xref: /llvm-project/llvm/lib/Target/PowerPC/PPCBranchCoalescing.cpp (revision b6926bdcff6d4fb9ef9daf53dc4c308f8f2ebf78)
1 //===-- CoalesceBranches.cpp - Coalesce blocks with the same condition ---===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 ///
9 /// \file
10 /// Coalesce basic blocks guarded by the same branch condition into a single
11 /// basic block.
12 ///
13 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
14 
15 #include "PPC.h"
16 #include "llvm/ADT/BitVector.h"
17 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
18 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineDominators.h"
19 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
20 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachinePostDominators.h"
21 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
22 #include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"
23 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetFrameLowering.h"
24 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetInstrInfo.h"
25 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
26 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
27 
28 using namespace llvm;
29 
30 #define DEBUG_TYPE "ppc-branch-coalescing"
31 
32 STATISTIC(NumBlocksCoalesced, "Number of blocks coalesced");
33 STATISTIC(NumPHINotMoved, "Number of PHI Nodes that cannot be merged");
34 STATISTIC(NumBlocksNotCoalesced, "Number of blocks not coalesced");
35 
36 namespace llvm {
37     void initializePPCBranchCoalescingPass(PassRegistry&);
38 }
39 
40 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
41 //                               PPCBranchCoalescing
42 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
43 ///
44 /// Improve scheduling by coalescing branches that depend on the same condition.
45 /// This pass looks for blocks that are guarded by the same branch condition
46 /// and attempts to merge the blocks together. Such opportunities arise from
47 /// the expansion of select statements in the IR.
48 ///
49 /// This pass does not handle implicit operands on branch statements. In order
50 /// to run on targets that use implicit operands, changes need to be made in the
51 /// canCoalesceBranch and canMerge methods.
52 ///
53 /// Example: the following LLVM IR
54 ///
55 ///     %test = icmp eq i32 %x 0
56 ///     %tmp1 = select i1 %test, double %a, double 2.000000e-03
57 ///     %tmp2 = select i1 %test, double %b, double 5.000000e-03
58 ///
59 /// expands to the following machine code:
60 ///
61 /// %bb.0: derived from LLVM BB %entry
62 ///    liveins: %f1 %f3 %x6
63 ///        <SNIP1>
64 ///        %0 = COPY %f1; F8RC:%0
65 ///        %5 = CMPLWI killed %4, 0; CRRC:%5 GPRC:%4
66 ///        %8 = LXSDX %zero8, killed %7, implicit %rm;
67 ///                    mem:LD8[ConstantPool] F8RC:%8 G8RC:%7
68 ///        BCC 76, %5, <%bb.2>; CRRC:%5
69 ///    Successors according to CFG: %bb.1(?%) %bb.2(?%)
70 ///
71 /// %bb.1: derived from LLVM BB %entry
72 ///    Predecessors according to CFG: %bb.0
73 ///    Successors according to CFG: %bb.2(?%)
74 ///
75 /// %bb.2: derived from LLVM BB %entry
76 ///    Predecessors according to CFG: %bb.0 %bb.1
77 ///        %9 = PHI %8, <%bb.1>, %0, <%bb.0>;
78 ///                    F8RC:%9,%8,%0
79 ///        <SNIP2>
80 ///        BCC 76, %5, <%bb.4>; CRRC:%5
81 ///    Successors according to CFG: %bb.3(?%) %bb.4(?%)
82 ///
83 /// %bb.3: derived from LLVM BB %entry
84 ///    Predecessors according to CFG: %bb.2
85 ///    Successors according to CFG: %bb.4(?%)
86 ///
87 /// %bb.4: derived from LLVM BB %entry
88 ///    Predecessors according to CFG: %bb.2 %bb.3
89 ///        %13 = PHI %12, <%bb.3>, %2, <%bb.2>;
90 ///                     F8RC:%13,%12,%2
91 ///        <SNIP3>
92 ///        BLR8 implicit %lr8, implicit %rm, implicit %f1
93 ///
94 /// When this pattern is detected, branch coalescing will try to collapse
95 /// it by moving code in %bb.2 to %bb.0 and/or %bb.4 and removing %bb.3.
