xref: /llvm-project/lldb/source/Commands/CommandObjectMemory.cpp (revision 7d19566c3bfb3efacb629d18839e2d85761156ab)
1 //===-- CommandObjectMemory.cpp -------------------------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "CommandObjectMemory.h"
10 #include "CommandObjectMemoryTag.h"
11 #include "lldb/Core/DumpDataExtractor.h"
12 #include "lldb/Core/Section.h"
13 #include "lldb/Core/ValueObjectMemory.h"
14 #include "lldb/Expression/ExpressionVariable.h"
15 #include "lldb/Host/OptionParser.h"
16 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandReturnObject.h"
17 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionArgParser.h"
18 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupFormat.h"
19 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupOutputFile.h"
20 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay.h"
21 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueLanguage.h"
22 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueString.h"
23 #include "lldb/Interpreter/Options.h"
24 #include "lldb/Symbol/SymbolFile.h"
25 #include "lldb/Symbol/TypeList.h"
26 #include "lldb/Target/ABI.h"
27 #include "lldb/Target/Language.h"
28 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryHistory.h"
29 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryRegionInfo.h"
30 #include "lldb/Target/Process.h"
31 #include "lldb/Target/StackFrame.h"
32 #include "lldb/Target/Target.h"
33 #include "lldb/Target/Thread.h"
34 #include "lldb/Utility/Args.h"
35 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferHeap.h"
36 #include "lldb/Utility/DataBufferLLVM.h"
37 #include "lldb/Utility/StreamString.h"
38 #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
39 #include <cinttypes>
40 #include <memory>
41 
42 using namespace lldb;
43 using namespace lldb_private;
44 
45 #define LLDB_OPTIONS_memory_read
46 #include "CommandOptions.inc"
47 
48 class OptionGroupReadMemory : public OptionGroup {
49 public:
50   OptionGroupReadMemory()
51       : m_num_per_line(1, 1), m_offset(0, 0),
52         m_language_for_type(eLanguageTypeUnknown) {}
53 
54   ~OptionGroupReadMemory() override = default;
55 
56   llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
57     return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_read_options);
58   }
59 
60   Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
61                         ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
62     Status error;
63     const int short_option = g_memory_read_options[option_idx].short_option;
64 
65     switch (short_option) {
66     case 'l':
67       error = m_num_per_line.SetValueFromString(option_value);
68       if (m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue() == 0)
69         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
70             "invalid value for --num-per-line option '%s'",
71             option_value.str().c_str());
72       break;
73 
74     case 'b':
75       m_output_as_binary = true;
76       break;
77 
78     case 't':
79       error = m_view_as_type.SetValueFromString(option_value);
80       break;
81 
82     case 'r':
83       m_force = true;
84       break;
85 
86     case 'x':
87       error = m_language_for_type.SetValueFromString(option_value);
88       break;
89 
90     case 'E':
91       error = m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value);
92       break;
93 
94     default:
95       llvm_unreachable("Unimplemented option");
96     }
97     return error;
98   }
99 
100   void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
101     m_num_per_line.Clear();
102     m_output_as_binary = false;
103     m_view_as_type.Clear();
104     m_force = false;
105     m_offset.Clear();
106     m_language_for_type.Clear();
107   }
108 
109   Status FinalizeSettings(Target *target, OptionGroupFormat &format_options) {
110     Status error;
111     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
112     OptionValueUInt64 &count_value = format_options.GetCountValue();
113     const bool byte_size_option_set = byte_size_value.OptionWasSet();
114     const bool num_per_line_option_set = m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet();
115     const bool count_option_set = format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet();
116 
117     switch (format_options.GetFormat()) {
118     default:
119       break;
120 
121     case eFormatBoolean:
122       if (!byte_size_option_set)
123         byte_size_value = 1;
124       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
125         m_num_per_line = 1;
126       if (!count_option_set)
127         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
128       break;
129 
130     case eFormatCString:
131       break;
132 
133     case eFormatInstruction:
134       if (count_option_set)
135         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetMaximumOpcodeByteSize();
136       m_num_per_line = 1;
137       break;
138 
139     case eFormatAddressInfo:
140       if (!byte_size_option_set)
141         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
142       m_num_per_line = 1;
143       if (!count_option_set)
144         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
145       break;
146 
147     case eFormatPointer:
148       byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
149       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
150         m_num_per_line = 4;
151       if (!count_option_set)
152         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
153       break;
154 
155     case eFormatBinary:
156     case eFormatFloat:
157     case eFormatOctal:
158     case eFormatDecimal:
159     case eFormatEnum:
160     case eFormatUnicode8:
161     case eFormatUnicode16:
162     case eFormatUnicode32:
163     case eFormatUnsigned:
164     case eFormatHexFloat:
165       if (!byte_size_option_set)
166         byte_size_value = 4;
167       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
168         m_num_per_line = 1;
169       if (!count_option_set)
170         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
171       break;
172 
173     case eFormatBytes:
174     case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
175       if (byte_size_option_set) {
176         if (byte_size_value > 1)
177           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
178               "display format (bytes/bytes with ASCII) conflicts with the "
179               "specified byte size %" PRIu64 "\n"
180               "\tconsider using a different display format or don't specify "
181               "the byte size.",
182               byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue());
183       } else
184         byte_size_value = 1;
185       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
186         m_num_per_line = 16;
187       if (!count_option_set)
188         format_options.GetCountValue() = 32;
189       break;
190 
191     case eFormatCharArray:
192     case eFormatChar:
193     case eFormatCharPrintable:
194       if (!byte_size_option_set)
195         byte_size_value = 1;
196       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
197         m_num_per_line = 32;
198       if (!count_option_set)
199         format_options.GetCountValue() = 64;
200       break;
201 
202     case eFormatComplex:
203       if (!byte_size_option_set)
204         byte_size_value = 8;
205       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
206         m_num_per_line = 1;
207       if (!count_option_set)
208         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
209       break;
210 
211     case eFormatComplexInteger:
212       if (!byte_size_option_set)
213         byte_size_value = 8;
214       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
215         m_num_per_line = 1;
216       if (!count_option_set)
217         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
218       break;
219 
220     case eFormatHex:
221       if (!byte_size_option_set)
222         byte_size_value = 4;
223       if (!num_per_line_option_set) {
224         switch (byte_size_value) {
225         case 1:
226         case 2:
227           m_num_per_line = 8;
228           break;
229         case 4:
230           m_num_per_line = 4;
231           break;
232         case 8:
233           m_num_per_line = 2;
234           break;
235         default:
236           m_num_per_line = 1;
237           break;
238         }
239       }
240       if (!count_option_set)
241         count_value = 8;
242       break;
243 
244     case eFormatVectorOfChar:
245     case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
246     case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
247     case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
248     case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
249     case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
250     case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
251     case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
252     case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
253     case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
254     case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
255     case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
256     case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
257       if (!byte_size_option_set)
258         byte_size_value = 128;
259       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
260         m_num_per_line = 1;
261       if (!count_option_set)
262         count_value = 4;
263       break;
264     }
265     return error;
266   }
267 
268   bool AnyOptionWasSet() const {
269     return m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet() || m_output_as_binary ||
270            m_view_as_type.OptionWasSet() || m_offset.OptionWasSet() ||
271            m_language_for_type.OptionWasSet();
272   }
273 
274   OptionValueUInt64 m_num_per_line;
275   bool m_output_as_binary = false;
276   OptionValueString m_view_as_type;
277   bool m_force;
278   OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
279   OptionValueLanguage m_language_for_type;
280 };
281 
282 // Read memory from the inferior process
283 class CommandObjectMemoryRead : public CommandObjectParsed {
284 public:
285   CommandObjectMemoryRead(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
286       : CommandObjectParsed(
287             interpreter, "memory read",
288             "Read from the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
289             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandProcessMustBePaused),
290         m_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
291 
292         m_next_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS), m_prev_byte_size(0),
293         m_prev_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8) {
294     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
295     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
296     CommandArgumentData start_addr_arg;
297     CommandArgumentData end_addr_arg;
298 
299     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
300     start_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
301     start_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
302 
303     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
304     // argument entry.
