xref: /llvm-project/flang/runtime/edit-output.cpp (revision 724709e09ddcb4951a5f1c42238d3a8491424831) 
1 //===-- runtime/edit-output.cpp -------------------------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "edit-output.h"
10 #include "utf.h"
11 #include "flang/Common/uint128.h"
12 #include <algorithm>
13 
14 namespace Fortran::runtime::io {
15 
16 template <int KIND>
17 bool EditIntegerOutput(IoStatementState &io, const DataEdit &edit,
18     common::HostSignedIntType<8 * KIND> n) {
19   char buffer[130], *end{&buffer[sizeof buffer]}, *p{end};
20   bool isNegative{n < 0};
21   using Unsigned = common::HostUnsignedIntType<8 * KIND>;
22   Unsigned un{static_cast<Unsigned>(n)};
23   int signChars{0};
24   switch (edit.descriptor) {
25   case DataEdit::ListDirected:
26   case 'G':
27   case 'I':
28     if (isNegative) {
29       un = -un;
30     }
31     if (isNegative || (edit.modes.editingFlags & signPlus)) {
32       signChars = 1; // '-' or '+'
33     }
34     while (un > 0) {
35       auto quotient{un / 10u};
36       *--p = '0' + static_cast<int>(un - Unsigned{10} * quotient);
37       un = quotient;
38     }
39     break;
40   case 'B':
41     for (; un > 0; un >>= 1) {
42       *--p = '0' + (static_cast<int>(un) & 1);
43     }
44     break;
45   case 'O':
46     for (; un > 0; un >>= 3) {
47       *--p = '0' + (static_cast<int>(un) & 7);
48     }
49     break;
50   case 'Z':
51     for (; un > 0; un >>= 4) {
52       int digit = static_cast<int>(un) & 0xf;
53       *--p = digit >= 10 ? 'A' + (digit - 10) : '0' + digit;
54     }
55     break;
56   case 'A': // legacy extension
57     return EditCharacterOutput(
58         io, edit, reinterpret_cast<char *>(&n), sizeof n);
59   default:
60     io.GetIoErrorHandler().SignalError(IostatErrorInFormat,
61         "Data edit descriptor '%c' may not be used with an INTEGER data item",
62         edit.descriptor);
63     return false;
64   }
65 
66   int digits = end - p;
67   int leadingZeroes{0};
68   int editWidth{edit.width.value_or(0)};
69   if (edit.digits && digits <= *edit.digits) { // Iw.m
70     if (*edit.digits == 0 && n == 0) {
71       // Iw.0 with zero value: output field must be blank.  For I0.0
72       // and a zero value, emit one blank character.
73       signChars = 0; // in case of SP
74       editWidth = std::max(1, editWidth);
75     } else {
76       leadingZeroes = *edit.digits - digits;
77     }
78   } else if (n == 0) {
79     leadingZeroes = 1;
80   }
81   int subTotal{signChars + leadingZeroes + digits};
82   int leadingSpaces{std::max(0, editWidth - subTotal)};
83   if (editWidth > 0 && leadingSpaces + subTotal > editWidth) {
84     return io.EmitRepeated('*', editWidth);
85   }
86   if (edit.IsListDirected()) {
87     int total{std::max(leadingSpaces, 1) + subTotal};
88     if (io.GetConnectionState().NeedAdvance(static_cast<std::size_t>(total)) &&
89         !io.AdvanceRecord()) {
90       return false;
91     }
92     leadingSpaces = 1;
93   }
94   return io.EmitRepeated(' ', leadingSpaces) &&
95       io.Emit(n < 0 ? "-" : "+", signChars) &&
96       io.EmitRepeated('0', leadingZeroes) && io.Emit(p, digits);
97 }
98 
99 // Formats the exponent (see table 13.1 for all the cases)
100 const char *RealOutputEditingBase::FormatExponent(
101     int expo, const DataEdit &edit, int &length) {
102   char *eEnd{&exponent_[sizeof exponent_]};
103   char *exponent{eEnd};
104   for (unsigned e{static_cast<unsigned>(std::abs(expo))}; e > 0;) {
105     unsigned quotient{e / 10u};
106     *--exponent = '0' + e - 10 * quotient;
107     e = quotient;
108   }
109   if (edit.expoDigits) {
110     if (int ed{*edit.expoDigits}) { // Ew.dEe with e > 0
111       while (exponent > exponent_ + 2 /*E+*/ && exponent + ed > eEnd) {
112         *--exponent = '0';
