xref: /llvm-project/lldb/source/Commands/CommandObjectMemory.cpp (revision 1f0f5b5b9eeaea93126583b40070091baf3bc92d)
1 //===-- CommandObjectMemory.cpp ---------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4 //
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7 //
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 
10 // C Includes
11 #include <inttypes.h>
12 
13 // C++ Includes
14 // Other libraries and framework includes
15 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
16 
17 // Project includes
18 #include "CommandObjectMemory.h"
19 #include "Plugins/ExpressionParser/Clang/ClangPersistentVariables.h"
20 #include "lldb/Core/DataBufferHeap.h"
21 #include "lldb/Core/DataExtractor.h"
22 #include "lldb/Core/Debugger.h"
23 #include "lldb/Core/Module.h"
24 #include "lldb/Core/Section.h"
25 #include "lldb/Core/StreamString.h"
26 #include "lldb/Core/ValueObjectMemory.h"
27 #include "lldb/DataFormatters/ValueObjectPrinter.h"
28 #include "lldb/Host/StringConvert.h"
29 #include "lldb/Interpreter/Args.h"
30 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandInterpreter.h"
31 #include "lldb/Interpreter/CommandReturnObject.h"
32 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupFormat.h"
33 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupOutputFile.h"
34 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay.h"
35 #include "lldb/Interpreter/OptionValueString.h"
36 #include "lldb/Interpreter/Options.h"
37 #include "lldb/Symbol/ClangASTContext.h"
38 #include "lldb/Symbol/SymbolFile.h"
39 #include "lldb/Symbol/TypeList.h"
40 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryHistory.h"
41 #include "lldb/Target/MemoryRegionInfo.h"
42 #include "lldb/Target/Process.h"
43 #include "lldb/Target/StackFrame.h"
44 #include "lldb/Target/Thread.h"
45 
46 #include "lldb/lldb-private.h"
47 
48 using namespace lldb;
49 using namespace lldb_private;
50 
51 static OptionDefinition g_read_memory_options[] = {
52     // clang-format off
53   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, false, "num-per-line", 'l', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeNumberPerLine, "The number of items per line to display." },
54   {LLDB_OPT_SET_2, false, "binary",       'b', OptionParser::eNoArgument,       nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "If true, memory will be saved as binary. If false, the memory is saved save as an ASCII dump that "
55                                                                                                                             "uses the format, size, count and number per line settings." },
56   {LLDB_OPT_SET_3, true , "type",         't', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "The name of a type to view memory as." },
57   {LLDB_OPT_SET_3, false, "offset",       'E', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeCount,         "How many elements of the specified type to skip before starting to display data." },
58   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1 |
59    LLDB_OPT_SET_2 |
60    LLDB_OPT_SET_3, false, "force",        'r', OptionParser::eNoArgument,       nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeNone,          "Necessary if reading over target.max-memory-read-size bytes." },
61     // clang-format on
62 };
63 
64 class OptionGroupReadMemory : public OptionGroup {
65 public:
66   OptionGroupReadMemory()
67       : m_num_per_line(1, 1), m_output_as_binary(false), m_view_as_type(),
68         m_offset(0, 0) {}
69 
70   ~OptionGroupReadMemory() override = default;
71 
72   llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
73     return g_read_memory_options;
74   }
75 
76   Error SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, const char *option_arg,
77                        ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
78     Error error;
79     const int short_option = g_read_memory_options[option_idx].short_option;
80 
81     switch (short_option) {
82     case 'l':
83       error = m_num_per_line.SetValueFromString(option_arg);
84       if (m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue() == 0)
85         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
86             "invalid value for --num-per-line option '%s'", option_arg);
87       break;
88 
89     case 'b':
90       m_output_as_binary = true;
91       break;
92 
93     case 't':
94       error = m_view_as_type.SetValueFromString(option_arg);
95       break;
96 
97     case 'r':
98       m_force = true;
99       break;
100 
101     case 'E':
102       error = m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_arg);
103       break;
104 
105     default:
106       error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
107                                      short_option);
108       break;
109     }
110     return error;
111   }
112 
113   void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
114     m_num_per_line.Clear();
115     m_output_as_binary = false;
116     m_view_as_type.Clear();
117     m_force = false;
118     m_offset.Clear();
119   }
120 
121   Error FinalizeSettings(Target *target, OptionGroupFormat &format_options) {
122     Error error;
123     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
124     OptionValueUInt64 &count_value = format_options.GetCountValue();
125     const bool byte_size_option_set = byte_size_value.OptionWasSet();
126     const bool num_per_line_option_set = m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet();
127     const bool count_option_set = format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet();
128 
129     switch (format_options.GetFormat()) {
130     default:
131       break;
132 
133     case eFormatBoolean:
134       if (!byte_size_option_set)
135         byte_size_value = 1;
136       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
137         m_num_per_line = 1;
138       if (!count_option_set)
139         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
140       break;
141 
142     case eFormatCString:
143       break;
144 
145     case eFormatInstruction:
146       if (count_option_set)
147         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetMaximumOpcodeByteSize();
148       m_num_per_line = 1;
149       break;
150 
151     case eFormatAddressInfo:
152       if (!byte_size_option_set)
153         byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
154       m_num_per_line = 1;
155       if (!count_option_set)
156         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
157       break;
158 
159     case eFormatPointer:
160       byte_size_value = target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize();
161       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
162         m_num_per_line = 4;
163       if (!count_option_set)
164         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
165       break;
166 
167     case eFormatBinary:
168     case eFormatFloat:
169     case eFormatOctal:
170     case eFormatDecimal:
171     case eFormatEnum:
172     case eFormatUnicode16:
173     case eFormatUnicode32:
174     case eFormatUnsigned:
175     case eFormatHexFloat:
176       if (!byte_size_option_set)
177         byte_size_value = 4;
178       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
179         m_num_per_line = 1;
180       if (!count_option_set)
181         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
182       break;
183 
184     case eFormatBytes:
185     case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
186       if (byte_size_option_set) {
187         if (byte_size_value > 1)
188           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat(
189               "display format (bytes/bytes with ASCII) conflicts with the "
190               "specified byte size %" PRIu64 "\n"
191               "\tconsider using a different display format or don't specify "
192               "the byte size.",
193               byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue());
194       } else
195         byte_size_value = 1;
196       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
197         m_num_per_line = 16;
198       if (!count_option_set)
199         format_options.GetCountValue() = 32;
200       break;
201 
202     case eFormatCharArray:
203     case eFormatChar:
204     case eFormatCharPrintable:
205       if (!byte_size_option_set)
206         byte_size_value = 1;
207       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
208         m_num_per_line = 32;
209       if (!count_option_set)
210         format_options.GetCountValue() = 64;
211       break;
212 
213     case eFormatComplex:
214       if (!byte_size_option_set)
215         byte_size_value = 8;
216       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
217         m_num_per_line = 1;
218       if (!count_option_set)
219         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
220       break;
221 
222     case eFormatComplexInteger:
223       if (!byte_size_option_set)
224         byte_size_value = 8;
225       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
226         m_num_per_line = 1;
227       if (!count_option_set)
228         format_options.GetCountValue() = 8;
229       break;
230 
231     case eFormatHex:
232       if (!byte_size_option_set)
233         byte_size_value = 4;
234       if (!num_per_line_option_set) {
235         switch (byte_size_value) {
236         case 1:
237         case 2:
238           m_num_per_line = 8;
239           break;
240         case 4:
241           m_num_per_line = 4;
242           break;
243         case 8:
244           m_num_per_line = 2;
245           break;
246         default:
247           m_num_per_line = 1;
248           break;
249         }
250       }
251       if (!count_option_set)
252         count_value = 8;
253       break;
254 
255     case eFormatVectorOfChar:
256     case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
257     case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
258     case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
259     case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
260     case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
261     case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
262     case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
263     case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
264     case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
265     case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
266     case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
267     case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
268       if (!byte_size_option_set)
