xref: /netbsd-src/bin/ps/ps.c (revision 181254a7b1bdde6873432bffef2d2decc4b5c22f)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ps.c,v 1.93 2019/09/15 15:27:50 kamil Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2000-2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Simon Burge.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
34  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
45  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
46  *    without specific prior written permission.
47  *
48  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
49  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
50  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
51  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
52  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
53  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
54  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
55  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
56  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
57  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
58  * SUCH DAMAGE.
59  */
60 
61 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
62 #ifndef lint
63 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994\
64  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
65 #endif /* not lint */
66 
67 #ifndef lint
68 #if 0
69 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ps.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
70 #else
71 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ps.c,v 1.93 2019/09/15 15:27:50 kamil Exp $");
72 #endif
73 #endif /* not lint */
74 
75 #include <sys/param.h>
76 #include <sys/time.h>
77 #include <sys/resource.h>
78 #include <sys/lwp.h>
79 #include <sys/proc.h>
80 #include <sys/stat.h>
81 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
82 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
83 
84 #include <stddef.h>
85 #include <ctype.h>
86 #include <err.h>
87 #include <errno.h>
88 #include <fcntl.h>
89 #include <kvm.h>
90 #include <limits.h>
91 #include <locale.h>
92 #include <math.h>
93 #include <nlist.h>
94 #include <paths.h>
95 #include <pwd.h>
96 #include <stdio.h>
97 #include <stdlib.h>
98 #include <string.h>
99 #include <unistd.h>
100 
101 #include "ps.h"
102 
103 /*
104  * ARGOPTS must contain all option characters that take arguments
105  * (except for 't'!) - it is used in kludge_oldps_options()
106  */
107 #define	GETOPTSTR	"aAcCdeghjk:LlM:mN:O:o:p:rSsTt:U:uvW:wx"
108 #define	ARGOPTS		"kMNOopUW"
109 
110 struct varlist displaylist = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(displaylist);
111 struct varlist sortlist = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sortlist);
112 
113 int	eval;			/* exit value */
114 int	sumrusage;		/* -S */
115 int	termwidth;		/* width of screen (0 == infinity) */
116 int	totwidth;		/* calculated width of requested variables */
117 
118 int	needcomm, needenv, commandonly;
119 uid_t	myuid;
120 
121 static struct kinfo_lwp
122 		*pick_representative_lwp(struct kinfo_proc2 *,
123 		    struct kinfo_lwp *, int);
124 static struct kinfo_proc2
125 		*getkinfo_kvm(kvm_t *, int, int, int *);
126 static struct pinfo
127 		*setpinfo(struct kinfo_proc2 *, int, int, int);
128 static char	*kludge_oldps_options(char *);
129 static int	 pscomp(const void *, const void *);
130 static void	 scanvars(void);
131 __dead static void	 usage(void);
132 static int	 parsenum(const char *, const char *);
133 static void	 descendant_sort(struct pinfo *, int);
134 
135 char dfmt[] = "pid tt state time command";
136 char jfmt[] = "user pid ppid pgid sess jobc state tt time command";
137 char lfmt[] = "uid pid ppid cpu pri nice vsz rss wchan state tt time command";
138 char sfmt[] = "uid pid ppid cpu lid nlwp pri nice vsz rss wchan lstate tt "
139 		"ltime command";
140 char ufmt[] = "user pid %cpu %mem vsz rss tt state start time command";
141 char vfmt[] = "pid state time sl re pagein vsz rss lim tsiz %cpu %mem command";
142 
143 const char *default_fmt = dfmt;
144 
145 struct varent *Opos = NULL; /* -O flag inserts after this point */
146 
147 kvm_t *kd;
148 
149 static long long
150 ttyname2dev(const char *ttname, int *xflg, int *what)