113       }
114     } else if (exponent == eEnd) {
115       *--exponent = '0'; // Ew.dE0 with zero-valued exponent
116     }
117   } else { // ensure at least two exponent digits
118     while (exponent + 2 > eEnd) {
119       *--exponent = '0';
120     }
121   }
122   *--exponent = expo < 0 ? '-' : '+';
123   if (edit.expoDigits || edit.IsListDirected() || exponent + 3 == eEnd) {
124     *--exponent = edit.descriptor == 'D' ? 'D' : 'E'; // not 'G'
125   }
126   length = eEnd - exponent;
127   return exponent;
128 }
129 
130 bool RealOutputEditingBase::EmitPrefix(
131     const DataEdit &edit, std::size_t length, std::size_t width) {
132   if (edit.IsListDirected()) {
133     int prefixLength{edit.descriptor == DataEdit::ListDirectedRealPart ? 2
134             : edit.descriptor == DataEdit::ListDirectedImaginaryPart   ? 0
135                                                                        : 1};
136     int suffixLength{edit.descriptor == DataEdit::ListDirectedRealPart ||
137                 edit.descriptor == DataEdit::ListDirectedImaginaryPart
138             ? 1
139             : 0};
140     length += prefixLength + suffixLength;
141     ConnectionState &connection{io_.GetConnectionState()};
142     return (!connection.NeedAdvance(length) || io_.AdvanceRecord()) &&
143         io_.Emit(" (", prefixLength);
144   } else if (width > length) {
145     return io_.EmitRepeated(' ', width - length);
146   } else {
147     return true;
148   }
149 }
150 
151 bool RealOutputEditingBase::EmitSuffix(const DataEdit &edit) {
152   if (edit.descriptor == DataEdit::ListDirectedRealPart) {
153     return io_.Emit(edit.modes.editingFlags & decimalComma ? ";" : ",", 1);
154   } else if (edit.descriptor == DataEdit::ListDirectedImaginaryPart) {
155     return io_.Emit(")", 1);
156   } else {
157     return true;
158   }
159 }
160 
161 template <int binaryPrecision>
162 decimal::ConversionToDecimalResult RealOutputEditing<binaryPrecision>::Convert(
163     int significantDigits, enum decimal::FortranRounding rounding, int flags) {
164   auto converted{decimal::ConvertToDecimal<binaryPrecision>(buffer_,
165       sizeof buffer_, static_cast<enum decimal::DecimalConversionFlags>(flags),
166       significantDigits, rounding, x_)};
167   if (!converted.str) { // overflow
168     io_.GetIoErrorHandler().Crash(
169         "RealOutputEditing::Convert : buffer size %zd was insufficient",
170         sizeof buffer_);
171   }
172   return converted;
173 }
174 
175 // 13.7.2.3.3 in F'2018
176 template <int binaryPrecision>
177 bool RealOutputEditing<binaryPrecision>::EditEorDOutput(const DataEdit &edit) {
178   int editDigits{edit.digits.value_or(0)}; // 'd' field
179   int editWidth{edit.width.value_or(0)}; // 'w' field
180   int significantDigits{editDigits};
181   int flags{0};
182   if (edit.modes.editingFlags & signPlus) {
183     flags |= decimal::AlwaysSign;
184   }
185   if (editWidth == 0) { // "the processor selects the field width"
186     if (edit.digits.has_value()) { // E0.d
187       editWidth = editDigits + 6; // -.666E+ee
188     } else { // E0
189       flags |= decimal::Minimize;
190       significantDigits =
191           sizeof buffer_ - 5; // sign, NUL, + 3 extra for EN scaling
192     }
193   }
194   bool isEN{edit.variation == 'N'};
195   bool isES{edit.variation == 'S'};
196   int scale{isEN || isES ? 1 : edit.modes.scale}; // 'kP' value
197   int zeroesAfterPoint{0};
198   if (scale < 0) {
199     zeroesAfterPoint = -scale;
200     significantDigits = std::max(0, significantDigits - zeroesAfterPoint);
201   } else if (scale > 0) {
202     ++significantDigits;
203     scale = std::min(scale, significantDigits + 1);
204   }
205   // In EN editing, multiple attempts may be necessary, so it's in a loop.
