xref: /llvm-project/llvm/lib/Transforms/Instrumentation/SanitizerCoverage.cpp (revision 0ea9a90b3d6b2920e96dd8bbc971c236fe048139)
1 //===-- SanitizerCoverage.cpp - coverage instrumentation for sanitizers ---===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 //
10 // Coverage instrumentation done on LLVM IR level, works with Sanitizers.
11 //
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13 
14 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
15 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
16 #include "llvm/Analysis/EHPersonalities.h"
17 #include "llvm/Analysis/PostDominators.h"
18 #include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
19 #include "llvm/IR/CallSite.h"
20 #include "llvm/IR/Constant.h"
21 #include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
22 #include "llvm/IR/DebugInfo.h"
23 #include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
24 #include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
25 #include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
26 #include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
27 #include "llvm/IR/InlineAsm.h"
28 #include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
29 #include "llvm/IR/Intrinsics.h"
30 #include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
31 #include "llvm/IR/MDBuilder.h"
32 #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
33 #include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
34 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
35 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
36 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
37 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation.h"
38 #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
39 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
40 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ModuleUtils.h"
41 
42 using namespace llvm;
43 
44 #define DEBUG_TYPE "sancov"
45 
46 static const char *const SanCovTracePCIndirName =
47     "__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_indir";
48 static const char *const SanCovTracePCName = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc";
49 static const char *const SanCovTraceCmp1 = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp1";
50 static const char *const SanCovTraceCmp2 = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp2";
51 static const char *const SanCovTraceCmp4 = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp4";
52 static const char *const SanCovTraceCmp8 = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp8";
53 static const char *const SanCovTraceConstCmp1 =
54     "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp1";
55 static const char *const SanCovTraceConstCmp2 =
56     "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp2";
57 static const char *const SanCovTraceConstCmp4 =
58     "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp4";
59 static const char *const SanCovTraceConstCmp8 =
60     "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp8";
61 static const char *const SanCovTraceDiv4 = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_div4";
62 static const char *const SanCovTraceDiv8 = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_div8";
63 static const char *const SanCovTraceGep = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_gep";
64 static const char *const SanCovTraceSwitchName = "__sanitizer_cov_trace_switch";
65 static const char *const SanCovModuleCtorName = "sancov.module_ctor";
66 static const uint64_t SanCtorAndDtorPriority = 2;
67 
68 static const char *const SanCovTracePCGuardName =
69     "__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_guard";
70 static const char *const SanCovTracePCGuardInitName =
71     "__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_guard_init";
72 static const char *const SanCov8bitCountersInitName =
73     "__sanitizer_cov_8bit_counters_init";
74 static const char *const SanCovPCsInitName = "__sanitizer_cov_pcs_init";
75 
76 static const char *const SanCovGuardsSectionName = "sancov_guards";
77 static const char *const SanCovCountersSectionName = "sancov_cntrs";
78 static const char *const SanCovPCsSectionName = "sancov_pcs";
79 
80 static const char *const SanCovLowestStackName = "__sancov_lowest_stack";
81 
82 static cl::opt<int> ClCoverageLevel(
83     "sanitizer-coverage-level",
84     cl::desc("Sanitizer Coverage. 0: none, 1: entry block, 2: all blocks, "
85              "3: all blocks and critical edges"),
86     cl::Hidden, cl::init(0));
87 
88 static cl::opt<bool> ClTracePC("sanitizer-coverage-trace-pc",
89                                cl::desc("Experimental pc tracing"), cl::Hidden,
90                                cl::init(false));
91 
92 static cl::opt<bool> ClTracePCGuard("sanitizer-coverage-trace-pc-guard",
93                                     cl::desc("pc tracing with a guard"),
94                                     cl::Hidden, cl::init(false));
95 
96 // If true, we create a global variable that contains PCs of all instrumented
97 // BBs, put this global into a named section, and pass this section's bounds
98 // to __sanitizer_cov_pcs_init.
99 // This way the coverage instrumentation does not need to acquire the PCs
100 // at run-time. Works with trace-pc-guard and inline-8bit-counters.
