1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";*/ 46 static char *rcsid = "$Id: dd.c,v 1.3 1994/09/22 09:25:04 mycroft Exp $"; 47 #endif /* not lint */ 48 49 #include <sys/param.h> 50 #include <sys/stat.h> 51 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 52 #include <sys/mtio.h> 53 54 #include <ctype.h> 55 #include <err.h> 56 #include <errno.h> 57 #include <fcntl.h> 58 #include <signal.h> 59 #include <stdio.h> 60 #include <stdlib.h> 61 #include <string.h> 62 #include <unistd.h> 63 64 #include "dd.h" 65 #include "extern.h" 66 67 static void dd_close __P((void)); 68 static void dd_in __P((void)); 69 static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 70 static void setup __P((void)); 71 72 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 73 STAT st; /* statistics */ 74 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 75 u_long cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 76 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 77 u_int cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 78 u_int files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 79 u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 80 81 int 82 main(argc, argv) 83 int argc; 84 char *argv[]; 85 { 86 jcl(argv); 87 setup(); 88 89 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 90 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 91 92 atexit(summary); 93 94 while (files_cnt--) 95 dd_in(); 96 97 dd_close(); 98 exit(0); 99 } 100 101 static void 102 setup() 103 { 104 u_int cnt; 105 106 if (in.name == NULL) { 107 in.name = "stdin"; 108 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 109 } else { 110 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 111 if (in.fd < 0) 112 err(1, "%s", in.name); 113 } 114 115 getfdtype(&in); 116 117 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 118 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 119 120 if (out.name == NULL) { 121 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 122 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 123 out.name = "stdout"; 124 } else { 125 #define OFLAGS \ 126 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 127 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 128 /* 129 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 130 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 131 * not support seeks. 132 */ 133 if (out.fd < 0) { 134 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 135 out.flags |= NOREAD; 136 } 137 if (out.fd < 0) 138 err(1, "%s", out.name); 139 } 140 141 getfdtype(&out); 142 143 /* 144 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 145 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 146 */ 147 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) { 148 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 149 err(1, NULL); 150 out.db = in.db; 151 } else if ((in.db = 152 malloc((u_int)(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz))) == NULL || 153 (out.db = malloc((u_int)(out.dbsz + cbsz))) == NULL) 154 err(1, NULL); 155 in.dbp = in.db; 156 out.dbp = out.db; 157 158 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 159 if (in.offset) 160 pos_in(); 161 if (out.offset) 162 pos_out(); 163 164 /* 165 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 166 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 167 */ 168 if (ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 169 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, (off_t)out.offset * out.dbsz); 170 171 /* 172 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 173 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 174 * built-in tables. 175 */ 176 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) 177 if (ddflags & C_ASCII) 178 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 179 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 180 if (isupper(ctab[cnt])) 181 ctab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 182 } else { 183 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 184 if (islower(ctab[cnt])) 185 ctab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 186 } 187 else if (ddflags & C_EBCDIC) 188 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 189 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 190 if (isupper(cnt)) 191 ctab[cnt] = ctab[tolower(cnt)]; 192 } else { 193 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 194 if (islower(cnt)) 195 ctab[cnt] = ctab[toupper(cnt)]; 196 } 197 else 198 ctab = ddflags & C_LCASE ? u2l : l2u; 199 (void)time(&st.start); /* Statistics timestamp. */ 200 } 201 202 static void 203 getfdtype(io) 204 IO *io; 205 { 206 struct mtget mt; 207 struct stat sb; 208 209 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb)) 210 err(1, "%s", io->name); 211 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 212 io->flags |= ioctl(io->fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE; 213 else if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 214 io->flags |= ISPIPE; /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */ 215 } 216 217 static void 218 dd_in() 219 { 220 int flags, n; 221 222 for (flags = ddflags;;) { 223 if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt) 224 return; 225 226 /* 227 * Zero the buffer first if trying to recover from errors so 228 * lose the minimum amount of data. If doing block operations 229 * use spaces. 230 */ 231 if ((flags & (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) == (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) 232 if (flags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 233 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 234 else 235 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 236 237 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 238 if (n == 0) { 239 in.dbrcnt = 0; 240 return; 241 } 242 243 /* Read error. */ 244 if (n < 0) { 245 /* 246 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 247 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 248 */ 249 if (!(flags & C_NOERROR)) 250 err(1, "%s", in.name); 251 warn("%s", in.name); 252 summary(); 253 254 /* 255 * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the 256 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 257 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 258 * in sector size chunks. 259 */ 260 if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) && 261 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 262 warn("%s", in.name); 263 264 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 265 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 266 continue; 267 268 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 269 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 270 ++st.in_full; 271 272 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 273 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 274 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 275 ++st.in_full; 276 277 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 278 } else { 279 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 280 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 281 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 282 else 283 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 284 ++st.in_part; 285 } 286 287 /* 288 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 289 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 290 * is output without buffering as it is read. 291 */ 292 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 293 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 294 dd_out(1); 295 in.dbcnt = 0; 296 continue; 297 } 298 299 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 300 if ((n = in.dbcnt) & 1) { 301 ++st.swab; 302 --n; 303 } 304 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 305 } 306 307 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 308 (*cfunc)(); 309 } 310 } 311 312 /* 313 * Cleanup any remaining I/O and flush output. If necesssary, output file 314 * is truncated. 315 */ 316 static void 317 dd_close() 318 { 319 if (cfunc == def) 320 def_close(); 321 else if (cfunc == block) 322 block_close(); 323 else if (cfunc == unblock) 324 unblock_close(); 325 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 326 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 327 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 328 } 329 if (out.dbcnt) 330 dd_out(1); 331 } 332 333 void 334 dd_out(force) 335 int force; 336 { 337 static int warned; 338 int cnt, n, nw; 339 u_char *outp; 340 341 /* 342 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 343 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 344 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 345 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 346 * 347 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 348 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 349 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 350 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 351 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 352 * never happened. 353 * 354 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 355 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 356 */ 357 outp = out.db; 358 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 359 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 360 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 361 if (nw <= 0) { 362 if (nw == 0) 363 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 364 if (errno != EINTR) 365 err(1, "%s", out.name); 366 nw = 0; 367 } 368 outp += nw; 369 st.bytes += nw; 370 if (nw == n) { 371 if (n != out.dbsz) 372 ++st.out_part; 373 else 374 ++st.out_full; 375 break; 376 } 377 ++st.out_part; 378 if (nw == cnt) 379 break; 380 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 381 warned = 1; 382 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 383 out.name); 384 } 385 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 386 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", out.name); 387 } 388 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 389 break; 390 } 391 392 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 393 if (out.dbcnt) 394 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 395 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 396 } 397