206   while (true) {
207     decimal::ConversionToDecimalResult converted{
208         Convert(significantDigits, edit.modes.round, flags)};
209     if (IsInfOrNaN(converted)) {
210       return EmitPrefix(edit, converted.length, editWidth) &&
211           io_.Emit(converted.str, converted.length) && EmitSuffix(edit);
212     }
213     if (!IsZero()) {
214       converted.decimalExponent -= scale;
215     }
216     if (isEN && scale < 3 && (converted.decimalExponent % 3) != 0) {
217       // EN mode: boost the scale and significant digits, try again; need
218       // an effective exponent field that's a multiple of three.
219       ++scale;
220       ++significantDigits;
221       continue;
222     }
223     // Format the exponent (see table 13.1 for all the cases)
224     int expoLength{0};
225     const char *exponent{
226         FormatExponent(converted.decimalExponent, edit, expoLength)};
227     int signLength{*converted.str == '-' || *converted.str == '+' ? 1 : 0};
228     int convertedDigits{static_cast<int>(converted.length) - signLength};
229     int zeroesBeforePoint{std::max(0, scale - convertedDigits)};
230     int digitsBeforePoint{std::max(0, scale - zeroesBeforePoint)};
231     int digitsAfterPoint{convertedDigits - digitsBeforePoint};
232     int trailingZeroes{flags & decimal::Minimize
233             ? 0
234             : std::max(0,
235                   significantDigits - (convertedDigits + zeroesBeforePoint))};
236     int totalLength{signLength + digitsBeforePoint + zeroesBeforePoint +
237         1 /*'.'*/ + zeroesAfterPoint + digitsAfterPoint + trailingZeroes +
238         expoLength};
239     int width{editWidth > 0 ? editWidth : totalLength};
240     if (totalLength > width) {
241       return io_.EmitRepeated('*', width);
242     }
243     if (totalLength < width && digitsBeforePoint == 0 &&
244         zeroesBeforePoint == 0) {
245       zeroesBeforePoint = 1;
246       ++totalLength;
247     }
248     return EmitPrefix(edit, totalLength, width) &&
249         io_.Emit(converted.str, signLength + digitsBeforePoint) &&
250         io_.EmitRepeated('0', zeroesBeforePoint) &&
251         io_.Emit(edit.modes.editingFlags & decimalComma ? "," : ".", 1) &&
252         io_.EmitRepeated('0', zeroesAfterPoint) &&
253         io_.Emit(
254             converted.str + signLength + digitsBeforePoint, digitsAfterPoint) &&
255         io_.EmitRepeated('0', trailingZeroes) &&
256         io_.Emit(exponent, expoLength) && EmitSuffix(edit);
257   }
258 }
259 
260 // 13.7.2.3.2 in F'2018
261 template <int binaryPrecision>
262 bool RealOutputEditing<binaryPrecision>::EditFOutput(const DataEdit &edit) {
263   int fracDigits{edit.digits.value_or(0)}; // 'd' field
264   const int editWidth{edit.width.value_or(0)}; // 'w' field
265   enum decimal::FortranRounding rounding{edit.modes.round};
266   int flags{0};
267   if (edit.modes.editingFlags & signPlus) {
268     flags |= decimal::AlwaysSign;
269   }
270   if (editWidth == 0) { // "the processor selects the field width"
271     if (!edit.digits.has_value()) { // F0
272       flags |= decimal::Minimize;
273       fracDigits = sizeof buffer_ - 2; // sign & NUL
274     }
275   }
276   // Multiple conversions may be needed to get the right number of
277   // effective rounded fractional digits.