96 ///
97 /// If all conditions are meet, IR should collapse to:
98 ///
99 /// %bb.0: derived from LLVM BB %entry
100 ///    liveins: %f1 %f3 %x6
101 ///        <SNIP1>
102 ///        %0 = COPY %f1; F8RC:%0
103 ///        %5 = CMPLWI killed %4, 0; CRRC:%5 GPRC:%4
104 ///        %8 = LXSDX %zero8, killed %7, implicit %rm;
105 ///                     mem:LD8[ConstantPool] F8RC:%8 G8RC:%7
106 ///        <SNIP2>
107 ///        BCC 76, %5, <%bb.4>; CRRC:%5
108 ///    Successors according to CFG: %bb.1(0x2aaaaaaa / 0x80000000 = 33.33%)
109 ///      %bb.4(0x55555554 / 0x80000000 = 66.67%)
110 ///
111 /// %bb.1: derived from LLVM BB %entry
112 ///    Predecessors according to CFG: %bb.0
113 ///    Successors according to CFG: %bb.4(0x40000000 / 0x80000000 = 50.00%)
114 ///
115 /// %bb.4: derived from LLVM BB %entry
116 ///    Predecessors according to CFG: %bb.0 %bb.1
117 ///        %9 = PHI %8, <%bb.1>, %0, <%bb.0>;
118 ///                    F8RC:%9,%8,%0
119 ///        %13 = PHI %12, <%bb.1>, %2, <%bb.0>;
120 ///                     F8RC:%13,%12,%2
121 ///        <SNIP3>
122 ///        BLR8 implicit %lr8, implicit %rm, implicit %f1
123 ///
124 /// Branch Coalescing does not split blocks, it moves everything in the same
125 /// direction ensuring it does not break use/definition semantics.
126 ///
127 /// PHI nodes and its corresponding use instructions are moved to its successor
128 /// block if there are no uses within the successor block PHI nodes.  PHI
129 /// node ordering cannot be assumed.
130 ///
131 /// Non-PHI can be moved up to the predecessor basic block or down to the
132 /// successor basic block following any PHI instructions. Whether it moves
133 /// up or down depends on whether the register(s) defined in the instructions
134 /// are used in current block or in any PHI instructions at the beginning of
135 /// the successor block.
136 
137 namespace {
138 
139 class PPCBranchCoalescing : public MachineFunctionPass {
140   struct CoalescingCandidateInfo {
141     MachineBasicBlock *BranchBlock;       // Block containing the branch
142     MachineBasicBlock *BranchTargetBlock; // Block branched to
143     MachineBasicBlock *FallThroughBlock;  // Fall-through if branch not taken
144     SmallVector<MachineOperand, 4> Cond;
145     bool MustMoveDown;
146     bool MustMoveUp;
147 
148     CoalescingCandidateInfo();
149     void clear();
150   };
151 
152   MachineDominatorTree *MDT;
153   MachinePostDominatorTree *MPDT;
154   const TargetInstrInfo *TII;
155   MachineRegisterInfo *MRI;
156 
157   void initialize(MachineFunction &F);
158   bool canCoalesceBranch(CoalescingCandidateInfo &Cand);
159   bool identicalOperands(ArrayRef<MachineOperand> OperandList1,
160                          ArrayRef<MachineOperand> OperandList2) const;
161   bool validateCandidates(CoalescingCandidateInfo &SourceRegion,
162                           CoalescingCandidateInfo &TargetRegion) const;
163 
164 public:
165   static char ID;
166 
167   PPCBranchCoalescing() : MachineFunctionPass(ID) {
168     initializePPCBranchCoalescingPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
169   }
170 
171   void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
172     AU.addRequired<MachineDominatorTree>();
173     AU.addRequired<MachinePostDominatorTree>();
174     MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
175   }
176 
177   StringRef getPassName() const override { return "Branch Coalescing"; }
178 
179   bool mergeCandidates(CoalescingCandidateInfo &SourceRegion,
180                        CoalescingCandidateInfo &TargetRegion);
181   bool canMoveToBeginning(const MachineInstr &MI,
182                           const MachineBasicBlock &MBB) const;
183   bool canMoveToEnd(const MachineInstr &MI,
184                     const MachineBasicBlock &MBB) const;
185   bool canMerge(CoalescingCandidateInfo &SourceRegion,
186                 CoalescingCandidateInfo &TargetRegion) const;
187   void moveAndUpdatePHIs(MachineBasicBlock *SourceRegionMBB,
188                          MachineBasicBlock *TargetRegionMBB);
189   bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) override;
190 };
191 } // End anonymous namespace.