269         byte_size_value = 128;
270       if (!num_per_line_option_set)
271         m_num_per_line = 1;
272       if (!count_option_set)
273         count_value = 4;
274       break;
275     }
276     return error;
277   }
278 
279   bool AnyOptionWasSet() const {
280     return m_num_per_line.OptionWasSet() || m_output_as_binary ||
281            m_view_as_type.OptionWasSet() || m_offset.OptionWasSet();
282   }
283 
284   OptionValueUInt64 m_num_per_line;
285   bool m_output_as_binary;
286   OptionValueString m_view_as_type;
287   bool m_force;
288   OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
289 };
290 
291 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
292 // Read memory from the inferior process
293 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
294 class CommandObjectMemoryRead : public CommandObjectParsed {
295 public:
296   CommandObjectMemoryRead(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
297       : CommandObjectParsed(
298             interpreter, "memory read",
299             "Read from the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
300             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandProcessMustBePaused),
301         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
302         m_memory_options(), m_outfile_options(), m_varobj_options(),
303         m_next_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS), m_prev_byte_size(0),
304         m_prev_format_options(eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1, 8),
305         m_prev_memory_options(), m_prev_outfile_options(),
306         m_prev_varobj_options() {
307     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
308     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
309     CommandArgumentData start_addr_arg;
310     CommandArgumentData end_addr_arg;
311 
312     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
313     start_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
314     start_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
315 
316     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
317     // argument entry.
318     arg1.push_back(start_addr_arg);
319 
320     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
321     end_addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
322     end_addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatOptional;
323 
324     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
325     // argument entry.
326     arg2.push_back(end_addr_arg);
327 
328     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
329     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
330     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
331 
332     // Add the "--format" and "--count" options to group 1 and 3
333     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
334                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT |
335                               OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_COUNT,
336                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
337     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
338                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_GDB_FMT,
339                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
340     // Add the "--size" option to group 1 and 2
341     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
342                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
343                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
344     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
345     m_option_group.Append(&m_outfile_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL,
346                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2 | LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
347     m_option_group.Append(&m_varobj_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_3);
348     m_option_group.Finalize();
349   }
350 
351   ~CommandObjectMemoryRead() override = default;
352 
353   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
354 
355   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
356                                uint32_t index) override {
357     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
358   }
359 
360 protected:
361   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
362     // No need to check "target" for validity as eCommandRequiresTarget ensures
363     // it is valid
364     Target *target = m_exe_ctx.GetTargetPtr();
365 
366     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
367 
368     if ((argc == 0 && m_next_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) || argc > 2) {
369       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes a start address expression with "
370                                    "an optional end address expression.\n",
371                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
372       result.AppendRawWarning("Expressions should be quoted if they contain "
373                               "spaces or other special characters.\n");
374       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
375       return false;
376     }
377 
378     CompilerType clang_ast_type;
379     Error error;
380 
381     const char *view_as_type_cstr =
382         m_memory_options.m_view_as_type.GetCurrentValue();
383     if (view_as_type_cstr && view_as_type_cstr[0]) {
384       // We are viewing memory as a type
385 
386       SymbolContext sc;
387       const bool exact_match = false;
388       TypeList type_list;
389       uint32_t reference_count = 0;
390       uint32_t pointer_count = 0;
391       size_t idx;
392 
393 #define ALL_KEYWORDS                                                           \
394   KEYWORD("const")                                                             \
395   KEYWORD("volatile")                                                          \
396   KEYWORD("restrict")                                                          \
397   KEYWORD("struct")                                                            \
398   KEYWORD("class")                                                             \
399   KEYWORD("union")
400 
401 #define KEYWORD(s) s,
402       static const char *g_keywords[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
403 #undef KEYWORD
404 
405 #define KEYWORD(s) (sizeof(s) - 1),
406       static const int g_keyword_lengths[] = {ALL_KEYWORDS};
407 #undef KEYWORD
408 
409 #undef ALL_KEYWORDS
410 
411       static size_t g_num_keywords = sizeof(g_keywords) / sizeof(const char *);
412       std::string type_str(view_as_type_cstr);
413 
414       // Remove all instances of g_keywords that are followed by spaces
415       for (size_t i = 0; i < g_num_keywords; ++i) {
416         const char *keyword = g_keywords[i];
417         int keyword_len = g_keyword_lengths[i];
418 
419         idx = 0;
420         while ((idx = type_str.find(keyword, idx)) != std::string::npos) {
421           if (type_str[idx + keyword_len] == ' ' ||
422               type_str[idx + keyword_len] == '\t') {
423             type_str.erase(idx, keyword_len + 1);
424             idx = 0;
425           } else {
426             idx += keyword_len;
427           }
428         }
429       }
430       bool done = type_str.empty();
431       //
432       idx = type_str.find_first_not_of(" \t");
433       if (idx > 0 && idx != std::string::npos)
434         type_str.erase(0, idx);
435       while (!done) {
436         // Strip trailing spaces
437         if (type_str.empty())
438           done = true;
439         else {
440           switch (type_str[type_str.size() - 1]) {
441           case '*':
442             ++pointer_count;
443             LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
444           case ' ':
445           case '\t':
446             type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
447             break;
448 
449           case '&':
450             if (reference_count == 0) {
451               reference_count = 1;
452               type_str.erase(type_str.size() - 1);
453             } else {
454               result.AppendErrorWithFormat("invalid type string: '%s'\n",
455                                            view_as_type_cstr);
456               result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
457               return false;
458             }
459             break;
460 
461           default:
462             done = true;
463             break;
464           }
465         }
466       }
467 
468       llvm::DenseSet<lldb_private::SymbolFile *> searched_symbol_files;
469       ConstString lookup_type_name(type_str.c_str());
470       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
471       if (frame) {
472         sc = frame->GetSymbolContext(eSymbolContextModule);
473         if (sc.module_sp) {
474           sc.module_sp->FindTypes(sc, lookup_type_name, exact_match, 1,
475                                   searched_symbol_files, type_list);
476         }
477       }
478       if (type_list.GetSize() == 0) {
479         target->GetImages().FindTypes(sc, lookup_type_name, exact_match, 1,
480                                       searched_symbol_files, type_list);
481       }
482 
483       if (type_list.GetSize() == 0 && lookup_type_name.GetCString() &&
484           *lookup_type_name.GetCString() == '$') {
485         if (ClangPersistentVariables *persistent_vars =
486                 llvm::dyn_cast_or_null<ClangPersistentVariables>(
487                     target->GetPersistentExpressionStateForLanguage(
488                         lldb::eLanguageTypeC))) {
489           clang::TypeDecl *tdecl = llvm::dyn_cast_or_null<clang::TypeDecl>(
490               persistent_vars->GetPersistentDecl(
491                   ConstString(lookup_type_name)));
492 
493           if (tdecl) {
494             clang_ast_type.SetCompilerType(
495                 ClangASTContext::GetASTContext(&tdecl->getASTContext()),
496                 reinterpret_cast<lldb::opaque_compiler_type_t>(
497                     const_cast<clang::Type *>(tdecl->getTypeForDecl())));
498           }
499         }
500       }
501 
502       if (!clang_ast_type.IsValid()) {
503         if (type_list.GetSize() == 0) {
504           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("unable to find any types that match "
505                                        "the raw type '%s' for full type '%s'\n",
506                                        lookup_type_name.GetCString(),
507                                        view_as_type_cstr);