278   int extraDigits{0};
279   bool canIncrease{true};
280   while (true) {
281     decimal::ConversionToDecimalResult converted{
282         Convert(extraDigits + fracDigits, rounding, flags)};
283     if (IsInfOrNaN(converted)) {
284       return EmitPrefix(edit, converted.length, editWidth) &&
285           io_.Emit(converted.str, converted.length) && EmitSuffix(edit);
286     }
287     int expo{converted.decimalExponent + edit.modes.scale /*kP*/};
288     int signLength{*converted.str == '-' || *converted.str == '+' ? 1 : 0};
289     int convertedDigits{static_cast<int>(converted.length) - signLength};
290     if (IsZero()) { // don't treat converted "0" as significant digit
291       expo = 0;
292       convertedDigits = 0;
293     }
294     int trailingOnes{0};
295     if (expo > extraDigits && extraDigits >= 0 && canIncrease) {
296       extraDigits = expo;
297       if (!edit.digits.has_value()) { // F0
298         fracDigits = sizeof buffer_ - extraDigits - 2; // sign & NUL
299       }
300       canIncrease = false; // only once
301       continue;
302     } else if (expo == -fracDigits && convertedDigits > 0) {
303       if (rounding != decimal::FortranRounding::RoundToZero) {
304         // Convert again without rounding so that we can round here
305         rounding = decimal::FortranRounding::RoundToZero;
306         continue;
307       } else if (converted.str[signLength] >= '5') {
308         // Value rounds up to a scaled 1 (e.g., 0.06 for F5.1 -> 0.1)
309         ++expo;
310         convertedDigits = 0;
311         trailingOnes = 1;
312       } else {
313         // Value rounds down to zero
314         expo = 0;
315         convertedDigits = 0;
316       }
317     } else if (expo < extraDigits && extraDigits > -fracDigits) {
318       extraDigits = std::max(expo, -fracDigits);
319       continue;
320     }
321     int digitsBeforePoint{std::max(0, std::min(expo, convertedDigits))};
322     int zeroesBeforePoint{std::max(0, expo - digitsBeforePoint)};
323     int zeroesAfterPoint{std::min(fracDigits, std::max(0, -expo))};
324     int digitsAfterPoint{convertedDigits - digitsBeforePoint};
325     int trailingZeroes{flags & decimal::Minimize
326             ? 0
327             : std::max(0,
328                   fracDigits -
329                       (zeroesAfterPoint + digitsAfterPoint + trailingOnes))};
330     if (digitsBeforePoint + zeroesBeforePoint + zeroesAfterPoint +
331             digitsAfterPoint + trailingOnes + trailingZeroes ==
332         0) {
333       zeroesBeforePoint = 1; // "." -> "0."
334     }
335     int totalLength{signLength + digitsBeforePoint + zeroesBeforePoint +
336         1 /*'.'*/ + zeroesAfterPoint + digitsAfterPoint + trailingOnes +
337         trailingZeroes};
338     int width{editWidth > 0 ? editWidth : totalLength};
339     if (totalLength > width) {
340       return io_.EmitRepeated('*', width);
341     }
342     if (totalLength < width && digitsBeforePoint + zeroesBeforePoint == 0) {
343       zeroesBeforePoint = 1;
344       ++totalLength;
345     }
346     return EmitPrefix(edit, totalLength, width) &&
347         io_.Emit(converted.str, signLength + digitsBeforePoint) &&
348         io_.EmitRepeated('0', zeroesBeforePoint) &&
349         io_.Emit(edit.modes.editingFlags & decimalComma ? "," : ".", 1) &&
350         io_.EmitRepeated('0', zeroesAfterPoint) &&
351         io_.Emit(
352             converted.str + signLength + digitsBeforePoint, digitsAfterPoint) &&
353         io_.EmitRepeated('1', trailingOnes) &&
354         io_.EmitRepeated('0', trailingZeroes) &&
355         io_.EmitRepeated(' ', trailingBlanks_) && EmitSuffix(edit);
356   }
357 }
358 
359 // 13.7.5.2.3 in F'2018
360 template <int binaryPrecision>
361 DataEdit RealOutputEditing<binaryPrecision>::EditForGOutput(DataEdit edit) {
362   edit.descriptor = 'E';
363   int significantDigits{
364       edit.digits.value_or(BinaryFloatingPoint::decimalPrecision)}; // 'd'
365   if (!edit.width.has_value() || (*edit.width > 0 && significantDigits == 0)) {
366     return edit; // Gw.0 -> Ew.0 for w > 0
367   }
368   int flags{0};
369   if (edit.modes.editingFlags & signPlus) {
