xref: /llvm-project/clang/lib/CodeGen/BackendUtil.cpp (revision 55e87a79b9c3e0cb80503a4b6eec0fab404b2966) 
1 //===--- BackendUtil.cpp - LLVM Backend Utilities -------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #include "clang/CodeGen/BackendUtil.h"
10 #include "BackendConsumer.h"
11 #include "LinkInModulesPass.h"
12 #include "clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.h"
13 #include "clang/Basic/Diagnostic.h"
14 #include "clang/Basic/LangOptions.h"
15 #include "clang/Basic/TargetOptions.h"
16 #include "clang/Frontend/FrontendDiagnostic.h"
17 #include "clang/Frontend/Utils.h"
18 #include "clang/Lex/HeaderSearchOptions.h"
19 #include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
20 #include "llvm/ADT/StringSwitch.h"
21 #include "llvm/Analysis/GlobalsModRef.h"
22 #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
23 #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetTransformInfo.h"
24 #include "llvm/Bitcode/BitcodeReader.h"
25 #include "llvm/Bitcode/BitcodeWriter.h"
26 #include "llvm/Bitcode/BitcodeWriterPass.h"
27 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
28 #include "llvm/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.h"
29 #include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
30 #include "llvm/IR/DebugInfo.h"
31 #include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
32 #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
33 #include "llvm/IR/ModuleSummaryIndex.h"
34 #include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
35 #include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
36 #include "llvm/IRPrinter/IRPrintingPasses.h"
37 #include "llvm/LTO/LTOBackend.h"
38 #include "llvm/MC/TargetRegistry.h"
39 #include "llvm/Object/OffloadBinary.h"
40 #include "llvm/Passes/PassBuilder.h"
41 #include "llvm/Passes/PassPlugin.h"
42 #include "llvm/Passes/StandardInstrumentations.h"
43 #include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProfCorrelator.h"
44 #include "llvm/Support/BuryPointer.h"
45 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
46 #include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
47 #include "llvm/Support/PrettyStackTrace.h"
48 #include "llvm/Support/Program.h"
49 #include "llvm/Support/TimeProfiler.h"
50 #include "llvm/Support/Timer.h"
51 #include "llvm/Support/ToolOutputFile.h"
52 #include "llvm/Support/VirtualFileSystem.h"
53 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
54 #include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
55 #include "llvm/Target/TargetOptions.h"
56 #include "llvm/TargetParser/SubtargetFeature.h"
57 #include "llvm/TargetParser/Triple.h"
58 #include "llvm/Transforms/HipStdPar/HipStdPar.h"
59 #include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/EmbedBitcodePass.h"
60 #include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/LowerTypeTests.h"
61 #include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/ThinLTOBitcodeWriter.h"
62 #include "llvm/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombine.h"
63 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/AddressSanitizer.h"
64 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/AddressSanitizerOptions.h"
65 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/BoundsChecking.h"
66 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/DataFlowSanitizer.h"
67 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/GCOVProfiler.h"
68 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/HWAddressSanitizer.h"
69 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/InstrProfiling.h"
70 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/KCFI.h"
71 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/LowerAllowCheckPass.h"
72 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/MemProfiler.h"
73 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/MemorySanitizer.h"
74 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/NumericalStabilitySanitizer.h"
75 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/PGOInstrumentation.h"
76 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/RealtimeSanitizer.h"
77 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/SanitizerBinaryMetadata.h"
78 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/SanitizerCoverage.h"
79 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/ThreadSanitizer.h"
80 #include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/TypeSanitizer.h"
81 #include "llvm/Transforms/ObjCARC.h"
82 #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/EarlyCSE.h"
83 #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/GVN.h"
84 #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/JumpThreading.h"
85 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Debugify.h"
86 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ModuleUtils.h"
87 #include <memory>
88 #include <optional>
89 using namespace clang;
90 using namespace llvm;
91 
92 #define HANDLE_EXTENSION(Ext)                                                  \
93   llvm::PassPluginLibraryInfo get##Ext##PluginInfo();
94 #include "llvm/Support/Extension.def"
95 
96 namespace llvm {
97 extern cl::opt<bool> PrintPipelinePasses;
98 
99 // Experiment to move sanitizers earlier.
100 static cl::opt<bool> ClSanitizeOnOptimizerEarlyEP(
101     "sanitizer-early-opt-ep", cl::Optional,
102     cl::desc("Insert sanitizers on OptimizerEarlyEP."));
103 
104 // Experiment to mark cold functions as optsize/minsize/optnone.
105 // TODO: remove once this is exposed as a proper driver flag.
106 static cl::opt<PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt> ClPGOColdFuncAttr(
107     "pgo-cold-func-opt", cl::init(PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt::Default), cl::Hidden,
108     cl::desc(
109         "Function attribute to apply to cold functions as determined by PGO"),
110     cl::values(clEnumValN(PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt::Default, "default",
111                           "Default (no attribute)"),
112                clEnumValN(PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt::OptSize, "optsize",
113                           "Mark cold functions with optsize."),
114                clEnumValN(PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt::MinSize, "minsize",
115                           "Mark cold functions with minsize."),
116                clEnumValN(PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt::OptNone, "optnone",
117                           "Mark cold functions with optnone.")));
118 
119 extern cl::opt<InstrProfCorrelator::ProfCorrelatorKind> ProfileCorrelate;
120 } // namespace llvm
121 
122 namespace {
123 
124 // Default filename used for profile generation.
125 std::string getDefaultProfileGenName() {
126   return DebugInfoCorrelate || ProfileCorrelate != InstrProfCorrelator::NONE
127              ? "default_%m.proflite"
128              : "default_%m.profraw";
129 }
130 
131 class EmitAssemblyHelper {
132   DiagnosticsEngine &Diags;
133   const HeaderSearchOptions &HSOpts;
134   const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts;
135   const clang::TargetOptions &TargetOpts;
136   const LangOptions &LangOpts;
137   llvm::Module *TheModule;
138   IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem> VFS;
139 
140   Timer CodeGenerationTime;
141 
142   std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> OS;
143 
144   Triple TargetTriple;
145 
146   TargetIRAnalysis getTargetIRAnalysis() const {
147     if (TM)
148       return TM->getTargetIRAnalysis();
149 
150     return TargetIRAnalysis();
151   }
152 
153   /// Generates the TargetMachine.
154   /// Leaves TM unchanged if it is unable to create the target machine.
155   /// Some of our clang tests specify triples which are not built
156   /// into clang. This is okay because these tests check the generated
157   /// IR, and they require DataLayout which depends on the triple.
158   /// In this case, we allow this method to fail and not report an error.
159   /// When MustCreateTM is used, we print an error if we are unable to load
160   /// the requested target.
161   void CreateTargetMachine(bool MustCreateTM);
162 
163   /// Add passes necessary to emit assembly or LLVM IR.
164   ///
165   /// \return True on success.
166   bool AddEmitPasses(legacy::PassManager &CodeGenPasses, BackendAction Action,
167                      raw_pwrite_stream &OS, raw_pwrite_stream *DwoOS);
168 
169   std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile> openOutputFile(StringRef Path) {
170     std::error_code EC;
171     auto F = std::make_unique<llvm::ToolOutputFile>(Path, EC,
172                                                      llvm::sys::fs::OF_None);
173     if (EC) {
174       Diags.Report(diag::err_fe_unable_to_open_output) << Path << EC.message();
175       F.reset();
176     }
177     return F;
178   }
179 
180   void RunOptimizationPipeline(
181       BackendAction Action, std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> &OS,
182       std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile> &ThinLinkOS, BackendConsumer *BC);
183   void RunCodegenPipeline(BackendAction Action,
184                           std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> &OS,
185                           std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile> &DwoOS);
186 
187   /// Check whether we should emit a module summary for regular LTO.
188   /// The module summary should be emitted by default for regular LTO
189   /// except for ld64 targets.
190   ///
191   /// \return True if the module summary should be emitted.
192   bool shouldEmitRegularLTOSummary() const {
193     return CodeGenOpts.PrepareForLTO && !CodeGenOpts.DisableLLVMPasses &&
194            TargetTriple.getVendor() != llvm::Triple::Apple;
195   }
196 
197   /// Check whether we should emit a flag for UnifiedLTO.
198   /// The UnifiedLTO module flag should be set when UnifiedLTO is enabled for
199   /// ThinLTO or Full LTO with module summaries.