151 {
152 	struct stat sb;
153 	const char *ttypath;
154 	char pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
155 
156 	ttypath = NULL;
157 	if (strcmp(ttname, "?") == 0) {
158 		*xflg = 1;
159 		return KERN_PROC_TTY_NODEV;
160 	}
161 	if (strcmp(ttname, "-") == 0)
162 		return KERN_PROC_TTY_REVOKE;
163 
164 	if (strcmp(ttname, "co") == 0)
165 		ttypath = _PATH_CONSOLE;
166 	else if (strncmp(ttname, "pts/", 4) == 0 ||
167 		strncmp(ttname, "tty", 3) == 0) {
168 		(void)snprintf(pathbuf,
169 		    sizeof(pathbuf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, ttname);
170 		ttypath = pathbuf;
171 	} else if (*ttname != '/') {
172 		(void)snprintf(pathbuf,
173 		    sizeof(pathbuf), "%s%s", _PATH_TTY, ttname);
174 		ttypath = pathbuf;
175 	} else
176 		ttypath = ttname;
177 	*what = KERN_PROC_TTY;
178 	if (stat(ttypath, &sb) == -1) {
179 		devmajor_t pts;
180 		int serrno;
181 
182 		serrno = errno;
183 		pts = getdevmajor("pts", S_IFCHR);
184 		if (pts != NODEVMAJOR && strncmp(ttname, "pts/", 4) == 0) {
185 			int ptsminor = atoi(ttname + 4);
186 
187 			snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "pts/%d", ptsminor);
188 			if (strcmp(pathbuf, ttname) == 0 && ptsminor >= 0)
189 				return makedev(pts, ptsminor);
190 		}
191 		errno = serrno;
192 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", ttypath);
193 	}
194 	if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
195 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: not a terminal", ttypath);
196 	return sb.st_rdev;
197 }
198 
199 int
200 main(int argc, char *argv[])
201 {
202 	struct kinfo_proc2 *kinfo;
203 	struct pinfo *pinfo;
204 	struct varent *vent;
205 	struct winsize ws;
206 	struct kinfo_lwp *kl, *l;
207 	int ch, i, j, fmt, lineno, descendancy, nentries, nlwps;
208 	long long flag;
209 	int calc_pcpu, prtheader, wflag, what, xflg, rawcpu, showlwps;
210 	char *nlistf, *memf, *swapf, errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
211 	char *ttname;
212 
213 	setprogname(argv[0]);
214 	(void)setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
215 
216 	if ((ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
217 	     ioctl(STDERR_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
218 	     ioctl(STDIN_FILENO,  TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1) ||
219 	     ws.ws_col == 0)
220 		termwidth = 79;
221 	else
222 		termwidth = ws.ws_col - 1;
223 
224 	if (argc > 1)
225 		argv[1] = kludge_oldps_options(argv[1]);
226 
227 	descendancy = fmt = prtheader = wflag = xflg = rawcpu = showlwps = 0;
228 	what = KERN_PROC_UID;
229 	flag = myuid = getuid();
230 	memf = nlistf = swapf = NULL;
231 
232 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, GETOPTSTR)) != -1)
233 		switch((char)ch) {
234 		case 'A':
235 			/* "-A" shows all processes, like "-ax" */
236 			xflg = 1;
237 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
238 		case 'a':
239 			what = KERN_PROC_ALL;
240 			flag = 0;
241 			break;
242 		case 'c':
243 			commandonly = 1;
244 			break;
245 		case 'd':
246 			descendancy = 1;
247 			break;
248 		case 'e':			/* XXX set ufmt */
249 			needenv = 1;
250 			break;
251 		case 'C':
252 			rawcpu = 1;
253 			break;
254 		case 'g':
255 			break;			/* no-op */
256 		case 'h':
257 			prtheader = ws.ws_row > 5 ? ws.ws_row : 22;
258 			break;
259 		case 'j':
260 			parsefmt(jfmt);
261 			fmt = 1;
262 			jfmt[0] = '\0';
263 			break;
264 		case 'k':
265 			parsesort(optarg);
266 			break;
267 		case 'K':
268 			break;			/* no-op - was dontuseprocfs */
269 		case 'L':
270 			showkey();
271 			return 0;
272 		case 'l':
273 			parsefmt(lfmt);
274 			fmt = 1;
275 			lfmt[0] = '\0';
276 			break;
277 		case 'M':
278 			memf = optarg;
279 			break;
280 		case 'm':
281 			parsesort("vsz");
282 			break;
283 		case 'N':
284 			nlistf = optarg;
285 			break;
286 		case 'O':
287 			/*
288 			 * If this is not the first -O option, insert
289 			 * just after the previous one.
290 			 *
291 			 * If there is no format yet, start with the default
292 			 * format, and insert after the pid column.
293 			 *
294 			 * If there is already a format, insert after
295 			 * the pid column, or at the end if there's no
296 			 * pid column.
