')
699 		*ns++ = '-';	/* add option flag */
700 	/*
701 	 * gaze to end of argv[1]
702 	 */
703 	cp = s + len - 1;
704 	/*
705 	 * if the last letter is a 't' flag and there are no other option
706 	 * characters that take arguments (eg U, p, o) in the option
707 	 * string and the option string doesn't start with a '-' then
708 	 * convert to 'T' (meaning *this* terminal, i.e. ttyname(0)).
709 	 */
710 	if (*cp == 't' && *s != '-' && strpbrk(s, ARGOPTS) == NULL)
711 		*cp = 'T';
712 	else {
713 		/*
714 		 * otherwise check for trailing number, which *may* be a
715 		 * pid.
716 		 */
717 		while (cp >= s && isdigit((unsigned char)*cp))
718 			--cp;
719 	}
720 	cp++;
721 	memmove(ns, s, (size_t)(cp - s));	/* copy up to trailing number */
722 	ns += cp - s;
723 	/*
724 	 * if there's a trailing number, and not a preceding 'p' (pid) or
725 	 * 't' (tty) flag, then assume it's a pid and insert a 'p' flag.
726 	 */
727 	if (isdigit((unsigned char)*cp) &&
728 	    (cp == s || (cp[-1] != 'U' && cp[-1] != 't' && cp[-1] != 'p' &&
729 	    cp[-1] != '/' && (cp - 1 == s || cp[-2] != 't'))))
730 		*ns++ = 'p';
731 	/* and append the number */
732 	(void)strcpy(ns, cp);		/* XXX strcpy is safe here */
733 
734 	return (newopts);
735 }
736 
737 static int
738 parsenum(const char *str, const char *msg)
739 {
740 	char *ep;
741 	unsigned long ul;
742 
743 	ul = strtoul(str, &ep, 0);
744 
745 	if (*str == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
746 		errx(1, "Invalid %s: `%s'", msg, str);
747 
748 	if (ul > INT_MAX)
749 		errx(1, "Out of range %s: `%s'", msg, str);
750 
751 	return (int)ul;
752 }
753 
754 static void
755 usage(void)
756 {
757 
758 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
759 	    "usage:\t%s\n\t   %s\n\t%s\n",
760 	    "ps [-acCehjlmrsSTuvwx] [-k key] [-O|o fmt] [-p pid] [-t tty]",
761 	    "[-M core] [-N system] [-W swap] [-U username]",
762 	    "ps [-L]");
763 	exit(1);
764 	/* NOTREACHED */
765 }
766