101 static cl::opt<bool> ClCreatePCTable("sanitizer-coverage-pc-table",
102                                      cl::desc("create a static PC table"),
103                                      cl::Hidden, cl::init(false));
104 
105 static cl::opt<bool>
106     ClInline8bitCounters("sanitizer-coverage-inline-8bit-counters",
107                          cl::desc("increments 8-bit counter for every edge"),
108                          cl::Hidden, cl::init(false));
109 
110 static cl::opt<bool>
111     ClCMPTracing("sanitizer-coverage-trace-compares",
112                  cl::desc("Tracing of CMP and similar instructions"),
113                  cl::Hidden, cl::init(false));
114 
115 static cl::opt<bool> ClDIVTracing("sanitizer-coverage-trace-divs",
116                                   cl::desc("Tracing of DIV instructions"),
117                                   cl::Hidden, cl::init(false));
118 
119 static cl::opt<bool> ClGEPTracing("sanitizer-coverage-trace-geps",
120                                   cl::desc("Tracing of GEP instructions"),
121                                   cl::Hidden, cl::init(false));
122 
123 static cl::opt<bool>
124     ClPruneBlocks("sanitizer-coverage-prune-blocks",
125                   cl::desc("Reduce the number of instrumented blocks"),
126                   cl::Hidden, cl::init(true));
127 
128 static cl::opt<bool> ClStackDepth("sanitizer-coverage-stack-depth",
129                                   cl::desc("max stack depth tracing"),
130                                   cl::Hidden, cl::init(false));
131 
132 namespace {
133 
134 SanitizerCoverageOptions getOptions(int LegacyCoverageLevel) {
135   SanitizerCoverageOptions Res;
136   switch (LegacyCoverageLevel) {
137   case 0:
138     Res.CoverageType = SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_None;
139     break;
140   case 1:
141     Res.CoverageType = SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_Function;
142     break;
143   case 2:
144     Res.CoverageType = SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_BB;
145     break;
146   case 3:
147     Res.CoverageType = SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_Edge;
148     break;
149   case 4:
150     Res.CoverageType = SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_Edge;
151     Res.IndirectCalls = true;
152     break;
153   }
154   return Res;
155 }
156 
157 SanitizerCoverageOptions OverrideFromCL(SanitizerCoverageOptions Options) {
158   // Sets CoverageType and IndirectCalls.
159   SanitizerCoverageOptions CLOpts = getOptions(ClCoverageLevel);
160   Options.CoverageType = std::max(Options.CoverageType, CLOpts.CoverageType);
161   Options.IndirectCalls |= CLOpts.IndirectCalls;
162   Options.TraceCmp |= ClCMPTracing;
163   Options.TraceDiv |= ClDIVTracing;
164   Options.TraceGep |= ClGEPTracing;
165   Options.TracePC |= ClTracePC;
166   Options.TracePCGuard |= ClTracePCGuard;
167   Options.Inline8bitCounters |= ClInline8bitCounters;
168   Options.PCTable |= ClCreatePCTable;
169   Options.NoPrune |= !ClPruneBlocks;
170   Options.StackDepth |= ClStackDepth;
171   if (!Options.TracePCGuard && !Options.TracePC &&
172       !Options.Inline8bitCounters && !Options.StackDepth)
173     Options.TracePCGuard = true; // TracePCGuard is default.
174   return Options;
175 }
176 
177 class SanitizerCoverageModule : public ModulePass {
178 public:
179   SanitizerCoverageModule(
180       const SanitizerCoverageOptions &Options = SanitizerCoverageOptions())
181       : ModulePass(ID), Options(OverrideFromCL(Options)) {
182     initializeSanitizerCoverageModulePass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
183   }
184   bool runOnModule(Module &M) override;
185   bool runOnFunction(Function &F);
186   static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
187   StringRef getPassName() const override { return "SanitizerCoverageModule"; }
188 
189   void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
190     AU.addRequired<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>();
191     AU.addRequired<PostDominatorTreeWrapperPass>();
192   }
193 
194 private:
195   void InjectCoverageForIndirectCalls(Function &F,
196                                       ArrayRef<Instruction *> IndirCalls);
197   void InjectTraceForCmp(Function &F, ArrayRef<Instruction *> CmpTraceTargets);
198   void InjectTraceForDiv(Function &F,
199                          ArrayRef<BinaryOperator *> DivTraceTargets);
200   void InjectTraceForGep(Function &F,
201                          ArrayRef<GetElementPtrInst *> GepTraceTargets);
202   void InjectTraceForSwitch(Function &F,
203                             ArrayRef<Instruction *> SwitchTraceTargets);
204   bool InjectCoverage(Function &F, ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> AllBlocks,
205                       bool IsLeafFunc = true);
206   GlobalVariable *CreateFunctionLocalArrayInSection(size_t NumElements,
207                                                     Function &F, Type *Ty,
208                                                     const char *Section);
209   GlobalVariable *CreatePCArray(Function &F, ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> AllBlocks);
210   void CreateFunctionLocalArrays(Function &F, ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> AllBlocks);
211   void InjectCoverageAtBlock(Function &F, BasicBlock &BB, size_t Idx,
212                              bool IsLeafFunc = true);
213   Function *CreateInitCallsForSections(Module &M, const char *InitFunctionName,
214                                        Type *Ty, const char *Section);
215   std::pair<GlobalVariable *, GlobalVariable *>
216   CreateSecStartEnd(Module &M, const char *Section, Type *Ty);
217 
218   void SetNoSanitizeMetadata(Instruction *I) {
219     I->setMetadata(I->getModule()->getMDKindID("nosanitize"),
220                    MDNode::get(*C, None));
221   }
222 
223   std::string getSectionName(const std::string &Section) const;
224   std::string getSectionStart(const std::string &Section) const;
225   std::string getSectionEnd(const std::string &Section) const;
226   Function *SanCovTracePCIndir;
227   Function *SanCovTracePC, *SanCovTracePCGuard;
228   Function *SanCovTraceCmpFunction[4];
229   Function *SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[4];
230   Function *SanCovTraceDivFunction[2];
231   Function *SanCovTraceGepFunction;
232   Function *SanCovTraceSwitchFunction;
233   GlobalVariable *SanCovLowestStack;
234   InlineAsm *EmptyAsm;
235   Type *IntptrTy, *IntptrPtrTy, *Int64Ty, *Int64PtrTy, *Int32Ty, *Int32PtrTy,
236       *Int16Ty, *Int8Ty, *Int8PtrTy;
237   Module *CurModule;
238   Triple TargetTriple;
239   LLVMContext *C;
240   const DataLayout *DL;