297 			 */
298 			if (!Opos) {
299 				if (!fmt)
300 					parsefmt(default_fmt);
301 				Opos = varlist_find(&displaylist, "pid");
302 			}
303 			parsefmt_insert(optarg, &Opos);
304 			fmt = 1;
305 			break;
306 		case 'o':
307 			parsefmt(optarg);
308 			fmt = 1;
309 			break;
310 		case 'p':
311 			what = KERN_PROC_PID;
312 			flag = parsenum(optarg, "process id");
313 			xflg = 1;
314 			break;
315 		case 'r':
316 			parsesort("%cpu");
317 			break;
318 		case 'S':
319 			sumrusage = 1;
320 			break;
321 		case 's':
322 			/* -L was already taken... */
323 			showlwps = 1;
324 			default_fmt = sfmt;
325 			break;
326 		case 'T':
327 			if ((ttname = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)) == NULL)
328 				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "stdin: not a terminal");
329 			flag = ttyname2dev(ttname, &xflg, &what);
330 			break;
331 		case 't':
332 			flag = ttyname2dev(optarg, &xflg, &what);
333 			break;
334 		case 'U':
335 			if (*optarg != '\0') {
336 				struct passwd *pw;
337 
338 				what = KERN_PROC_UID;
339 				pw = getpwnam(optarg);
340 				if (pw == NULL) {
341 					flag = parsenum(optarg, "user name");
342 				} else
343 					flag = pw->pw_uid;
344 			}
345 			break;
346 		case 'u':
347 			parsefmt(ufmt);
348 			parsesort("%cpu");
349 			fmt = 1;
350 			ufmt[0] = '\0';
351 			break;
352 		case 'v':
353 			parsefmt(vfmt);
354 			parsesort("vsz");
355 			fmt = 1;
356 			vfmt[0] = '\0';
357 			break;
358 		case 'W':
359 			swapf = optarg;
360 			break;
361 		case 'w':
362 			if (wflag)
363 				termwidth = UNLIMITED;
364 			else if (termwidth < 131)
365 				termwidth = 131;
366 			wflag++;
367 			break;
368 		case 'x':
369 			xflg = 1;
370 			break;
371 		case '?':
372 		default:
373 			usage();
374 		}
375 	argc -= optind;
376 	argv += optind;
377 
378 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
379 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
380 	if (*argv) {
381 		nlistf = *argv;
382 		if (*++argv) {
383 			memf = *argv;
384 			if (*++argv)
385 				swapf = *argv;
386 		}
387 	}
388 #endif
389 
390 	if (memf == NULL) {
391 		kd = kvm_openfiles(NULL, NULL, NULL, KVM_NO_FILES, errbuf);
392 		donlist_sysctl();
393 	} else
394 		kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, swapf, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
395 
396 	if (kd == NULL)
397 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", errbuf);
398 
399 	if (!fmt)
400 		parsefmt(default_fmt);
401 
402 	/* Add default sort criteria */
403 	parsesort("tdev,pid");
404 	calc_pcpu = 0;
405 	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &sortlist, next) {
406 		if (vent->var->flag & LWP || vent->var->type == UNSPECIFIED)
407 			warnx("Cannot sort on %s, sort key ignored",
408 				vent->var->name);
409 		if (vent->var->type == PCPU)
410 			calc_pcpu = 1;
411 	}
412 	if (!calc_pcpu)
413 		SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next)
414 			if (vent->var->type == PCPU) {
415 				calc_pcpu = 1;
416 				break;
417 			}
418 
419 	/*
420 	 * scan requested variables, noting what structures are needed.
421 	 */
422 	scanvars();
423 
424 	/*
425 	 * select procs
426 	 */
427 	if (!(kinfo = getkinfo_kvm(kd, what, flag, &nentries)))
428 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
429 	if (nentries == 0) {
430 		printheader();
431 		return 1;
432 	}
433 	pinfo = setpinfo(kinfo, nentries, calc_pcpu, rawcpu);
434 
435 	/*
436 	 * sort proc list
437 	 */
438 	qsort(pinfo, nentries, sizeof(struct pinfo), pscomp);
439 
440 	/*
441 	 * We want things in descendant order
442 	 */
443 	if (descendancy)
444 		descendant_sort(pinfo, nentries);
445 
446 	/*
447 	 * For each proc, call each variable output function in
448 	 * "setwidth" mode to determine the widest element of
449 	 * the column.