508           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
509           return false;
510         } else {
511           TypeSP type_sp(type_list.GetTypeAtIndex(0));
512           clang_ast_type = type_sp->GetFullCompilerType();
513         }
514       }
515 
516       while (pointer_count > 0) {
517         CompilerType pointer_type = clang_ast_type.GetPointerType();
518         if (pointer_type.IsValid())
519           clang_ast_type = pointer_type;
520         else {
521           result.AppendError("unable make a pointer type\n");
522           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
523           return false;
524         }
525         --pointer_count;
526       }
527 
528       m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue() = clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr);
529 
530       if (m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue() == 0) {
531         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
532             "unable to get the byte size of the type '%s'\n",
533             view_as_type_cstr);
534         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
535         return false;
536       }
537 
538       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
539         m_format_options.GetCountValue() = 1;
540     } else {
541       error = m_memory_options.FinalizeSettings(target, m_format_options);
542     }
543 
544     // Look for invalid combinations of settings
545     if (error.Fail()) {
546       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
547       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
548       return false;
549     }
550 
551     lldb::addr_t addr;
552     size_t total_byte_size = 0;
553     if (argc == 0) {
554       // Use the last address and byte size and all options as they were
555       // if no options have been set
556       addr = m_next_addr;
557       total_byte_size = m_prev_byte_size;
558       clang_ast_type = m_prev_clang_ast_type;
559       if (!m_format_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
560           !m_memory_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
561           !m_outfile_options.AnyOptionWasSet() &&
562           !m_varobj_options.AnyOptionWasSet()) {
563         m_format_options = m_prev_format_options;
564         m_memory_options = m_prev_memory_options;
565         m_outfile_options = m_prev_outfile_options;
566         m_varobj_options = m_prev_varobj_options;
567       }
568     }
569 
570     size_t item_count = m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
571 
572     // TODO For non-8-bit byte addressable architectures this needs to be
573     // revisited to fully support all lldb's range of formatting options.
574     // Furthermore code memory reads (for those architectures) will not
575     // be correctly formatted even w/o formatting options.
576     size_t item_byte_size =
577         target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize() > 1
578             ? target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize()
579             : m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
580 
581     const size_t num_per_line =
582         m_memory_options.m_num_per_line.GetCurrentValue();
583 
584     if (total_byte_size == 0) {
585       total_byte_size = item_count * item_byte_size;
586       if (total_byte_size == 0)
587         total_byte_size = 32;
588     }
589 
590     if (argc > 0)
591       addr = Args::StringToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command.GetArgumentAtIndex(0),
592                                    LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
593 
594     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
595       result.AppendError("invalid start address expression.");
596       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
597       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
598       return false;
599     }
600 
601     if (argc == 2) {
602       lldb::addr_t end_addr =
603           Args::StringToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command.GetArgumentAtIndex(1),
604                                 LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, nullptr);
605       if (end_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
606         result.AppendError("invalid end address expression.");
607         result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
608         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
609         return false;
610       } else if (end_addr <= addr) {
611         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
612             "end address (0x%" PRIx64
613             ") must be greater that the start address (0x%" PRIx64 ").\n",
614             end_addr, addr);
615         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
616         return false;
617       } else if (m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet()) {
618         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
619             "specify either the end address (0x%" PRIx64
620             ") or the count (--count %" PRIu64 "), not both.\n",
621             end_addr, (uint64_t)item_count);
622         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
623         return false;
624       }
625 
626       total_byte_size = end_addr - addr;
627       item_count = total_byte_size / item_byte_size;
628     }
629 
630     uint32_t max_unforced_size = target->GetMaximumMemReadSize();
631 
632     if (total_byte_size > max_unforced_size && !m_memory_options.m_force) {
633       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
634           "Normally, \'memory read\' will not read over %" PRIu32
635           " bytes of data.\n",
636           max_unforced_size);
637       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
638           "Please use --force to override this restriction just once.\n");
639       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("or set target.max-memory-read-size if you "
640                                    "will often need a larger limit.\n");
641       return false;
642     }
643 
644     DataBufferSP data_sp;
645     size_t bytes_read = 0;
646     if (clang_ast_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
647       // Make sure we don't display our type as ASCII bytes like the default
648       // memory read
649       if (!m_format_options.GetFormatValue().OptionWasSet())
650         m_format_options.GetFormatValue().SetCurrentValue(eFormatDefault);
651 
652       bytes_read = clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr) *
653                    m_format_options.GetCountValue().GetCurrentValue();
654 
655       if (argc > 0)
656         addr = addr + (clang_ast_type.GetByteSize(nullptr) *
657                        m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue());
658     } else if (m_format_options.GetFormatValue().GetCurrentValue() !=
659                eFormatCString) {
660       data_sp.reset(new DataBufferHeap(total_byte_size, '\0'));
661       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
662         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
663             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx32
664             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
665             (uint32_t)total_byte_size);
666         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
667         return false;
668       }
669 
670       Address address(addr, nullptr);
671       bytes_read = target->ReadMemory(address, false, data_sp->GetBytes(),
672                                       data_sp->GetByteSize(), error);
673       if (bytes_read == 0) {
674         const char *error_cstr = error.AsCString();
675         if (error_cstr && error_cstr[0]) {
676           result.AppendError(error_cstr);
677         } else {
678           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
679               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
680         }
681         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
682         return false;
683       }
684 
685       if (bytes_read < total_byte_size)
686         result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
687             "Not all bytes (%" PRIu64 "/%" PRIu64
688             ") were able to be read from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n",
689             (uint64_t)bytes_read, (uint64_t)total_byte_size, addr);
690     } else {
691       // we treat c-strings as a special case because they do not have a fixed
692       // size
693       if (m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().OptionWasSet() &&
694           !m_format_options.HasGDBFormat())
695         item_byte_size = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue().GetCurrentValue();
696       else
697         item_byte_size = target->GetMaximumSizeOfStringSummary();
698       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet())
699         item_count = 1;
700       data_sp.reset(new DataBufferHeap((item_byte_size + 1) * item_count,
701                                        '\0')); // account for NULLs as necessary
702       if (data_sp->GetBytes() == nullptr) {
703         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
704             "can't allocate 0x%" PRIx64
705             " bytes for the memory read buffer, specify a smaller size to read",
706             (uint64_t)((item_byte_size + 1) * item_count));
707         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
708         return false;
709       }
710       uint8_t *data_ptr = data_sp->GetBytes();
711       auto data_addr = addr;
712       auto count = item_count;
713       item_count = 0;
714       bool break_on_no_NULL = false;
715       while (item_count < count) {
716         std::string buffer;
717         buffer.resize(item_byte_size + 1, 0);
718         Error error;
719         size_t read = target->ReadCStringFromMemory(data_addr, &buffer[0],
720                                                     item_byte_size + 1, error);
721         if (error.Fail()) {
722           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
723               "failed to read memory from 0x%" PRIx64 ".\n", addr);
724           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
725           return false;
726         }
727 
728         if (item_byte_size == read) {
729           result.AppendWarningWithFormat(
730               "unable to find a NULL terminated string at 0x%" PRIx64
731               ".Consider increasing the maximum read length.\n",
732               data_addr);
733           --read;