305     arg1.push_back(start_addr_arg);
306 
307     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
308     end_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
309     end_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatOptional;
310 
311     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
312     // argument entry.
313     arg2.push_back(end_addr_arg);
314 
315     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
316     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
317     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
318 
319     // Add the "--format" and "--count" options to group 1 and 3
320     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
321                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT |
322                               OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_COUNT,
323                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
324     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
325                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_GDB_FMT,
326                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
327     // Add the "--size" option to group 1 and 2
328     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
329                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
330                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
331     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
332     m_option_group.Append(&m_outfile_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL,
333                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
334     m_option_group.Append(&m_varobj_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
335     m_option_group.Finalize();
336   }
337 
338   ~CommandObjectMemoryRead() override = default;
339 
340   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
341 
342   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
343                                uint32_t index) override {
344     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
345   }
346 
347 protected:
348   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
349     // No need to check "target" for validity as eCommandRequiresTarget ensures
350     // it is valid
351     Target *target = m_exe_ctx.GetTargetPtr();
352 
353     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
354 
355     if ((argc == 0 && m_next_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) || argc > 2) {
356       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes a start address expression with "
357                                    "an optional end address expression.\n",
358                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
359       result.AppendWarning("Expressions should be quoted if they contain "
360                            "spaces or other special characters.");
361       return false;
362     }
363 
364     CompilerType compiler_type;
365     Status error;
366 
367     const char *view_as_type_cstr =
368         m_memory_options.m_view_as_type.GetCurrentValue();
369     if (view_as_type_cstr && view_as_type_cstr[0]) {
370       // We are viewing memory as a type
371 
372       const bool exact_match = false;
373       TypeList type_list;
374       uint32_t reference_count = 0;
375       uint32_t pointer_count = 0;
376       size_t idx;
377 
378 #define ALL_KEYWORDS                                                           \
379   KEYWORD("const")                                                             \
380   KEYWORD("volatile")                                                          \
381   KEYWORD("restrict")                                                          \
382   KEYWORD("struct")                                                            \
383   KEYWORD("class")                                                             \
384   KEYWORD("union")
385 
386 #define KEYWORD(s) s,
387       static const char *g_keywords[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
388 #undef KEYWORD
389 
390 #define KEYWORD(s) (sizeof(s) - 1),
391       static const int g_keyword_lengths[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
392 #undef KEYWORD
393 
394 #undef ALL_KEYWORDS
395 
396       static size_t g_num_keywords = sizeof(g_keywords) / sizeof(const char *);
397       std::string type_str(view_as_type_cstr);
398 
399       // Remove all instances of g_keywords that are followed by spaces
400       for (size_t i = 0; i < g_num_keywords; ++i) {
401         const char *keyword = g_keywords[i];
402         int keyword_len = g_keyword_lengths[i];
403 
404         idx = 0;
405         while ((idx = type_str.find(keyword, idx)) != std::string::npos) {
406           if (type_str[idx + keyword_len] == ' ' ||
407               type_str[idx + keyword_len] == '\t') {
408             type_str.erase(idx, keyword_len + 1);
409             idx = 0;
410           } else {
411             idx += keyword_len;
412           }
413         }
414       }
415       bool done = type_str.empty();
416       //
417       idx = type_str.find_first_not_of(" \t");
418       if (idx > 0 && idx != std::string::npos)
419         type_str.erase(0, idx);
420       while (!done) {
421         // Strip trailing spaces
422         if (type_str.empty())
423           done = true;
424         else {
425           switch (type_str[type_str.size() - 1]) {
426           case '*':
427             ++pointer_count;
428             LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
429           case ' ':
430           case '\t':
431             type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
432             break;
433 
434           case '&':
435             if (reference_count == 0) {
436               reference_count = 1;
437               type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
438             } else {
439               result.AppendErrorWithFormat("invalid type string: '%s'\n",
440                                            view_as_type_cstr);
441               return false;
442             }
443             break;
444 
445           default:
446             done = true;
447             break;
448           }
449         }
450       }
451 
452       llvm::DenseSet<lldb_private::SymbolFile *> searched_symbol_files;
453       ConstString lookup_type_name(type_str.c_str());
454       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
455       ModuleSP search_first;
456       if (frame) {
457         search_first = frame->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextModule).module_sp;
458       }
459       target->GetImages().FindTypes(search_first.get(), lookup_type_name,
460                                     exact_match, 1, searched_symbol_files,
461                                     type_list);
462 
463       if (type_list.GetSize() == 0 && lookup_type_name.GetCString()) {
464         LanguageType language_for_type =
465             m_memory_options.m_language_for_type.GetCurrentValue();
466         std::set<LanguageType> languages_to_check;
467         if (language_for_type != eLanguageTypeUnknown) {
468           languages_to_check.insert(language_for_type);
469         } else {
470           languages_to_check = Language::GetSupportedLanguages();
471         }
472 
473         std::set<CompilerType> user_defined_types;
474         for (auto lang : languages_to_check) {
475           if (auto *persistent_vars =
476                   target->GetPersistentExpressionStateForLanguage(lang)) {
477             if (llvm::Optional<CompilerType> type =
478                     persistent_vars->GetCompilerTypeFromPersistentDecl(
479                         lookup_type_name)) {
480               user_defined_types.emplace(*type);
481             }
482           }
483         }
484 
485         if (user_defined_types.size() > 1) {
486           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
487               "Mutiple types found matching raw type '%s', please disambiguate "
488               "by specifying the language with -x",
489               lookup_type_name.GetCString());
490           return false;
491         }
492 