450 	 */
451 
452 	for (i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
453 		struct pinfo *pi = &pinfo[i];
454 		struct kinfo_proc2 *ki = pi->ki;
455 
456 		if (xflg == 0 && (ki->p_tdev == (uint32_t)NODEV ||
457 		    (ki->p_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0))
458 			continue;
459 
460 		kl = kvm_getlwps(kd, ki->p_pid, ki->p_paddr,
461 		    sizeof(struct kinfo_lwp), &nlwps);
462 		if (kl == 0)
463 			nlwps = 0;
464 		if (showlwps == 0) {
465 			l = pick_representative_lwp(ki, kl, nlwps);
466 			SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next)
467 				OUTPUT(vent, l, pi, ki, WIDTHMODE);
468 		} else {
469 			/* The printing is done with the loops
470 			 * reversed, but here we don't need that,
471 			 * and this improves the code locality a bit.
472 			 */
473 			SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next)
474 				for (j = 0; j < nlwps; j++)
475 					OUTPUT(vent, &kl[j], pi, ki, WIDTHMODE);
476 		}
477 	}
478 	/*
479 	 * Print header - AFTER determining process field widths.
480 	 * printheader() also adds up the total width of all
481 	 * fields the first time it's called.
482 	 */
483 	printheader();
484 	/*
485 	 * For each proc, call each variable output function in
486 	 * print mode.
487 	 */
488 	for (i = lineno = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
489 		struct pinfo *pi = &pinfo[i];
490 		struct kinfo_proc2 *ki = pi->ki;
491 
492 		if (xflg == 0 && (ki->p_tdev == (uint32_t)NODEV ||
493 		    (ki->p_flag & P_CONTROLT ) == 0))
494 			continue;
495 		kl = kvm_getlwps(kd, ki->p_pid, (u_long)ki->p_paddr,
496 		    sizeof(struct kinfo_lwp), &nlwps);
497 		if (kl == 0)
498 			nlwps = 0;
499 		if (showlwps == 0) {
500 			l = pick_representative_lwp(ki, kl, nlwps);
501 			SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next) {
502 				OUTPUT(vent, l, pi, ki, PRINTMODE);
503 				if (SIMPLEQ_NEXT(vent, next) != NULL)
504 					(void)putchar(' ');
505 			}
506 			(void)putchar('\n');
507 			if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
508 				(void)putchar('\n');
509 				printheader();
510 				lineno = 0;
511 			}
512 		} else {
513 			for (j = 0; j < nlwps; j++) {
514 				SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next) {
515 					OUTPUT(vent, &kl[j], pi, ki, PRINTMODE);
516 					if (SIMPLEQ_NEXT(vent, next) != NULL)
517 						(void)putchar(' ');
518 				}
519 				(void)putchar('\n');
520 				if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
521 					(void)putchar('\n');
522 					printheader();
523 					lineno = 0;
524 				}
525 			}
526 		}
527 	}
528 
529 #ifdef __NO_LEAKS
530 	free(pinfo);
531 #endif
532 
533 	return eval;
534 }
535 
536 static struct kinfo_lwp *
537 pick_representative_lwp(struct kinfo_proc2 *ki, struct kinfo_lwp *kl, int nlwps)
538 {
539 	int i, onproc, running, sleeping, stopped, suspended;
540 	static struct kinfo_lwp zero_lwp;
541 
542 	if (kl == 0)
543 		return &zero_lwp;
544 
545 	/* Trivial case: only one LWP */
546 	if (nlwps == 1)
547 		return kl;
548 
549 	switch (ki->p_realstat) {
550 	case SSTOP:
551 	case SACTIVE:
552 		/* Pick the most live LWP */
553 		onproc = running = sleeping = stopped = suspended = -1;
554 		for (i = 0; i < nlwps; i++) {
555 			switch (kl[i].l_stat) {
556 			case LSONPROC:
557 				onproc = i;
558 				break;
559 			case LSRUN:
560 				running = i;
561 				break;
562 			case LSSLEEP:
563 				sleeping = i;
564 				break;
565 			case LSSTOP:
566 				stopped = i;
567 				break;
568 			case LSSUSPENDED:
569 				suspended = i;
570 				break;
571 			}
572 		}
573 		if (onproc != -1)