734           break_on_no_NULL = true;
735         } else
736           ++read; // account for final NULL byte
737 
738         memcpy(data_ptr, &buffer[0], read);
739         data_ptr += read;
740         data_addr += read;
741         bytes_read += read;
742         item_count++; // if we break early we know we only read item_count
743                       // strings
744 
745         if (break_on_no_NULL)
746           break;
747       }
748       data_sp.reset(new DataBufferHeap(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read + 1));
749     }
750 
751     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_read;
752     m_prev_byte_size = bytes_read;
753     m_prev_format_options = m_format_options;
754     m_prev_memory_options = m_memory_options;
755     m_prev_outfile_options = m_outfile_options;
756     m_prev_varobj_options = m_varobj_options;
757     m_prev_clang_ast_type = clang_ast_type;
758 
759     StreamFile outfile_stream;
760     Stream *output_stream = nullptr;
761     const FileSpec &outfile_spec =
762         m_outfile_options.GetFile().GetCurrentValue();
763     if (outfile_spec) {
764       char path[PATH_MAX];
765       outfile_spec.GetPath(path, sizeof(path));
766 
767       uint32_t open_options =
768           File::eOpenOptionWrite | File::eOpenOptionCanCreate;
769       const bool append = m_outfile_options.GetAppend().GetCurrentValue();
770       if (append)
771         open_options |= File::eOpenOptionAppend;
772 
773       if (outfile_stream.GetFile().Open(path, open_options).Success()) {
774         if (m_memory_options.m_output_as_binary) {
775           const size_t bytes_written =
776               outfile_stream.Write(data_sp->GetBytes(), bytes_read);
777           if (bytes_written > 0) {
778             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
779                 "%zi bytes %s to '%s'\n", bytes_written,
780                 append ? "appended" : "written", path);
781             return true;
782           } else {
783             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to write %" PRIu64
784                                          " bytes to '%s'.\n",
785                                          (uint64_t)bytes_read, path);
786             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
787             return false;
788           }
789         } else {
790           // We are going to write ASCII to the file just point the
791           // output_stream to our outfile_stream...
792           output_stream = &outfile_stream;
793         }
794       } else {
795         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Failed to open file '%s' for %s.\n", path,
796                                      append ? "append" : "write");
797         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
798         return false;
799       }
800     } else {
801       output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
802     }
803 
804     ExecutionContextScope *exe_scope = m_exe_ctx.GetBestExecutionContextScope();
805     if (clang_ast_type.GetOpaqueQualType()) {
806       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < item_count; ++i) {
807         addr_t item_addr = addr + (i * item_byte_size);
808         Address address(item_addr);
809         StreamString name_strm;
810         name_strm.Printf("0x%" PRIx64, item_addr);
811         ValueObjectSP valobj_sp(ValueObjectMemory::Create(
812             exe_scope, name_strm.GetString().c_str(), address, clang_ast_type));
813         if (valobj_sp) {
814           Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
815           if (format != eFormatDefault)
816             valobj_sp->SetFormat(format);
817 
818           DumpValueObjectOptions options(m_varobj_options.GetAsDumpOptions(
819               eLanguageRuntimeDescriptionDisplayVerbosityFull, format));
820 
821           valobj_sp->Dump(*output_stream, options);
822         } else {
823           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
824               "failed to create a value object for: (%s) %s\n",
825               view_as_type_cstr, name_strm.GetString().c_str());
826           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
827           return false;
828         }
829       }
830       return true;
831     }
832 
833     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
834     DataExtractor data(data_sp, target->GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder(),
835                        target->GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
836                        target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize());
837 
838     Format format = m_format_options.GetFormat();
839     if (((format == eFormatChar) || (format == eFormatCharPrintable)) &&
840         (item_byte_size != 1)) {
841       // if a count was not passed, or it is 1
842       if (!m_format_options.GetCountValue().OptionWasSet() || item_count == 1) {
843         // this turns requests such as
844         // memory read -fc -s10 -c1 *charPtrPtr
845         // which make no sense (what is a char of size 10?)
846         // into a request for fetching 10 chars of size 1 from the same memory
847         // location
848         format = eFormatCharArray;
849         item_count = item_byte_size;
850         item_byte_size = 1;
851       } else {
852         // here we passed a count, and it was not 1
853         // so we have a byte_size and a count
854         // we could well multiply those, but instead let's just fail
855         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
856             "reading memory as characters of size %" PRIu64 " is not supported",
857             (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
858         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
859         return false;
860       }
861     }
862 
863     assert(output_stream);
864     size_t bytes_dumped =
865         data.Dump(output_stream, 0, format, item_byte_size, item_count,
866                   num_per_line / target->GetArchitecture().GetDataByteSize(),
867                   addr, 0, 0, exe_scope);
868     m_next_addr = addr + bytes_dumped;
869     output_stream->EOL();
870     return true;
871   }
872 
873   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
874   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
875   OptionGroupReadMemory m_memory_options;
876   OptionGroupOutputFile m_outfile_options;
877   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_varobj_options;
878   lldb::addr_t m_next_addr;
879   lldb::addr_t m_prev_byte_size;
880   OptionGroupFormat m_prev_format_options;
881   OptionGroupReadMemory m_prev_memory_options;
882   OptionGroupOutputFile m_prev_outfile_options;
883   OptionGroupValueObjectDisplay m_prev_varobj_options;
884   CompilerType m_prev_clang_ast_type;
885 };
886 
887 OptionDefinition g_memory_find_option_table[] = {
888     // clang-format off
889   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1,   true,  "expression",  'e', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeExpression, "Evaluate an expression to obtain a byte pattern."},
890   {LLDB_OPT_SET_2,   true,  "string",      's', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeName,       "Use text to find a byte pattern."},
891   {LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, false, "count",       'c', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeCount,      "How many times to perform the search."},
892   {LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, false, "dump-offset", 'o', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeOffset,     "When dumping memory for a match, an offset from the match location to start dumping from."},
893     // clang-format on
894 };
895 
896 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
897 // Find the specified data in memory
898 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
899 class CommandObjectMemoryFind : public CommandObjectParsed {
900 public:
901   class OptionGroupFindMemory : public OptionGroup {
902   public:
903     OptionGroupFindMemory() : OptionGroup(), m_count(1), m_offset(0) {}
904 
905     ~OptionGroupFindMemory() override = default;
906 
907     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
908       return g_memory_find_option_table;
909     }
910 
911     Error SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, const char *option_arg,
912                          ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
913       Error error;
914       const int short_option =
915           g_memory_find_option_table[option_idx].short_option;
916 
917       switch (short_option) {
918       case 'e':
919         m_expr.SetValueFromString(option_arg);
920         break;
921 
922       case 's':
923         m_string.SetValueFromString(option_arg);
924         break;
925 
926       case 'c':
927         if (m_count.SetValueFromString(option_arg).Fail())
928           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for count");
929         break;
930 
931       case 'o':
932         if (m_offset.SetValueFromString(option_arg).Fail())
933           error.SetErrorString("unrecognized value for dump-offset");
934         break;
935 
936       default:
937         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
938                                        short_option);
939         break;
940       }
941       return error;
942     }
943 
944     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
945       m_expr.Clear();
946       m_string.Clear();
947       m_count.Clear();
948     }
949 
950     OptionValueString m_expr;
951     OptionValueString m_string;
952     OptionValueUInt64 m_count;
953     OptionValueUInt64 m_offset;
954   };
955 
956   CommandObjectMemoryFind(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
957       : CommandObjectParsed(
958             interpreter, "memory find",
959             "Find a value in the memory of the current target process.",
960             nullptr, eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
961         m_option_group(), m_memory_options() {
962     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
963     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
964     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
965     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
966 
967     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
968     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
969     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
970 
971     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
972     // argument entry.
