xref: /freebsd-src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 581a046a8b33fd2c88d47095415b61d82128406e)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
36 
37 #include "opt_inet.h"
38 #include "opt_inet6.h"
39 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
40 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/systm.h>
44 #include <sys/domain.h>
45 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
46 #include <sys/hhook.h>
47 #endif
48 #include <sys/kernel.h>
49 #include <sys/lock.h>
50 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
51 #include <sys/mutex.h>
52 #include <sys/protosw.h>
53 #include <sys/sdt.h>
54 #include <sys/socket.h>
55 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
56 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
57 
58 #include <net/if.h>
59 #include <net/route.h>
60 #include <net/vnet.h>
61 
62 #include <netinet/in.h>
63 #include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
64 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
65 #include <netinet/ip.h>
66 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
67 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
68 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
69 #ifdef INET6
70 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
71 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
72 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
73 #endif
74 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
75 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
76 #include <netinet/tcp_log_buf.h>
77 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
78 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
79 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
80 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
81 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h>
82 #include <netinet/tcp_fastopen.h>
83 #ifdef TCPPCAP
84 #include <netinet/tcp_pcap.h>
85 #endif
86 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
87 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
88 #endif
89 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
90 #include <netinet/tcp_offload.h>
91 #endif
92 
93 #include <netipsec/ipsec_support.h>
94 
95 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
96 
97 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
98 
99 VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
100 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
101 	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
102 	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
103 
104 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
105 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
106 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
107 	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
108 
109 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendspace) = 1024*32;
110 #define	V_tcp_sendspace	VNET(tcp_sendspace)
111 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_SENDSPACE, sendspace, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
112 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendspace), 0, "Initial send socket buffer size");
113 
114 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
115 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
116 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
117 	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
118 
119 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
120 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
121 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
122 	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
123 
124 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 2*1024*1024;
125 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
126 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
127 	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
128 
129 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat) = 0;
130 #define	V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat	VNET(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat)
131 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto_lowat, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
132 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat), 0,
133 	"Modify threshold for auto send buffer growth to account for SO_SNDLOWAT");
134 
135 /*
136  * Make sure that either retransmit or persist timer is set for SYN, FIN and
137  * non-ACK.
138  */
139 #define TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, th_flags)			\
140 	KASSERT(((len) == 0 && ((th_flags) & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) == 0) ||\
141 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_REXMT) ||				\
142 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_PERSIST),				\
143 	    ("neither rexmt nor persist timer is set"))
144 
145 static void inline	cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
146 
147 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
148 /*
149  * Wrapper for the TCP established output helper hook.
150  */
151 void
152 hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th,
153     struct tcpopt *to, uint32_t len, int tso)
154 {
155 	struct tcp_hhook_data hhook_data;
156 
157 	if (V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT]->hhh_nhooks > 0) {
158 		hhook_data.tp = tp;
159 		hhook_data.th = th;
160 		hhook_data.to = to;
161 		hhook_data.len = len;
162 		hhook_data.tso = tso;
163 
164 		hhook_run_hooks(V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT], &hhook_data,
165 		    tp->osd);
166 	}
167 }
168 #endif
169 
170 /*
171  * Flags used when sending segments in tcp_output.  Basic flags (TH_RST,
172  * TH_ACK,TH_SYN,TH_FIN) are totally determined by state, with the proviso
173  * that TH_FIN is sent only if all data queued for output is included in the
174  * segment.