192 
193 char PPCBranchCoalescing::ID = 0;
194 /// createPPCBranchCoalescingPass - returns an instance of the Branch Coalescing
195 /// Pass
196 FunctionPass *llvm::createPPCBranchCoalescingPass() {
197   return new PPCBranchCoalescing();
198 }
199 
200 INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(PPCBranchCoalescing, DEBUG_TYPE,
201                       "Branch Coalescing", false, false)
202 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(MachineDominatorTree)
203 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(MachinePostDominatorTree)
204 INITIALIZE_PASS_END(PPCBranchCoalescing, DEBUG_TYPE, "Branch Coalescing",
205                     false, false)
206 
207 PPCBranchCoalescing::CoalescingCandidateInfo::CoalescingCandidateInfo()
208     : BranchBlock(nullptr), BranchTargetBlock(nullptr),
209       FallThroughBlock(nullptr), MustMoveDown(false), MustMoveUp(false) {}
210 
211 void PPCBranchCoalescing::CoalescingCandidateInfo::clear() {
212   BranchBlock = nullptr;
213   BranchTargetBlock = nullptr;
214   FallThroughBlock = nullptr;
215   Cond.clear();
216   MustMoveDown = false;
217   MustMoveUp = false;
218 }
219 
220 void PPCBranchCoalescing::initialize(MachineFunction &MF) {
221   MDT = &getAnalysis<MachineDominatorTree>();
222   MPDT = &getAnalysis<MachinePostDominatorTree>();
223   TII = MF.getSubtarget().getInstrInfo();
224   MRI = &MF.getRegInfo();
225 }
226 
227 ///
228 /// Analyze the branch statement to determine if it can be coalesced. This
229 /// method analyses the branch statement for the given candidate to determine
230 /// if it can be coalesced. If the branch can be coalesced, then the
231 /// BranchTargetBlock and the FallThroughBlock are recorded in the specified
232 /// Candidate.
233 ///
234 ///\param[in,out] Cand The coalescing candidate to analyze
235 ///\return true if and only if the branch can be coalesced, false otherwise
236 ///
237 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::canCoalesceBranch(CoalescingCandidateInfo &Cand) {
238   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Determine if branch block "
239                     << Cand.BranchBlock->getNumber() << " can be coalesced:");
240   MachineBasicBlock *FalseMBB = nullptr;
241 
242   if (TII->analyzeBranch(*Cand.BranchBlock, Cand.BranchTargetBlock, FalseMBB,
243                          Cand.Cond)) {
244     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "TII unable to Analyze Branch - skip\n");
245     return false;
246   }
247 
248   for (auto &I : Cand.BranchBlock->terminators()) {
249     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Looking at terminator : " << I << "\n");
250     if (!I.isBranch())
251       continue;
252 
253     // The analyzeBranch method does not include any implicit operands.
254     // This is not an issue on PPC but must be handled on other targets.
255     // For this pass to be made target-independent, the analyzeBranch API
256     // need to be updated to support implicit operands and there would
257     // need to be a way to verify that any implicit operands would not be
258     // clobbered by merging blocks.  This would include identifying the
259     // implicit operands as well as the basic block they are defined in.
260     // This could be done by changing the analyzeBranch API to have it also
261     // record and return the implicit operands and the blocks where they are
262     // defined. Alternatively, the BranchCoalescing code would need to be
263     // extended to identify the implicit operands.  The analysis in canMerge
264     // must then be extended to prove that none of the implicit operands are
265     // changed in the blocks that are combined during coalescing.