973     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
974 
975     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
976     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddressOrExpression;
977     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
978 
979     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
980     // argument entry.
981     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
982 
983     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
984     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
985     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
986 
987     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options);
988     m_option_group.Finalize();
989   }
990 
991   ~CommandObjectMemoryFind() override = default;
992 
993   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
994 
995 protected:
996   class ProcessMemoryIterator {
997   public:
998     ProcessMemoryIterator(ProcessSP process_sp, lldb::addr_t base)
999         : m_process_sp(process_sp), m_base_addr(base), m_is_valid(true) {
1000       lldbassert(process_sp.get() != nullptr);
1001     }
1002 
1003     bool IsValid() { return m_is_valid; }
1004 
1005     uint8_t operator[](lldb::addr_t offset) {
1006       if (!IsValid())
1007         return 0;
1008 
1009       uint8_t retval = 0;
1010       Error error;
1011       if (0 ==
1012           m_process_sp->ReadMemory(m_base_addr + offset, &retval, 1, error)) {
1013         m_is_valid = false;
1014         return 0;
1015       }
1016 
1017       return retval;
1018     }
1019 
1020   private:
1021     ProcessSP m_process_sp;
1022     lldb::addr_t m_base_addr;
1023     bool m_is_valid;
1024   };
1025   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1026     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1027     // ensures it is valid
1028     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1029 
1030     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1031 
1032     if (argc != 2) {
1033       result.AppendError("two addresses needed for memory find");
1034       return false;
1035     }
1036 
1037     Error error;
1038     lldb::addr_t low_addr =
1039         Args::StringToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command.GetArgumentAtIndex(0),
1040                               LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1041     if (low_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1042       result.AppendError("invalid low address");
1043       return false;
1044     }
1045     lldb::addr_t high_addr =
1046         Args::StringToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command.GetArgumentAtIndex(1),
1047                               LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1048     if (high_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS || error.Fail()) {
1049       result.AppendError("invalid high address");
1050       return false;
1051     }
1052 
1053     if (high_addr <= low_addr) {
1054       result.AppendError(
1055           "starting address must be smaller than ending address");
1056       return false;
1057     }
1058 
1059     lldb::addr_t found_location = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1060 
1061     DataBufferHeap buffer;
1062 
1063     if (m_memory_options.m_string.OptionWasSet())
1064       buffer.CopyData(m_memory_options.m_string.GetStringValue(),
1065                       strlen(m_memory_options.m_string.GetStringValue()));
1066     else if (m_memory_options.m_expr.OptionWasSet()) {
1067       StackFrame *frame = m_exe_ctx.GetFramePtr();
1068       ValueObjectSP result_sp;
1069       if ((eExpressionCompleted ==
1070            process->GetTarget().EvaluateExpression(
1071                m_memory_options.m_expr.GetStringValue(), frame, result_sp)) &&
1072           result_sp) {
1073         uint64_t value = result_sp->GetValueAsUnsigned(0);
1074         switch (result_sp->GetCompilerType().GetByteSize(nullptr)) {
1075         case 1: {
1076           uint8_t byte = (uint8_t)value;
1077           buffer.CopyData(&byte, 1);
1078         } break;
1079         case 2: {
1080           uint16_t word = (uint16_t)value;
1081           buffer.CopyData(&word, 2);
1082         } break;
1083         case 4: {
1084           uint32_t lword = (uint32_t)value;
1085           buffer.CopyData(&lword, 4);
1086         } break;
1087         case 8: {
1088           buffer.CopyData(&value, 8);
1089         } break;
1090         case 3:
1091         case 5:
1092         case 6:
1093         case 7:
1094           result.AppendError("unknown type. pass a string instead");
1095           return false;
1096         default:
1097           result.AppendError(
1098               "result size larger than 8 bytes. pass a string instead");
1099           return false;
1100         }
1101       } else {
1102         result.AppendError(
1103             "expression evaluation failed. pass a string instead");
1104         return false;
1105       }
1106     } else {
1107       result.AppendError(
1108           "please pass either a block of text, or an expression to evaluate.");
1109       return false;
1110     }
1111 
1112     size_t count = m_memory_options.m_count.GetCurrentValue();
1113     found_location = low_addr;
1114     bool ever_found = false;
1115     while (count) {
1116       found_location = FastSearch(found_location, high_addr, buffer.GetBytes(),
1117                                   buffer.GetByteSize());
1118       if (found_location == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1119         if (!ever_found) {
1120           result.AppendMessage("data not found within the range.\n");
1121           result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishNoResult);
1122         } else
1123           result.AppendMessage("no more matches within the range.\n");
1124         break;
1125       }
1126       result.AppendMessageWithFormat("data found at location: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1127                                      found_location);
1128 
1129       DataBufferHeap dumpbuffer(32, 0);
1130       process->ReadMemory(
1131           found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(),
1132           dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), error);
1133       if (!error.Fail()) {
1134         DataExtractor data(dumpbuffer.GetBytes(), dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(),
1135                            process->GetByteOrder(),
1136                            process->GetAddressByteSize());
1137         data.Dump(&result.GetOutputStream(), 0, lldb::eFormatBytesWithASCII, 1,
1138                   dumpbuffer.GetByteSize(), 16,
1139                   found_location + m_memory_options.m_offset.GetCurrentValue(),
1140                   0, 0);
1141         result.GetOutputStream().EOL();
1142       }
1143 
1144       --count;
1145       found_location++;
1146       ever_found = true;
1147     }
1148 
1149     result.SetStatus(lldb::eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1150     return true;
1151   }
1152 
1153   lldb::addr_t FastSearch(lldb::addr_t low, lldb::addr_t high, uint8_t *buffer,
1154                           size_t buffer_size) {
1155     const size_t region_size = high - low;
1156 
1157     if (region_size < buffer_size)
1158       return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1159 
1160     std::vector<size_t> bad_char_heuristic(256, buffer_size);
1161     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1162     ProcessMemoryIterator iterator(process_sp, low);
1163 
1164     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < buffer_size - 1; idx++) {
1165       decltype(bad_char_heuristic)::size_type bcu_idx = buffer[idx];
1166       bad_char_heuristic[bcu_idx] = buffer_size - idx - 1;
1167     }
1168     for (size_t s = 0; s <= (region_size - buffer_size);) {
1169       int64_t j = buffer_size - 1;
1170       while (j >= 0 && buffer[j] == iterator[s + j])
1171         j--;
1172       if (j < 0)
1173         return low + s;
1174       else
1175         s += bad_char_heuristic[iterator[s + buffer_size - 1]];
1176     }
1177 
1178     return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1179   }
1180 
1181   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1182   OptionGroupFindMemory m_memory_options;
1183 };
1184 
1185 OptionDefinition g_memory_write_option_table[] = {
1186     // clang-format off
1187   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, true,  "infile", 'i', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeFilename, "Write memory using the contents of a file."},
1188   {LLDB_OPT_SET_1, false, "offset", 'o', OptionParser::eRequiredArgument, nullptr, nullptr, 0, eArgTypeOffset,   "Start writing bytes from an offset within the input file."},
1189     // clang-format on
1190 };
1191 
1192 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1193 // Write memory to the inferior process