175  */
176 u_char	tcp_outflags[TCP_NSTATES] = {
177 	TH_RST|TH_ACK,		/* 0, CLOSED */
178 	0,			/* 1, LISTEN */
179 	TH_SYN,			/* 2, SYN_SENT */
180 	TH_SYN|TH_ACK,		/* 3, SYN_RECEIVED */
181 	TH_ACK,			/* 4, ESTABLISHED */
182 	TH_ACK,			/* 5, CLOSE_WAIT */
183 	TH_FIN|TH_ACK,		/* 6, FIN_WAIT_1 */
184 	TH_FIN|TH_ACK,		/* 7, CLOSING */
185 	TH_FIN|TH_ACK,		/* 8, LAST_ACK */
186 	TH_ACK,			/* 9, FIN_WAIT_2 */
187 	TH_ACK,			/* 10, TIME_WAIT */
188 };
189 
190 /*
191  * CC wrapper hook functions
192  */
193 static void inline
194 cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp)
195 {
196 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
197 
198 	if (CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle != NULL)
199 		CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle(tp->ccv);
200 }
201 
202 /*
203  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
204  */
205 int
206 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
207 {
208 	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
209 	int32_t len;
210 	uint32_t recwin, sendwin;
211 	int off, flags, error = 0;	/* Keep compiler happy */
212 	u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = 0;
213 	u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegsize;
214 	struct mbuf *m;
215 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
216 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
217 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
218 #endif
219 	struct tcphdr *th;
220 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
221 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
222 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
223 	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
224 #endif
225 	int idle, sendalot, curticks;
226 	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
227 	struct sackhole *p;
228 	int tso, mtu;
229 	struct tcpopt to;
230 	unsigned int wanted_cookie = 0;
231 	unsigned int dont_sendalot = 0;
232 #if 0
233 	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
234 #endif
235 #ifdef INET6
236 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
237 	int isipv6;
238 
239 	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
240 #endif
241 
242 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
243 
244 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
245 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_TOE)
246 		return (tcp_offload_output(tp));
247 #endif
248 
249 	/*
250 	 * For TFO connections in SYN_RECEIVED, only allow the initial
251 	 * SYN|ACK and those sent by the retransmit timer.
252 	 */
253 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
254 	    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) &&
255 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&    /* initial SYN|ACK sent */
256 	    (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))         /* not a retransmit */
257 		return (0);
258 
259 	/*
260 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
261 	 * and flags that will be used.
262 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
263 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
264 	 */
265 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
266 	if (idle && ticks - tp->t_rcvtime >= tp->t_rxtcur)
267 		cc_after_idle(tp);
268 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
269 	if (idle) {
270 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
271 			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
272 			idle = 0;
273 		}
274 	}
275 again:
276 	/*
277 	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
278 	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
279 	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
280 	 */
281 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
282 	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
283 		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
284 	sendalot = 0;
285 	tso = 0;
286 	mtu = 0;
287 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
288 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
289 
290 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
291 	/*
292 	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
293 	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
294 	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
295 	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
296 	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
297 	 */
298 	/*
299 	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
300 	 */
301 	sack_rxmit = 0;
302 	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
303 	len = 0;
304 	p = NULL;
305 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp->t_flags) &&
306 	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
307 		uint32_t cwin;
308 
309 		cwin =
310 		    imax(min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt, 0);
311 		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
312 		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
313 			/*
314 			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
315 			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
316 			 * for this hole.
317 			 */
318 			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
319 				/*
320 				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
321 				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
322 				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
323 				 * moves past p->rxmit.
324 				 */
325 				p = NULL;
326 				goto after_sack_rexmit;
327 			} else
328 				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
329 				len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin,
330 						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
331 		} else
332 			len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
333 		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
334 		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
335 		    __func__, off));
336 		if (len > 0) {
337 			sack_rxmit = 1;
338 			sendalot = 1;
339 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
340 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
341 			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
342 		}
343 	}
344 after_sack_rexmit:
345 	/*
346 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
347 	 * state flags.
348 	 */
349 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
350 		flags |= TH_FIN;
351 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
352 		flags |= TH_SYN;
353 
354 	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
355 	/*
356 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
357 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
358 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
359 	 * and go to transmit state.
360 	 */
361 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
362 		if (sendwin == 0) {
363 			/*
364 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
365 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
366 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
367 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
368 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
369 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
370 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
371 			 * up sending the packet without recording
372 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
373 			 *
374 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
375 			 * because if we don't have any more data
376 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
377 			 * itself.
378 			 */
379 			if (off < sbused(&so->so_snd))
380 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
381 			sendwin = 1;
382 		} else {
383 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
384 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
385 		}
386 	}
387 
388 	/*
389 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
390 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
391 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
392 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
393 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
394 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
395 	 *
396 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
397 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
398 	 * wind up 0.
399 	 *
400 	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
401 	 * in which case len is already set.