266     if (I.getNumOperands() != I.getNumExplicitOperands()) {
267       LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Terminator contains implicit operands - skip : "
268                         << I << "\n");
269       return false;
270     }
271   }
272 
273   if (Cand.BranchBlock->isEHPad() || Cand.BranchBlock->hasEHPadSuccessor()) {
274     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "EH Pad - skip\n");
275     return false;
276   }
277 
278   // For now only consider triangles (i.e, BranchTargetBlock is set,
279   // FalseMBB is null, and BranchTargetBlock is a successor to BranchBlock)
280   if (!Cand.BranchTargetBlock || FalseMBB ||
281       !Cand.BranchBlock->isSuccessor(Cand.BranchTargetBlock)) {
282     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Does not form a triangle - skip\n");
283     return false;
284   }
285 
286   // Ensure there are only two successors
287   if (Cand.BranchBlock->succ_size() != 2) {
288     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Does not have 2 successors - skip\n");
289     return false;
290   }
291 
292   // Sanity check - the block must be able to fall through
293   assert(Cand.BranchBlock->canFallThrough() &&
294          "Expecting the block to fall through!");
295 
296   // We have already ensured there are exactly two successors to
297   // BranchBlock and that BranchTargetBlock is a successor to BranchBlock.
298   // Ensure the single fall though block is empty.
299   MachineBasicBlock *Succ =
300     (*Cand.BranchBlock->succ_begin() == Cand.BranchTargetBlock)
301     ? *Cand.BranchBlock->succ_rbegin()
302     : *Cand.BranchBlock->succ_begin();
303 
304   assert(Succ && "Expecting a valid fall-through block\n");
305 
306   if (!Succ->empty()) {
307     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Fall-through block contains code -- skip\n");
308     return false;
309   }
310 
311   if (!Succ->isSuccessor(Cand.BranchTargetBlock)) {
312     LLVM_DEBUG(
313         dbgs()
314         << "Successor of fall through block is not branch taken block\n");
315     return false;
316   }
317 
318   Cand.FallThroughBlock = Succ;
319   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Valid Candidate\n");
320   return true;
321 }
322 
323 ///
324 /// Determine if the two operand lists are identical
325 ///
326 /// \param[in] OpList1 operand list
327 /// \param[in] OpList2 operand list
328 /// \return true if and only if the operands lists are identical
329 ///
330 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::identicalOperands(
331     ArrayRef<MachineOperand> OpList1, ArrayRef<MachineOperand> OpList2) const {
332 
333   if (OpList1.size() != OpList2.size()) {
334     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Operand list is different size\n");
335     return false;
336   }
337 
338   for (unsigned i = 0; i < OpList1.size(); ++i) {
339     const MachineOperand &Op1 = OpList1[i];
340     const MachineOperand &Op2 = OpList2[i];
341 
342     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Op1: " << Op1 << "\n"
343                       << "Op2: " << Op2 << "\n");
344 
345     if (Op1.isIdenticalTo(Op2)) {
346       // filter out instructions with physical-register uses
347       if (Op1.isReg() && TargetRegisterInfo::isPhysicalRegister(Op1.getReg())
348         // If the physical register is constant then we can assume the value
349         // has not changed between uses.
350           && !(Op1.isUse() && MRI->isConstantPhysReg(Op1.getReg()))) {
351         LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "The operands are not provably identical.\n");
352         return false;
353       }
354       LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Op1 and Op2 are identical!\n");
355       continue;
356     }
357 
358     // If the operands are not identical, but are registers, check to see if the
359     // definition of the register produces the same value. If they produce the
360     // same value, consider them to be identical.
361     if (Op1.isReg() && Op2.isReg() &&
362         TargetRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(Op1.getReg()) &&
363         TargetRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(Op2.getReg())) {
364       MachineInstr *Op1Def = MRI->getVRegDef(Op1.getReg());
365       MachineInstr *Op2Def = MRI->getVRegDef(Op2.getReg());
366       if (TII->produceSameValue(*Op1Def, *Op2Def, MRI)) {
367         LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Op1Def: " << *Op1Def << " and " << *Op2Def
368                           << " produce the same value!\n");
369       } else {
370         LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Operands produce different values\n");
371         return false;
372       }
373     } else {
374       LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "The operands are not provably identical.\n");
375       return false;
376     }
377   }
378 
379   return true;
380 }
381 
382 ///
383 /// Moves ALL PHI instructions in SourceMBB to beginning of TargetMBB
384 /// and update them to refer to the new block.  PHI node ordering
385 /// cannot be assumed so it does not matter where the PHI instructions
386 /// are moved to in TargetMBB.