200   bool shouldEmitUnifiedLTOModueFlag() const {
201     return CodeGenOpts.UnifiedLTO &&
202            (CodeGenOpts.PrepareForThinLTO || shouldEmitRegularLTOSummary());
203   }
204 
205 public:
206   EmitAssemblyHelper(DiagnosticsEngine &_Diags,
207                      const HeaderSearchOptions &HeaderSearchOpts,
208                      const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts,
209                      const clang::TargetOptions &TOpts,
210                      const LangOptions &LOpts, llvm::Module *M,
211                      IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem> VFS)
212       : Diags(_Diags), HSOpts(HeaderSearchOpts), CodeGenOpts(CGOpts),
213         TargetOpts(TOpts), LangOpts(LOpts), TheModule(M), VFS(std::move(VFS)),
214         CodeGenerationTime("codegen", "Code Generation Time"),
215         TargetTriple(TheModule->getTargetTriple()) {}
216 
217   ~EmitAssemblyHelper() {
218     if (CodeGenOpts.DisableFree)
219       BuryPointer(std::move(TM));
220   }
221 
222   std::unique_ptr<TargetMachine> TM;
223 
224   // Emit output using the new pass manager for the optimization pipeline.
225   void EmitAssembly(BackendAction Action, std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> OS,
226                     BackendConsumer *BC);
227 };
228 } // namespace
229 
230 static SanitizerCoverageOptions
231 getSancovOptsFromCGOpts(const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts) {
232   SanitizerCoverageOptions Opts;
233   Opts.CoverageType =
234       static_cast<SanitizerCoverageOptions::Type>(CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageType);
235   Opts.IndirectCalls = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageIndirectCalls;
236   Opts.TraceBB = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTraceBB;
237   Opts.TraceCmp = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTraceCmp;
238   Opts.TraceDiv = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTraceDiv;
239   Opts.TraceGep = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTraceGep;
240   Opts.Use8bitCounters = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverage8bitCounters;
241   Opts.TracePC = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTracePC;
242   Opts.TracePCGuard = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTracePCGuard;
243   Opts.NoPrune = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageNoPrune;
244   Opts.Inline8bitCounters = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageInline8bitCounters;
245   Opts.InlineBoolFlag = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageInlineBoolFlag;
246   Opts.PCTable = CGOpts.SanitizeCoveragePCTable;
247   Opts.StackDepth = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageStackDepth;
248   Opts.TraceLoads = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTraceLoads;
249   Opts.TraceStores = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageTraceStores;
250   Opts.CollectControlFlow = CGOpts.SanitizeCoverageControlFlow;
251   return Opts;
252 }
253 
254 static SanitizerBinaryMetadataOptions
255 getSanitizerBinaryMetadataOptions(const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts) {
256   SanitizerBinaryMetadataOptions Opts;
257   Opts.Covered = CGOpts.SanitizeBinaryMetadataCovered;
258   Opts.Atomics = CGOpts.SanitizeBinaryMetadataAtomics;
259   Opts.UAR = CGOpts.SanitizeBinaryMetadataUAR;
260   return Opts;
261 }
262 
263 // Check if ASan should use GC-friendly instrumentation for globals.
264 // First of all, there is no point if -fdata-sections is off (expect for MachO,
265 // where this is not a factor). Also, on ELF this feature requires an assembler
266 // extension that only works with -integrated-as at the moment.
267 static bool asanUseGlobalsGC(const Triple &T, const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts) {
268   if (!CGOpts.SanitizeAddressGlobalsDeadStripping)
269     return false;
270   switch (T.getObjectFormat()) {
271   case Triple::MachO:
272   case Triple::COFF:
273     return true;
274   case Triple::ELF:
275     return !CGOpts.DisableIntegratedAS;
276   case Triple::GOFF:
277     llvm::report_fatal_error("ASan not implemented for GOFF");
278   case Triple::XCOFF:
279     llvm::report_fatal_error("ASan not implemented for XCOFF.");
280   case Triple::Wasm:
281   case Triple::DXContainer:
282   case Triple::SPIRV:
283   case Triple::UnknownObjectFormat:
284     break;
285   }
286   return false;
287 }
288 
289 static std::optional<llvm::CodeModel::Model>
290 getCodeModel(const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts) {
291   unsigned CodeModel = llvm::StringSwitch<unsigned>(CodeGenOpts.CodeModel)
292                            .Case("tiny", llvm::CodeModel::Tiny)
293                            .Case("small", llvm::CodeModel::Small)
294                            .Case("kernel", llvm::CodeModel::Kernel)
295                            .Case("medium", llvm::CodeModel::Medium)
296                            .Case("large", llvm::CodeModel::Large)
297                            .Case("default", ~1u)
298                            .Default(~0u);
299   assert(CodeModel != ~0u && "invalid code model!");
300   if (CodeModel == ~1u)
301     return std::nullopt;
302   return static_cast<llvm::CodeModel::Model>(CodeModel);
303 }
304 
305 static CodeGenFileType getCodeGenFileType(BackendAction Action) {
306   if (Action == Backend_EmitObj)
307     return CodeGenFileType::ObjectFile;
308   else if (Action == Backend_EmitMCNull)
309     return CodeGenFileType::Null;
310   else {
311     assert(Action == Backend_EmitAssembly && "Invalid action!");
312     return CodeGenFileType::AssemblyFile;
313   }
314 }
315 
316 static bool actionRequiresCodeGen(BackendAction Action) {
317   return Action != Backend_EmitNothing && Action != Backend_EmitBC &&
318          Action != Backend_EmitLL;
319 }
320 
321 static std::string flattenClangCommandLine(ArrayRef<std::string> Args,
322                                            StringRef MainFilename) {
323   if (Args.empty())
324     return std::string{};
325 
326   std::string FlatCmdLine;
327   raw_string_ostream OS(FlatCmdLine);
328   bool PrintedOneArg = false;
329   if (!StringRef(Args[0]).contains("-cc1")) {
330     llvm::sys::printArg(OS, "-cc1", /*Quote=*/true);
331     PrintedOneArg = true;
332   }
333   for (unsigned i = 0; i < Args.size(); i++) {
334     StringRef Arg = Args[i];
335     if (Arg.empty())
336       continue;
337     if (Arg == "-main-file-name" || Arg == "-o") {
338       i++; // Skip this argument and next one.
339       continue;
340     }
341     if (Arg.starts_with("-object-file-name") || Arg == MainFilename)
342       continue;
343     // Skip fmessage-length for reproducibility.
344     if (Arg.starts_with("-fmessage-length"))
345       continue;
346     if (PrintedOneArg)
347       OS << " ";
348     llvm::sys::printArg(OS, Arg, /*Quote=*/true);
349     PrintedOneArg = true;
350   }
351   return FlatCmdLine;
352 }
353 
354 static bool initTargetOptions(DiagnosticsEngine &Diags,
355                               llvm::TargetOptions &Options,
356                               const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts,
357                               const clang::TargetOptions &TargetOpts,
358                               const LangOptions &LangOpts,
359                               const HeaderSearchOptions &HSOpts) {
360   switch (LangOpts.getThreadModel()) {
361   case LangOptions::ThreadModelKind::POSIX:
362     Options.ThreadModel = llvm::ThreadModel::POSIX;
363     break;
364   case LangOptions::ThreadModelKind::Single:
365     Options.ThreadModel = llvm::ThreadModel::Single;
366     break;
367   }
368 
369   // Set float ABI type.
370   assert((CodeGenOpts.FloatABI == "soft" || CodeGenOpts.FloatABI == "softfp" ||
371           CodeGenOpts.FloatABI == "hard" || CodeGenOpts.FloatABI.empty()) &&
372          "Invalid Floating Point ABI!");
373   Options.FloatABIType =
374       llvm::StringSwitch<llvm::FloatABI::ABIType>(CodeGenOpts.FloatABI)
375           .Case("soft", llvm::FloatABI::Soft)
376           .Case("softfp", llvm::FloatABI::Soft)
377           .Case("hard", llvm::FloatABI::Hard)
378           .Default(llvm::FloatABI::Default);
379 
380   // Set FP fusion mode.
381   switch (LangOpts.getDefaultFPContractMode()) {
382   case LangOptions::FPM_Off:
383     // Preserve any contraction performed by the front-end.  (Strict performs
384     // splitting of the muladd intrinsic in the backend.)
385     Options.AllowFPOpFusion = llvm::FPOpFusion::Standard;
386     break;
387   case LangOptions::FPM_On:
388   case LangOptions::FPM_FastHonorPragmas:
389     Options.AllowFPOpFusion = llvm::FPOpFusion::Standard;
390     break;
391   case LangOptions::FPM_Fast:
392     Options.AllowFPOpFusion = llvm::FPOpFusion::Fast;
393     break;
394   }
395 
396   Options.BinutilsVersion =
397       llvm::TargetMachine::parseBinutilsVersion(CodeGenOpts.BinutilsVersion);
398   Options.UseInitArray = CodeGenOpts.UseInitArray;
399   Options.DisableIntegratedAS = CodeGenOpts.DisableIntegratedAS;
400 
401   // Set EABI version.