402 	 */
403 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
404 		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
405 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), sendwin) -
406 			    off);
407 		else {
408 			int32_t cwin;
409 
410                         /*
411 			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
412 			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
413 			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
414 			 */
415 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), tp->snd_wnd) -
416 			    off);
417 			/*
418 			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
419 			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
420 			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
421 			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
422 			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
423 			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
424 			 */
425 			if (len > 0) {
426 				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
427 					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->sack_newdata) -
428 					sack_bytes_rxmt;
429 				if (cwin < 0)
430 					cwin = 0;
431 				len = imin(len, cwin);
432 			}
433 		}
434 	}
435 
436 	/*
437 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
438 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
439 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
440 	 */
441 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
442 		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
443 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
444 		/*
445 		 * When sending additional segments following a TFO SYN|ACK,
446 		 * do not include the SYN bit.
447 		 */
448 		if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
449 		    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED))
450 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
451 		off--, len++;
452 	}
453 
454 	/*
455 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
456 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
457 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
458 	 */
459 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
460 		len = 0;
461 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
462 	}
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * On TFO sockets, ensure no data is sent in the following cases:
466 	 *
467 	 *  - When retransmitting SYN|ACK on a passively-created socket
468 	 *
469 	 *  - When retransmitting SYN on an actively created socket
470 	 *
471 	 *  - When sending a zero-length cookie (cookie request) on an
472 	 *    actively created socket
473 	 *
474 	 *  - When the socket is in the CLOSED state (RST is being sent)
475 	 */
476 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
477 	    (((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_rxtshift > 0)) ||
478 	     ((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) &&
479 	      (tp->t_tfo_client_cookie_len == 0)) ||
480 	     (flags & TH_RST)))
481 		len = 0;
482 	if (len <= 0) {
483 		/*
484 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
485 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
486 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
487 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
488 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
489 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
490 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
491 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
492 		 *
493 		 * We also do a general check here to ensure that
494 		 * we will set the persist timer when we have data
495 		 * to send, but a 0-byte window. This makes sure
496 		 * the persist timer is set even if the packet
497 		 * hits one of the "goto send" lines below.
498 		 */
499 		len = 0;
500 		if ((sendwin == 0) && (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state)) &&
501 			(off < (int) sbavail(&so->so_snd))) {
502 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
503 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
504 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
505 			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
506 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
507 		}
508 	}
509 
510 	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
511 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
512 
513 	tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(tp, so, sendwin);
514 
515 	/*
516 	 * Decide if we can use TCP Segmentation Offloading (if supported by
517 	 * hardware).
518 	 *
519 	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
520 	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
521 	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
522 	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
523 	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
524 	 * segment or packet.
525 	 *
526 	 * IPv4 handling has a clear separation of ip options and ip header
527 	 * flags while IPv6 combines both in in6p_outputopts. ip6_optlen() does
528 	 * the right thing below to provide length of just ip options and thus
529 	 * checking for ipoptlen is enough to decide if ip options are present.
530 	 */
531 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
532 	/*
533 	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
534 	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
535 	 */
536 #ifdef INET6
537 	if (isipv6 && IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv6))
538 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv6, tp->t_inpcb);
539 #ifdef INET
540 	else
541 #endif
542 #endif /* INET6 */
543 #ifdef INET
544 	if (IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv4))
545 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv4, tp->t_inpcb);
546 #endif /* INET */
547 #endif /* IPSEC */
548 #ifdef INET6
549 	if (isipv6)
550 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
551 	else
552 #endif
553 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
554 		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
555 				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
556 	else
557 		ipoptlen = 0;
558 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
559 	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
560 #endif
561 
562 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso && len > tp->t_maxseg &&
563 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
564 	    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
565 	    ipoptlen == 0 && !(flags & TH_SYN))
566 		tso = 1;
567 
568 	if (sack_rxmit) {
569 		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + sbused(&so->so_snd)))
570 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
571 	} else {
572 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una +
573 		    sbused(&so->so_snd)))
574 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
575 	}
576 
577 	recwin = lmin(lmax(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), 0),
578 	    (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
579 
580 	/*
581 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
582 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
583 	 *
584 	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
585 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
586 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
587 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
588 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
589 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
590 	 *	- we need to retransmit
591 	 */
592 	if (len) {
593 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
594 			goto send;
595 		/*
596 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
597 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
598 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
599 		 *
600 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
601 		 */
602 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
603 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
604 		    (uint32_t)len + (uint32_t)off >= sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
605 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
606 			goto send;
607 		}
608 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
609 			goto send;
610 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
611 			goto send;
612 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
613 			goto send;
614 		if (sack_rxmit)
615 			goto send;
616 	}
617 
618 	/*
619 	 * Sending of standalone window updates.