493         if (user_defined_types.size() == 1) {
494           compiler_type = *user_defined_types.begin();
495         }
496       }
497 
498       if (!compiler_type.IsValid()) {
499         if (type_list.GetSize() == 0) {
500           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("unable to find any types that match "
501                                        "the raw type '%s' for full type '%s'\n",
502                                        lookup_type_name.GetCString(),
503                                        view_as_type_cstr);
504           return false;
505         } else {
506           TypeSP type_sp(type_list.GetTypeAtIndex(0));
507           compiler_type = type_sp->GetFullCompilerType();
508         }
509       }
510 
511       while (pointer_count > 0) {
512         CompilerType pointer_type = compiler_type.GetPointerType();
513         if (pointer_type.IsValid())
514           compiler_type = pointer_type;
515         else {
516           result.AppendError("unable make a pointer type\n");
517           return false;
518         }
519         --pointer_count;
520       }
521 
522       llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size = compiler_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
523       if (!size) {
524         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
525             "unable to get the byte size of the type '%s'\n",
526             view_as_type_cstr);
527         return false;
528       }
529       m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue() = *size;
530 
531       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
532         m_format_options.GetCountValue() = 1;
533     } else {
534       error = m_memory_options.FinalizeSettings(target, m_format_options);
535     }
536 
537     // Look for invalid combinations of settings
538     if (error.Fail()) {
539       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
540       return false;
541     }
542 
543     lldb::addr_t addr;
544     size_t total_byte_size = 0;
545     if (argc == 0) {
546       // Use the last address and byte size and all options as they were if no
547       // options have been set
548       addr = m_next_addr;
549       total_byte_size = m_prev_byte_size;
550       compiler_type = m_prev_compiler_type;
551       if (!m_format_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
552           !m_memory_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
553           !m_outfile_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
554           !m_varobj_options.AnyOptionWasSet()) {
555         m_format_options = m_prev_format_options;
556         m_memory_options = m_prev_memory_options;
557         m_outfile_options = m_prev_outfile_options;
558         m_varobj_options = m_prev_varobj_options;
559       }
560     }
561 
562     size_t item_count = m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
563 
564     // TODO For non-8-bit byte addressable architectures this needs to be
565     // revisited to fully support all lldb's range of formatting options.
566     // Furthermore code memory reads (for those architectures) will not be
567     // correctly formatted even w/o formatting options.
568     size_t item_byte_size =
569         target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize() > 1
570             ? target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize()
571             : m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
572 
573     const size_t num_per_line =
574         m_memory_options.m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue();
575 
576     if (total_byte_size == 0) {
577       total_byte_size = item_count * item_byte_size;
578       if (total_byte_size == 0)
579         total_byte_size = 32;
580     }
581 
582     if (argc > 0)
583       addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(),
584                                         LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
585 
586     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
587       result.AppendError("invalid start address expression.");
588       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
589       return false;
590     }
591 
592     ABISP abi = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr()->GetABI();
593     if (abi)
594       addr = abi->FixDataAddress(addr);
595 
596     if (argc == 2) {
597       lldb::addr_t end_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
598           &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, nullptr);
599       if (end_addr != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS && abi)
600         end_addr = abi->FixDataAddress(end_addr);
601 
602       if (end_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
603         result.AppendError("invalid end address expression.");
604         result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
605         return false;
606       } else if (end_addr <= addr) {
607         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
608             "end address (0x%" PRIx64
609             ") must be greater than the start address (0x%" PRIx64 ").\n",
610             end_addr, addr);
611         return false;
612       } else if (m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet()) {
613         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
614             "specify either the end address (0x%" PRIx64
615             ") or the count (--count %" PRIu64 "), not both.\n",
616             end_addr, (uint64_t)item_count);
617         return false;
618       }
619 
620       total_byte_size = end_addr - addr;
621       item_count = total_byte_size / item_byte_size;
622     }
623 
624     uint32_t max_unforced_size = target->GetMaximumMemReadSize();
625 
626     if (total_byte_size > max_unforced_size && !m_memory_options.m_force) {
627       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
628           "Normally, \'memory read\' will not read over %" PRIu32
629           " bytes of data.\n",
630           max_unforced_size);
631       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
632           "Please use --force to override this restriction just once.\n");
633       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("or set target.max-memory-read-size if you "
634                                    "will often need a larger limit.\n");
635       return false;
636     }
637 
638     DataBufferSP data_sp;
639     size_t bytes_read = 0;
640     if (compiler_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
641       // Make sure we don't display our type as ASCII bytes like the default
642       // memory read
643       if (!m_format_options.GetFormatValue().OptionWasSet())
644         m_format_options.GetFormatValue().SetCurrentValue(eFormatDefault);
645 
646       llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size = compiler_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
647       if (!size) {
648         result.AppendError("can't get size of type");
649         return false;
650       }
651       bytes_read = *size * m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
652 
653       if (argc > 0)
654         addr = addr + (*size * m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue());
655     } else if (m_format_options.GetFormatValue().GetCurrentValue() !=
656                eFormatCString) {
657       data_sp = std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(total_byte_size, '\0');
658       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
659         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
660             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx32
661             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
662             (uint32_t)total_byte_size);
663         return false;
664       }
665 
666       Address address(addr, nullptr);
667       bytes_read = target->ReadMemory(address, data_sp->GetBytes(),
668                                       data_sp->GetByteSize(), error, true);
669       if (bytes_read == 0) {
670         const char *error_cstr = error.AsCString();
671         if (error_cstr && error_cstr[0]) {
672           result.AppendError(error_cstr);