1194 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1195 class CommandObjectMemoryWrite : public CommandObjectParsed {
1196 public:
1197   class OptionGroupWriteMemory : public OptionGroup {
1198   public:
1199     OptionGroupWriteMemory() : OptionGroup() {}
1200 
1201     ~OptionGroupWriteMemory() override = default;
1202 
1203     llvm::ArrayRef<OptionDefinition> GetDefinitions() override {
1204       return g_memory_write_option_table;
1205     }
1206 
1207     Error SetOptionValue(uint32_t option_idx, const char *option_arg,
1208                          ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1209       Error error;
1210       const int short_option =
1211           g_memory_write_option_table[option_idx].short_option;
1212 
1213       switch (short_option) {
1214       case 'i':
1215         m_infile.SetFile(option_arg, true);
1216         if (!m_infile.Exists()) {
1217           m_infile.Clear();
1218           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("input file does not exist: '%s'",
1219                                          option_arg);
1220         }
1221         break;
1222 
1223       case 'o': {
1224         bool success;
1225         m_infile_offset = StringConvert::ToUInt64(option_arg, 0, 0, &success);
1226         if (!success) {
1227           error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("invalid offset string '%s'",
1228                                          option_arg);
1229         }
1230       } break;
1231 
1232       default:
1233         error.SetErrorStringWithFormat("unrecognized short option '%c'",
1234                                        short_option);
1235         break;
1236       }
1237       return error;
1238     }
1239 
1240     void OptionParsingStarting(ExecutionContext *execution_context) override {
1241       m_infile.Clear();
1242       m_infile_offset = 0;
1243     }
1244 
1245     FileSpec m_infile;
1246     off_t m_infile_offset;
1247   };
1248 
1249   CommandObjectMemoryWrite(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1250       : CommandObjectParsed(
1251             interpreter, "memory write",
1252             "Write to the memory of the current target process.", nullptr,
1253             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1254         m_option_group(), m_format_options(eFormatBytes, 1, UINT64_MAX),
1255         m_memory_options() {
1256     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1257     CommandArgumentEntry arg2;
1258     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1259     CommandArgumentData value_arg;
1260 
1261     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1262     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1263     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1264 
1265     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1266     // argument entry.
1267     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1268 
1269     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1270     value_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeValue;
1271     value_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlus;
1272 
1273     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1274     // argument entry.
1275     arg2.push_back(value_arg);
1276 
1277     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1278     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1279     m_arguments.push_back(arg2);
1280 
1281     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1282                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_FORMAT,
1283                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1);
1284     m_option_group.Append(&m_format_options,
1285                           OptionGroupFormat::OPTION_GROUP_SIZE,
1286                           LLDB_OPT_SET_1 | LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1287     m_option_group.Append(&m_memory_options, LLDB_OPT_SET_ALL, LLDB_OPT_SET_2);
1288     m_option_group.Finalize();
1289   }
1290 
1291   ~CommandObjectMemoryWrite() override = default;
1292 
1293   Options *GetOptions() override { return &m_option_group; }
1294 
1295   bool UIntValueIsValidForSize(uint64_t uval64, size_t total_byte_size) {
1296     if (total_byte_size > 8)
1297       return false;
1298 
1299     if (total_byte_size == 8)
1300       return true;
1301 
1302     const uint64_t max = ((uint64_t)1 << (uint64_t)(total_byte_size * 8)) - 1;
1303     return uval64 <= max;
1304   }
1305 
1306   bool SIntValueIsValidForSize(int64_t sval64, size_t total_byte_size) {
1307     if (total_byte_size > 8)
1308       return false;
1309 
1310     if (total_byte_size == 8)
1311       return true;
1312 
1313     const int64_t max = ((int64_t)1 << (uint64_t)(total_byte_size * 8 - 1)) - 1;
1314     const int64_t min = ~(max);
1315     return min <= sval64 && sval64 <= max;
1316   }
1317 
1318 protected:
1319   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1320     // No need to check "process" for validity as eCommandRequiresProcess
1321     // ensures it is valid
1322     Process *process = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessPtr();
1323 
1324     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1325 
1326     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1327       if (argc < 1) {
1328         result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1329             "%s takes a destination address when writing file contents.\n",
1330             m_cmd_name.c_str());
1331         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1332         return false;
1333       }
1334     } else if (argc < 2) {
1335       result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1336           "%s takes a destination address and at least one value.\n",
1337           m_cmd_name.c_str());
1338       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1339       return false;
1340     }
1341 
1342     StreamString buffer(
1343         Stream::eBinary,
1344         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetAddressByteSize(),
1345         process->GetTarget().GetArchitecture().GetByteOrder());
1346 
1347     OptionValueUInt64 &byte_size_value = m_format_options.GetByteSizeValue();
1348     size_t item_byte_size = byte_size_value.GetCurrentValue();
1349 
1350     Error error;
1351     lldb::addr_t addr =
1352         Args::StringToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command.GetArgumentAtIndex(0),
1353                               LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1354 
1355     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1356       result.AppendError("invalid address expression\n");
1357       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1358       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1359       return false;
1360     }
1361 
1362     if (m_memory_options.m_infile) {
1363       size_t length = SIZE_MAX;
1364       if (item_byte_size > 1)
1365         length = item_byte_size;
1366       lldb::DataBufferSP data_sp(m_memory_options.m_infile.ReadFileContents(
1367           m_memory_options.m_infile_offset, length));
1368       if (data_sp) {
1369         length = data_sp->GetByteSize();
1370         if (length > 0) {
1371           Error error;
1372           size_t bytes_written =
1373               process->WriteMemory(addr, data_sp->GetBytes(), length, error);
1374 
1375           if (bytes_written == length) {
1376             // All bytes written
1377             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1378                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1379                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, addr);
1380             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1381           } else if (bytes_written > 0) {
1382             // Some byte written
1383             result.GetOutputStream().Printf(
1384                 "%" PRIu64 " bytes of %" PRIu64
1385                 " requested were written to 0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
1386                 (uint64_t)bytes_written, (uint64_t)length, addr);
1387             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1388           } else {
1389             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1390                                          " failed: %s.\n",
1391                                          addr, error.AsCString());
1392             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1393           }
1394         }
1395       } else {
1396         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Unable to read contents of file.\n");
1397         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1398       }
1399       return result.Succeeded();
1400     } else if (item_byte_size == 0) {
1401       if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatPointer)