402   Options.EABIVersion = TargetOpts.EABIVersion;
403 
404   if (LangOpts.hasSjLjExceptions())
405     Options.ExceptionModel = llvm::ExceptionHandling::SjLj;
406   if (LangOpts.hasSEHExceptions())
407     Options.ExceptionModel = llvm::ExceptionHandling::WinEH;
408   if (LangOpts.hasDWARFExceptions())
409     Options.ExceptionModel = llvm::ExceptionHandling::DwarfCFI;
410   if (LangOpts.hasWasmExceptions())
411     Options.ExceptionModel = llvm::ExceptionHandling::Wasm;
412 
413   Options.NoInfsFPMath = LangOpts.NoHonorInfs;
414   Options.NoNaNsFPMath = LangOpts.NoHonorNaNs;
415   Options.NoZerosInBSS = CodeGenOpts.NoZeroInitializedInBSS;
416   Options.UnsafeFPMath = LangOpts.AllowFPReassoc && LangOpts.AllowRecip &&
417                          LangOpts.NoSignedZero && LangOpts.ApproxFunc &&
418                          (LangOpts.getDefaultFPContractMode() ==
419                               LangOptions::FPModeKind::FPM_Fast ||
420                           LangOpts.getDefaultFPContractMode() ==
421                               LangOptions::FPModeKind::FPM_FastHonorPragmas);
422   Options.ApproxFuncFPMath = LangOpts.ApproxFunc;
423 
424   Options.BBAddrMap = CodeGenOpts.BBAddrMap;
425   Options.BBSections =
426       llvm::StringSwitch<llvm::BasicBlockSection>(CodeGenOpts.BBSections)
427           .Case("all", llvm::BasicBlockSection::All)
428           .StartsWith("list=", llvm::BasicBlockSection::List)
429           .Case("none", llvm::BasicBlockSection::None)
430           .Default(llvm::BasicBlockSection::None);
431 
432   if (Options.BBSections == llvm::BasicBlockSection::List) {
433     ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MBOrErr =
434         MemoryBuffer::getFile(CodeGenOpts.BBSections.substr(5));
435     if (!MBOrErr) {
436       Diags.Report(diag::err_fe_unable_to_load_basic_block_sections_file)
437           << MBOrErr.getError().message();
438       return false;
439     }
440     Options.BBSectionsFuncListBuf = std::move(*MBOrErr);
441   }
442 
443   Options.EnableMachineFunctionSplitter = CodeGenOpts.SplitMachineFunctions;
444   Options.FunctionSections = CodeGenOpts.FunctionSections;
445   Options.DataSections = CodeGenOpts.DataSections;
446   Options.IgnoreXCOFFVisibility = LangOpts.IgnoreXCOFFVisibility;
447   Options.UniqueSectionNames = CodeGenOpts.UniqueSectionNames;
448   Options.UniqueBasicBlockSectionNames =
449       CodeGenOpts.UniqueBasicBlockSectionNames;
450   Options.SeparateNamedSections = CodeGenOpts.SeparateNamedSections;
451   Options.TLSSize = CodeGenOpts.TLSSize;
452   Options.EnableTLSDESC = CodeGenOpts.EnableTLSDESC;
453   Options.EmulatedTLS = CodeGenOpts.EmulatedTLS;
454   Options.DebuggerTuning = CodeGenOpts.getDebuggerTuning();
455   Options.EmitStackSizeSection = CodeGenOpts.StackSizeSection;
456   Options.StackUsageOutput = CodeGenOpts.StackUsageOutput;
457   Options.EmitAddrsig = CodeGenOpts.Addrsig;
458   Options.ForceDwarfFrameSection = CodeGenOpts.ForceDwarfFrameSection;
459   Options.EmitCallSiteInfo = CodeGenOpts.EmitCallSiteInfo;
460   Options.EnableAIXExtendedAltivecABI = LangOpts.EnableAIXExtendedAltivecABI;
461   Options.XRayFunctionIndex = CodeGenOpts.XRayFunctionIndex;
462   Options.LoopAlignment = CodeGenOpts.LoopAlignment;
463   Options.DebugStrictDwarf = CodeGenOpts.DebugStrictDwarf;
464   Options.ObjectFilenameForDebug = CodeGenOpts.ObjectFilenameForDebug;
465   Options.Hotpatch = CodeGenOpts.HotPatch;
466   Options.JMCInstrument = CodeGenOpts.JMCInstrument;
467   Options.XCOFFReadOnlyPointers = CodeGenOpts.XCOFFReadOnlyPointers;
468 
469   switch (CodeGenOpts.getSwiftAsyncFramePointer()) {
470   case CodeGenOptions::SwiftAsyncFramePointerKind::Auto:
471     Options.SwiftAsyncFramePointer =
472         SwiftAsyncFramePointerMode::DeploymentBased;
473     break;
474 
475   case CodeGenOptions::SwiftAsyncFramePointerKind::Always:
476     Options.SwiftAsyncFramePointer = SwiftAsyncFramePointerMode::Always;
477     break;
478 
479   case CodeGenOptions::SwiftAsyncFramePointerKind::Never:
480     Options.SwiftAsyncFramePointer = SwiftAsyncFramePointerMode::Never;
481     break;
482   }
483 
484   Options.MCOptions.SplitDwarfFile = CodeGenOpts.SplitDwarfFile;
485   Options.MCOptions.EmitDwarfUnwind = CodeGenOpts.getEmitDwarfUnwind();
486   Options.MCOptions.EmitCompactUnwindNonCanonical =
487       CodeGenOpts.EmitCompactUnwindNonCanonical;
488   Options.MCOptions.MCRelaxAll = CodeGenOpts.RelaxAll;
489   Options.MCOptions.MCSaveTempLabels = CodeGenOpts.SaveTempLabels;
490   Options.MCOptions.MCUseDwarfDirectory =
491       CodeGenOpts.NoDwarfDirectoryAsm
492           ? llvm::MCTargetOptions::DisableDwarfDirectory
493           : llvm::MCTargetOptions::EnableDwarfDirectory;
494   Options.MCOptions.MCNoExecStack = CodeGenOpts.NoExecStack;
495   Options.MCOptions.MCIncrementalLinkerCompatible =
496       CodeGenOpts.IncrementalLinkerCompatible;
497   Options.MCOptions.MCFatalWarnings = CodeGenOpts.FatalWarnings;
498   Options.MCOptions.MCNoWarn = CodeGenOpts.NoWarn;
499   Options.MCOptions.AsmVerbose = CodeGenOpts.AsmVerbose;
500   Options.MCOptions.Dwarf64 = CodeGenOpts.Dwarf64;
501   Options.MCOptions.PreserveAsmComments = CodeGenOpts.PreserveAsmComments;
502   Options.MCOptions.Crel = CodeGenOpts.Crel;
503   Options.MCOptions.ImplicitMapSyms = CodeGenOpts.ImplicitMapSyms;
504   Options.MCOptions.X86RelaxRelocations = CodeGenOpts.X86RelaxRelocations;
505   Options.MCOptions.CompressDebugSections =
506       CodeGenOpts.getCompressDebugSections();
507   if (CodeGenOpts.OutputAsmVariant != 3) // 3 (default): not specified
508     Options.MCOptions.OutputAsmVariant = CodeGenOpts.OutputAsmVariant;
509   Options.MCOptions.ABIName = TargetOpts.ABI;
510   for (const auto &Entry : HSOpts.UserEntries)
511     if (!Entry.IsFramework &&
512         (Entry.Group == frontend::IncludeDirGroup::Quoted ||
513          Entry.Group == frontend::IncludeDirGroup::Angled ||
514          Entry.Group == frontend::IncludeDirGroup::System))
515       Options.MCOptions.IASSearchPaths.push_back(
516           Entry.IgnoreSysRoot ? Entry.Path : HSOpts.Sysroot + Entry.Path);
517   Options.MCOptions.Argv0 = CodeGenOpts.Argv0 ? CodeGenOpts.Argv0 : "";
518   Options.MCOptions.CommandlineArgs = flattenClangCommandLine(
519       CodeGenOpts.CommandLineArgs, CodeGenOpts.MainFileName);
520   Options.MCOptions.AsSecureLogFile = CodeGenOpts.AsSecureLogFile;
521   Options.MCOptions.PPCUseFullRegisterNames =
522       CodeGenOpts.PPCUseFullRegisterNames;
523   Options.MisExpect = CodeGenOpts.MisExpect;
524 
525   return true;
526 }
527 
528 static std::optional<GCOVOptions>
529 getGCOVOptions(const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts, const LangOptions &LangOpts) {
530   if (CodeGenOpts.CoverageNotesFile.empty() &&
531       CodeGenOpts.CoverageDataFile.empty())
532     return std::nullopt;
533   // Not using 'GCOVOptions::getDefault' allows us to avoid exiting if
534   // LLVM's -default-gcov-version flag is set to something invalid.