673         } else {
674           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
675               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
676         }
677         return false;
678       }
679 
680       if (bytes_read < total_byte_size)
681         result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
682             "Not all bytes (%" PRIu64 "/%" PRIu64
683             ") were able to be read from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n",
684             (uint64_t)bytes_read, (uint64_t)total_byte_size, addr);
685     } else {
686       // we treat c-strings as a special case because they do not have a fixed
687       // size
688       if (m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().OptionWasSet() &&
689           !m_format_options.HasGDBFormat())
690         item_byte_size = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
691       else
692         item_byte_size = target->GetMaximumSizeOfStringSummary();
693       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
694         item_count = 1;
695       data_sp = std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(
696           (item_byte_size + 1) * item_count,
697           '\0'); // account for NULLs as necessary
698       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
699         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
700             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx64
701             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
702             (uint64_t)((item_byte_size + 1) * item_count));
703         return false;
704       }
705       uint8_t *data_ptr = data_sp->GetBytes();
706       auto data_addr = addr;
707       auto count = item_count;
708       item_count = 0;
709       bool break_on_no_NULL = false;
710       while (item_count < count) {
711         std::string buffer;
712         buffer.resize(item_byte_size + 1, 0);
713         Status error;
714         size_t read = target->ReadCStringFromMemory(data_addr, &buffer[0],
715                                                     item_byte_size + 1, error);
716         if (error.Fail()) {
717           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
718               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
719           return false;
720         }
721 
722         if (item_byte_size == read) {
723           result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
724               "unable to find a NULL terminated string at 0x%" PRIx64
725               ". Consider increasing the maximum read length.\n",
726               data_addr);
727           --read;
728           break_on_no_NULL = true;
729         } else
730           ++read; // account for final NULL byte
731 
732         memcpy(data_ptr, &buffer[0], read);
733         data_ptr += read;
734         data_addr += read;
735         bytes_read += read;
736         item_count++; // if we break early we know we only read item_count
737                       // strings
738 
739         if (break_on_no_NULL)
740           break;
741       }
742       data_sp =
743           std::make_shared<DataBufferHeap>(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read + 1);
744     }
745 
746     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_read;
747     m_prev_byte_size = bytes_read;
748     m_prev_format_options = m_format_options;
749     m_prev_memory_options = m_memory_options;
750     m_prev_outfile_options = m_outfile_options;
751     m_prev_varobj_options = m_varobj_options;
752     m_prev_compiler_type = compiler_type;
753 
754     std::unique_ptr<Stream> output_stream_storage;
755     Stream *output_stream_p = nullptr;
756     const FileSpec &outfile_spec =
757         m_outfile_options.GetFile().GetCurrentValue();
758 
759     std::string path = outfile_spec.GetPath();
760     if (outfile_spec) {
761 
762       File::OpenOptions open_options =
763           File::eOpenOptionWriteOnly | File::eOpenOptionCanCreate;
764       const bool append = m_outfile_options.GetAppend().GetCurrentValue();
765       open_options |=
766           append ? File::eOpenOptionAppend : File::eOpenOptionTruncate;
767 
768       auto outfile = FileSystem::Instance().Open(outfile_spec, open_options);
769 
770       if (outfile) {
771         auto outfile_stream_up =
772             std::make_unique<StreamFile>(std::move(outfile.get()));
773         if (m_memory_options.m_output_as_binary) {
774           const size_t bytes_written =
775               outfile_stream_up->Write(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read);
776           if (bytes_written > 0) {
777             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
778                 "%zi bytes %s to '%s'\n", bytes_written,
779                 append ? "appended" : "written", path.c_str());
780             return true;
781           } else {
782             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to write %" PRIu64
783                                          " bytes to '%s'.\n",
784                                          (uint64_t)bytes_read, path.c_str());
785             return false;
786           }
787         } else {
788           // We are going to write ASCII to the file just point the
789           // output_stream to our outfile_stream...
790           output_stream_storage = std::move(outfile_stream_up);
791           output_stream_p = output_stream_storage.get();
792         }
793       } else {
794         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to open file '%s' for %s:\n",
795                                      path.c_str(), append ? "append" : "write");
796 
797         result.AppendError(llvm::toString(outfile.takeError()));
798         return false;
799       }
800     } else {
801       output_stream_p = &result.GetOutputStream();
802     }
803 
804     ExecutionContextScope *exe_scope = m_exe_ctx.GetBestExecutionContextScope();
805     if (compiler_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
806       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < item_count; ++i) {
807         addr_t item_addr = addr + (i * item_byte_size);
808         Address address(item_addr);
809         StreamString name_strm;
810         name_strm.Printf("0x%" PRIx64, item_addr);
811         ValueObjectSP valobj_sp(ValueObjectMemory::Create(
812             exe_scope, name_strm.GetString(), address, compiler_type));
813         if (valobj_sp) {
814           Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
815           if (format != eFormatDefault)
816             valobj_sp->SetFormat(format);
817 
818           DumpValueObjectOptions options(m_varobj_options.GetAsDumpOptions(
819               eLanguageRuntimeDescriptionDisplayVerbosityFull, format));
820 
821           valobj_sp->Dump(*output_stream_p, options);
822         } else {
823           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
824               "failed to create a value object for: (%s) %s\n",
825               view_as_type_cstr, name_strm.GetData());
826           return false;
827         }
828       }
829       return true;
830     }
831 
832     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
833     DataExtractor data(data_sp, target->GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder(),
834                        target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
835                        target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize());
836 
837     Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
838     if (((format == eFormatChar) || (format == eFormatCharPrintable)) &&
839         (item_byte_size != 1)) {
840       // if a count was not passed, or it is 1
841       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet() || item_count == 1) {
842         // this turns requests such as
843         // memory read -fc -s10 -c1 *charPtrPtr
844         // which make no sense (what is a char of size 10?) into a request for
845         // fetching 10 chars of size 1 from the same memory location
846         format = eFormatCharArray;
847         item_count = item_byte_size;
848         item_byte_size = 1;
849       } else {