241 
242   GlobalVariable *FunctionGuardArray;  // for trace-pc-guard.
243   GlobalVariable *Function8bitCounterArray;  // for inline-8bit-counters.
244   GlobalVariable *FunctionPCsArray;  // for pc-table.
245   SmallVector<GlobalValue *, 20> GlobalsToAppendToUsed;
246   SmallVector<GlobalValue *, 20> GlobalsToAppendToCompilerUsed;
247 
248   SanitizerCoverageOptions Options;
249 };
250 
251 } // namespace
252 
253 std::pair<GlobalVariable *, GlobalVariable *>
254 SanitizerCoverageModule::CreateSecStartEnd(Module &M, const char *Section,
255                                            Type *Ty) {
256   GlobalVariable *SecStart =
257       new GlobalVariable(M, Ty, false, GlobalVariable::ExternalLinkage, nullptr,
258                          getSectionStart(Section));
259   SecStart->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
260   GlobalVariable *SecEnd =
261       new GlobalVariable(M, Ty, false, GlobalVariable::ExternalLinkage,
262                          nullptr, getSectionEnd(Section));
263   SecEnd->setVisibility(GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility);
264 
265   return std::make_pair(SecStart, SecEnd);
266 }
267 
268 
269 Function *SanitizerCoverageModule::CreateInitCallsForSections(
270     Module &M, const char *InitFunctionName, Type *Ty,
271     const char *Section) {
272   IRBuilder<> IRB(M.getContext());
273   auto SecStartEnd = CreateSecStartEnd(M, Section, Ty);
274   auto SecStart = SecStartEnd.first;
275   auto SecEnd = SecStartEnd.second;
276   Function *CtorFunc;
277   std::tie(CtorFunc, std::ignore) = createSanitizerCtorAndInitFunctions(
278       M, SanCovModuleCtorName, InitFunctionName, {Ty, Ty},
279       {IRB.CreatePointerCast(SecStart, Ty), IRB.CreatePointerCast(SecEnd, Ty)});
280 
281   if (TargetTriple.supportsCOMDAT()) {
282     // Use comdat to dedup CtorFunc.
283     CtorFunc->setComdat(M.getOrInsertComdat(SanCovModuleCtorName));
284     appendToGlobalCtors(M, CtorFunc, SanCtorAndDtorPriority, CtorFunc);
285   } else {
286     appendToGlobalCtors(M, CtorFunc, SanCtorAndDtorPriority);
287   }
288   return CtorFunc;
289 }
290 
291 bool SanitizerCoverageModule::runOnModule(Module &M) {
292   if (Options.CoverageType == SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_None)
293     return false;
294   C = &(M.getContext());
295   DL = &M.getDataLayout();
296   CurModule = &M;
297   TargetTriple = Triple(M.getTargetTriple());
298   FunctionGuardArray = nullptr;
299   Function8bitCounterArray = nullptr;
300   FunctionPCsArray = nullptr;
301   IntptrTy = Type::getIntNTy(*C, DL->getPointerSizeInBits());
302   IntptrPtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(IntptrTy);
303   Type *VoidTy = Type::getVoidTy(*C);
304   IRBuilder<> IRB(*C);
305   Int64PtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(IRB.getInt64Ty());
306   Int32PtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(IRB.getInt32Ty());
307   Int8PtrTy = PointerType::getUnqual(IRB.getInt8Ty());
308   Int64Ty = IRB.getInt64Ty();
309   Int32Ty = IRB.getInt32Ty();
310   Int16Ty = IRB.getInt16Ty();
311   Int8Ty = IRB.getInt8Ty();
312 
313   SanCovTracePCIndir = checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(
314       M.getOrInsertFunction(SanCovTracePCIndirName, VoidTy, IntptrTy));
315   SanCovTraceCmpFunction[0] =
316       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
317           SanCovTraceCmp1, VoidTy, IRB.getInt8Ty(), IRB.getInt8Ty()));
318   SanCovTraceCmpFunction[1] = checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(
319       M.getOrInsertFunction(SanCovTraceCmp2, VoidTy, IRB.getInt16Ty(),
320                             IRB.getInt16Ty()));
321   SanCovTraceCmpFunction[2] = checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(
322       M.getOrInsertFunction(SanCovTraceCmp4, VoidTy, IRB.getInt32Ty(),
323                             IRB.getInt32Ty()));
324   SanCovTraceCmpFunction[3] =
325       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
326           SanCovTraceCmp8, VoidTy, Int64Ty, Int64Ty));
327 
328   SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[0] =
329       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
330           SanCovTraceConstCmp1, VoidTy, Int8Ty, Int8Ty));
331   SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[1] =
332       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
333           SanCovTraceConstCmp2, VoidTy, Int16Ty, Int16Ty));