370     flags |= decimal::AlwaysSign;
371   }
372   decimal::ConversionToDecimalResult converted{
373       Convert(significantDigits, edit.modes.round, flags)};
374   if (IsInfOrNaN(converted)) {
375     return edit;
376   }
377   int expo{IsZero() ? 1 : converted.decimalExponent}; // 's'
378   if (expo < 0 || expo > significantDigits) {
379     return edit; // Ew.d
380   }
381   edit.descriptor = 'F';
382   edit.modes.scale = 0; // kP is ignored for G when no exponent field
383   trailingBlanks_ = 0;
384   int editWidth{edit.width.value_or(0)};
385   if (editWidth > 0) {
386     int expoDigits{edit.expoDigits.value_or(0)};
387     trailingBlanks_ = expoDigits > 0 ? expoDigits + 2 : 4; // 'n'
388     *edit.width = std::max(0, editWidth - trailingBlanks_);
389   }
390   if (edit.digits.has_value()) {
391     *edit.digits = std::max(0, *edit.digits - expo);
392   }
393   return edit;
394 }
395 
396 // 13.10.4 in F'2018
397 template <int binaryPrecision>
398 bool RealOutputEditing<binaryPrecision>::EditListDirectedOutput(
399     const DataEdit &edit) {
400   decimal::ConversionToDecimalResult converted{Convert(1, edit.modes.round)};
401   if (IsInfOrNaN(converted)) {
402     return EditEorDOutput(edit);
403   }
404   int expo{converted.decimalExponent};
405   if (expo < 0 || expo > BinaryFloatingPoint::decimalPrecision) {
406     DataEdit copy{edit};
407     copy.modes.scale = 1; // 1P
408     return EditEorDOutput(copy);
409   }
410   return EditFOutput(edit);
411 }
412 
413 // 13.7.5.2.6 in F'2018
414 template <int binaryPrecision>
415 bool RealOutputEditing<binaryPrecision>::EditEXOutput(const DataEdit &) {
416   io_.GetIoErrorHandler().Crash(
417       "not yet implemented: EX output editing"); // TODO
418 }
419 
420 template <int KIND> bool RealOutputEditing<KIND>::Edit(const DataEdit &edit) {
421   switch (edit.descriptor) {
422   case 'D':
423     return EditEorDOutput(edit);
424   case 'E':
425     if (edit.variation == 'X') {
426       return EditEXOutput(edit);
427     } else {
428       return EditEorDOutput(edit);
429     }
430   case 'F':
431     return EditFOutput(edit);
432   case 'B':
433   case 'O':
434   case 'Z':
435     return EditIntegerOutput<KIND>(io_, edit,
436         static_cast<common::HostSignedIntType<8 * KIND>>(
437             decimal::BinaryFloatingPointNumber<binaryPrecision>{x_}.raw()));
438   case 'G':
439     return Edit(EditForGOutput(edit));
440   case 'A': // legacy extension
441     return EditCharacterOutput(
442         io_, edit, reinterpret_cast<char *>(&x_), sizeof x_);
443   default:
444     if (edit.IsListDirected()) {
445       return EditListDirectedOutput(edit);
446     }
447     io_.GetIoErrorHandler().SignalError(IostatErrorInFormat,
448         "Data edit descriptor '%c' may not be used with a REAL data item",
449         edit.descriptor);
450     return false;
451   }
452   return false;
453 }
454 
455 bool ListDirectedLogicalOutput(IoStatementState &io,
456     ListDirectedStatementState<Direction::Output> &list, bool truth) {
457   return list.EmitLeadingSpaceOrAdvance(io) && io.Emit(truth ? "T" : "F", 1);
458 }
459 
460 bool EditLogicalOutput(IoStatementState &io, const DataEdit &edit, bool truth) {
461   switch (edit.descriptor) {
462   case 'L':
463   case 'G':
464     return io.EmitRepeated(' ', std::max(0, edit.width.value_or(1) - 1)) &&
465         io.Emit(truth ? "T" : "F", 1);
466   default:
467     io.GetIoErrorHandler().SignalError(IostatErrorInFormat,
468         "Data edit descriptor '%c' may not be used with a LOGICAL data item",
469         edit.descriptor);
470     return false;
471   }
472 }
473 
474 template <typename CHAR>
475 bool ListDirectedCharacterOutput(IoStatementState &io,
476     ListDirectedStatementState<Direction::Output> &list, const CHAR *x,
477     std::size_t length) {
478   bool ok{true};
479   MutableModes &modes{io.mutableModes()};
480   ConnectionState &connection{io.GetConnectionState()};
481   if (modes.delim) {
482     ok = ok && list.EmitLeadingSpaceOrAdvance(io);
483     // Value is delimited with ' or " marks, and interior
484     // instances of that character are doubled.