850         // here we passed a count, and it was not 1 so we have a byte_size and
851         // a count we could well multiply those, but instead let's just fail
852         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
853             "reading memory as characters of size %" PRIu64 " is not supported",
854             (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
855         return false;
856       }
857     }
858 
859     assert(output_stream_p);
860     size_t bytes_dumped = DumpDataExtractor(
861         data, output_stream_p, 0, format, item_byte_size, item_count,
862         num_per_line / target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize(), addr, 0, 0,
863         exe_scope);
864     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_dumped;
865     output_stream_p->EOL();
866     return true;
867   }
868 
869   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
870   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
871   OptionGroupReadMemory m_memory_options;
872   OptionGroupOutputFile m_outfile_options;
873   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_varobj_options;
874   lldb::addr_t m_next_addr;
875   lldb::addr_t m_prev_byte_size;
876   OptionGroupFormat m_prev_format_options;
877   OptionGroupReadMemory m_prev_memory_options;
878   OptionGroupOutputFile m_prev_outfile_options;
879   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_prev_varobj_options;
880   CompilerType m_prev_compiler_type;
881 };
882 
883 #define LLDB_OPTIONS_memory_find
884 #include "CommandOptions.inc"
885 
886 // Find the specified data in memory
887 class CommandObjectMemoryFind : public CommandObjectParsed {
888 public:
889   class OptionGroupFindMemory : public OptionGroup {
890   public:
891     OptionGroupFindMemory() : m_count(1), m_offset(0) {}
892 
893     ~OptionGroupFindMemory() override = default;
894 
895     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
896       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_find_options);
897     }
898 
899     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
900                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
901       Status error;
902       const int short_option = g_memory_find_options[option_idx].short_option;
903 
904       switch (short_option) {
905       case 'e':
906         m_expr.SetValueFromString(option_value);
907         break;
908 
909       case 's':
910         m_string.SetValueFromString(option_value);
911         break;
912 
913       case 'c':
914         if (m_count.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
915           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for count");
916         break;
917 
918       case 'o':
919         if (m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_value).Fail())
920           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for dump-offset");
921         break;
922 
923       default:
924         llvm_unreachable("Unimplemented option");
925       }
926       return error;
927     }
928 
929     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
930       m_expr.Clear();
931       m_string.Clear();
932       m_count.Clear();
933     }
934 
935     OptionValueString m_expr;
936     OptionValueString m_string;
937     OptionValueUInt64 m_count;
938     OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
939   };
940 
941   CommandObjectMemoryFind(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
942       : CommandObjectParsed(
943             interpreter, "memory find",
944             "Find a value in the memory of the current target process.",
945             nullptr, eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched) {
946     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
947     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
948     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
949     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
950 
951     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
952     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
953     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
954 
955     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
956     // argument entry.
957     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
958 
959     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
960     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
961     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
962 
963     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
964     // argument entry.
965     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
966 
967     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
968     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
969     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
970 
971     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
972     m_option_group.Finalize();
973   }
974 
975   ~CommandObjectMemoryFind() override = default;
976 
977   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
978 
979 protected:
980   class ProcessMemoryIterator {
981   public:
982     ProcessMemoryIterator(ProcessSP process_sp, lldb::addr_t base)
983         : m_process_sp(process_sp), m_base_addr(base), m_is_valid(true) {
984       lldbassert(process_sp.get() != nullptr);
985     }
986 
987     bool IsValid() { return m_is_valid; }
988 
989     uint8_t operator[](lldb::addr_t offset) {
990       if (!IsValid())
991         return 0;
992 
993       uint8_t retval = 0;
994       Status error;
995       if (0 ==
996           m_process_sp->ReadMemory(m_base_addr + offset, &retval, 1, error)) {
997         m_is_valid = false;
998         return 0;
999       }
1000 
1001       return retval;
1002     }
1003 
1004   private:
1005     ProcessSP m_process_sp;
1006     lldb::addr_t m_base_addr;
1007     bool m_is_valid;
1008   };
1009   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1010     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1011     // ensures it is valid
1012     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1013 
1014     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1015 
1016     if (argc != 2) {
1017       result.AppendError("two addresses needed for memory find");
1018       return false;
1019     }
1020 
1021     Status error;
1022     lldb::addr_t low_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1023         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1024     if (low_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1025       result.AppendError("invalid low address");
1026       return false;
1027     }
1028     lldb::addr_t high_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1029         &m_exe_ctx, command[1].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1030     if (high_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1031       result.AppendError("invalid high address");
1032       return false;
1033     }
1034 
1035     ABISP abi = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr()->GetABI();
1036     if (abi) {
1037       low_addr = abi->FixDataAddress(low_addr);
1038       high_addr = abi->FixDataAddress(high_addr);
1039     }
1040 
1041     if (high_addr <= low_addr) {
1042       result.AppendError(
1043           "starting address must be smaller than ending address");
1044       return false;
1045     }
1046 
1047     lldb::addr_t found_location = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1048 
1049     DataBufferHeap buffer;
1050 
1051     if (m_memory_options.m_string.OptionWasSet())
1052       buffer.CopyData(m_memory_options.m_string.GetStringValue());
1053     else if (m_memory_options.m_expr.OptionWasSet()) {
1054       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
1055       ValueObjectSP result_sp;
1056       if ((eExpressionCompleted ==
1057            process->GetTarget().EvaluateExpression(
1058                m_memory_options.m_expr.GetStringValue(), frame, result_sp)) &&
1059           result_sp) {
1060         uint64_t value = result_sp->GetValueAsUnsigned(0);
1061         llvm::Optional<uint64_t> size =
1062             result_sp->GetCompilerType().GetByteSize(nullptr);
