1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.\n\ 41 All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)dd.c 5.16 (Berkeley) 4/28/93";*/ 46 static char rcsid[] = "$Id: dd.c,v 1.2 1993/08/01 19:00:08 mycroft Exp $"; 47 #endif /* not lint */ 48 49 #include <sys/param.h> 50 #include <sys/stat.h> 51 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 52 #include <sys/mtio.h> 53 54 #include <ctype.h> 55 #include <errno.h> 56 #include <fcntl.h> 57 #include <signal.h> 58 #include <stdio.h> 59 #include <stdlib.h> 60 #include <string.h> 61 #include <unistd.h> 62 63 #include "dd.h" 64 #include "extern.h" 65 66 static void dd_close __P((void)); 67 static void dd_in __P((void)); 68 static void setup __P((void)); 69 70 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 71 STAT st; /* statistics */ 72 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 73 u_long cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 74 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 75 u_int cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 76 u_int files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 77 int errstats; /* show statistics on error */ 78 u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 79 80 int 81 main(argc, argv) 82 int argc; 83 char *argv[]; 84 { 85 jcl(argv); 86 setup(); 87 88 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summary); 89 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 90 91 for (errstats = 1; files_cnt--;) 92 dd_in(); 93 94 dd_close(); 95 summary(0); 96 exit(0); 97 } 98 99 static void 100 setup() 101 { 102 register u_int cnt; 103 struct stat sb; 104 struct mtget mt; 105 106 if (in.name == NULL) { 107 in.name = "stdin"; 108 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 109 } else { 110 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 111 if (in.fd < 0) 112 err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 113 } 114 115 if (fstat(in.fd, &sb)) 116 err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 117 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 118 in.flags |= ioctl(in.fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE; 119 else if (lseek(in.fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 120 in.flags |= ISPIPE; /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */ 121 122 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 123 err("files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 124 125 if (out.name == NULL) { 126 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 127 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 128 out.name = "stdout"; 129 } else { 130 #define OFLAGS \ 131 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 132 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 133 /* 134 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 135 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 136 * not support seeks. 137 */ 138 if (out.fd < 0) { 139 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 140 out.flags |= NOREAD; 141 } 142 if (out.fd < 0) 143 err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno)); 144 } 145 146 if (fstat(out.fd, &sb)) 147 err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno)); 148 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 149 out.flags |= ioctl(out.fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE; 150 else if (lseek(out.fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 151 out.flags |= ISPIPE; /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */ 152 153 /* 154 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 155 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 156 */ 157 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) { 158 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 159 err("%s", strerror(errno)); 160 out.db = in.db; 161 } else if ((in.db = 162 malloc((u_int)(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz))) == NULL || 163 (out.db = malloc((u_int)(out.dbsz + cbsz))) == NULL) 164 err("%s", strerror(errno)); 165 in.dbp = in.db; 166 out.dbp = out.db; 167 168 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 169 if (in.offset) 170 pos_in(); 171 if (out.offset) 172 pos_out(); 173 174 /* 175 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 176 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 177 */ 178 if (ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 179 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, (off_t)out.offset * out.dbsz); 180 181 /* 182 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 183 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 184 * built-in tables. 185 */ 186 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) 187 if (ddflags & C_ASCII) 188 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 189 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 190 if (isupper(ctab[cnt])) 191 ctab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 192 } else { 193 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 194 if (islower(ctab[cnt])) 195 ctab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 196 } 197 else if (ddflags & C_EBCDIC) 198 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 199 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 200 if (isupper(cnt)) 201 ctab[cnt] = ctab[tolower(cnt)]; 202 } else { 203 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 204 if (islower(cnt)) 205 ctab[cnt] = ctab[toupper(cnt)]; 206 } 207 else 208 ctab = ddflags & C_LCASE ? u2l : l2u; 209 (void)time(&st.start); /* Statistics timestamp. */ 210 } 211 212 static void 213 dd_in() 214 { 215 register int flags, n; 216 217 for (flags = ddflags;;) { 218 if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt) 219 return; 220 221 /* 222 * Zero the buffer first if trying to recover from errors so 223 * lose the minimum amount of data. If doing block operations 224 * use spaces. 225 */ 226 if (flags & (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) 227 if (flags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 228 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 229 else 230 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 231 232 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 233 if (n == 0) { 234 in.dbrcnt = 0; 235 return; 236 } 237 238 /* Read error. */ 239 if (n < 0) { 240 /* 241 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 242 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 243 */ 244 if (!(flags & C_NOERROR)) 245 err("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 246 warn("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 247 summary(0); 248 249 /* 250 * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the 251 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 252 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 253 * in sector size chunks. 254 */ 255 if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) && 256 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 257 warn("%s: %s", in.name, strerror(errno)); 258 259 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 260 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 261 continue; 262 263 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 264 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 265 ++st.in_full; 266 267 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 268 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 269 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 270 ++st.in_full; 271 272 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 273 } else { 274 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 275 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 276 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 277 else 278 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 279 ++st.in_part; 280 } 281 282 /* 283 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 284 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 285 * is output without buffering as it is read. 286 */ 287 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 288 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 289 dd_out(1); 290 in.dbcnt = 0; 291 continue; 292 } 293 294 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 295 if ((n = in.dbcnt) & 1) { 296 ++st.swab; 297 --n; 298 } 299 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 300 } 301 302 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 303 (*cfunc)(); 304 } 305 } 306 307 /* 308 * Cleanup any remaining I/O and flush output. If necesssary, output file 309 * is truncated. 310 */ 311 static void 312 dd_close() 313 { 314 if (cfunc == def) 315 def_close(); 316 else if (cfunc == block) 317 block_close(); 318 else if (cfunc == unblock) 319 unblock_close(); 320 if (out.dbcnt) 321 dd_out(1); 322 } 323 324 void 325 dd_out(force) 326 int force; 327 { 328 static int warned; 329 register int cnt, n, nw; 330 register u_char *outp; 331 332 /* 333 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 334 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 335 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 336 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 337 * 338 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 339 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 340 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 341 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 342 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 343 * never happened. 344 * 345 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 346 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 347 */ 348 outp = out.db; 349 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 350 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 351 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 352 if (nw < 0) 353 err("%s: %s", out.name, strerror(errno)); 354 outp += nw; 355 st.bytes += nw; 356 if (nw == n) { 357 if (n != out.dbsz) 358 ++st.out_part; 359 else 360 ++st.out_full; 361 break; 362 } 363 ++st.out_part; 364 if (nw == cnt) 365 break; 366 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 367 warned = 1; 368 warn("%s: short write on character device", 369 out.name); 370 } 371 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 372 err("%s: short write on tape device", out.name); 373 } 374 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 375 break; 376 } 377 378 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 379 if (out.dbcnt) 380 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 381 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 382 } 383