1402         item_byte_size = buffer.GetAddressByteSize();
1403       else
1404         item_byte_size = 1;
1405     }
1406 
1407     command.Shift(); // shift off the address argument
1408     uint64_t uval64;
1409     int64_t sval64;
1410     bool success = false;
1411     const size_t num_value_args = command.GetArgumentCount();
1412     for (size_t i = 0; i < num_value_args; ++i) {
1413       const char *value_str = command.GetArgumentAtIndex(i);
1414 
1415       switch (m_format_options.GetFormat()) {
1416       case kNumFormats:
1417       case eFormatFloat: // TODO: add support for floats soon
1418       case eFormatCharPrintable:
1419       case eFormatBytesWithASCII:
1420       case eFormatComplex:
1421       case eFormatEnum:
1422       case eFormatUnicode16:
1423       case eFormatUnicode32:
1424       case eFormatVectorOfChar:
1425       case eFormatVectorOfSInt8:
1426       case eFormatVectorOfUInt8:
1427       case eFormatVectorOfSInt16:
1428       case eFormatVectorOfUInt16:
1429       case eFormatVectorOfSInt32:
1430       case eFormatVectorOfUInt32:
1431       case eFormatVectorOfSInt64:
1432       case eFormatVectorOfUInt64:
1433       case eFormatVectorOfFloat16:
1434       case eFormatVectorOfFloat32:
1435       case eFormatVectorOfFloat64:
1436       case eFormatVectorOfUInt128:
1437       case eFormatOSType:
1438       case eFormatComplexInteger:
1439       case eFormatAddressInfo:
1440       case eFormatHexFloat:
1441       case eFormatInstruction:
1442       case eFormatVoid:
1443         result.AppendError("unsupported format for writing memory");
1444         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1445         return false;
1446 
1447       case eFormatDefault:
1448       case eFormatBytes:
1449       case eFormatHex:
1450       case eFormatHexUppercase:
1451       case eFormatPointer:
1452         // Decode hex bytes
1453         uval64 = StringConvert::ToUInt64(value_str, UINT64_MAX, 16, &success);
1454         if (!success) {
1455           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1456               "'%s' is not a valid hex string value.\n", value_str);
1457           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1458           return false;
1459         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1460           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1461                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1462                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1463                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1464           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1465           return false;
1466         }
1467         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1468         break;
1469 
1470       case eFormatBoolean:
1471         uval64 = Args::StringToBoolean(
1472             llvm::StringRef::withNullAsEmpty(value_str), false, &success);
1473         if (!success) {
1474           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1475               "'%s' is not a valid boolean string value.\n", value_str);
1476           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1477           return false;
1478         }
1479         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1480         break;
1481 
1482       case eFormatBinary:
1483         uval64 = StringConvert::ToUInt64(value_str, UINT64_MAX, 2, &success);
1484         if (!success) {
1485           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1486               "'%s' is not a valid binary string value.\n", value_str);
1487           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1488           return false;
1489         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1490           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value 0x%" PRIx64
1491                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1492                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1493                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1494           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1495           return false;
1496         }
1497         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1498         break;
1499 
1500       case eFormatCharArray:
1501       case eFormatChar:
1502       case eFormatCString:
1503         if (value_str[0]) {
1504           size_t len = strlen(value_str);
1505           // Include the NULL for C strings...
1506           if (m_format_options.GetFormat() == eFormatCString)
1507             ++len;
1508           Error error;
1509           if (process->WriteMemory(addr, value_str, len, error) == len) {
1510             addr += len;
1511           } else {
1512             result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1513                                          " failed: %s.\n",
1514                                          addr, error.AsCString());
1515             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1516             return false;
1517           }
1518         }
1519         break;
1520 
1521       case eFormatDecimal:
1522         sval64 = StringConvert::ToSInt64(value_str, INT64_MAX, 0, &success);
1523         if (!success) {
1524           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1525               "'%s' is not a valid signed decimal value.\n", value_str);
1526           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1527           return false;
1528         } else if (!SIntValueIsValidForSize(sval64, item_byte_size)) {
1529           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1530               "Value %" PRIi64 " is too large or small to fit in a %" PRIu64
1531               " byte signed integer value.\n",
1532               sval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1533           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1534           return false;
1535         }
1536         buffer.PutMaxHex64(sval64, item_byte_size);
1537         break;
1538 
1539       case eFormatUnsigned:
1540         uval64 = StringConvert::ToUInt64(value_str, UINT64_MAX, 0, &success);
1541         if (!success) {
1542           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1543               "'%s' is not a valid unsigned decimal string value.\n",
1544               value_str);
1545           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1546           return false;
1547         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1548           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIu64
1549                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1550                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1551                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1552           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1553           return false;
1554         }
1555         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1556         break;
1557 
1558       case eFormatOctal:
1559         uval64 = StringConvert::ToUInt64(value_str, UINT64_MAX, 8, &success);
1560         if (!success) {
1561           result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1562               "'%s' is not a valid octal string value.\n", value_str);
1563           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1564           return false;
1565         } else if (!UIntValueIsValidForSize(uval64, item_byte_size)) {
1566           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Value %" PRIo64
1567                                        " is too large to fit in a %" PRIu64
1568                                        " byte unsigned integer value.\n",
1569                                        uval64, (uint64_t)item_byte_size);
1570           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1571           return false;
1572         }
1573         buffer.PutMaxHex64(uval64, item_byte_size);
1574         break;
1575       }
1576     }
1577 
1578     if (!buffer.GetString().empty()) {
1579       Error error;
1580       if (process->WriteMemory(addr, buffer.GetString().c_str(),
1581                                buffer.GetString().size(),
1582                                error) == buffer.GetString().size())
1583         return true;
1584       else {
1585         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("Memory write to 0x%" PRIx64
1586                                      " failed: %s.\n",
1587                                      addr, error.AsCString());
1588         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1589         return false;
1590       }
1591     }
1592     return true;
1593   }
1594 
1595   OptionGroupOptions m_option_group;
1596   OptionGroupFormat m_format_options;
1597   OptionGroupWriteMemory m_memory_options;
1598 };
1599 
1600 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1601 // Get malloc/free history of a memory address.