574 			return &kl[onproc];
575 		if (running != -1)
576 			return &kl[running];
577 		if (sleeping != -1)
578 			return &kl[sleeping];
579 		if (stopped != -1)
580 			return &kl[stopped];
581 		if (suspended != -1)
582 			return &kl[suspended];
583 		break;
584 	case SZOMB:
585 		/* First will do */
586 		return kl;
587 		break;
588 	}
589 	/* Error condition! */
590 	warnx("Inconsistent LWP state for process %d", ki->p_pid);
591 	return kl;
592 }
593 
594 static struct kinfo_proc2 *
595 getkinfo_kvm(kvm_t *kdp, int what, int flag, int *nentriesp)
596 {
597 
598 	return (kvm_getproc2(kdp, what, flag, sizeof(struct kinfo_proc2),
599 	    nentriesp));
600 }
601 
602 static struct pinfo *
603 setpinfo(struct kinfo_proc2 *ki, int nentries, int calc_pcpu, int rawcpu)
604 {
605 	struct pinfo *pi;
606 	int i;
607 
608 	pi = calloc(nentries, sizeof(*pi));
609 	if (pi == NULL)
610 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");
611 
612 	if (calc_pcpu && !nlistread)
613 		donlist();
614 
615 	for (i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
616 		pi[i].ki = &ki[i];
617 		if (!calc_pcpu)
618 			continue;
619 		if (ki[i].p_swtime == 0 || ki[i].p_realstat == SZOMB) {
620 			pi[i].pcpu = 0.0;
621 			continue;
622 		}
623 		pi[i].pcpu = 100.0 * (double)ki[i].p_pctcpu / fscale;
624 		if (!rawcpu)
625 			pi[i].pcpu /= 1.0 - exp(ki[i].p_swtime * log_ccpu);
626 	}
627 
628 	return pi;
629 }
630 
631 static void
632 scanvars(void)
633 {
634 	struct varent *vent;
635 	VAR *v;
636 
637 	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(vent, &displaylist, next) {
638 		v = vent->var;
639 		if (v->flag & COMM) {
640 			needcomm = 1;
641 			break;
642 		}
643 	}
644 }
645 
646 static int
647 pscomp(const void *a, const void *b)
648 {
649 	const struct pinfo *pa = (const struct pinfo *)a;
650 	const struct pinfo *pb = (const struct pinfo *)b;
651 	const struct kinfo_proc2 *ka = pa->ki;
652 	const struct kinfo_proc2 *kb = pb->ki;
653 
654 	int i;
655 	int64_t i64;
656 	VAR *v;
657 	struct varent *ve;
658 	const sigset_t *sa, *sb;
659 
660 #define	V_SIZE(k) ((k)->p_vm_msize)
661 #define	RDIFF_N(t, n) \
662 	if (((const t *)((const char *)ka + v->off))[n] > ((const t *)((const char *)kb + v->off))[n]) \
663 		return 1; \
664 	if (((const t *)((const char *)ka + v->off))[n] < ((const t *)((const char *)kb + v->off))[n]) \
665 		return -1;
666 
667 #define	RDIFF(type) RDIFF_N(type, 0); continue
668 
669 	SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(ve, &sortlist, next) {
670 		v = ve->var;
671 		if (v->flag & LWP)
672 			/* LWP structure not available (yet) */
673 			continue;
674 		/* Sort on pvar() fields, + a few others */
675 		switch (v->type) {
676 		case CHAR:
677 			RDIFF(char);
678 		case UCHAR:
679 			RDIFF(u_char);
680 		case SHORT:
681 			RDIFF(short);
682 		case USHORT:
683 			RDIFF(ushort);
684 		case INT:
685 			RDIFF(int);
686 		case UINT:
687 			RDIFF(uint);
688 		case LONG:
689 			RDIFF(long);
690 		case ULONG:
691 			RDIFF(ulong);
692 		case INT32:
693 			RDIFF(int32_t);
694 		case UINT32:
695 			RDIFF(uint32_t);
696 		case SIGLIST:
697 			sa = (const void *)((const char *)ka + v->off);
698 			sb = (const void *)((const char *)kb + v->off);
699 			i = 0;
700 			do {
701 				if (sa->__bits[i] > sb->__bits[i])
702 					return 1;
703 				if (sa->__bits[i] < sb->__bits[i])
704 					return -1;
705 				i++;
706 			} while (i < (int)__arraycount(sa->__bits));
707 			continue;
708 		case INT64:
709 			RDIFF(int64_t);
710 		case KPTR:
711 		case KPTR24:
712 		case UINT64:
713 			RDIFF(uint64_t);