387 ///
388 /// \param[in] SourceMBB block to move PHI instructions from
389 /// \param[in] TargetMBB block to move PHI instructions to
390 ///
391 void PPCBranchCoalescing::moveAndUpdatePHIs(MachineBasicBlock *SourceMBB,
392                                          MachineBasicBlock *TargetMBB) {
393 
394   MachineBasicBlock::iterator MI = SourceMBB->begin();
395   MachineBasicBlock::iterator ME = SourceMBB->getFirstNonPHI();
396 
397   if (MI == ME) {
398     LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "SourceMBB contains no PHI instructions.\n");
399     return;
400   }
401 
402   // Update all PHI instructions in SourceMBB and move to top of TargetMBB
403   for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator Iter = MI; Iter != ME; Iter++) {
404     MachineInstr &PHIInst = *Iter;
405     for (unsigned i = 2, e = PHIInst.getNumOperands() + 1; i != e; i += 2) {
406       MachineOperand &MO = PHIInst.getOperand(i);
407       if (MO.getMBB() == SourceMBB)
408         MO.setMBB(TargetMBB);
409     }
410   }
411   TargetMBB->splice(TargetMBB->begin(), SourceMBB, MI, ME);
412 }
413 
414 ///
415 /// This function checks if MI can be moved to the beginning of the TargetMBB
416 /// following PHI instructions. A MI instruction can be moved to beginning of
417 /// the TargetMBB if there are no uses of it within the TargetMBB PHI nodes.
418 ///
419 /// \param[in] MI the machine instruction to move.
420 /// \param[in] TargetMBB the machine basic block to move to
421 /// \return true if it is safe to move MI to beginning of TargetMBB,
422 ///         false otherwise.
423 ///
424 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::canMoveToBeginning(const MachineInstr &MI,
425                                           const MachineBasicBlock &TargetMBB
426                                           ) const {
427 
428   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Checking if " << MI << " can move to beginning of "
429                     << TargetMBB.getNumber() << "\n");
430 
431   for (auto &Def : MI.defs()) { // Looking at Def
432     for (auto &Use : MRI->use_instructions(Def.getReg())) {
433       if (Use.isPHI() && Use.getParent() == &TargetMBB) {
434         LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    *** used in a PHI -- cannot move ***\n");
435         return false;
436       }
437     }
438   }
439 
440   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "  Safe to move to the beginning.\n");
441   return true;
442 }
443 
444 ///
445 /// This function checks if MI can be moved to the end of the TargetMBB,
446 /// immediately before the first terminator.  A MI instruction can be moved
447 /// to then end of the TargetMBB if no PHI node defines what MI uses within
448 /// it's own MBB.
449 ///
450 /// \param[in] MI the machine instruction to move.
451 /// \param[in] TargetMBB the machine basic block to move to
452 /// \return true if it is safe to move MI to end of TargetMBB,
453 ///         false otherwise.
454 ///
455 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::canMoveToEnd(const MachineInstr &MI,
456                                     const MachineBasicBlock &TargetMBB
457                                     ) const {
458 
459   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Checking if " << MI << " can move to end of "
460                     << TargetMBB.getNumber() << "\n");
461 
462   for (auto &Use : MI.uses()) {
463     if (Use.isReg() && TargetRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(Use.getReg())) {
464       MachineInstr *DefInst = MRI->getVRegDef(Use.getReg());
465       if (DefInst->isPHI() && DefInst->getParent() == MI.getParent()) {
466         LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    *** Cannot move this instruction ***\n");
467         return false;
468       } else {
469         LLVM_DEBUG(
470             dbgs() << "    *** def is in another block -- safe to move!\n");
471       }
472     }
473   }
474 
475   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "  Safe to move to the end.\n");
476   return true;
477 }
478 
479 ///
480 /// This method checks to ensure the two coalescing candidates follows the
481 /// expected pattern required for coalescing.
482 ///
483 /// \param[in] SourceRegion The candidate to move statements from
484 /// \param[in] TargetRegion The candidate to move statements to
485 /// \return true if all instructions in SourceRegion.BranchBlock can be merged
486 /// into a block in TargetRegion; false otherwise.