620 	 *
621 	 * Window updates are important when we close our window due to a
622 	 * full socket buffer and are opening it again after the application
623 	 * reads data from it.  Once the window has opened again and the
624 	 * remote end starts to send again the ACK clock takes over and
625 	 * provides the most current window information.
626 	 *
627 	 * We must avoid the silly window syndrome whereas every read
628 	 * from the receive buffer, no matter how small, causes a window
629 	 * update to be sent.  We also should avoid sending a flurry of
630 	 * window updates when the socket buffer had queued a lot of data
631 	 * and the application is doing small reads.
632 	 *
633 	 * Prevent a flurry of pointless window updates by only sending
634 	 * an update when we can increase the advertized window by more
635 	 * than 1/4th of the socket buffer capacity.  When the buffer is
636 	 * getting full or is very small be more aggressive and send an
637 	 * update whenever we can increase by two mss sized segments.
638 	 * In all other situations the ACK's to new incoming data will
639 	 * carry further window increases.
640 	 *
641 	 * Don't send an independent window update if a delayed
642 	 * ACK is pending (it will get piggy-backed on it) or the
643 	 * remote side already has done a half-close and won't send
644 	 * more data.  Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP
645 	 * half-open state.
646 	 */
647 	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
648 	    !(tp->t_flags & TF_DELACK) &&
649 	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
650 		/*
651 		 * "adv" is the amount we could increase the window,
652 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
653 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
654 		 */
655 		int32_t adv;
656 		int oldwin;
657 
658 		adv = recwin;
659 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
660 			oldwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
661 			adv -= oldwin;
662 		} else
663 			oldwin = 0;
664 
665 		/*
666 		 * If the new window size ends up being the same as or less
667 		 * than the old size when it is scaled, then don't force
668 		 * a window update.
669 		 */
670 		if (oldwin >> tp->rcv_scale >= (adv + oldwin) >> tp->rcv_scale)
671 			goto dontupdate;
672 
673 		if (adv >= (int32_t)(2 * tp->t_maxseg) &&
674 		    (adv >= (int32_t)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) ||
675 		     recwin <= (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 8) ||
676 		     so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat <= 8 * tp->t_maxseg))
677 			goto send;
678 		if (2 * adv >= (int32_t)so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat)
679 			goto send;
680 	}
681 dontupdate:
682 
683 	/*
684 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
685 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
686 	 */
687 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
688 		goto send;
689 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
690 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
691 		goto send;
692 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
693 		goto send;
694 	/*
695 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
696 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
697 	 */
698 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
699 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
700 		goto send;
701 	/*
702 	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
703 	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
704 	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
705 	 */
706 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
707 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
708 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
709 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
710 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
711 		goto just_return;
712 	}
713 	/*
714 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
715 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
716 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
717 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
718 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
719 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
720 	 *
721 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
722 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
723 	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
724 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
725 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
726 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
727 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
728 	 *
729 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
730 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
731 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
732 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
733 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
734 	 */
735 	if (sbavail(&so->so_snd) && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
736 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
737 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
738 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
739 	}
740 
741 	/*
742 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
743 	 */
744 just_return:
745 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
746 	return (0);
747 
748 send:
749 	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
750 	if (len > 0) {
751 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
752 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
753 		else
754 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
755 	}
756 	/*
757 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
758 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
759 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
760 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
761 	 * link header, i.e.
762 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
763 	 */
764 	optlen = 0;
765 #ifdef INET6
766 	if (isipv6)
767 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
768 	else
769 #endif
770 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
771 
772 	/*
773 	 * Compute options for segment.
774 	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
775 	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
776 	 * syncache.
777 	 */
778 	to.to_flags = 0;
779 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
780 		/* Maximum segment size. */
781 		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
782 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
783 			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
784 			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
785 
786 			/*
787 			 * On SYN or SYN|ACK transmits on TFO connections,
788 			 * only include the TFO option if it is not a
789 			 * retransmit, as the presence of the TFO option may
790 			 * have caused the original SYN or SYN|ACK to have
791 			 * been dropped by a middlebox.