334   SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[2] =
335       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
336           SanCovTraceConstCmp4, VoidTy, Int32Ty, Int32Ty));
337   SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[3] =
338       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
339           SanCovTraceConstCmp8, VoidTy, Int64Ty, Int64Ty));
340 
341   SanCovTraceDivFunction[0] =
342       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
343           SanCovTraceDiv4, VoidTy, IRB.getInt32Ty()));
344   SanCovTraceDivFunction[1] =
345       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
346           SanCovTraceDiv8, VoidTy, Int64Ty));
347   SanCovTraceGepFunction =
348       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
349           SanCovTraceGep, VoidTy, IntptrTy));
350   SanCovTraceSwitchFunction =
351       checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
352           SanCovTraceSwitchName, VoidTy, Int64Ty, Int64PtrTy));
353 
354   Constant *SanCovLowestStackConstant =
355       M.getOrInsertGlobal(SanCovLowestStackName, IntptrTy);
356   SanCovLowestStack = cast<GlobalVariable>(SanCovLowestStackConstant);
357   SanCovLowestStack->setThreadLocalMode(
358       GlobalValue::ThreadLocalMode::InitialExecTLSModel);
359   if (Options.StackDepth && !SanCovLowestStack->isDeclaration())
360     SanCovLowestStack->setInitializer(Constant::getAllOnesValue(IntptrTy));
361 
362   // Make sure smaller parameters are zero-extended to i64 as required by the
363   // x86_64 ABI.
364   if (TargetTriple.getArch() == Triple::x86_64) {
365     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
366       SanCovTraceCmpFunction[i]->addParamAttr(0, Attribute::ZExt);
367       SanCovTraceCmpFunction[i]->addParamAttr(1, Attribute::ZExt);
368       SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[i]->addParamAttr(0, Attribute::ZExt);
369       SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[i]->addParamAttr(1, Attribute::ZExt);
370     }
371     SanCovTraceDivFunction[0]->addParamAttr(0, Attribute::ZExt);
372   }
373 
374 
375   // We insert an empty inline asm after cov callbacks to avoid callback merge.
376   EmptyAsm = InlineAsm::get(FunctionType::get(IRB.getVoidTy(), false),
377                             StringRef(""), StringRef(""),
378                             /*hasSideEffects=*/true);
379 
380   SanCovTracePC = checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(
381       M.getOrInsertFunction(SanCovTracePCName, VoidTy));
382   SanCovTracePCGuard = checkSanitizerInterfaceFunction(M.getOrInsertFunction(
383       SanCovTracePCGuardName, VoidTy, Int32PtrTy));
384 
385   for (auto &F : M)
386     runOnFunction(F);
387 
388   Function *Ctor = nullptr;
389 
390   if (FunctionGuardArray)
391     Ctor = CreateInitCallsForSections(M, SanCovTracePCGuardInitName, Int32PtrTy,
392                                       SanCovGuardsSectionName);
393   if (Function8bitCounterArray)
394     Ctor = CreateInitCallsForSections(M, SanCov8bitCountersInitName, Int8PtrTy,
395                                       SanCovCountersSectionName);
396   if (Ctor && Options.PCTable) {
397     auto SecStartEnd = CreateSecStartEnd(M, SanCovPCsSectionName, IntptrPtrTy);
398     Function *InitFunction = declareSanitizerInitFunction(
399         M, SanCovPCsInitName, {IntptrPtrTy, IntptrPtrTy});
400     IRBuilder<> IRBCtor(Ctor->getEntryBlock().getTerminator());
401     IRBCtor.CreateCall(InitFunction,
402                        {IRB.CreatePointerCast(SecStartEnd.first, IntptrPtrTy),
403                         IRB.CreatePointerCast(SecStartEnd.second, IntptrPtrTy)});
404   }
405   // We don't reference these arrays directly in any of our runtime functions,
406   // so we need to prevent them from being dead stripped.
407   if (TargetTriple.isOSBinFormatMachO())
408     appendToUsed(M, GlobalsToAppendToUsed);
409   appendToCompilerUsed(M, GlobalsToAppendToCompilerUsed);
410   return true;
411 }
412 
413 // True if block has successors and it dominates all of them.
414 static bool isFullDominator(const BasicBlock *BB, const DominatorTree *DT) {
415   if (succ_begin(BB) == succ_end(BB))
416     return false;
417 
418   for (const BasicBlock *SUCC : make_range(succ_begin(BB), succ_end(BB))) {
419     if (!DT->dominates(BB, SUCC))
420       return false;
421   }
422 
423   return true;
424 }
425 
426 // True if block has predecessors and it postdominates all of them.