1063         if (!size)
1064           return false;
1065         switch (*size) {
1066         case 1: {
1067           uint8_t byte = (uint8_t)value;
1068           buffer.CopyData(&byte, 1);
1069         } break;
1070         case 2: {
1071           uint16_t word = (uint16_t)value;
1072           buffer.CopyData(&word, 2);
1073         } break;
1074         case 4: {
1075           uint32_t lword = (uint32_t)value;
1076           buffer.CopyData(&lword, 4);
1077         } break;
1078         case 8: {
1079           buffer.CopyData(&value, 8);
1080         } break;
1081         case 3:
1082         case 5:
1083         case 6:
1084         case 7:
1085           result.AppendError("unknown type. pass a string instead");
1086           return false;
1087         default:
1088           result.AppendError(
1089               "result size larger than 8 bytes. pass a string instead");
1090           return false;
1091         }
1092       } else {
1093         result.AppendError(
1094             "expression evaluation failed. pass a string instead");
1095         return false;
1096       }
1097     } else {
1098       result.AppendError(
1099           "please pass either a block of text, or an expression to evaluate.");
1100       return false;
1101     }
1102 
1103     size_t count = m_memory_options.m_count.GetCurrentValue();
1104     found_location = low_addr;
1105     bool ever_found = false;
1106     while (count) {
1107       found_location = FastSearch(found_location, high_addr, buffer.GetBytes(),
1108                                   buffer.GetByteSize());
1109       if (found_location == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1110         if (!ever_found) {
1111           result.AppendMessage("data not found within the range.\n");
1112           result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishNoResult);
1113         } else
1114           result.AppendMessage("no more matches within the range.\n");
1115         break;
1116       }
1117       result.AppendMessageWithFormat("data found at location: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1118                                      found_location);
1119 
1120       DataBufferHeap dumpbuffer(32, 0);
1121       process->ReadMemory(
1122           found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(),
1123           dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), error);
1124       if (!error.Fail()) {
1125         DataExtractor data(dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(),
1126                            process->GetByteOrder(),
1127                            process->GetAddressByteSize());
1128         DumpDataExtractor(
1129             data, &result.GetOutputStream(), 0, lldb::eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1,
1130             dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), 16,
1131             found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(), 0, 0);
1132         result.GetOutputStream().EOL();
1133       }
1134 
1135       --count;
1136       found_location++;
1137       ever_found = true;
1138     }
1139 
1140     result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1141     return true;
1142   }
1143 
1144   lldb::addr_t FastSearch(lldb::addr_t low, lldb::addr_t high, uint8_t *buffer,
1145                           size_t buffer_size) {
1146     const size_t region_size = high - low;
1147 
1148     if (region_size < buffer_size)
1149       return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1150 
1151     std::vector<size_t> bad_char_heuristic(256, buffer_size);
1152     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1153     ProcessMemoryIterator iterator(process_sp, low);
1154 
1155     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < buffer_size - 1; idx++) {
1156       decltype(bad_char_heuristic)::size_type bcu_idx = buffer[idx];
1157       bad_char_heuristic[bcu_idx] = buffer_size - idx - 1;
1158     }
1159     for (size_t s = 0; s <= (region_size - buffer_size);) {
1160       int64_t j = buffer_size - 1;
1161       while (j >= 0 && buffer[j] == iterator[s + j])
1162         j--;
1163       if (j < 0)
1164         return low + s;
1165       else
1166         s += bad_char_heuristic[iterator[s + buffer_size - 1]];
1167     }
1168 
1169     return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1170   }
1171 
1172   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1173   OptionGroupFindMemory m_memory_options;
1174 };
1175 
1176 #define LLDB_OPTIONS_memory_write
1177 #include "CommandOptions.inc"
1178 
1179 // Write memory to the inferior process
1180 class CommandObjectMemoryWrite : public CommandObjectParsed {
1181 public:
1182   class OptionGroupWriteMemory : public OptionGroup {
1183   public:
1184     OptionGroupWriteMemory() {}
1185 
1186     ~OptionGroupWriteMemory() override = default;
1187 
1188     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
1189       return llvm::makeArrayRef(g_memory_write_options);
1190     }
1191 
1192     Status SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, llvm::StringRef option_value,
1193                           ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1194       Status error;
1195       const int short_option = g_memory_write_options[option_idx].short_option;
1196 
1197       switch (short_option) {
1198       case 'i':
1199         m_infile.SetFile(option_value, FileSpec::Style::native);
1200         FileSystem::Instance().Resolve(m_infile);
1201         if (!FileSystem::Instance().Exists(m_infile)) {
1202           m_infile.Clear();
1203           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("input file does not exist: '%s'",
1204                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1205         }
1206         break;
1207 
1208       case 'o': {
1209         if (option_value.getAsInteger(0, m_infile_offset)) {
1210           m_infile_offset = 0;
1211           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("invalid offset string '%s'",
1212                                          option_value.str().c_str());
1213         }
1214       } break;
1215 
1216       default:
1217         llvm_unreachable("Unimplemented option");
1218       }
1219       return error;
1220     }
1221 
1222     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1223       m_infile.Clear();
1224       m_infile_offset = 0;
1225     }
1226 
1227     FileSpec m_infile;
1228     off_t m_infile_offset;
1229   };
1230 
1231   CommandObjectMemoryWrite(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1232       : CommandObjectParsed(
1233             interpreter, "memory write",
1234             "Write to the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
1235             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1236         m_format_options(
1237             eFormatBytes, 1, UINT64_MAX,
1238             {std::make_tuple(
1239                  eArgTypeFormat,
1240                  "The format to use for each of the value to be written."),
1241              std::make_tuple(eArgTypeByteSize,
1242                              "The size in bytes to write from input file or "
1243                              "each value.")}) {
1244     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1245     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
1246     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1247     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
1248 
1249     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1250     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1251     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1252 
1253     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1254     // argument entry.
1255     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1256 
1257     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1258     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeValue;
1259     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlus;
1260     value_arg.arg_opt_set_association = LLDB_OPT_SET_1;
1261 
1262     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1263     // argument entry.