485     auto EmitOne{[&](CHAR ch) {
486       if (connection.NeedAdvance(1)) {
487         ok = ok && io.AdvanceRecord();
488       }
489       ok = ok && io.EmitEncoded(&ch, 1);
490     }};
491     EmitOne(modes.delim);
492     for (std::size_t j{0}; j < length; ++j) {
493       // Doubled delimiters must be put on the same record
494       // in order to be acceptable as list-directed or NAMELIST
495       // input; however, this requirement is not always possible
496       // when the records have a fixed length, as is the case with
497       // internal output.  The standard is silent on what should
498       // happen, and no two extant Fortran implementations do
499       // the same thing when tested with this case.
500       // This runtime splits the doubled delimiters across
501       // two records for lack of a better alternative.
502       if (x[j] == static_cast<CHAR>(modes.delim)) {
503         EmitOne(x[j]);
504       }
505       EmitOne(x[j]);
506     }
507     EmitOne(modes.delim);
508   } else {
509     // Undelimited list-directed output
510     ok = ok && list.EmitLeadingSpaceOrAdvance(io, length > 0 ? 1 : 0, true);
511     std::size_t put{0};
512     std::size_t oneIfUTF8{connection.useUTF8<CHAR>() ? 1 : length};
513     while (ok && put < length) {
514       if (std::size_t chunk{std::min<std::size_t>(
515               std::min<std::size_t>(length - put, oneIfUTF8),
516               connection.RemainingSpaceInRecord())}) {
517         ok = io.EmitEncoded(x + put, chunk);
518         put += chunk;
519       } else {
520         ok = io.AdvanceRecord() && io.Emit(" ", 1);
521       }
522     }
523     list.set_lastWasUndelimitedCharacter(true);
524   }
525   return ok;
526 }
527 
528 template <typename CHAR>
529 bool EditCharacterOutput(IoStatementState &io, const DataEdit &edit,
530     const CHAR *x, std::size_t length) {
531   switch (edit.descriptor) {
532   case 'A':
533   case 'G':
534     break;
535   default:
536     io.GetIoErrorHandler().SignalError(IostatErrorInFormat,
537         "Data edit descriptor '%c' may not be used with a CHARACTER data item",
538         edit.descriptor);
539     return false;
540   }
541   int len{static_cast<int>(length)};
542   int width{edit.width.value_or(len)};
543   return io.EmitRepeated(' ', std::max(0, width - len)) &&
544       io.EmitEncoded(x, std::min(width, len));
545 }
546 
547 template bool EditIntegerOutput<1>(
548     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, std::int8_t);
549 template bool EditIntegerOutput<2>(
550     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, std::int16_t);
551 template bool EditIntegerOutput<4>(
552     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, std::int32_t);
553 template bool EditIntegerOutput<8>(
554     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, std::int64_t);
555 template bool EditIntegerOutput<16>(
556     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, common::int128_t);
557 
558 template class RealOutputEditing<2>;
559 template class RealOutputEditing<3>;
560 template class RealOutputEditing<4>;
561 template class RealOutputEditing<8>;
562 template class RealOutputEditing<10>;
563 // TODO: double/double
564 template class RealOutputEditing<16>;
565 
566 template bool ListDirectedCharacterOutput(IoStatementState &,
567     ListDirectedStatementState<Direction::Output> &, const char *,
568     std::size_t chars);
569 template bool ListDirectedCharacterOutput(IoStatementState &,
570     ListDirectedStatementState<Direction::Output> &, const char16_t *,
571     std::size_t chars);
572 template bool ListDirectedCharacterOutput(IoStatementState &,
573     ListDirectedStatementState<Direction::Output> &, const char32_t *,
574     std::size_t chars);
575 
576 template bool EditCharacterOutput(
577     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, const char *, std::size_t chars);
578 template bool EditCharacterOutput(
579     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, const char16_t *, std::size_t chars);
580 template bool EditCharacterOutput(
581     IoStatementState &, const DataEdit &, const char32_t *, std::size_t chars);
582 
583 } // namespace Fortran::runtime::io
584