487 ///
488 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::validateCandidates(
489     CoalescingCandidateInfo &SourceRegion,
490     CoalescingCandidateInfo &TargetRegion) const {
491 
492   if (TargetRegion.BranchTargetBlock != SourceRegion.BranchBlock)
493     llvm_unreachable("Expecting SourceRegion to immediately follow TargetRegion");
494   else if (!MDT->dominates(TargetRegion.BranchBlock, SourceRegion.BranchBlock))
495     llvm_unreachable("Expecting TargetRegion to dominate SourceRegion");
496   else if (!MPDT->dominates(SourceRegion.BranchBlock, TargetRegion.BranchBlock))
497     llvm_unreachable("Expecting SourceRegion to post-dominate TargetRegion");
498   else if (!TargetRegion.FallThroughBlock->empty() ||
499            !SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock->empty())
500     llvm_unreachable("Expecting fall-through blocks to be empty");
501 
502   return true;
503 }
504 
505 ///
506 /// This method determines whether the two coalescing candidates can be merged.
507 /// In order to be merged, all instructions must be able to
508 ///   1. Move to the beginning of the SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock;
509 ///   2. Move to the end of the TargetRegion.BranchBlock.
510 /// Merging involves moving the instructions in the
511 /// TargetRegion.BranchTargetBlock (also SourceRegion.BranchBlock).
512 ///
513 /// This function first try to move instructions from the
514 /// TargetRegion.BranchTargetBlock down, to the beginning of the
515 /// SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock. This is not possible if any register defined
516 /// in TargetRegion.BranchTargetBlock is used in a PHI node in the
517 /// SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock. In this case, check whether the statement
518 /// can be moved up, to the end of the TargetRegion.BranchBlock (immediately
519 /// before the branch statement). If it cannot move, then these blocks cannot
520 /// be merged.
521 ///
522 /// Note that there is no analysis for moving instructions past the fall-through
523 /// blocks because they are confirmed to be empty. An assert is thrown if they
524 /// are not.
525 ///
526 /// \param[in] SourceRegion The candidate to move statements from
527 /// \param[in] TargetRegion The candidate to move statements to
528 /// \return true if all instructions in SourceRegion.BranchBlock can be merged
529 ///         into a block in TargetRegion, false otherwise.
530 ///
531 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::canMerge(CoalescingCandidateInfo &SourceRegion,
532                                 CoalescingCandidateInfo &TargetRegion) const {
533   if (!validateCandidates(SourceRegion, TargetRegion))
534     return false;
535 
536   // Walk through PHI nodes first and see if they force the merge into the
537   // SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock.
538   for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator
539            I = SourceRegion.BranchBlock->instr_begin(),
540            E = SourceRegion.BranchBlock->getFirstNonPHI();
541        I != E; ++I) {
542     for (auto &Def : I->defs())
543       for (auto &Use : MRI->use_instructions(Def.getReg())) {
544         if (Use.isPHI() && Use.getParent() == SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock) {
545           LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()
546                      << "PHI " << *I
547                      << " defines register used in another "
548                         "PHI within branch target block -- can't merge\n");
549           NumPHINotMoved++;
550           return false;
551         }
552         if (Use.getParent() == SourceRegion.BranchBlock) {
553           LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "PHI " << *I
554                             << " defines register used in this "
555                                "block -- all must move down\n");
556           SourceRegion.MustMoveDown = true;
557         }
558       }
559   }
560 
561   // Walk through the MI to see if they should be merged into
562   // TargetRegion.BranchBlock (up) or SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock (down)
563   for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator
564            I = SourceRegion.BranchBlock->getFirstNonPHI(),
565            E = SourceRegion.BranchBlock->end();
566        I != E; ++I) {
567     if (!canMoveToBeginning(*I, *SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock)) {
568       LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Instruction " << *I
569                         << " cannot move down - must move up!\n");
570       SourceRegion.MustMoveUp = true;
571     }
572     if (!canMoveToEnd(*I, *TargetRegion.BranchBlock)) {
573       LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Instruction " << *I
574                         << " cannot move up - must move down!\n");
575       SourceRegion.MustMoveDown = true;
576     }
577   }
578 
579   return (SourceRegion.MustMoveUp && SourceRegion.MustMoveDown) ? false : true;
580 }
581 
582 /// Merge the instructions from SourceRegion.BranchBlock,
583 /// SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock, and SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock into
584 /// TargetRegion.BranchBlock, TargetRegion.BranchTargetBlock and
585 /// TargetRegion.FallThroughBlock respectively.