1602 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
1603 class CommandObjectMemoryHistory : public CommandObjectParsed {
1604 public:
1605   CommandObjectMemoryHistory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1606       : CommandObjectParsed(
1607             interpreter, "memory history", "Print recorded stack traces for "
1608                                            "allocation/deallocation events "
1609                                            "associated with an address.",
1610             nullptr,
1611             eCommandRequiresTarget | eCommandRequiresProcess |
1612                 eCommandProcessMustBePaused | eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched) {
1613     CommandArgumentEntry arg1;
1614     CommandArgumentData addr_arg;
1615 
1616     // Define the first (and only) variant of this arg.
1617     addr_arg.arg_type = eArgTypeAddress;
1618     addr_arg.arg_repetition = eArgRepeatPlain;
1619 
1620     // There is only one variant this argument could be; put it into the
1621     // argument entry.
1622     arg1.push_back(addr_arg);
1623 
1624     // Push the data for the first argument into the m_arguments vector.
1625     m_arguments.push_back(arg1);
1626   }
1627 
1628   ~CommandObjectMemoryHistory() override = default;
1629 
1630   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1631                                uint32_t index) override {
1632     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1633   }
1634 
1635 protected:
1636   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1637     const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1638 
1639     if (argc == 0 || argc > 1) {
1640       result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s takes an address expression",
1641                                    m_cmd_name.c_str());
1642       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1643       return false;
1644     }
1645 
1646     Error error;
1647     lldb::addr_t addr =
1648         Args::StringToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, command.GetArgumentAtIndex(0),
1649                               LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1650 
1651     if (addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1652       result.AppendError("invalid address expression");
1653       result.AppendError(error.AsCString());
1654       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1655       return false;
1656     }
1657 
1658     Stream *output_stream = &result.GetOutputStream();
1659 
1660     const ProcessSP &process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1661     const MemoryHistorySP &memory_history =
1662         MemoryHistory::FindPlugin(process_sp);
1663 
1664     if (!memory_history) {
1665       result.AppendError("no available memory history provider");
1666       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1667       return false;
1668     }
1669 
1670     HistoryThreads thread_list = memory_history->GetHistoryThreads(addr);
1671 
1672     for (auto thread : thread_list) {
1673       thread->GetStatus(*output_stream, 0, UINT32_MAX, 0);
1674     }
1675 
1676     result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1677 
1678     return true;
1679   }
1680 };
1681 
1682 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1683 // CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1684 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1685 #pragma mark CommandObjectMemoryRegion
1686 
1687 class CommandObjectMemoryRegion : public CommandObjectParsed {
1688 public:
1689   CommandObjectMemoryRegion(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1690       : CommandObjectParsed(interpreter, "memory region",
1691                             "Get information on the memory region containing "
1692                             "an address in the current target process.",
1693                             "memory region ADDR",
1694                             eCommandRequiresProcess | eCommandTryTargetAPILock |
1695                                 eCommandProcessMustBeLaunched),
1696         m_prev_end_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {}
1697 
1698   ~CommandObjectMemoryRegion() override = default;
1699 
1700 protected:
1701   bool DoExecute(Args &command, CommandReturnObject &result) override {
1702     ProcessSP process_sp = m_exe_ctx.GetProcessSP();
1703     if (process_sp) {
1704       Error error;
1705       lldb::addr_t load_addr = m_prev_end_addr;
1706       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1707 
1708       const size_t argc = command.GetArgumentCount();
1709       if (argc > 1 || (argc == 0 && load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS)) {
1710         result.AppendErrorWithFormat("'%s' takes one argument:\nUsage: %s\n",
1711                                      m_cmd_name.c_str(), m_cmd_syntax.c_str());
1712         result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1713       } else {
1714         const char *load_addr_cstr = command.GetArgumentAtIndex(0);
1715         if (command.GetArgumentCount() == 1) {
1716           load_addr = Args::StringToAddress(&m_exe_ctx, load_addr_cstr,
1717                                             LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS, &error);
1718           if (error.Fail() || load_addr == LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
1719             result.AppendErrorWithFormat(
1720                 "invalid address argument \"%s\": %s\n", load_addr_cstr,
1721                 error.AsCString());
1722             result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1723           }
1724         }
1725 
1726         lldb_private::MemoryRegionInfo range_info;
1727         error = process_sp->GetMemoryRegionInfo(load_addr, range_info);
1728         if (error.Success()) {
1729           lldb_private::Address addr;
1730           ConstString section_name;
1731           if (process_sp->GetTarget().ResolveLoadAddress(load_addr, addr)) {
1732             SectionSP section_sp(addr.GetSection());
1733             if (section_sp) {
1734               // Got the top most section, not the deepest section
1735               while (section_sp->GetParent())
1736                 section_sp = section_sp->GetParent();
1737               section_name = section_sp->GetName();
1738             }
1739           }
1740           result.AppendMessageWithFormat(
1741               "[0x%16.16" PRIx64 "-0x%16.16" PRIx64 ") %c%c%c%s%s\n",
1742               range_info.GetRange().GetRangeBase(),
1743               range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd(),
1744               range_info.GetReadable() ? 'r' : '-',
1745               range_info.GetWritable() ? 'w' : '-',
1746               range_info.GetExecutable() ? 'x' : '-', section_name ? " " : "",
1747               section_name ? section_name.AsCString() : "");
1748           m_prev_end_addr = range_info.GetRange().GetRangeEnd();
1749           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusSuccessFinishResult);
1750         } else {
1751           result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1752           result.AppendErrorWithFormat("%s\n", error.AsCString());
1753         }
1754       }
1755     } else {
1756       m_prev_end_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
1757       result.AppendError("invalid process");
1758       result.SetStatus(eReturnStatusFailed);
1759     }
1760     return result.Succeeded();
1761   }
1762 
1763   const char *GetRepeatCommand(Args &current_command_args,
1764                                uint32_t index) override {
1765     // If we repeat this command, repeat it without any arguments so we can
1766     // show the next memory range
1767     return m_cmd_name.c_str();
1768   }
1769 
1770   lldb::addr_t m_prev_end_addr;
1771 };
1772 
1773 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1774 // CommandObjectMemory
1775 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1776 
1777 CommandObjectMemory::CommandObjectMemory(CommandInterpreter &interpreter)
1778     : CommandObjectMultiword(
1779           interpreter, "memory",
1780           "Commands for operating on memory in the current target process.",
1781           "memory <subcommand> [<subcommand-options>]") {
1782   LoadSubCommand("find",
1783                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryFind(interpreter)));
1784   LoadSubCommand("read",
1785                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRead(interpreter)));
1786   LoadSubCommand("write",
1787                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryWrite(interpreter)));
1788   LoadSubCommand("history",
1789                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryHistory(interpreter)));
1790   LoadSubCommand("region",
1791                  CommandObjectSP(new CommandObjectMemoryRegion(interpreter)));
1792 }
1793 
1794 CommandObjectMemory::~CommandObjectMemory() = default;
1795