535   GCOVOptions Options;
536   Options.EmitNotes = !CodeGenOpts.CoverageNotesFile.empty();
537   Options.EmitData = !CodeGenOpts.CoverageDataFile.empty();
538   llvm::copy(CodeGenOpts.CoverageVersion, std::begin(Options.Version));
539   Options.NoRedZone = CodeGenOpts.DisableRedZone;
540   Options.Filter = CodeGenOpts.ProfileFilterFiles;
541   Options.Exclude = CodeGenOpts.ProfileExcludeFiles;
542   Options.Atomic = CodeGenOpts.AtomicProfileUpdate;
543   return Options;
544 }
545 
546 static std::optional<InstrProfOptions>
547 getInstrProfOptions(const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts,
548                     const LangOptions &LangOpts) {
549   if (!CodeGenOpts.hasProfileClangInstr())
550     return std::nullopt;
551   InstrProfOptions Options;
552   Options.NoRedZone = CodeGenOpts.DisableRedZone;
553   Options.InstrProfileOutput = CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput;
554   Options.Atomic = CodeGenOpts.AtomicProfileUpdate;
555   return Options;
556 }
557 
558 static void setCommandLineOpts(const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts) {
559   SmallVector<const char *, 16> BackendArgs;
560   BackendArgs.push_back("clang"); // Fake program name.
561   if (!CodeGenOpts.DebugPass.empty()) {
562     BackendArgs.push_back("-debug-pass");
563     BackendArgs.push_back(CodeGenOpts.DebugPass.c_str());
564   }
565   if (!CodeGenOpts.LimitFloatPrecision.empty()) {
566     BackendArgs.push_back("-limit-float-precision");
567     BackendArgs.push_back(CodeGenOpts.LimitFloatPrecision.c_str());
568   }
569   // Check for the default "clang" invocation that won't set any cl::opt values.
570   // Skip trying to parse the command line invocation to avoid the issues
571   // described below.
572   if (BackendArgs.size() == 1)
573     return;
574   BackendArgs.push_back(nullptr);
575   // FIXME: The command line parser below is not thread-safe and shares a global
576   // state, so this call might crash or overwrite the options of another Clang
577   // instance in the same process.
578   llvm::cl::ParseCommandLineOptions(BackendArgs.size() - 1,
579                                     BackendArgs.data());
580 }
581 
582 void EmitAssemblyHelper::CreateTargetMachine(bool MustCreateTM) {
583   // Create the TargetMachine for generating code.
584   std::string Error;
585   std::string Triple = TheModule->getTargetTriple();
586   const llvm::Target *TheTarget = TargetRegistry::lookupTarget(Triple, Error);
587   if (!TheTarget) {
588     if (MustCreateTM)
589       Diags.Report(diag::err_fe_unable_to_create_target) << Error;
590     return;
591   }
592 
593   std::optional<llvm::CodeModel::Model> CM = getCodeModel(CodeGenOpts);
594   std::string FeaturesStr =
595       llvm::join(TargetOpts.Features.begin(), TargetOpts.Features.end(), ",");
596   llvm::Reloc::Model RM = CodeGenOpts.RelocationModel;
597   std::optional<CodeGenOptLevel> OptLevelOrNone =
598       CodeGenOpt::getLevel(CodeGenOpts.OptimizationLevel);
599   assert(OptLevelOrNone && "Invalid optimization level!");
600   CodeGenOptLevel OptLevel = *OptLevelOrNone;
601 
602   llvm::TargetOptions Options;
603   if (!initTargetOptions(Diags, Options, CodeGenOpts, TargetOpts, LangOpts,
604                          HSOpts))
605     return;
606   TM.reset(TheTarget->createTargetMachine(Triple, TargetOpts.CPU, FeaturesStr,
607                                           Options, RM, CM, OptLevel));
608   TM->setLargeDataThreshold(CodeGenOpts.LargeDataThreshold);
609 }
610 
611 bool EmitAssemblyHelper::AddEmitPasses(legacy::PassManager &CodeGenPasses,
612                                        BackendAction Action,
613                                        raw_pwrite_stream &OS,
614                                        raw_pwrite_stream *DwoOS) {
615   // Add LibraryInfo.
616   std::unique_ptr<TargetLibraryInfoImpl> TLII(
617       llvm::driver::createTLII(TargetTriple, CodeGenOpts.getVecLib()));
618   CodeGenPasses.add(new TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass(*TLII));
619 
620   // Normal mode, emit a .s or .o file by running the code generator. Note,
621   // this also adds codegenerator level optimization passes.
622   CodeGenFileType CGFT = getCodeGenFileType(Action);
623 
624   if (TM->addPassesToEmitFile(CodeGenPasses, OS, DwoOS, CGFT,
625                               /*DisableVerify=*/!CodeGenOpts.VerifyModule)) {
626     Diags.Report(diag::err_fe_unable_to_interface_with_target);
627     return false;
628   }
629 
630   return true;
631 }
632 
633 static OptimizationLevel mapToLevel(const CodeGenOptions &Opts) {
634   switch (Opts.OptimizationLevel) {
635   default:
636     llvm_unreachable("Invalid optimization level!");
637 
638   case 0:
639     return OptimizationLevel::O0;
640 
641   case 1:
642     return OptimizationLevel::O1;
643 
644   case 2:
645     switch (Opts.OptimizeSize) {
646     default:
647       llvm_unreachable("Invalid optimization level for size!");
648 
649     case 0:
650       return OptimizationLevel::O2;
651 
652     case 1:
653       return OptimizationLevel::Os;
654 
655     case 2:
656       return OptimizationLevel::Oz;
657     }
658 
659   case 3:
660     return OptimizationLevel::O3;
661   }
662 }
663 
664 static void addKCFIPass(const Triple &TargetTriple, const LangOptions &LangOpts,
665                         PassBuilder &PB) {
666   // If the back-end supports KCFI operand bundle lowering, skip KCFIPass.
667   if (TargetTriple.getArch() == llvm::Triple::x86_64 ||
668       TargetTriple.isAArch64(64) || TargetTriple.isRISCV())
669     return;
670 
671   // Ensure we lower KCFI operand bundles with -O0.
672   PB.registerOptimizerLastEPCallback(
673       [&](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level, ThinOrFullLTOPhase) {
674         if (Level == OptimizationLevel::O0 &&
675             LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::KCFI))
676           MPM.addPass(createModuleToFunctionPassAdaptor(KCFIPass()));
677       });
678 
679   // When optimizations are requested, run KCIFPass after InstCombine to
680   // avoid unnecessary checks.
681   PB.registerPeepholeEPCallback(
682       [&](FunctionPassManager &FPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
683         if (Level != OptimizationLevel::O0 &&
684             LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::KCFI))
685           FPM.addPass(KCFIPass());
686       });
687 }
688 
689 static void addSanitizers(const Triple &TargetTriple,
690                           const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts,
691                           const LangOptions &LangOpts, PassBuilder &PB) {
692   auto SanitizersCallback = [&](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level,
693                                 ThinOrFullLTOPhase) {
694     if (CodeGenOpts.hasSanitizeCoverage()) {
695       auto SancovOpts = getSancovOptsFromCGOpts(CodeGenOpts);
696       MPM.addPass(SanitizerCoveragePass(
697           SancovOpts, CodeGenOpts.SanitizeCoverageAllowlistFiles,
698           CodeGenOpts.SanitizeCoverageIgnorelistFiles));
699     }
700 
701     if (CodeGenOpts.hasSanitizeBinaryMetadata()) {
702       MPM.addPass(SanitizerBinaryMetadataPass(
703           getSanitizerBinaryMetadataOptions(CodeGenOpts),
704           CodeGenOpts.SanitizeMetadataIgnorelistFiles));
705     }
706 
707     auto MSanPass = [&](SanitizerMask Mask, bool CompileKernel) {
708       if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(Mask)) {
709         int TrackOrigins = CodeGenOpts.SanitizeMemoryTrackOrigins;
710         bool Recover = CodeGenOpts.SanitizeRecover.has(Mask);
711 
712         MemorySanitizerOptions options(TrackOrigins, Recover, CompileKernel,
713                                        CodeGenOpts.SanitizeMemoryParamRetval);
714         MPM.addPass(MemorySanitizerPass(options));
715         if (Level != OptimizationLevel::O0) {
716           // MemorySanitizer inserts complex instrumentation that mostly follows
717           // the logic of the original code, but operates on "shadow" values. It
718           // can benefit from re-running some general purpose optimization
719           // passes.