792 			 */
793 			if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
794 			    (tp->t_rxtshift == 0)) {
795 				if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) {
796 					to.to_tfo_len = TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_LEN;
797 					to.to_tfo_cookie =
798 					    (u_int8_t *)&tp->t_tfo_cookie.server;
799 					to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
800 					wanted_cookie = 1;
801 				} else if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) {
802 					to.to_tfo_len =
803 					    tp->t_tfo_client_cookie_len;
804 					to.to_tfo_cookie =
805 					    tp->t_tfo_cookie.client;
806 					to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
807 					wanted_cookie = 1;
808 					/*
809 					 * If we wind up having more data to
810 					 * send with the SYN than can fit in
811 					 * one segment, don't send any more
812 					 * until the SYN|ACK comes back from
813 					 * the other end.
814 					 */
815 					dont_sendalot = 1;
816 				}
817 			}
818 		}
819 		/* Window scaling. */
820 		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
821 			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
822 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
823 		}
824 		/* Timestamps. */
825 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
826 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
827 			curticks = tcp_ts_getticks();
828 			to.to_tsval = curticks + tp->ts_offset;
829 			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
830 			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
831 			if (tp->t_rxtshift == 1)
832 				tp->t_badrxtwin = curticks;
833 		}
834 
835 		/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
836 		if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
837 		    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
838 			tp->rfbuf_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
839 
840 		/* Selective ACK's. */
841 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
842 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
843 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
844 			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
845 			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
846 			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
847 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
848 				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
849 				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
850 			}
851 		}
852 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
853 		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
854 		/*
855 		 * Check that TCP_MD5SIG is enabled in tcpcb to
856 		 * account the size needed to set this TCP option.
857 		 */
858 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
859 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
860 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
861 
862 		/* Processing the options. */
863 		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
864 		/*
865 		 * If we wanted a TFO option to be added, but it was unable
866 		 * to fit, ensure no data is sent.
867 		 */
868 		if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) && wanted_cookie &&
869 		    !(to.to_flags & TOF_FASTOPEN))
870 			len = 0;
871 	}
872 
873 	/*
874 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
875 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxseg length.
876 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
877 	 * the segment.
878 	 */
879 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxseg) {
880 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
881 
882 		if (tso) {
883 			u_int if_hw_tsomax;
884 			u_int moff;
885 			int max_len;
886 
887 			/* extract TSO information */
888 			if_hw_tsomax = tp->t_tsomax;
889 			if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = tp->t_tsomaxsegcount;
890 			if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = tp->t_tsomaxsegsize;
891 
892 			/*
893 			 * Limit a TSO burst to prevent it from
894 			 * overflowing or exceeding the maximum length
895 			 * allowed by the network interface:
896 			 */
897 			KASSERT(ipoptlen == 0,
898 			    ("%s: TSO can't do IP options", __func__));
899 
900 			/*
901 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum payload
902 			 * length:
903 			 */
904 			if (if_hw_tsomax != 0) {
905 				/* compute maximum TSO length */
906 				max_len = (if_hw_tsomax - hdrlen -
907 				    max_linkhdr);
908 				if (max_len <= 0) {
909 					len = 0;
910 				} else if (len > max_len) {
911 					sendalot = 1;
912 					len = max_len;
913 				}
914 			}
915 			/*
916 			 * Prevent the last segment from being
917 			 * fractional unless the send sockbuf can be
918 			 * emptied:
919 			 */
920 			max_len = (tp->t_maxseg - optlen);
921 			if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len) <
922 			    sbavail(&so->so_snd)) {
923 				moff = len % max_len;
924 				if (moff != 0) {
925 					len -= moff;
926 					sendalot = 1;
927 				}
928 			}
929 
930 			/*
931 			 * In case there are too many small fragments
932 			 * don't use TSO:
933 			 */
934 			if (len <= max_len) {
935 				len = max_len;
936 				sendalot = 1;
937 				tso = 0;
938 			}
939 
940 			/*
941 			 * Send the FIN in a separate segment
942 			 * after the bulk sending is done.
943 			 * We don't trust the TSO implementations
944 			 * to clear the FIN flag on all but the
945 			 * last segment.