714 		case TIMEVAL:
715 			/* compare xxx_sec then xxx_usec */
716 			RDIFF_N(uint32_t, 0);
717 			RDIFF_N(uint32_t, 1);
718 			continue;
719 		case CPUTIME:
720 			i64 = ka->p_rtime_sec * 1000000 + ka->p_rtime_usec;
721 			i64 -= kb->p_rtime_sec * 1000000 + kb->p_rtime_usec;
722 			if (sumrusage) {
723 				i64 += ka->p_uctime_sec * 1000000
724 				    + ka->p_uctime_usec;
725 				i64 -= kb->p_uctime_sec * 1000000
726 				    + kb->p_uctime_usec;
727 			}
728 			if (i64 != 0)
729 				return i64 > 0 ? 1 : -1;
730 			continue;
731 		case PCPU:
732 			i = pb->pcpu - pa->pcpu;
733 			if (i != 0)
734 				return i;
735 			continue;
736 		case VSIZE:
737 			i = V_SIZE(kb) - V_SIZE(ka);
738 			if (i != 0)
739 				return i;
740 			continue;
741 
742 		default:
743 			/* Ignore everything else */
744 			break;
745 		}
746 	}
747 	return 0;
748 
749 #undef VSIZE
750 }
751 
752 /*
753  * ICK (all for getopt), would rather hide the ugliness
754  * here than taint the main code.
755  *
756  *  ps foo -> ps -foo
757  *  ps 34 -> ps -p34
758  *
759  * The old convention that 't' with no trailing tty arg means the user's
760  * tty, is only supported if argv[1] doesn't begin with a '-'.  This same
761  * feature is available with the option 'T', which takes no argument.
762  */
763 static char *
764 kludge_oldps_options(char *s)
765 {
766 	size_t len;
767 	char *newopts, *ns, *cp;
768 
769 	len = strlen(s);
770 	if ((newopts = ns = malloc(len + 3)) == NULL)
771 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, NULL);
772 	/*
773 	 * options begin with '-'
774 	 */
775 	if (*s != '-')
776 		*ns++ = '-';	/* add option flag */
777 	/*
778 	 * gaze to end of argv[1]
779 	 */
780 	cp = s + len - 1;
781 	/*
782 	 * if the last letter is a 't' flag and there are no other option
783 	 * characters that take arguments (eg U, p, o) in the option
784 	 * string and the option string doesn't start with a '-' then
785 	 * convert to 'T' (meaning *this* terminal, i.e. ttyname(0)).
786 	 */
787 	if (*cp == 't' && *s != '-' && strpbrk(s, ARGOPTS) == NULL)
788 		*cp = 'T';
789 	else {
790 		/*
791 		 * otherwise check for trailing number, which *may* be a
792 		 * pid.
793 		 */
794 		while (cp >= s && isdigit((unsigned char)*cp))
795 			--cp;
796 	}
797 	cp++;
798 	memmove(ns, s, (size_t)(cp - s));	/* copy up to trailing number */
799 	ns += cp - s;
800 	/*
801 	 * if there's a trailing number, and not a preceding 'p' (pid) or
802 	 * 't' (tty) flag, then assume it's a pid and insert a 'p' flag.
803 	 */
804 	if (isdigit((unsigned char)*cp) &&
805 	    (cp == s || (cp[-1] != 'U' && cp[-1] != 't' && cp[-1] != 'p' &&
806 	    cp[-1] != '/' && (cp - 1 == s || cp[-2] != 't'))))
807 		*ns++ = 'p';
808 	/* and append the number */
809 	(void)strcpy(ns, cp);		/* XXX strcpy is safe here */
810 
811 	return (newopts);
812 }
813 
814 static int
815 parsenum(const char *str, const char *msg)
816 {
817 	char *ep;
818 	unsigned long ul;
819 
820 	ul = strtoul(str, &ep, 0);
821 
822 	if (*str == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
823 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid %s: `%s'", msg, str);
824 
825 	if (ul > INT_MAX)
826 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Out of range %s: `%s'", msg, str);
827 
828 	return (int)ul;
829 }
830 
831 static void
832 descendant_sort(struct pinfo *ki, int items)
833 {
834 	int dst, lvl, maxlvl, n, ndst, nsrc, siblings, src;
835 	unsigned char *path;
836 	struct pinfo kn;
837 
838 	/*
839 	 * First, sort the entries by descendancy, tracking the descendancy
840 	 * depth in the level field.