586 ///
587 /// The successors for blocks in TargetRegion will be updated to use the
588 /// successors from blocks in SourceRegion. Finally, the blocks in SourceRegion
589 /// will be removed from the function.
590 ///
591 /// A region consists of a BranchBlock, a FallThroughBlock, and a
592 /// BranchTargetBlock. Branch coalesce works on patterns where the
593 /// TargetRegion's BranchTargetBlock must also be the SourceRegions's
594 /// BranchBlock.
595 ///
596 ///  Before mergeCandidates:
597 ///
598 ///  +---------------------------+
599 ///  |  TargetRegion.BranchBlock |
600 ///  +---------------------------+
601 ///     /        |
602 ///    /   +--------------------------------+
603 ///   |    |  TargetRegion.FallThroughBlock |
604 ///    \   +--------------------------------+
605 ///     \        |
606 ///  +----------------------------------+
607 ///  |  TargetRegion.BranchTargetBlock  |
608 ///  |  SourceRegion.BranchBlock        |
609 ///  +----------------------------------+
610 ///     /        |
611 ///    /   +--------------------------------+
612 ///   |    |  SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock |
613 ///    \   +--------------------------------+
614 ///     \        |
615 ///  +----------------------------------+
616 ///  |  SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock  |
617 ///  +----------------------------------+
618 ///
619 ///  After mergeCandidates:
620 ///
621 ///  +-----------------------------+
622 ///  |  TargetRegion.BranchBlock   |
623 ///  |  SourceRegion.BranchBlock   |
624 ///  +-----------------------------+
625 ///     /        |
626 ///    /   +---------------------------------+
627 ///   |    |  TargetRegion.FallThroughBlock  |
628 ///   |    |  SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock  |
629 ///    \   +---------------------------------+
630 ///     \        |
631 ///  +----------------------------------+
632 ///  |  SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock  |
633 ///  +----------------------------------+
634 ///
635 /// \param[in] SourceRegion The candidate to move blocks from
636 /// \param[in] TargetRegion The candidate to move blocks to
637 ///
638 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::mergeCandidates(CoalescingCandidateInfo &SourceRegion,
639                                        CoalescingCandidateInfo &TargetRegion) {
640 
641   if (SourceRegion.MustMoveUp && SourceRegion.MustMoveDown) {
642     llvm_unreachable("Cannot have both MustMoveDown and MustMoveUp set!");
643     return false;
644   }
645 
646   if (!validateCandidates(SourceRegion, TargetRegion))
647     return false;
648 
649   // Start the merging process by first handling the BranchBlock.
650   // Move any PHIs in SourceRegion.BranchBlock down to the branch-taken block
651   moveAndUpdatePHIs(SourceRegion.BranchBlock, SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock);
652 
653   // Move remaining instructions in SourceRegion.BranchBlock into
654   // TargetRegion.BranchBlock
655   MachineBasicBlock::iterator firstInstr =
656       SourceRegion.BranchBlock->getFirstNonPHI();
657   MachineBasicBlock::iterator lastInstr =
658       SourceRegion.BranchBlock->getFirstTerminator();
659 
660   MachineBasicBlock *Source = SourceRegion.MustMoveDown
661                                   ? SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock
662                                   : TargetRegion.BranchBlock;
663 
664   MachineBasicBlock::iterator Target =
665       SourceRegion.MustMoveDown
666           ? SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock->getFirstNonPHI()
667           : TargetRegion.BranchBlock->getFirstTerminator();
668 
669   Source->splice(Target, SourceRegion.BranchBlock, firstInstr, lastInstr);
670 
671   // Once PHI and instructions have been moved we need to clean up the
672   // control flow.
673 
674   // Remove SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock before transferring successors of
675   // SourceRegion.BranchBlock to TargetRegion.BranchBlock.
676   SourceRegion.BranchBlock->removeSuccessor(SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock);
677   TargetRegion.BranchBlock->transferSuccessorsAndUpdatePHIs(
678       SourceRegion.BranchBlock);
679   // Update branch in TargetRegion.BranchBlock to jump to
680   // SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock
681   // In this case, TargetRegion.BranchTargetBlock == SourceRegion.BranchBlock.