946 			 */
947 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
948 				sendalot = 1;
949 		} else {
950 			len = tp->t_maxseg - optlen - ipoptlen;
951 			sendalot = 1;
952 			if (dont_sendalot)
953 				sendalot = 0;
954 		}
955 	} else
956 		tso = 0;
957 
958 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen <= IP_MAXPACKET,
959 	    ("%s: len > IP_MAXPACKET", __func__));
960 
961 /*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
962 #ifdef INET6
963 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
964 #else
965 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
966 #endif
967 		panic("tcphdr too big");
968 /*#endif*/
969 
970 	/*
971 	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
972 	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
973 	 */
974 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
975 
976 	/*
977 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
978 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
979 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
980 	 */
981 	if (len) {
982 		struct mbuf *mb;
983 		struct sockbuf *msb;
984 		u_int moff;
985 
986 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)
987 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
988 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
989 			tp->t_sndrexmitpack++;
990 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
991 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
992 		} else {
993 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
994 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
995 		}
996 #ifdef INET6
997 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr)
998 			m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
999 		else
1000 #endif
1001 			m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1002 
1003 		if (m == NULL) {
1004 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1005 			error = ENOBUFS;
1006 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1007 			goto out;
1008 		}
1009 
1010 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1011 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1012 
1013 		/*
1014 		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
1015 		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
1016 		 */
1017 		mb = sbsndptr_noadv(&so->so_snd, off, &moff);
1018 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
1019 			m_copydata(mb, moff, len,
1020 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
1021 			if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
1022 				sbsndptr_adv(&so->so_snd, mb, len);
1023 			m->m_len += len;
1024 		} else {
1025 			if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
1026 				msb = NULL;
1027 			else
1028 				msb = &so->so_snd;
1029 			m->m_next = tcp_m_copym(mb, moff,
1030 			    &len, if_hw_tsomaxsegcount,
1031 			    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize, msb);
1032 			if (len <= (tp->t_maxseg - optlen)) {
1033 				/*
1034 				 * Must have ran out of mbufs for the copy
1035 				 * shorten it to no longer need tso. Lets
1036 				 * not put on sendalot since we are low on
1037 				 * mbufs.
1038 				 */
1039 				tso = 0;
1040 			}
1041 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
1042 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1043 				(void) m_free(m);
1044 				error = ENOBUFS;
1045 				sack_rxmit = 0;
1046 				goto out;
1047 			}
1048 		}
1049 
1050 		/*
1051 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
1052 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
1053 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
1054 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
1055 		 */
1056 		if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len == sbused(&so->so_snd)) &&
1057 		    !(flags & TH_SYN))
1058 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
1059 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1060 	} else {
1061 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1062 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
1063 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
1064 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
1065 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
1066 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
1067 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
1068 		else
1069 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
1070 
1071 		m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1072 		if (m == NULL) {
1073 			error = ENOBUFS;
1074 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1075 			goto out;
1076 		}
1077 #ifdef INET6
1078 		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
1079 		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
1080 			M_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
1081 		} else
1082 #endif
1083 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1084 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1085 	}
1086 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
1087 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
1088 #ifdef MAC
1089 	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
1090 #endif
1091 #ifdef INET6
1092 	if (isipv6) {
1093 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
1094 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
1095 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
1096 	} else
1097 #endif /* INET6 */
1098 	{
1099 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
1100 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1101 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
1102 #endif
1103 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
1104 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
1105 	}
1106 
1107 	/*
1108 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
1109 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
1110 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
1111 	 */
1112 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
1113 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
1114 		tp->snd_nxt--;
1115 	/*
1116 	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
1117 	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
1118 	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
1119 	 * RFC 3168.
1120 	 */
1121 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn == 1) {
1122 		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
1123 			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
1124 				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1125 		} else
1126 			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1127 	}
1128 
1129 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
1130 	    (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_PERMIT)) {
1131 		/*
1132 		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
1133 		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
1134 		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
1135 		 */
1136 		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
1137 		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)) {
1138 #ifdef INET6
1139 			if (isipv6)
1140 				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
1141 			else
1142 #endif
1143 				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
1144 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
1145 		}
1146 
1147 		/*
1148 		 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
1149 		 */
1150 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_CWR) {
1151 			flags |= TH_CWR;
1152 			tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ECN_SND_CWR;
1153 		}
1154 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_ECE)
1155 			flags |= TH_ECE;
1156 	}
1157 
1158 	/*
1159 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
1160 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
1161 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
1162 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
1163 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
1164 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
1165 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
1166 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
1167 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
1168 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
1169 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
1170 	 */
1171 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
1172 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
1173 		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1174 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
1175 		else
1176 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
1177 	} else {
1178 		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
1179 		p->rxmit += len;
1180 		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
1181 	}
1182 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
1183 	if (optlen) {
1184 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
1185 		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
1186 	}
1187 	th->th_flags = flags;
1188 	/*
1189 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
1190 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
1191 	 */
1192 	if (recwin < (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
1193 	    recwin < tp->t_maxseg)
1194 		recwin = 0;
1195 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt) &&
1196 	    recwin < (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1197 		recwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1198 
1199 	/*
1200 	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
1201 	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
1202 	 * case is handled in syncache.