841 	 */
842 	src = 0;
843 	maxlvl = 0;
844 	while (src < items) {
845 		if (ki[src].level) {
846 			src++;
847 			continue;
848 		}
849 		for (nsrc = 1; src + nsrc < items; nsrc++)
850 			if (!ki[src + nsrc].level)
851 				break;
852 
853 		for (dst = 0; dst < items; dst++) {
854 			if (ki[dst].ki->p_pid == ki[src].ki->p_pid)
855 				continue;
856 			if (ki[dst].ki->p_pid == ki[src].ki->p_ppid)
857 				break;
858 		}
859 
860 		if (dst == items) {
861 			src += nsrc;
862 			continue;
863 		}
864 
865 		for (ndst = 1; dst + ndst < items; ndst++)
866 			if (ki[dst + ndst].level <= ki[dst].level)
867 				break;
868 
869 		for (n = src; n < src + nsrc; n++) {
870 			ki[n].level += ki[dst].level + 1;
871 			if (maxlvl < ki[n].level)
872 				maxlvl = ki[n].level;
873 		}
874 
875 		while (nsrc) {
876 			if (src < dst) {
877 				kn = ki[src];
878 				memmove(ki + src, ki + src + 1,
879 				    (dst - src + ndst - 1) * sizeof *ki);
880 				ki[dst + ndst - 1] = kn;
881 				nsrc--;
882 				dst--;
883 				ndst++;
884 			} else if (src != dst + ndst) {
885 				kn = ki[src];
886 				memmove(ki + dst + ndst + 1, ki + dst + ndst,
887 				    (src - dst - ndst) * sizeof *ki);
888 				ki[dst + ndst] = kn;
889 				ndst++;
890 				nsrc--;
891 				src++;
892 			} else {
893 				ndst += nsrc;
894 				src += nsrc;
895 				nsrc = 0;
896 			}
897 		}
898 	}
899 
900 	/*
901 	 * Now populate prefix (instead of level) with the command
902 	 * prefix used to show descendancies.
903 	 */
904 	path = malloc((maxlvl + 7) / 8);
905 	memset(path, '\0', (maxlvl + 7) / 8);
906 	for (src = 0; src < items; src++) {
907 		if ((lvl = ki[src].level) == 0) {
908 			ki[src].prefix = NULL;
909 			continue;
910 		}
911 		if ((ki[src].prefix = malloc(lvl * 2 + 1)) == NULL)
912 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc failed");
913 		for (n = 0; n < lvl - 2; n++) {
914 			ki[src].prefix[n * 2] =
915 			    path[n / 8] & 1 << (n % 8) ? '|' : ' ';
916 			ki[src].prefix[n * 2 + 1] = ' ';
917 
918 		}
919 		if (n == lvl - 2) {
920 			/* Have I any more siblings? */
921 			for (siblings = 0, dst = src + 1; dst < items; dst++) {
922 				if (ki[dst].level > lvl)
923 					continue;
924 				if (ki[dst].level == lvl)
925 					siblings = 1;
926 				break;
927 			}
928 			if (siblings)
929 				path[n / 8] |= 1 << (n % 8);
930 			else
931 				path[n / 8] &= ~(1 << (n % 8));
932 			ki[src].prefix[n * 2] = siblings ? '|' : '`';
933 			ki[src].prefix[n * 2 + 1] = '-';
934 			n++;
935 		}
936 		strcpy(ki[src].prefix + n * 2, "- ");
937 	}
938 	free(path);
939 }
940 
941 static void
942 usage(void)
943 {
944 
945 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
946 	    "usage:\t%s\n\t   %s\n\t%s\n",
947 	    "ps [-AaCcdehjlmrSsTuvwx] [-k key] [-M core] [-N system] [-O fmt]",
948 	    "[-o fmt] [-p pid] [-t tty] [-U user] [-W swap]",
949 	    "ps -L");
950 	exit(1);
951 	/* NOTREACHED */
952 }
953