1*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth /* derived from /netlib/fdlibm */ 2*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth 3*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth /* @(#)e_acos.c 1.3 95/01/18 */ 4*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth /* 5*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * ==================================================== 6*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * 8*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business. 9*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this 10*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * software is freely granted, provided that this notice 11*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * is preserved. 12*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * ==================================================== 13*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth */ 14*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth 15*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth /* __ieee754_acos(x) 16*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * Method : 17*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * acos(x) = pi/2 - asin(x) 18*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * acos(-x) = pi/2 + asin(x) 19*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * For |x|<=0.5 20*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * acos(x) = pi/2 - (x + x*x^2*R(x^2)) (see asin.c) 21*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * For x>0.5 22*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * acos(x) = pi/2 - (pi/2 - 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))) 23*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * = 2asin(sqrt((1-x)/2)) 24*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * = 2s + 2s*z*R(z) ...z=(1-x)/2, s=sqrt(z) 25*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * = 2f + (2c + 2s*z*R(z)) 26*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * where f=hi part of s, and c = (z-f*f)/(s+f) is the correction term 27*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * for f so that f+c ~ sqrt(z). 28*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * For x<-0.5 29*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * acos(x) = pi - 2asin(sqrt((1-|x|)/2)) 30*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * = pi - 0.5*(s+s*z*R(z)), where z=(1-|x|)/2,s=sqrt(z) 31*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * 32*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * Special cases: 33*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * if x is NaN, return x itself; 34*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal. 35*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * 36*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth * Function needed: sqrt 37*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth */ 38*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth 39*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth #include "fdlibm.h" 40*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth 41*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth static const double 42*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth one= 1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */ 43*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pi = 3.14159265358979311600e+00, /* 0x400921FB, 0x54442D18 */ 44*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */ 45*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */ 46*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pS0 = 1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */ 47*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */ 48*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pS2 = 2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */ 49*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */ 50*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pS4 = 7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */ 51*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth pS5 = 3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */ 52*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */ 53*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth qS2 = 2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */ 54*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */ 55*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth qS4 = 7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */ 56*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth __ieee754_acos(double x)57*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth double __ieee754_acos(double x) 58*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth { 59*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth double z,p,q,r,w,s,c,df; 60*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth int hx,ix; 61*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth hx = __HI(x); 62*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth ix = hx&0x7fffffff; 63*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth if(ix>=0x3ff00000) { /* |x| >= 1 */ 64*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|__LO(x))==0) { /* |x|==1 */ 65*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth if(hx>0) return 0.0; /* acos(1) = 0 */ 66*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth else return pi+2.0*pio2_lo; /* acos(-1)= pi */ 67*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth } 68*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth return (x-x)/(x-x); /* acos(|x|>1) is NaN */ 69*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth } 70*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth if(ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x| < 0.5 */ 71*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth if(ix<=0x3c600000) return pio2_hi+pio2_lo;/*if|x|<2**-57*/ 72*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth z = x*x; 73*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5))))); 74*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4))); 75*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth r = p/q; 76*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth return pio2_hi - (x - (pio2_lo-x*r)); 77*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth } else if (hx<0) { /* x < -0.5 */ 78*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth z = (one+x)*0.5; 79*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5))))); 80*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4))); 81*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth s = sqrt(z); 82*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth r = p/q; 83*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth w = r*s-pio2_lo; 84*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth return pi - 2.0*(s+w); 85*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth } else { /* x > 0.5 */ 86*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth z = (one-x)*0.5; 87*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth s = sqrt(z); 88*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth df = s; 89*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth __LO(df) = 0; 90*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth c = (z-df*df)/(s+df); 91*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth p = z*(pS0+z*(pS1+z*(pS2+z*(pS3+z*(pS4+z*pS5))))); 92*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth q = one+z*(qS1+z*(qS2+z*(qS3+z*qS4))); 93*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth r = p/q; 94*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth w = r*s+c; 95*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth return 2.0*(df+w); 96*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth } 97*37da2899SCharles.Forsyth } 98