1203 	 */
1204 	if (flags & TH_SYN)
1205 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
1206 				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
1207 	else
1208 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
1209 
1210 	/*
1211 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1212 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1213 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1214 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1215 	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1216 	 * the connection.
1217 	 */
1218 	if (th->th_win == 0) {
1219 		tp->t_sndzerowin++;
1220 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1221 	} else
1222 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1223 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1224 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1225 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1226 	} else
1227 		/*
1228 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1229 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1230 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1231 		 * number wraparound.
1232 		 */
1233 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1234 
1235 	/*
1236 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1237 	 * checksum extended header and data.
1238 	 */
1239 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1240 	m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1241 
1242 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
1243 	if (to.to_flags & TOF_SIGNATURE) {
1244 		/*
1245 		 * Calculate MD5 signature and put it into the place
1246 		 * determined before.
1247 		 * NOTE: since TCP options buffer doesn't point into
1248 		 * mbuf's data, calculate offset and use it.
1249 		 */
1250 		if (!TCPMD5_ENABLED() || (error = TCPMD5_OUTPUT(m, th,
1251 		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + (to.to_signature - opt))) != 0) {
1252 			/*
1253 			 * Do not send segment if the calculation of MD5
1254 			 * digest has failed.
1255 			 */
1256 			m_freem(m);
1257 			goto out;
1258 		}
1259 	}
1260 #endif
1261 #ifdef INET6
1262 	if (isipv6) {
1263 		/*
1264 		 * There is no need to fill in ip6_plen right now.
1265 		 * It will be filled later by ip6_output.
1266 		 */
1267 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP_IPV6;
1268 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum_pseudo(ip6, sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
1269 		    optlen + len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0);
1270 	}
1271 #endif
1272 #if defined(INET6) && defined(INET)
1273 	else
1274 #endif
1275 #ifdef INET
1276 	{
1277 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1278 		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1279 		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1280 
1281 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1282 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1283 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1284 	}
1285 #endif
1286 
1287 	/*
1288 	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1289 	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1290 	 */
1291 	if (tso) {
1292 		KASSERT(len > tp->t_maxseg - optlen,
1293 		    ("%s: len <= tso_segsz", __func__));
1294 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1295 		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxseg - optlen;
1296 	}
1297 
1298 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
1299 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen - ipsec_optlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1300 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %d + %u + %u - %u != %u",
1301 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, ipsec_optlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1302 #else
1303 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1304 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %d + %u + %u != %u",
1305 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1306 #endif
1307 
1308 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
1309 	/* Run HHOOK_TCP_ESTABLISHED_OUT helper hooks. */
1310 	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(tp, th, &to, len, tso);
1311 #endif
1312 
1313 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1314 	/*
1315 	 * Trace.
1316 	 */
1317 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1318 		u_short save = 0;
1319 #ifdef INET6
1320 		if (!isipv6)
1321 #endif
1322 		{
1323 			save = ipov->ih_len;
1324 			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1325 		}
1326 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1327 #ifdef INET6
1328 		if (!isipv6)
1329 #endif
1330 		ipov->ih_len = save;
1331 	}
1332 #endif /* TCPDEBUG */
1333 	TCP_PROBE3(debug__output, tp, th, m);
1334 
1335 	/* We're getting ready to send; log now. */
1336 	TCP_LOG_EVENT(tp, th, &so->so_rcv, &so->so_snd, TCP_LOG_OUT, ERRNO_UNK,
1337 	    len, NULL, false);
1338 
1339 	/*
1340 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1341 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1342 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1343 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1344 	 */
1345 	/*
1346 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before checksum calculation,
1347 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1348 	 */
1349 #ifdef INET6
1350 	if (isipv6) {
1351 		/*
1352 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1353 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1354 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1355 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1356 		 */
1357 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1358 
1359 		/*
1360 		 * Set the packet size here for the benefit of DTrace probes.
