1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.\n\ 41 All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 5.16 (Berkeley) 4/28/93"; 46 #endif /* not lint */ 47 48 #include <sys/param.h> 49 #include <sys/stat.h> 50 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 51 #include <sys/mtio.h> 52 53 #include <ctype.h> 54 #include <errno.h> 55 #include <fcntl.h> 56 #include <signal.h> 57 #include <stdio.h> 58 #include <stdlib.h> 59 #include <string.h> 60 #include <unistd.h> 61 62 #include "dd.h" 63 #include "extern.h" 64 65 static void dd_close __P((void)); 66 static void dd_in __P((void)); 67 static void setup __P((void)); 68 69 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 70 STAT st; /* statistics */ 71 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 72 u_long cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 73 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 74 u_int cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 75 u_int files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 76 int errstats; /* show statistics on error */ 77 u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 78 79 int 80 main(argc, argv) 81 int argc; 82 char *argv[]; 83 { 84 jcl(argv); 85 setup(); 86 87 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summary); 88 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 89 90 for (errstats = 1; files_cnt--;) 91 dd_in(); 92 93 dd_close(); 94 summary(0); 95 exit(0); 96 } 97 98 static void 99 setup() 100 { 101 register u_int cnt; 102 struct stat sb; 103 struct mtget mt; 104 105 if (in.name == NULL) { 106 in.name = "stdin"; 107 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 108 } else { 109 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 110 if (in.fd < 0) 111 err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 112 } 113 114 if (fstat(in.fd, &sb)) 115 err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 116 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 117 in.flags |= ioctl(in.fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE; 118 else if (lseek(in.fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 119 in.flags |= ISPIPE; /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */ 120 121 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 122 err("files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 123 124 if (out.name == NULL) { 125 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 126 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 127 out.name = "stdout"; 128 } else { 129 #define OFLAGS \ 130 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 131 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 132 /* 133 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 134 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 135 * not support seeks. 136 */ 137 if (out.fd < 0) { 138 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 139 out.flags |= NOREAD; 140 } 141 if (out.fd < 0) 142 err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno)); 143 } 144 145 if (fstat(out.fd, &sb)) 146 err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno)); 147 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 148 out.flags |= ioctl(out.fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE; 149 else if (lseek(out.fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 150 out.flags |= ISPIPE; /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */ 151 152 /* 153 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 154 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 155 */ 156 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) { 157 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 158 err("%s", strerror(errno)); 159 out.db = in.db; 160 } else if ((in.db = 161 malloc((u_int)(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz))) == NULL || 162 (out.db = malloc((u_int)(out.dbsz + cbsz))) == NULL) 163 err("%s", strerror(errno)); 164 in.dbp = in.db; 165 out.dbp = out.db; 166 167 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 168 if (in.offset) 169 pos_in(); 170 if (out.offset) 171 pos_out(); 172 173 /* 174 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 175 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 176 */ 177 if (ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 178 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, (off_t)out.offset * out.dbsz); 179 180 /* 181 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 182 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 183 * built-in tables. 184 */ 185 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) 186 if (ddflags & C_ASCII) 187 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 188 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 189 if (isupper(ctab[cnt])) 190 ctab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 191 } else { 192 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 193 if (islower(ctab[cnt])) 194 ctab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 195 } 196 else if (ddflags & C_EBCDIC) 197 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 198 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 199 if (isupper(cnt)) 200 ctab[cnt] = ctab[tolower(cnt)]; 201 } else { 202 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 203 if (islower(cnt)) 204 ctab[cnt] = ctab[toupper(cnt)]; 205 } 206 else 207 ctab = ddflags & C_LCASE ? u2l : l2u; 208 (void)time(&st.start); /* Statistics timestamp. */ 209 } 210 211 static void 212 dd_in() 213 { 214 register int flags, n; 215 216 for (flags = ddflags;;) { 217 if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt) 218 return; 219 220 /* 221 * Zero the buffer first if trying to recover from errors so 222 * lose the minimum amount of data. If doing block operations 223 * use spaces. 224 */ 225 if (flags & (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) 226 if (flags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 227 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 228 else 229 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 230 231 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 232 if (n == 0) { 233 in.dbrcnt = 0; 234 return; 235 } 236 237 /* Read error. */ 238 if (n < 0) { 239 /* 240 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 241 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 242 */ 243 if (!(flags & C_NOERROR)) 244 err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 245 warn("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 246 summary(0); 247 248 /* 249 * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the 250 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 251 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 252 * in sector size chunks. 253 */ 254 if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) && 255 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 256 warn("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 257 258 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 259 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 260 continue; 261 262 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 263 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 264 ++st.in_full; 265 266 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 267 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 268 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 269 ++st.in_full; 270 271 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 272 } else { 273 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 274 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 275 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 276 else 277 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 278 ++st.in_part; 279 } 280 281 /* 282 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 283 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 284 * is output without buffering as it is read. 285 */ 286 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 287 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 288 dd_out(1); 289 in.dbcnt = 0; 290 continue; 291 } 292 293 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 294 if ((n = in.dbcnt) & 1) { 295 ++st.swab; 296 --n; 297 } 298 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 299 } 300 301 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 302 (*cfunc)(); 303 } 304 } 305 306 /* 307 * Cleanup any remaining I/O and flush output. If necesssary, output file 308 * is truncated. 309 */ 310 static void 311 dd_close() 312 { 313 if (cfunc == def) 314 def_close(); 315 else if (cfunc == block) 316 block_close(); 317 else if (cfunc == unblock) 318 unblock_close(); 319 if (out.dbcnt) 320 dd_out(1); 321 } 322 323 void 324 dd_out(force) 325 int force; 326 { 327 static int warned; 328 register int cnt, n, nw; 329 register u_char *outp; 330 331 /* 332 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 333 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 334 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 335 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 336 * 337 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 338 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 339 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 340 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 341 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 342 * never happened. 343 * 344 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 345 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 346 */ 347 outp = out.db; 348 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 349 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 350 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 351 if (nw < 0) 352 err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno)); 353 outp += nw; 354 st.bytes += nw; 355 if (nw == n) { 356 if (n != out.dbsz) 357 ++st.out_part; 358 else 359 ++st.out_full; 360 break; 361 } 362 ++st.out_part; 363 if (nw == cnt) 364 break; 365 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 366 warned = 1; 367 warn("%s: short write on character device", 368 out.name); 369 } 370 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 371 err("%s: short write on tape device", out.name); 372 } 373 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 374 break; 375 } 376 377 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 378 if (out.dbcnt) 379 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 380 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 381 } 382