720           MPM.addPass(RequireAnalysisPass<GlobalsAA, llvm::Module>());
721           FunctionPassManager FPM;
722           FPM.addPass(EarlyCSEPass(true /* Enable mem-ssa. */));
723           FPM.addPass(InstCombinePass());
724           FPM.addPass(JumpThreadingPass());
725           FPM.addPass(GVNPass());
726           FPM.addPass(InstCombinePass());
727           MPM.addPass(createModuleToFunctionPassAdaptor(std::move(FPM)));
728         }
729       }
730     };
731     MSanPass(SanitizerKind::Memory, false);
732     MSanPass(SanitizerKind::KernelMemory, true);
733 
734     if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::Thread)) {
735       MPM.addPass(ModuleThreadSanitizerPass());
736       MPM.addPass(createModuleToFunctionPassAdaptor(ThreadSanitizerPass()));
737     }
738 
739     if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::Type)) {
740       MPM.addPass(ModuleTypeSanitizerPass());
741       MPM.addPass(createModuleToFunctionPassAdaptor(TypeSanitizerPass()));
742     }
743 
744     if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::NumericalStability))
745       MPM.addPass(NumericalStabilitySanitizerPass());
746 
747     if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::Realtime))
748       MPM.addPass(RealtimeSanitizerPass());
749 
750     auto ASanPass = [&](SanitizerMask Mask, bool CompileKernel) {
751       if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(Mask)) {
752         bool UseGlobalGC = asanUseGlobalsGC(TargetTriple, CodeGenOpts);
753         bool UseOdrIndicator = CodeGenOpts.SanitizeAddressUseOdrIndicator;
754         llvm::AsanDtorKind DestructorKind =
755             CodeGenOpts.getSanitizeAddressDtor();
756         AddressSanitizerOptions Opts;
757         Opts.CompileKernel = CompileKernel;
758         Opts.Recover = CodeGenOpts.SanitizeRecover.has(Mask);
759         Opts.UseAfterScope = CodeGenOpts.SanitizeAddressUseAfterScope;
760         Opts.UseAfterReturn = CodeGenOpts.getSanitizeAddressUseAfterReturn();
761         MPM.addPass(AddressSanitizerPass(Opts, UseGlobalGC, UseOdrIndicator,
762                                          DestructorKind));
763       }
764     };
765     ASanPass(SanitizerKind::Address, false);
766     ASanPass(SanitizerKind::KernelAddress, true);
767 
768     auto HWASanPass = [&](SanitizerMask Mask, bool CompileKernel) {
769       if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(Mask)) {
770         bool Recover = CodeGenOpts.SanitizeRecover.has(Mask);
771         MPM.addPass(HWAddressSanitizerPass(
772             {CompileKernel, Recover,
773              /*DisableOptimization=*/CodeGenOpts.OptimizationLevel == 0}));
774       }
775     };
776     HWASanPass(SanitizerKind::HWAddress, false);
777     HWASanPass(SanitizerKind::KernelHWAddress, true);
778 
779     if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::DataFlow)) {
780       MPM.addPass(DataFlowSanitizerPass(LangOpts.NoSanitizeFiles));
781     }
782   };
783   if (ClSanitizeOnOptimizerEarlyEP) {
784     PB.registerOptimizerEarlyEPCallback(
785         [SanitizersCallback](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level,
786                              ThinOrFullLTOPhase Phase) {
787           ModulePassManager NewMPM;
788           SanitizersCallback(NewMPM, Level, Phase);
789           if (!NewMPM.isEmpty()) {
790             // Sanitizers can abandon<GlobalsAA>.
791             NewMPM.addPass(RequireAnalysisPass<GlobalsAA, llvm::Module>());
792             MPM.addPass(std::move(NewMPM));
793           }
794         });
795   } else {
796     // LastEP does not need GlobalsAA.
797     PB.registerOptimizerLastEPCallback(SanitizersCallback);
798   }
799 
800   if (LowerAllowCheckPass::IsRequested()) {
801     // We want to call it after inline, which is about OptimizerEarlyEPCallback.
802     PB.registerOptimizerEarlyEPCallback([](ModulePassManager &MPM,
803                                            OptimizationLevel Level,
804                                            ThinOrFullLTOPhase Phase) {
805       MPM.addPass(createModuleToFunctionPassAdaptor(LowerAllowCheckPass()));
806     });
807   }
808 }
809 
810 void EmitAssemblyHelper::RunOptimizationPipeline(
811     BackendAction Action, std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> &OS,
812     std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile> &ThinLinkOS, BackendConsumer *BC) {
813   std::optional<PGOOptions> PGOOpt;
814 
815   if (CodeGenOpts.hasProfileIRInstr())
816     // -fprofile-generate.
817     PGOOpt = PGOOptions(
818         CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput.empty() ? getDefaultProfileGenName()
819                                                : CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput,
820         "", "", CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, nullptr, PGOOptions::IRInstr,
821         PGOOptions::NoCSAction, ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
822         CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling,
823         /*PseudoProbeForProfiling=*/false, CodeGenOpts.AtomicProfileUpdate);
824   else if (CodeGenOpts.hasProfileIRUse()) {
825     // -fprofile-use.
826     auto CSAction = CodeGenOpts.hasProfileCSIRUse() ? PGOOptions::CSIRUse
827                                                     : PGOOptions::NoCSAction;
828     PGOOpt = PGOOptions(CodeGenOpts.ProfileInstrumentUsePath, "",
829                         CodeGenOpts.ProfileRemappingFile,
830                         CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS,
831                         PGOOptions::IRUse, CSAction, ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
832                         CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling);
833   } else if (!CodeGenOpts.SampleProfileFile.empty())
834     // -fprofile-sample-use
835     PGOOpt = PGOOptions(
836         CodeGenOpts.SampleProfileFile, "", CodeGenOpts.ProfileRemappingFile,
837         CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS, PGOOptions::SampleUse,
838         PGOOptions::NoCSAction, ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
839         CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling, CodeGenOpts.PseudoProbeForProfiling);
840   else if (!CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath.empty())
841     // -fmemory-profile-use (without any of the above options)
842     PGOOpt = PGOOptions("", "", "", CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS,
843                         PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
844                         ClPGOColdFuncAttr, CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling);
845   else if (CodeGenOpts.PseudoProbeForProfiling)
846     // -fpseudo-probe-for-profiling
847     PGOOpt =
848         PGOOptions("", "", "", /*MemoryProfile=*/"", nullptr,
849                    PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
850                    ClPGOColdFuncAttr, CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling, true);
851   else if (CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling)
852     // -fdebug-info-for-profiling
853     PGOOpt = PGOOptions("", "", "", /*MemoryProfile=*/"", nullptr,
854                         PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
855                         ClPGOColdFuncAttr, true);
856 
857   // Check to see if we want to generate a CS profile.
858   if (CodeGenOpts.hasProfileCSIRInstr()) {
859     assert(!CodeGenOpts.hasProfileCSIRUse() &&
860            "Cannot have both CSProfileUse pass and CSProfileGen pass at "
861            "the same time");
862     if (PGOOpt) {
863       assert(PGOOpt->Action != PGOOptions::IRInstr &&
864              PGOOpt->Action != PGOOptions::SampleUse &&
865              "Cannot run CSProfileGen pass with ProfileGen or SampleUse "
866              " pass");
867       PGOOpt->CSProfileGenFile = CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput.empty()
868                                      ? getDefaultProfileGenName()
869                                      : CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput;
870       PGOOpt->CSAction = PGOOptions::CSIRInstr;
871     } else
872       PGOOpt = PGOOptions("",
873                           CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput.empty()
874                               ? getDefaultProfileGenName()
875                               : CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput,
876                           "", /*MemoryProfile=*/"", nullptr,
877                           PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::CSIRInstr,
878                           ClPGOColdFuncAttr, CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling);
879   }
880   if (TM)
881     TM->setPGOOption(PGOOpt);
882 
883   PipelineTuningOptions PTO;
884   PTO.LoopUnrolling = CodeGenOpts.UnrollLoops;
885   // For historical reasons, loop interleaving is set to mirror setting for loop
886   // unrolling.
887   PTO.LoopInterleaving = CodeGenOpts.UnrollLoops;
888   PTO.LoopVectorization = CodeGenOpts.VectorizeLoop;
889   PTO.SLPVectorization = CodeGenOpts.VectorizeSLP;
890   PTO.MergeFunctions = CodeGenOpts.MergeFunctions;
891   // Only enable CGProfilePass when using integrated assembler, since
892   // non-integrated assemblers don't recognize .cgprofile section.
893   PTO.CallGraphProfile = !CodeGenOpts.DisableIntegratedAS;
894   PTO.UnifiedLTO = CodeGenOpts.UnifiedLTO;
895 
896   LoopAnalysisManager LAM;
897   FunctionAnalysisManager FAM;
898   CGSCCAnalysisManager CGAM;
899   ModuleAnalysisManager MAM;
900 
901   bool DebugPassStructure = CodeGenOpts.DebugPass == "Structure";
902   PassInstrumentationCallbacks PIC;
903   PrintPassOptions PrintPassOpts;
904   PrintPassOpts.Indent = DebugPassStructure;
905   PrintPassOpts.SkipAnalyses = DebugPassStructure;
906   StandardInstrumentations SI(
907       TheModule->getContext(),
908       (CodeGenOpts.DebugPassManager || DebugPassStructure),
909       CodeGenOpts.VerifyEach, PrintPassOpts);
910   SI.registerCallbacks(PIC, &MAM);
911   PassBuilder PB(TM.get(), PTO, PGOOpt, &PIC);
912 
913   // Handle the assignment tracking feature options.