1264     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
1265 
1266     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1267     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1268     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
1269 
1270     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1271                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT,
1272                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1);
1273     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1274                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
1275                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1276     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1277     m_option_group.Finalize();
1278   }
1279 
1280   ~CommandObjectMemoryWrite() override = default;
1281 
1282   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
1283 
1284 protected:
1285   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1286     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1287     // ensures it is valid
1288     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1289 
1290     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1291 
1292     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1293       if (argc < 1) {
1294         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1295             "%s takes a destination address when writing file contents.\n",
1296             m_cmd_name.c_str());
1297         return false;
1298       }
1299       if (argc > 1) {
1300         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1301             "%s takes only a destination address when writing file contents.\n",
1302             m_cmd_name.c_str());
1303         return false;
1304       }
1305     } else if (argc < 2) {
1306       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1307           "%s takes a destination address and at least one value.\n",
1308           m_cmd_name.c_str());
1309       return false;
1310     }
1311 
1312     StreamString buffer(
1313         Stream::eBinary,
1314         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
1315         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder());
1316 
1317     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
1318     size_t item_byte_size = byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue();
1319 
1320     Status error;
1321     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1322         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1323 
1324     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1325       result.AppendError("invalid address expression\n");
1326       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1327       return false;
1328     }
1329 
1330     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1331       size_t length = SIZE_MAX;
1332       if (item_byte_size > 1)
1333         length = item_byte_size;
1334       auto data_sp = FileSystem::Instance().CreateDataBuffer(
1335           m_memory_options.m_infile.GetPath(), length,
1336           m_memory_options.m_infile_offset);
1337       if (data_sp) {
1338         length = data_sp->GetByteSize();
1339         if (length > 0) {
1340           Status error;
1341           size_t bytes_written =
1342               process->WriteMemory(addr, data_sp->GetBytes(), length, error);
1343 
1344           if (bytes_written == length) {
1345             // All bytes written
1346             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1347                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1348                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, addr);
1349             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1350           } else if (bytes_written > 0) {
1351             // Some byte written
1352             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1353                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes of %" PRIu64
1354                 " requested were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1355                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, (uint64_t)length, addr);
1356             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1357           } else {
1358             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1359                                          " failed: %s.\n",
1360                                          addr, error.AsCString());
1361           }
1362         }
1363       } else {
1364         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Unable to read contents of file.\n");
1365       }
1366       return result.Succeeded();
1367     } else if (item_byte_size == 0) {
1368       if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatPointer)
1369         item_byte_size = buffer.GetAddressByteSize();
1370       else
1371         item_byte_size = 1;
1372     }
1373 
1374     command.Shift(); // shift off the address argument
1375     uint64_t uval64;
1376     int64_t sval64;
1377     bool success = false;
1378     for (auto &entry : command) {
1379       switch (m_format_options.GetFormat()) {
1380       case kNumFormats:
1381       case eFormatFloat: // TODO: add support for floats soon
1382       case eFormatCharPrintable:
1383       case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
1384       case eFormatComplex:
1385       case eFormatEnum:
1386       case eFormatUnicode8:
1387       case eFormatUnicode16:
1388       case eFormatUnicode32:
1389       case eFormatVectorOfChar:
1390       case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
1391       case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
1392       case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
1393       case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
1394       case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
1395       case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
1396       case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
1397       case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
1398       case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
1399       case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
1400       case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
1401       case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
1402       case eFormatOSType:
1403       case eFormatComplexInteger:
1404       case eFormatAddressInfo:
1405       case eFormatHexFloat:
1406       case eFormatInstruction:
1407       case eFormatVoid:
1408         result.AppendError("unsupported format for writing memory");
1409         return false;
1410 
1411       case eFormatDefault:
1412       case eFormatBytes:
1413       case eFormatHex:
1414       case eFormatHexUppercase:
1415       case eFormatPointer: {
1416         // Decode hex bytes
1417         // Be careful, getAsInteger with a radix of 16 rejects "0xab" so we
1418         // have to special case that:
1419         bool success = false;
1420         if (entry.ref().startswith("0x"))
1421           success = !entry.ref().getAsInteger(0, uval64);
1422         if (!success)
1423           success = !entry.ref().getAsInteger(16, uval64);
1424         if (!success) {
1425           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1426               "'%s' is not a valid hex string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1427           return false;
1428         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1429           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1430                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1431                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1432                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1433           return false;
1434         }
1435         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1436         break;
1437       }
1438       case eFormatBoolean:
1439         uval64 = OptionArgParser::ToBoolean(entry.ref(), false, &success);
1440         if (!success) {
1441           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1442               "'%s' is not a valid boolean string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1443           return false;
1444         }
1445         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1446         break;
1447 
1448       case eFormatBinary:
1449         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(2, uval64)) {
1450           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1451               "'%s' is not a valid binary string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1452           return false;
1453         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1454           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1455                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1456                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1457                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1458           return false;
1459         }
1460         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1461         break;
1462 
1463       case eFormatCharArray:
1464       case eFormatChar:
1465       case eFormatCString: {
1466         if (entry.ref().empty())
1467           break;
1468 
1469         size_t len = entry.ref().size();
1470         // Include the NULL for C strings...
1471         if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatCString)
1472           ++len;
1473         Status error;
1474         if (process->WriteMemory(addr, entry.c_str(), len, error) == len) {
1475           addr += len;
1476         } else {
1477           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1478                                        " failed: %s.\n",
1479                                        addr, error.AsCString());
1480           return false;
1481         }
1482         break;
1483       }
1484       case eFormatDecimal:
1485         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(0, sval64)) {
1486           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1487               "'%s' is not a valid signed decimal value.\n", entry.c_str());
1488           return false;
1489         } else if (!llvm::isIntN(item_byte_size * 8, sval64)) {
1490           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1491               "Value %" PRIi64 " is too large or small to fit in a %" PRIu64
1492               " byte signed integer value.\n",
1493               sval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1494           return false;
1495         }
1496         buffer.PutMaxHex64(sval64, item_byte_size);
1497         break;
1498 
1499       case eFormatUnsigned:
1500 
1501         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(0, uval64)) {
1502           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1503               "'%s' is not a valid unsigned decimal string value.\n",
1504               entry.c_str());
1505           return false;
1506         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1507           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIu64
1508                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1509                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1510                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1511           return false;
1512         }
1513         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1514         break;
1515 
1516       case eFormatOctal:
1517         if (entry.ref().getAsInteger(8, uval64)) {
1518           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1519               "'%s' is not a valid octal string value.\n", entry.c_str());
1520           return false;
1521         } else if (!llvm::isUIntN(item_byte_size * 8, uval64)) {
1522           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIo64
1523                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1524                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1525                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1526           return false;
1527         }
1528         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1529         break;
1530       }
1531     }
1532 
1533     if (!buffer.GetString().empty()) {
1534       Status error;
1535       if (process->WriteMemory(addr, buffer.GetString().data(),
1536                                buffer.GetString().size(),
1537                                error) == buffer.GetString().size())
1538         return true;
1539       else {
1540         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1541                                      " failed: %s.\n",
1542                                      addr, error.AsCString());
1543         return false;
1544       }
1545     }
1546     return true;
1547   }
1548 
1549   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1550   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
1551   OptionGroupWriteMemory m_memory_options;
1552 };
1553 
1554 // Get malloc/free history of a memory address.
1555 class CommandObjectMemoryHistory : public CommandObjectParsed {
1556 public:
1557   CommandObjectMemoryHistory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1558       : CommandObjectParsed(interpreter, "memory history",
1559                             "Print recorded stack traces for "
1560                             "allocation/deallocation events "
1561                             "associated with an address.",
1562                             nullptr,
1563                             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandRequiresProcess |
1564                                 eCommandProcessMustBePaused |
1565                                 eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched) {
1566     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1567     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1568 
1569     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1570     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1571     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1572 
1573     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1574     // argument entry.