427 static bool isFullPostDominator(const BasicBlock *BB,
428                                 const PostDominatorTree *PDT) {
429   if (pred_begin(BB) == pred_end(BB))
430     return false;
431 
432   for (const BasicBlock *PRED : make_range(pred_begin(BB), pred_end(BB))) {
433     if (!PDT->dominates(BB, PRED))
434       return false;
435   }
436 
437   return true;
438 }
439 
440 static bool shouldInstrumentBlock(const Function &F, const BasicBlock *BB,
441                                   const DominatorTree *DT,
442                                   const PostDominatorTree *PDT,
443                                   const SanitizerCoverageOptions &Options) {
444   // Don't insert coverage for unreachable blocks: we will never call
445   // __sanitizer_cov() for them, so counting them in
446   // NumberOfInstrumentedBlocks() might complicate calculation of code coverage
447   // percentage. Also, unreachable instructions frequently have no debug
448   // locations.
449   if (isa<UnreachableInst>(BB->getTerminator()))
450     return false;
451 
452   // Don't insert coverage into blocks without a valid insertion point
453   // (catchswitch blocks).
454   if (BB->getFirstInsertionPt() == BB->end())
455     return false;
456 
457   if (Options.NoPrune || &F.getEntryBlock() == BB)
458     return true;
459 
460   if (Options.CoverageType == SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_Function &&
461       &F.getEntryBlock() != BB)
462     return false;
463 
464   // Do not instrument full dominators, or full post-dominators with multiple
465   // predecessors.
466   return !isFullDominator(BB, DT)
467     && !(isFullPostDominator(BB, PDT) && !BB->getSinglePredecessor());
468 }
469 
470 bool SanitizerCoverageModule::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
471   if (F.empty())
472     return false;
473   if (F.getName().find(".module_ctor") != std::string::npos)
474     return false; // Should not instrument sanitizer init functions.
475   if (F.getName().startswith("__sanitizer_"))
476     return false;  // Don't instrument __sanitizer_* callbacks.
477   // Don't touch available_externally functions, their actual body is elewhere.
478   if (F.getLinkage() == GlobalValue::AvailableExternallyLinkage)
479     return false;
480   // Don't instrument MSVC CRT configuration helpers. They may run before normal
481   // initialization.
482   if (F.getName() == "__local_stdio_printf_options" ||
483       F.getName() == "__local_stdio_scanf_options")
484     return false;
485   if (isa<UnreachableInst>(F.getEntryBlock().getTerminator()))
486     return false;
487   // Don't instrument functions using SEH for now. Splitting basic blocks like
488   // we do for coverage breaks WinEHPrepare.
489   // FIXME: Remove this when SEH no longer uses landingpad pattern matching.
490   if (F.hasPersonalityFn() &&
491       isAsynchronousEHPersonality(classifyEHPersonality(F.getPersonalityFn())))
492     return false;
493   if (Options.CoverageType >= SanitizerCoverageOptions::SCK_Edge)
494     SplitAllCriticalEdges(F);
495   SmallVector<Instruction *, 8> IndirCalls;
496   SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 16> BlocksToInstrument;
497   SmallVector<Instruction *, 8> CmpTraceTargets;
498   SmallVector<Instruction *, 8> SwitchTraceTargets;
499   SmallVector<BinaryOperator *, 8> DivTraceTargets;
500   SmallVector<GetElementPtrInst *, 8> GepTraceTargets;
501 
502   const DominatorTree *DT =
503       &getAnalysis<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>(F).getDomTree();
504   const PostDominatorTree *PDT =
505       &getAnalysis<PostDominatorTreeWrapperPass>(F).getPostDomTree();
506   bool IsLeafFunc = true;
507 
508   for (auto &BB : F) {
509     if (shouldInstrumentBlock(F, &BB, DT, PDT, Options))
510       BlocksToInstrument.push_back(&BB);
511     for (auto &Inst : BB) {
512       if (Options.IndirectCalls) {
513         CallSite CS(&Inst);
514         if (CS && !CS.getCalledFunction())
515           IndirCalls.push_back(&Inst);
516       }
517       if (Options.TraceCmp) {
518         if (isa<ICmpInst>(&Inst))
519           CmpTraceTargets.push_back(&Inst);
520         if (isa<SwitchInst>(&Inst))
521           SwitchTraceTargets.push_back(&Inst);
522       }
523       if (Options.TraceDiv)
524         if (BinaryOperator *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(&Inst))
525           if (BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::SDiv ||
526               BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::UDiv)