682   TargetRegion.BranchBlock->ReplaceUsesOfBlockWith(
683       SourceRegion.BranchBlock, SourceRegion.BranchTargetBlock);
684   // Remove the branch statement(s) in SourceRegion.BranchBlock
685   MachineBasicBlock::iterator I =
686       SourceRegion.BranchBlock->terminators().begin();
687   while (I != SourceRegion.BranchBlock->terminators().end()) {
688     MachineInstr &CurrInst = *I;
689     ++I;
690     if (CurrInst.isBranch())
691       CurrInst.eraseFromParent();
692   }
693 
694   // Fall-through block should be empty since this is part of the condition
695   // to coalesce the branches.
696   assert(TargetRegion.FallThroughBlock->empty() &&
697          "FallThroughBlocks should be empty!");
698 
699   // Transfer successor information and move PHIs down to the
700   // branch-taken block.
701   TargetRegion.FallThroughBlock->transferSuccessorsAndUpdatePHIs(
702       SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock);
703   TargetRegion.FallThroughBlock->removeSuccessor(SourceRegion.BranchBlock);
704 
705   // Remove the blocks from the function.
706   assert(SourceRegion.BranchBlock->empty() &&
707          "Expecting branch block to be empty!");
708   SourceRegion.BranchBlock->eraseFromParent();
709 
710   assert(SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock->empty() &&
711          "Expecting fall-through block to be empty!\n");
712   SourceRegion.FallThroughBlock->eraseFromParent();
713 
714   NumBlocksCoalesced++;
715   return true;
716 }
717 
718 bool PPCBranchCoalescing::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) {
719 
720   if (skipFunction(MF.getFunction()) || MF.empty())
721     return false;
722 
723   bool didSomething = false;
724 
725   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "******** Branch Coalescing ********\n");
726   initialize(MF);
727 
728   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Function: "; MF.dump(); dbgs() << "\n");
729 
730   CoalescingCandidateInfo Cand1, Cand2;
731   // Walk over blocks and find candidates to merge
732   // Continue trying to merge with the first candidate found, as long as merging
733   // is successfull.
734   for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
735     bool MergedCandidates = false;
736     do {
737       MergedCandidates = false;
738       Cand1.clear();
739       Cand2.clear();
740 
741       Cand1.BranchBlock = &MBB;
742 
743       // If unable to coalesce the branch, then continue to next block
744       if (!canCoalesceBranch(Cand1))
745         break;
746 
747       Cand2.BranchBlock = Cand1.BranchTargetBlock;
748       if (!canCoalesceBranch(Cand2))
749         break;
750 
751       // Sanity check
752       // The branch-taken block of the second candidate should post-dominate the
753       // first candidate
754       assert(MPDT->dominates(Cand2.BranchTargetBlock, Cand1.BranchBlock) &&
755              "Branch-taken block should post-dominate first candidate");
756 
757       if (!identicalOperands(Cand1.Cond, Cand2.Cond)) {
758         LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Blocks " << Cand1.BranchBlock->getNumber()
759                           << " and " << Cand2.BranchBlock->getNumber()
760                           << " have different branches\n");
761         break;
762       }
763       if (!canMerge(Cand2, Cand1)) {
764         LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Cannot merge blocks "
765                           << Cand1.BranchBlock->getNumber() << " and "
766                           << Cand2.BranchBlock->getNumber() << "\n");
767         NumBlocksNotCoalesced++;
768         continue;
769       }
770       LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Merging blocks " << Cand1.BranchBlock->getNumber()
771                         << " and " << Cand1.BranchTargetBlock->getNumber()
772                         << "\n");
773       MergedCandidates = mergeCandidates(Cand2, Cand1);
774       if (MergedCandidates)
775         didSomething = true;
776 
777       LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Function after merging: "; MF.dump();
778                  dbgs() << "\n");
779     } while (MergedCandidates);
780   }
781 
782 #ifndef NDEBUG
783   // Verify MF is still valid after branch coalescing
784   if (didSomething)
785     MF.verify(nullptr, "Error in code produced by branch coalescing");
786 #endif // NDEBUG
787 
788   LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Finished Branch Coalescing\n");
789   return didSomething;
790 }
791