1575     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1576 
1577     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1578     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1579   }
1580 
1581   ~CommandObjectMemoryHistory() override = default;
1582 
1583   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1584                                uint32_t index) override {
1585     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1586   }
1587 
1588 protected:
1589   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1590     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1591 
1592     if (argc == 0 || argc > 1) {
1593       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes an address expression",
1594                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
1595       return false;
1596     }
1597 
1598     Status error;
1599     lldb::addr_t addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(
1600         &m_exe_ctx, command[0].ref(), LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1601 
1602     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1603       result.AppendError("invalid address expression");
1604       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1605       return false;
1606     }
1607 
1608     Stream *output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
1609 
1610     const ProcessSP &process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1611     const MemoryHistorySP &memory_history =
1612         MemoryHistory::FindPlugin(process_sp);
1613 
1614     if (!memory_history) {
1615       result.AppendError("no available memory history provider");
1616       return false;
1617     }
1618 
1619     HistoryThreads thread_list = memory_history->GetHistoryThreads(addr);
1620 
1621     const bool stop_format = false;
1622     for (auto thread : thread_list) {
1623       thread->GetStatus(*output_stream, 0, UINT32_MAX, 0, stop_format);
1624     }
1625 
1626     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1627 
1628     return true;
1629   }
1630 };
1631 
1632 // CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1633 #pragma mark CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1634 
1635 class CommandObjectMemoryRegion : public CommandObjectParsed {
1636 public:
1637   CommandObjectMemoryRegion(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1638       : CommandObjectParsed(interpreter, "memory region",
1639                             "Get information on the memory region containing "
1640                             "an address in the current target process.",
1641                             "memory region ADDR",
1642                             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandTryTargetAPILock |
1643                                 eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1644         m_prev_end_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {}
1645 
1646   ~CommandObjectMemoryRegion() override = default;
1647 
1648 protected:
1649   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1650     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1651     if (!process_sp) {
1652       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1653       result.AppendError("invalid process");
1654       return false;
1655     }
1656 
1657     Status error;
1658     lldb::addr_t load_addr = m_prev_end_addr;
1659     m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1660 
1661     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1662     if (argc > 1 || (argc == 0 && load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)) {
1663       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("'%s' takes one argument:\nUsage: %s\n",
1664                                    m_cmd_name.c_str(), m_cmd_syntax.c_str());
1665       return false;
1666     }
1667 
1668     if (argc == 1) {
1669       auto load_addr_str = command[0].ref();
1670       load_addr = OptionArgParser::ToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, load_addr_str,
1671                                              LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1672       if (error.Fail() || load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1673         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("invalid address argument \"%s\": %s\n",
1674                                      command[0].c_str(), error.AsCString());
1675         return false;
1676       }
1677     }
1678 
1679     lldb_private::MemoryRegionInfo range_info;
1680     error = process_sp->GetMemoryRegionInfo(load_addr, range_info);
1681     if (error.Success()) {
1682       lldb_private::Address addr;
1683       ConstString name = range_info.GetName();
1684       ConstString section_name;
1685       if (process_sp->GetTarget().ResolveLoadAddress(load_addr, addr)) {
1686         SectionSP section_sp(addr.GetSection());
1687         if (section_sp) {
1688           // Got the top most section, not the deepest section
1689           while (section_sp->GetParent())
1690             section_sp = section_sp->GetParent();
1691           section_name = section_sp->GetName();
1692         }
1693       }
1694 
1695       result.AppendMessageWithFormatv(
1696           "[{0:x16}-{1:x16}) {2:r}{3:w}{4:x}{5}{6}{7}{8}",
1697           range_info.GetRange().GetRangeBase(),
1698           range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd(), range_info.GetReadable(),
1699           range_info.GetWritable(), range_info.GetExecutable(), name ? " " : "",
1700           name, section_name ? " " : "", section_name);
1701       MemoryRegionInfo::OptionalBool memory_tagged =
1702           range_info.GetMemoryTagged();
1703       if (memory_tagged == MemoryRegionInfo::OptionalBool::eYes)
1704         result.AppendMessage("memory tagging: enabled");
1705 
1706       const llvm::Optional<std::vector<addr_t>> &dirty_page_list =
1707           range_info.GetDirtyPageList();
1708       if (dirty_page_list.hasValue()) {
1709         const size_t page_count = dirty_page_list.getValue().size();
1710         result.AppendMessageWithFormat(
1711             "Modified memory (dirty) page list provided, %zu entries.\n",
1712             page_count);
1713         if (page_count > 0) {
1714           bool print_comma = false;
1715           result.AppendMessageWithFormat("Dirty pages: ");
1716           for (size_t i = 0; i < page_count; i++) {
1717             if (print_comma)
1718               result.AppendMessageWithFormat(", ");
1719             else
1720               print_comma = true;
1721             result.AppendMessageWithFormat("0x%" PRIx64,
1722                                            dirty_page_list.getValue()[i]);
1723           }
1724           result.AppendMessageWithFormat(".\n");
1725         }
1726       }
1727 
1728       m_prev_end_addr = range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd();
1729       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1730       return true;
1731     }
1732 
1733     result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s\n", error.AsCString());
1734     return false;
1735   }
1736 
1737   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1738                                uint32_t index) override {
1739     // If we repeat this command, repeat it without any arguments so we can
1740     // show the next memory range
1741     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1742   }
1743 
1744   lldb::addr_t m_prev_end_addr;
1745 };
1746 
1747 // CommandObjectMemory
1748 
1749 CommandObjectMemory::CommandObjectMemory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1750     : CommandObjectMultiword(
1751           interpreter, "memory",
1752           "Commands for operating on memory in the current target process.",
1753           "memory <subcommand> [<subcommand-options>]") {
1754   LoadSubCommand("find",
1755                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryFind(interpreter)));
1756   LoadSubCommand("read",
1757                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRead(interpreter)));
1758   LoadSubCommand("write",
1759                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryWrite(interpreter)));
1760   LoadSubCommand("history",
1761                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryHistory(interpreter)));
1762   LoadSubCommand("region",
1763                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRegion(interpreter)));
1764   LoadSubCommand("tag",
1765                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryTag(interpreter)));
1766 }
1767 
1768 CommandObjectMemory::~CommandObjectMemory() = default;
1769