527             DivTraceTargets.push_back(BO);
528       if (Options.TraceGep)
529         if (GetElementPtrInst *GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(&Inst))
530           GepTraceTargets.push_back(GEP);
531       if (Options.StackDepth)
532         if (isa<InvokeInst>(Inst) ||
533             (isa<CallInst>(Inst) && !isa<IntrinsicInst>(Inst)))
534           IsLeafFunc = false;
535     }
536   }
537 
538   InjectCoverage(F, BlocksToInstrument, IsLeafFunc);
539   InjectCoverageForIndirectCalls(F, IndirCalls);
540   InjectTraceForCmp(F, CmpTraceTargets);
541   InjectTraceForSwitch(F, SwitchTraceTargets);
542   InjectTraceForDiv(F, DivTraceTargets);
543   InjectTraceForGep(F, GepTraceTargets);
544   return true;
545 }
546 
547 GlobalVariable *SanitizerCoverageModule::CreateFunctionLocalArrayInSection(
548     size_t NumElements, Function &F, Type *Ty, const char *Section) {
549   ArrayType *ArrayTy = ArrayType::get(Ty, NumElements);
550   auto Array = new GlobalVariable(
551       *CurModule, ArrayTy, false, GlobalVariable::PrivateLinkage,
552       Constant::getNullValue(ArrayTy), "__sancov_gen_");
553   if (auto Comdat = F.getComdat())
554     Array->setComdat(Comdat);
555   Array->setSection(getSectionName(Section));
556   Array->setAlignment(Ty->isPointerTy() ? DL->getPointerSize()
557                                         : Ty->getPrimitiveSizeInBits() / 8);
558   return Array;
559 }
560 
561 GlobalVariable *
562 SanitizerCoverageModule::CreatePCArray(Function &F,
563                                        ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> AllBlocks) {
564   size_t N = AllBlocks.size();
565   assert(N);
566   SmallVector<Constant *, 32> PCs;
567   IRBuilder<> IRB(&*F.getEntryBlock().getFirstInsertionPt());
568   for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
569     if (&F.getEntryBlock() == AllBlocks[i]) {
570       PCs.push_back((Constant *)IRB.CreatePointerCast(&F, IntptrPtrTy));
571       PCs.push_back((Constant *)IRB.CreateIntToPtr(
572           ConstantInt::get(IntptrTy, 1), IntptrPtrTy));
573     } else {
574       PCs.push_back((Constant *)IRB.CreatePointerCast(
575           BlockAddress::get(AllBlocks[i]), IntptrPtrTy));
576       PCs.push_back((Constant *)IRB.CreateIntToPtr(
577           ConstantInt::get(IntptrTy, 0), IntptrPtrTy));
578     }
579   }
580   auto *PCArray = CreateFunctionLocalArrayInSection(N * 2, F, IntptrPtrTy,
581                                                     SanCovPCsSectionName);
582   PCArray->setInitializer(
583       ConstantArray::get(ArrayType::get(IntptrPtrTy, N * 2), PCs));
584   PCArray->setConstant(true);
585 
586   return PCArray;
587 }
588 
589 void SanitizerCoverageModule::CreateFunctionLocalArrays(
590     Function &F, ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> AllBlocks) {
591   if (Options.TracePCGuard) {
592     FunctionGuardArray = CreateFunctionLocalArrayInSection(
593         AllBlocks.size(), F, Int32Ty, SanCovGuardsSectionName);
594     GlobalsToAppendToUsed.push_back(FunctionGuardArray);
595   }
596   if (Options.Inline8bitCounters) {
597     Function8bitCounterArray = CreateFunctionLocalArrayInSection(
598         AllBlocks.size(), F, Int8Ty, SanCovCountersSectionName);
599     GlobalsToAppendToUsed.push_back(Function8bitCounterArray);
600   }
601   if (Options.PCTable) {
602     FunctionPCsArray = CreatePCArray(F, AllBlocks);
603     GlobalsToAppendToCompilerUsed.push_back(FunctionPCsArray);
604     MDNode *MD = MDNode::get(F.getContext(), ValueAsMetadata::get(&F));
605     FunctionPCsArray->addMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_associated, *MD);
606   }
607 }
608 
609 bool SanitizerCoverageModule::InjectCoverage(Function &F,
610                                              ArrayRef<BasicBlock *> AllBlocks,
611                                              bool IsLeafFunc) {
612   if (AllBlocks.empty()) return false;
613   CreateFunctionLocalArrays(F, AllBlocks);
614   for (size_t i = 0, N = AllBlocks.size(); i < N; i++)
615     InjectCoverageAtBlock(F, *AllBlocks[i], i, IsLeafFunc);
616   return true;
617 }
618 
619 // On every indirect call we call a run-time function
620 // __sanitizer_cov_indir_call* with two parameters:
621 //   - callee address,
622 //   - global cache array that contains CacheSize pointers (zero-initialized).
623 //     The cache is used to speed up recording the caller-callee pairs.
624 // The address of the caller is passed implicitly via caller PC.
625 // CacheSize is encoded in the name of the run-time function.