914   switch (CodeGenOpts.getAssignmentTrackingMode()) {
915   case CodeGenOptions::AssignmentTrackingOpts::Forced:
916     PB.registerPipelineStartEPCallback(
917         [&](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
918           MPM.addPass(AssignmentTrackingPass());
919         });
920     break;
921   case CodeGenOptions::AssignmentTrackingOpts::Enabled:
922     // Disable assignment tracking in LTO builds for now as the performance
923     // cost is too high. Disable for LLDB tuning due to llvm.org/PR43126.
924     if (!CodeGenOpts.PrepareForThinLTO && !CodeGenOpts.PrepareForLTO &&
925         CodeGenOpts.getDebuggerTuning() != llvm::DebuggerKind::LLDB) {
926       PB.registerPipelineStartEPCallback(
927           [&](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
928             // Only use assignment tracking if optimisations are enabled.
929             if (Level != OptimizationLevel::O0)
930               MPM.addPass(AssignmentTrackingPass());
931           });
932     }
933     break;
934   case CodeGenOptions::AssignmentTrackingOpts::Disabled:
935     break;
936   }
937 
938   // Enable verify-debuginfo-preserve-each for new PM.
939   DebugifyEachInstrumentation Debugify;
940   DebugInfoPerPass DebugInfoBeforePass;
941   if (CodeGenOpts.EnableDIPreservationVerify) {
942     Debugify.setDebugifyMode(DebugifyMode::OriginalDebugInfo);
943     Debugify.setDebugInfoBeforePass(DebugInfoBeforePass);
944 
945     if (!CodeGenOpts.DIBugsReportFilePath.empty())
946       Debugify.setOrigDIVerifyBugsReportFilePath(
947           CodeGenOpts.DIBugsReportFilePath);
948     Debugify.registerCallbacks(PIC, MAM);
949   }
950   // Attempt to load pass plugins and register their callbacks with PB.
951   for (auto &PluginFN : CodeGenOpts.PassPlugins) {
952     auto PassPlugin = PassPlugin::Load(PluginFN);
953     if (PassPlugin) {
954       PassPlugin->registerPassBuilderCallbacks(PB);
955     } else {
956       Diags.Report(diag::err_fe_unable_to_load_plugin)
957           << PluginFN << toString(PassPlugin.takeError());
958     }
959   }
960   for (const auto &PassCallback : CodeGenOpts.PassBuilderCallbacks)
961     PassCallback(PB);
962 #define HANDLE_EXTENSION(Ext)                                                  \
963   get##Ext##PluginInfo().RegisterPassBuilderCallbacks(PB);
964 #include "llvm/Support/Extension.def"
965 
966   // Register the target library analysis directly and give it a customized
967   // preset TLI.
968   std::unique_ptr<TargetLibraryInfoImpl> TLII(
969       llvm::driver::createTLII(TargetTriple, CodeGenOpts.getVecLib()));
970   FAM.registerPass([&] { return TargetLibraryAnalysis(*TLII); });
971 
972   // Register all the basic analyses with the managers.
973   PB.registerModuleAnalyses(MAM);
974   PB.registerCGSCCAnalyses(CGAM);
975   PB.registerFunctionAnalyses(FAM);
976   PB.registerLoopAnalyses(LAM);
977   PB.crossRegisterProxies(LAM, FAM, CGAM, MAM);
978 
979   ModulePassManager MPM;
980   // Add a verifier pass, before any other passes, to catch CodeGen issues.
981   if (CodeGenOpts.VerifyModule)
982     MPM.addPass(VerifierPass());
983 
984   if (!CodeGenOpts.DisableLLVMPasses) {
985     // Map our optimization levels into one of the distinct levels used to
986     // configure the pipeline.
987     OptimizationLevel Level = mapToLevel(CodeGenOpts);
988 
989     const bool PrepareForThinLTO = CodeGenOpts.PrepareForThinLTO;
990     const bool PrepareForLTO = CodeGenOpts.PrepareForLTO;
991 
992     if (LangOpts.ObjCAutoRefCount) {
993       PB.registerPipelineStartEPCallback(
994           [](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
995             if (Level != OptimizationLevel::O0)
996               MPM.addPass(
997                   createModuleToFunctionPassAdaptor(ObjCARCExpandPass()));
998           });
999       PB.registerPipelineEarlySimplificationEPCallback(
1000           [](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level,
1001              ThinOrFullLTOPhase) {
1002             if (Level != OptimizationLevel::O0)
1003               MPM.addPass(ObjCARCAPElimPass());
1004           });
1005       PB.registerScalarOptimizerLateEPCallback(
1006           [](FunctionPassManager &FPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
1007             if (Level != OptimizationLevel::O0)
1008               FPM.addPass(ObjCARCOptPass());
1009           });
1010     }
1011 
1012     // If we reached here with a non-empty index file name, then the index
1013     // file was empty and we are not performing ThinLTO backend compilation
1014     // (used in testing in a distributed build environment).
1015     bool IsThinLTOPostLink = !CodeGenOpts.ThinLTOIndexFile.empty();
1016     // If so drop any the type test assume sequences inserted for whole program
1017     // vtables so that codegen doesn't complain.
1018     if (IsThinLTOPostLink)
1019       PB.registerPipelineStartEPCallback(
1020           [](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
1021             MPM.addPass(LowerTypeTestsPass(
1022                 /*ExportSummary=*/nullptr,
1023                 /*ImportSummary=*/nullptr,
1024                 /*DropTypeTests=*/lowertypetests::DropTestKind::Assume));
1025           });
1026 
1027     // Register callbacks to schedule sanitizer passes at the appropriate part
1028     // of the pipeline.
1029     if (LangOpts.Sanitize.has(SanitizerKind::LocalBounds))
1030       PB.registerScalarOptimizerLateEPCallback(
1031           [](FunctionPassManager &FPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
1032             FPM.addPass(
1033                 BoundsCheckingPass(BoundsCheckingPass::ReportingMode::Trap));
1034           });
1035 
1036     // Don't add sanitizers if we are here from ThinLTO PostLink. That already
1037     // done on PreLink stage.
1038     if (!IsThinLTOPostLink) {
1039       addSanitizers(TargetTriple, CodeGenOpts, LangOpts, PB);
1040       addKCFIPass(TargetTriple, LangOpts, PB);
1041     }
1042 
1043     if (std::optional<GCOVOptions> Options =
1044             getGCOVOptions(CodeGenOpts, LangOpts))
1045       PB.registerPipelineStartEPCallback(
1046           [Options](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
1047             MPM.addPass(GCOVProfilerPass(*Options));
1048           });
1049     if (std::optional<InstrProfOptions> Options =
1050             getInstrProfOptions(CodeGenOpts, LangOpts))
1051       PB.registerPipelineStartEPCallback(
1052           [Options](ModulePassManager &MPM, OptimizationLevel Level) {
1053             MPM.addPass(InstrProfilingLoweringPass(*Options, false));
1054           });
1055 
1056     // TODO: Consider passing the MemoryProfileOutput to the pass builder via
1057     // the PGOOptions, and set this up there.
1058     if (!CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileOutput.empty()) {
1059       PB.registerOptimizerLastEPCallback([](ModulePassManager &MPM,
1060                                             OptimizationLevel Level,
1061                                             ThinOrFullLTOPhase) {
1062         MPM.addPass(createModuleToFunctionPassAdaptor(MemProfilerPass()));
1063         MPM.addPass(ModuleMemProfilerPass());
1064       });
1065     }
1066 
1067     if (CodeGenOpts.FatLTO) {
1068       MPM.addPass(PB.buildFatLTODefaultPipeline(
1069           Level, PrepareForThinLTO,
1070           PrepareForThinLTO || shouldEmitRegularLTOSummary()));
1071     } else if (PrepareForThinLTO) {
1072       MPM.addPass(PB.buildThinLTOPreLinkDefaultPipeline(Level));
1073     } else if (PrepareForLTO) {
1074       MPM.addPass(PB.buildLTOPreLinkDefaultPipeline(Level));
1075     } else {
1076       MPM.addPass(PB.buildPerModuleDefaultPipeline(Level));
1077     }
1078   }
1079 
1080   // Link against bitcodes supplied via the -mlink-builtin-bitcode option
1081   if (CodeGenOpts.LinkBitcodePostopt)
1082     MPM.addPass(LinkInModulesPass(BC));
1083 
1084   // Add a verifier pass if requested. We don't have to do this if the action
1085   // requires code generation because there will already be a verifier pass in
1086   // the code-generation pipeline.