626 void SanitizerCoverageModule::InjectCoverageForIndirectCalls(
627     Function &F, ArrayRef<Instruction *> IndirCalls) {
628   if (IndirCalls.empty())
629     return;
630   assert(Options.TracePC || Options.TracePCGuard || Options.Inline8bitCounters);
631   for (auto I : IndirCalls) {
632     IRBuilder<> IRB(I);
633     CallSite CS(I);
634     Value *Callee = CS.getCalledValue();
635     if (isa<InlineAsm>(Callee))
636       continue;
637     IRB.CreateCall(SanCovTracePCIndir, IRB.CreatePointerCast(Callee, IntptrTy));
638   }
639 }
640 
641 // For every switch statement we insert a call:
642 // __sanitizer_cov_trace_switch(CondValue,
643 //      {NumCases, ValueSizeInBits, Case0Value, Case1Value, Case2Value, ... })
644 
645 void SanitizerCoverageModule::InjectTraceForSwitch(
646     Function &, ArrayRef<Instruction *> SwitchTraceTargets) {
647   for (auto I : SwitchTraceTargets) {
648     if (SwitchInst *SI = dyn_cast<SwitchInst>(I)) {
649       IRBuilder<> IRB(I);
650       SmallVector<Constant *, 16> Initializers;
651       Value *Cond = SI->getCondition();
652       if (Cond->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() >
653           Int64Ty->getScalarSizeInBits())
654         continue;
655       Initializers.push_back(ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, SI->getNumCases()));
656       Initializers.push_back(
657           ConstantInt::get(Int64Ty, Cond->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits()));
658       if (Cond->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() <
659           Int64Ty->getScalarSizeInBits())
660         Cond = IRB.CreateIntCast(Cond, Int64Ty, false);
661       for (auto It : SI->cases()) {
662         Constant *C = It.getCaseValue();
663         if (C->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() <
664             Int64Ty->getScalarSizeInBits())
665           C = ConstantExpr::getCast(CastInst::ZExt, It.getCaseValue(), Int64Ty);
666         Initializers.push_back(C);
667       }
668       llvm::sort(Initializers.begin() + 2, Initializers.end(),
669                  [](const Constant *A, const Constant *B) {
670                    return cast<ConstantInt>(A)->getLimitedValue() <
671                           cast<ConstantInt>(B)->getLimitedValue();
672                  });
673       ArrayType *ArrayOfInt64Ty = ArrayType::get(Int64Ty, Initializers.size());
674       GlobalVariable *GV = new GlobalVariable(
675           *CurModule, ArrayOfInt64Ty, false, GlobalVariable::InternalLinkage,
676           ConstantArray::get(ArrayOfInt64Ty, Initializers),
677           "__sancov_gen_cov_switch_values");
678       IRB.CreateCall(SanCovTraceSwitchFunction,
679                      {Cond, IRB.CreatePointerCast(GV, Int64PtrTy)});
680     }
681   }
682 }
683 
684 void SanitizerCoverageModule::InjectTraceForDiv(
685     Function &, ArrayRef<BinaryOperator *> DivTraceTargets) {
686   for (auto BO : DivTraceTargets) {
687     IRBuilder<> IRB(BO);
688     Value *A1 = BO->getOperand(1);
689     if (isa<ConstantInt>(A1)) continue;
690     if (!A1->getType()->isIntegerTy())
691       continue;
692     uint64_t TypeSize = DL->getTypeStoreSizeInBits(A1->getType());
693     int CallbackIdx = TypeSize == 32 ? 0 :
694         TypeSize == 64 ? 1 : -1;
695     if (CallbackIdx < 0) continue;
696     auto Ty = Type::getIntNTy(*C, TypeSize);
697     IRB.CreateCall(SanCovTraceDivFunction[CallbackIdx],
698                    {IRB.CreateIntCast(A1, Ty, true)});
699   }
700 }
701 
702 void SanitizerCoverageModule::InjectTraceForGep(
703     Function &, ArrayRef<GetElementPtrInst *> GepTraceTargets) {
704   for (auto GEP : GepTraceTargets) {
705     IRBuilder<> IRB(GEP);
706     for (auto I = GEP->idx_begin(); I != GEP->idx_end(); ++I)
707       if (!isa<ConstantInt>(*I) && (*I)->getType()->isIntegerTy())
708         IRB.CreateCall(SanCovTraceGepFunction,
709                        {IRB.CreateIntCast(*I, IntptrTy, true)});
710   }
711 }
712 
713 void SanitizerCoverageModule::InjectTraceForCmp(
714     Function &, ArrayRef<Instruction *> CmpTraceTargets) {
715   for (auto I : CmpTraceTargets) {
716     if (ICmpInst *ICMP = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(I)) {
717       IRBuilder<> IRB(ICMP);
718       Value *A0 = ICMP->getOperand(0);
719       Value *A1 = ICMP->getOperand(1);
720       if (!A0->getType()->isIntegerTy())
721         continue;
722       uint64_t TypeSize = DL->getTypeStoreSizeInBits(A0->getType());
723       int CallbackIdx = TypeSize == 8 ? 0 :
724                         TypeSize == 16 ? 1 :
725                         TypeSize == 32 ? 2 :
726                         TypeSize == 64 ? 3 : -1;
727       if (CallbackIdx < 0) continue;
728       // __sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp((type_size << 32) | predicate, A0, A1);
729       auto CallbackFunc = SanCovTraceCmpFunction[CallbackIdx];
730       bool FirstIsConst = isa<ConstantInt>(A0);
731       bool SecondIsConst = isa<ConstantInt>(A1);
732       // If both are const, then we don't need such a comparison.
733       if (FirstIsConst && SecondIsConst) continue;
734       // If only one is const, then make it the first callback argument.