1087   // Since we already added a verifier pass above, this
1088   // might even not run the analysis, if previous passes caused no changes.
1089   if (!actionRequiresCodeGen(Action) && CodeGenOpts.VerifyModule)
1090     MPM.addPass(VerifierPass());
1091 
1092   if (Action == Backend_EmitBC || Action == Backend_EmitLL ||
1093       CodeGenOpts.FatLTO) {
1094     if (CodeGenOpts.PrepareForThinLTO && !CodeGenOpts.DisableLLVMPasses) {
1095       if (!TheModule->getModuleFlag("EnableSplitLTOUnit"))
1096         TheModule->addModuleFlag(llvm::Module::Error, "EnableSplitLTOUnit",
1097                                  CodeGenOpts.EnableSplitLTOUnit);
1098       if (Action == Backend_EmitBC) {
1099         if (!CodeGenOpts.ThinLinkBitcodeFile.empty()) {
1100           ThinLinkOS = openOutputFile(CodeGenOpts.ThinLinkBitcodeFile);
1101           if (!ThinLinkOS)
1102             return;
1103         }
1104         MPM.addPass(ThinLTOBitcodeWriterPass(
1105             *OS, ThinLinkOS ? &ThinLinkOS->os() : nullptr));
1106       } else if (Action == Backend_EmitLL) {
1107         MPM.addPass(PrintModulePass(*OS, "", CodeGenOpts.EmitLLVMUseLists,
1108                                     /*EmitLTOSummary=*/true));
1109       }
1110     } else {
1111       // Emit a module summary by default for Regular LTO except for ld64
1112       // targets
1113       bool EmitLTOSummary = shouldEmitRegularLTOSummary();
1114       if (EmitLTOSummary) {
1115         if (!TheModule->getModuleFlag("ThinLTO") && !CodeGenOpts.UnifiedLTO)
1116           TheModule->addModuleFlag(llvm::Module::Error, "ThinLTO", uint32_t(0));
1117         if (!TheModule->getModuleFlag("EnableSplitLTOUnit"))
1118           TheModule->addModuleFlag(llvm::Module::Error, "EnableSplitLTOUnit",
1119                                    uint32_t(1));
1120       }
1121       if (Action == Backend_EmitBC) {
1122         MPM.addPass(BitcodeWriterPass(*OS, CodeGenOpts.EmitLLVMUseLists,
1123                                       EmitLTOSummary));
1124       } else if (Action == Backend_EmitLL) {
1125         MPM.addPass(PrintModulePass(*OS, "", CodeGenOpts.EmitLLVMUseLists,
1126                                     EmitLTOSummary));
1127       }
1128     }
1129 
1130     if (shouldEmitUnifiedLTOModueFlag())
1131       TheModule->addModuleFlag(llvm::Module::Error, "UnifiedLTO", uint32_t(1));
1132   }
1133 
1134   // FIXME: This should eventually be replaced by a first-class driver option.
1135   // This should be done for both clang and flang simultaneously.
1136   // Print a textual, '-passes=' compatible, representation of pipeline if
1137   // requested.
1138   if (PrintPipelinePasses) {
1139     MPM.printPipeline(outs(), [&PIC](StringRef ClassName) {
1140       auto PassName = PIC.getPassNameForClassName(ClassName);
1141       return PassName.empty() ? ClassName : PassName;
1142     });
1143     outs() << "\n";
1144     return;
1145   }
1146 
1147   if (LangOpts.HIPStdPar && !LangOpts.CUDAIsDevice &&
1148       LangOpts.HIPStdParInterposeAlloc)
1149     MPM.addPass(HipStdParAllocationInterpositionPass());
1150 
1151   // Now that we have all of the passes ready, run them.
1152   {
1153     PrettyStackTraceString CrashInfo("Optimizer");
1154     llvm::TimeTraceScope TimeScope("Optimizer");
1155     MPM.run(*TheModule, MAM);
1156   }
1157 }
1158 
1159 void EmitAssemblyHelper::RunCodegenPipeline(
1160     BackendAction Action, std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> &OS,
1161     std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile> &DwoOS) {
1162   // We still use the legacy PM to run the codegen pipeline since the new PM
1163   // does not work with the codegen pipeline.
1164   // FIXME: make the new PM work with the codegen pipeline.
1165   legacy::PassManager CodeGenPasses;
1166 
1167   // Append any output we need to the pass manager.
1168   switch (Action) {
1169   case Backend_EmitAssembly:
1170   case Backend_EmitMCNull:
1171   case Backend_EmitObj:
1172     CodeGenPasses.add(
1173         createTargetTransformInfoWrapperPass(getTargetIRAnalysis()));
1174     if (!CodeGenOpts.SplitDwarfOutput.empty()) {
1175       DwoOS = openOutputFile(CodeGenOpts.SplitDwarfOutput);
1176       if (!DwoOS)
1177         return;
1178     }
1179     if (!AddEmitPasses(CodeGenPasses, Action, *OS,
1180                        DwoOS ? &DwoOS->os() : nullptr))
1181       // FIXME: Should we handle this error differently?
1182       return;
1183     break;
1184   default:
1185     return;
1186   }
1187 
1188   // If -print-pipeline-passes is requested, don't run the legacy pass manager.
1189   // FIXME: when codegen is switched to use the new pass manager, it should also
1190   // emit pass names here.
1191   if (PrintPipelinePasses) {
1192     return;
1193   }
1194 
1195   {
1196     PrettyStackTraceString CrashInfo("Code generation");
1197     llvm::TimeTraceScope TimeScope("CodeGenPasses");
1198     CodeGenPasses.run(*TheModule);
1199   }
1200 }
1201 
1202 void EmitAssemblyHelper::EmitAssembly(BackendAction Action,
1203                                       std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> OS,
1204                                       BackendConsumer *BC) {
1205   TimeRegion Region(CodeGenOpts.TimePasses ? &CodeGenerationTime : nullptr);
1206   setCommandLineOpts(CodeGenOpts);
1207 
1208   bool RequiresCodeGen = actionRequiresCodeGen(Action);
1209   CreateTargetMachine(RequiresCodeGen);
1210 
1211   if (RequiresCodeGen && !TM)
1212     return;
1213   if (TM)
1214     TheModule->setDataLayout(TM->createDataLayout());
1215 
1216   // Before executing passes, print the final values of the LLVM options.
1217   cl::PrintOptionValues();
1218 
1219   std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile> ThinLinkOS, DwoOS;
1220   RunOptimizationPipeline(Action, OS, ThinLinkOS, BC);
1221   RunCodegenPipeline(Action, OS, DwoOS);
1222 
1223   if (ThinLinkOS)
1224     ThinLinkOS->keep();
1225   if (DwoOS)
1226     DwoOS->keep();
1227 }
1228 
1229 static void runThinLTOBackend(
1230     DiagnosticsEngine &Diags, ModuleSummaryIndex *CombinedIndex,
1231     llvm::Module *M, const HeaderSearchOptions &HeaderOpts,
1232     const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts, const clang::TargetOptions &TOpts,
1233     const LangOptions &LOpts, std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> OS,
1234     std::string SampleProfile, std::string ProfileRemapping,
1235     BackendAction Action) {
1236   DenseMap<StringRef, DenseMap<GlobalValue::GUID, GlobalValueSummary *>>
1237       ModuleToDefinedGVSummaries;
1238   CombinedIndex->collectDefinedGVSummariesPerModule(ModuleToDefinedGVSummaries);
1239 
1240   setCommandLineOpts(CGOpts);
1241 
1242   // We can simply import the values mentioned in the combined index, since
1243   // we should only invoke this using the individual indexes written out
1244   // via a WriteIndexesThinBackend.
1245   FunctionImporter::ImportIDTable ImportIDs;
1246   FunctionImporter::ImportMapTy ImportList(ImportIDs);
1247   if (!lto::initImportList(*M, *CombinedIndex, ImportList))
1248     return;
1249 
1250   auto AddStream = [&](size_t Task, const Twine &ModuleName) {
1251     return std::make_unique<CachedFileStream>(std::move(OS),
1252                                               CGOpts.ObjectFilenameForDebug);
1253   };
1254   lto::Config Conf;
1255   if (CGOpts.SaveTempsFilePrefix != "") {
1256     if (Error E = Conf.addSaveTemps(CGOpts.SaveTempsFilePrefix + ".",
1257                                     /* UseInputModulePath */ false)) {
1258       handleAllErrors(std::move(E), [&](ErrorInfoBase &EIB) {
1259         errs() << "Error setting up ThinLTO save-temps: " << EIB.message()
1260                << '\n';
1261       });
1262     }
1263   }
1264   Conf.CPU = TOpts.CPU;
1265   Conf.CodeModel = getCodeModel(CGOpts);
1266   Conf.MAttrs = TOpts.Features;
1267   Conf.RelocModel = CGOpts.RelocationModel;
1268   std::optional<CodeGenOptLevel> OptLevelOrNone =
1269       CodeGenOpt::getLevel(CGOpts.OptimizationLevel);
1270   assert(OptLevelOrNone && "Invalid optimization level!");
1271   Conf.CGOptLevel = *OptLevelOrNone;
1272   Conf.OptLevel = CGOpts.OptimizationLevel;
1273   initTargetOptions(Diags, Conf.Options, CGOpts, TOpts, LOpts, HeaderOpts);
1274   Conf.SampleProfile = std::move(SampleProfile);
1275   Conf.PTO.LoopUnrolling = CGOpts.UnrollLoops;
1276   // For historical reasons, loop interleaving is set to mirror setting for loop
1277   // unrolling.
1278   Conf.PTO.LoopInterleaving = CGOpts.UnrollLoops;
1279   Conf.PTO.LoopVectorization = CGOpts.VectorizeLoop;
1280   Conf.PTO.SLPVectorization = CGOpts.VectorizeSLP;
1281   // Only enable CGProfilePass when using integrated assembler, since
1282   // non-integrated assemblers don't recognize .cgprofile section.
1283   Conf.PTO.CallGraphProfile = !CGOpts.DisableIntegratedAS;
1284 
1285   // Context sensitive profile.
1286   if (CGOpts.hasProfileCSIRInstr()) {
1287     Conf.RunCSIRInstr = true;
1288     Conf.CSIRProfile = std::move(CGOpts.InstrProfileOutput);
1289   } else if (CGOpts.hasProfileCSIRUse()) {
1290     Conf.RunCSIRInstr = false;
1291     Conf.CSIRProfile = std::move(CGOpts.ProfileInstrumentUsePath);
1292   }
1293 
1294   Conf.ProfileRemapping = std::move(ProfileRemapping);
1295   Conf.DebugPassManager = CGOpts.DebugPassManager;
1296   Conf.VerifyEach = CGOpts.VerifyEach;
1297   Conf.RemarksWithHotness = CGOpts.DiagnosticsWithHotness;
1298   Conf.RemarksFilename = CGOpts.OptRecordFile;
1299   Conf.RemarksPasses = CGOpts.OptRecordPasses;
1300   Conf.RemarksFormat = CGOpts.OptRecordFormat;
1301   Conf.SplitDwarfFile = CGOpts.SplitDwarfFile;
1302   Conf.SplitDwarfOutput = CGOpts.SplitDwarfOutput;
1303   switch (Action) {
1304   case Backend_EmitNothing:
1305     Conf.PreCodeGenModuleHook = [](size_t Task, const llvm::Module &Mod) {
1306       return false;
1307     };
1308     break;
1309   case Backend_EmitLL:
1310     Conf.PreCodeGenModuleHook = [&](size_t Task, const llvm::Module &Mod) {
1311       M->print(*OS, nullptr, CGOpts.EmitLLVMUseLists);
1312       return false;
1313     };
1314     break;
1315   case Backend_EmitBC:
1316     Conf.PreCodeGenModuleHook = [&](size_t Task, const llvm::Module &Mod) {
1317       WriteBitcodeToFile(*M, *OS, CGOpts.EmitLLVMUseLists);
1318       return false;
1319     };
1320     break;
1321   default:
1322     Conf.CGFileType = getCodeGenFileType(Action);
1323     break;
1324   }
1325   if (Error E =
1326           thinBackend(Conf, -1, AddStream, *M, *CombinedIndex, ImportList,
1327                       ModuleToDefinedGVSummaries[M->getModuleIdentifier()],
1328                       /*ModuleMap=*/nullptr, Conf.CodeGenOnly,
1329                       /*IRAddStream=*/nullptr, CGOpts.CmdArgs)) {
1330     handleAllErrors(std::move(E), [&](ErrorInfoBase &EIB) {
1331       errs() << "Error running ThinLTO backend: " << EIB.message() << '\n';
1332     });
1333   }
1334 }
1335 
1336 void clang::EmitBackendOutput(
1337     DiagnosticsEngine &Diags, const HeaderSearchOptions &HeaderOpts,
1338     const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts, const clang::TargetOptions &TOpts,
1339     const LangOptions &LOpts, StringRef TDesc, llvm::Module *M,
1340     BackendAction Action, IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem> VFS,
1341     std::unique_ptr<raw_pwrite_stream> OS, BackendConsumer *BC) {
1342 
1343   llvm::TimeTraceScope TimeScope("Backend");
1344 
1345   std::unique_ptr<llvm::Module> EmptyModule;
1346   if (!CGOpts.ThinLTOIndexFile.empty()) {
1347     // If we are performing a ThinLTO importing compile, load the function index
1348     // into memory and pass it into runThinLTOBackend, which will run the
1349     // function importer and invoke LTO passes.
1350     std::unique_ptr<ModuleSummaryIndex> CombinedIndex;
1351     if (Error E = llvm::getModuleSummaryIndexForFile(
1352                       CGOpts.ThinLTOIndexFile,
1353                       /*IgnoreEmptyThinLTOIndexFile*/ true)
1354                       .moveInto(CombinedIndex)) {
1355       logAllUnhandledErrors(std::move(E), errs(),
1356                             "Error loading index file '" +
1357                             CGOpts.ThinLTOIndexFile + "': ");
1358       return;
1359     }
1360 
1361     // A null CombinedIndex means we should skip ThinLTO compilation
1362     // (LLVM will optionally ignore empty index files, returning null instead
1363     // of an error).
1364     if (CombinedIndex) {
1365       if (!CombinedIndex->skipModuleByDistributedBackend()) {
1366         runThinLTOBackend(Diags, CombinedIndex.get(), M, HeaderOpts, CGOpts,
1367                           TOpts, LOpts, std::move(OS), CGOpts.SampleProfileFile,
1368                           CGOpts.ProfileRemappingFile, Action);
1369         return;
1370       }
1371       // Distributed indexing detected that nothing from the module is needed
1372       // for the final linking. So we can skip the compilation. We sill need to
1373       // output an empty object file to make sure that a linker does not fail
1374       // trying to read it. Also for some features, like CFI, we must skip
1375       // the compilation as CombinedIndex does not contain all required
1376       // information.
1377       EmptyModule = std::make_unique<llvm::Module>("empty", M->getContext());
1378       EmptyModule->setTargetTriple(M->getTargetTriple());
1379       M = EmptyModule.get();
1380     }
1381   }
1382 
1383   EmitAssemblyHelper AsmHelper(Diags, HeaderOpts, CGOpts, TOpts, LOpts, M, VFS);
1384   AsmHelper.EmitAssembly(Action, std::move(OS), BC);
1385 
1386   // Verify clang's TargetInfo DataLayout against the LLVM TargetMachine's
1387   // DataLayout.
1388   if (AsmHelper.TM) {
1389     std::string DLDesc = M->getDataLayout().getStringRepresentation();
1390     if (DLDesc != TDesc) {
1391       unsigned DiagID = Diags.getCustomDiagID(
1392           DiagnosticsEngine::Error, "backend data layout '%0' does not match "
1393                                     "expected target description '%1'");
1394       Diags.Report(DiagID) << DLDesc << TDesc;
1395     }
1396   }
1397 }
1398 
1399 // With -fembed-bitcode, save a copy of the llvm IR as data in the
1400 // __LLVM,__bitcode section.
1401 void clang::EmbedBitcode(llvm::Module *M, const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts,
1402                          llvm::MemoryBufferRef Buf) {
1403   if (CGOpts.getEmbedBitcode() == CodeGenOptions::Embed_Off)
1404     return;
1405   llvm::embedBitcodeInModule(
1406       *M, Buf, CGOpts.getEmbedBitcode() != CodeGenOptions::Embed_Marker,
1407       CGOpts.getEmbedBitcode() != CodeGenOptions::Embed_Bitcode,
1408       CGOpts.CmdArgs);
1409 }
1410 
1411 void clang::EmbedObject(llvm::Module *M, const CodeGenOptions &CGOpts,
1412                         DiagnosticsEngine &Diags) {
1413   if (CGOpts.OffloadObjects.empty())
1414     return;
1415 
1416   for (StringRef OffloadObject : CGOpts.OffloadObjects) {
1417     llvm::ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<llvm::MemoryBuffer>> ObjectOrErr =
1418         llvm::MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(OffloadObject);
1419     if (ObjectOrErr.getError()) {
1420       auto DiagID = Diags.getCustomDiagID(DiagnosticsEngine::Error,
1421                                           "could not open '%0' for embedding");
1422       Diags.Report(DiagID) << OffloadObject;
1423       return;
1424     }
1425 
1426     llvm::embedBufferInModule(*M, **ObjectOrErr, ".llvm.offloading",
1427                               Align(object::OffloadBinary::getAlignment()));
1428   }
1429 }
1430