735       if (FirstIsConst || SecondIsConst) {
736         CallbackFunc = SanCovTraceConstCmpFunction[CallbackIdx];
737         if (SecondIsConst)
738           std::swap(A0, A1);
739       }
740 
741       auto Ty = Type::getIntNTy(*C, TypeSize);
742       IRB.CreateCall(CallbackFunc, {IRB.CreateIntCast(A0, Ty, true),
743               IRB.CreateIntCast(A1, Ty, true)});
744     }
745   }
746 }
747 
748 void SanitizerCoverageModule::InjectCoverageAtBlock(Function &F, BasicBlock &BB,
749                                                     size_t Idx,
750                                                     bool IsLeafFunc) {
751   BasicBlock::iterator IP = BB.getFirstInsertionPt();
752   bool IsEntryBB = &BB == &F.getEntryBlock();
753   DebugLoc EntryLoc;
754   if (IsEntryBB) {
755     if (auto SP = F.getSubprogram())
756       EntryLoc = DebugLoc::get(SP->getScopeLine(), 0, SP);
757     // Keep static allocas and llvm.localescape calls in the entry block.  Even
758     // if we aren't splitting the block, it's nice for allocas to be before
759     // calls.
760     IP = PrepareToSplitEntryBlock(BB, IP);
761   } else {
762     EntryLoc = IP->getDebugLoc();
763   }
764 
765   IRBuilder<> IRB(&*IP);
766   IRB.SetCurrentDebugLocation(EntryLoc);
767   if (Options.TracePC) {
768     IRB.CreateCall(SanCovTracePC); // gets the PC using GET_CALLER_PC.
769     IRB.CreateCall(EmptyAsm, {}); // Avoids callback merge.
770   }
771   if (Options.TracePCGuard) {
772     auto GuardPtr = IRB.CreateIntToPtr(
773         IRB.CreateAdd(IRB.CreatePointerCast(FunctionGuardArray, IntptrTy),
774                       ConstantInt::get(IntptrTy, Idx * 4)),
775         Int32PtrTy);
776     IRB.CreateCall(SanCovTracePCGuard, GuardPtr);
777     IRB.CreateCall(EmptyAsm, {}); // Avoids callback merge.
778   }
779   if (Options.Inline8bitCounters) {
780     auto CounterPtr = IRB.CreateGEP(
781         Function8bitCounterArray,
782         {ConstantInt::get(IntptrTy, 0), ConstantInt::get(IntptrTy, Idx)});
783     auto Load = IRB.CreateLoad(CounterPtr);
784     auto Inc = IRB.CreateAdd(Load, ConstantInt::get(Int8Ty, 1));
785     auto Store = IRB.CreateStore(Inc, CounterPtr);
786     SetNoSanitizeMetadata(Load);
787     SetNoSanitizeMetadata(Store);
788   }
789   if (Options.StackDepth && IsEntryBB && !IsLeafFunc) {
790     // Check stack depth.  If it's the deepest so far, record it.
791     Function *GetFrameAddr =
792         Intrinsic::getDeclaration(F.getParent(), Intrinsic::frameaddress);
793     auto FrameAddrPtr =
794         IRB.CreateCall(GetFrameAddr, {Constant::getNullValue(Int32Ty)});
795     auto FrameAddrInt = IRB.CreatePtrToInt(FrameAddrPtr, IntptrTy);
796     auto LowestStack = IRB.CreateLoad(SanCovLowestStack);
797     auto IsStackLower = IRB.CreateICmpULT(FrameAddrInt, LowestStack);
798     auto ThenTerm = SplitBlockAndInsertIfThen(IsStackLower, &*IP, false);
799     IRBuilder<> ThenIRB(ThenTerm);
800     auto Store = ThenIRB.CreateStore(FrameAddrInt, SanCovLowestStack);
801     SetNoSanitizeMetadata(LowestStack);
802     SetNoSanitizeMetadata(Store);
803   }
804 }
805 
806 std::string
807 SanitizerCoverageModule::getSectionName(const std::string &Section) const {
808   if (TargetTriple.getObjectFormat() == Triple::COFF)
809     return ".SCOV$M";
810   if (TargetTriple.isOSBinFormatMachO())
811     return "__DATA,__" + Section;
812   return "__" + Section;
813 }
814 
815 std::string
816 SanitizerCoverageModule::getSectionStart(const std::string &Section) const {
817   if (TargetTriple.isOSBinFormatMachO())
818     return "\1section$start$__DATA$__" + Section;
819   return "__start___" + Section;
820 }
821 
822 std::string
823 SanitizerCoverageModule::getSectionEnd(const std::string &Section) const {
824   if (TargetTriple.isOSBinFormatMachO())
825     return "\1section$end$__DATA$__" + Section;
826   return "__stop___" + Section;
827 }
828 
829 
830 char SanitizerCoverageModule::ID = 0;
831 INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(SanitizerCoverageModule, "sancov",
832                       "SanitizerCoverage: TODO."
833                       "ModulePass",
834                       false, false)
835 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DominatorTreeWrapperPass)
836 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(PostDominatorTreeWrapperPass)
837 INITIALIZE_PASS_END(SanitizerCoverageModule, "sancov",
838                     "SanitizerCoverage: TODO."
839                     "ModulePass",
840                     false, false)
841 ModulePass *llvm::createSanitizerCoverageModulePass(
842     const SanitizerCoverageOptions &Options) {
843   return new SanitizerCoverageModule(Options);
844 }
845