1361 		 * ip6_output() will set it properly; it's supposed to include
1362 		 * the option header lengths as well.
1363 		 */
1364 		ip6->ip6_plen = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len - sizeof(*ip6));
1365 
1366 		if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss)
1367 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1368 		else
1369 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1370 
1371 		if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1372 			TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1373 
1374 		TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1375 
1376 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1377 		/* Save packet, if requested. */
1378 		tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1379 #endif
1380 
1381 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1382 		error = ip6_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts,
1383 		    &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6,
1384 		    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?  IP_ROUTETOIF : 0),
1385 		    NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1386 
1387 		if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_rt != NULL)
1388 			mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1389 	}
1390 #endif /* INET6 */
1391 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
1392 	else
1393 #endif
1394 #ifdef INET
1395     {
1396 	ip->ip_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len);
1397 #ifdef INET6
1398 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1399 		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1400 #endif /* INET6 */
1401 	/*
1402 	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1403 	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1404 	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1405 	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1406 	 *
1407 	 * NB: Don't set DF on small MTU/MSS to have a safe fallback.
1408 	 */
1409 	if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss) {
1410 		ip->ip_off |= htons(IP_DF);
1411 		tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1412 	} else {
1413 		tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1414 	}
1415 
1416 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1417 		TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1418 
1419 	TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1420 
1421 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1422 	/* Save packet, if requested. */
1423 	tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1424 #endif
1425 
1426 	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route,
1427 	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1428 	    tp->t_inpcb);
1429 
1430 	if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_rt != NULL)
1431 		mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1432     }
1433 #endif /* INET */
1434 
1435 out:
1436 	/*
1437 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1438 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1439 	 */
1440 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1441 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1442 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1443 
1444 		/*
1445 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1446 		 */
1447 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1448 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1449 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1450 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1451 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1452 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1453 			}
1454 		}
1455 		if (sack_rxmit)
1456 			goto timer;
1457 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1458 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1459 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1460 			/*
1461 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1462 			 * not currently timing anything.
1463 			 */
1464 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1465 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1466 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1467 				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1468 			}
1469 		}
1470 
1471 		/*
1472 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1473 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1474 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1475 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1476 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1477 		 * of retransmit time.
1478 		 */
1479 timer:
1480 		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1481 		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1482 		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1483 			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1484 				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1485 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1486 			}
1487 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1488 		} else if (len == 0 && sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
1489 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1490 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1491 			/*
1492 			 * Avoid a situation where we do not set persist timer
1493 			 * after a zero window condition. For example:
1494 			 * 1) A -> B: packet with enough data to fill the window
1495 			 * 2) B -> A: ACK for #1 + new data (0 window
1496 			 *    advertisement)
1497 			 * 3) A -> B: ACK for #2, 0 len packet
1498 			 *
1499 			 * In this case, A will not activate the persist timer,
1500 			 * because it chose to send a packet. Unless tcp_output
1501 			 * is called for some other reason (delayed ack timer,
1502 			 * another input packet from B, socket syscall), A will
1503 			 * not send zero window probes.
1504 			 *
1505 			 * So, if you send a 0-length packet, but there is data
1506 			 * in the socket buffer, and neither the rexmt or
1507 			 * persist timer is already set, then activate the
1508 			 * persist timer.
1509 			 */
1510 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1511 			tcp_setpersist(tp);
1512 		}
1513 	} else {
1514 		/*
1515 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1516 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1517 		 */
1518 		int xlen = len;
1519 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1520 			++xlen;
1521 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1522 			++xlen;
1523 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1524 		}
1525 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1526 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
1527 	}
1528 
1529 	if (error) {
1530 		/* Record the error. */
1531 		TCP_LOG_EVENT(tp, NULL, &so->so_rcv, &so->so_snd, TCP_LOG_OUT,
1532 		    error, 0, NULL, false);
1533 
1534 		/*
1535 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1536 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1537 		 *
1538 		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1539 		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1540 		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1541 		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1542 		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1543 		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1544 		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1545 		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1546 		 */
1547 		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1548 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1549 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1550 		    (error != EPERM)) {
1551 			if (sack_rxmit) {
1552 				p->rxmit -= len;
1553 				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1554 				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1555 				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1556 			} else
1557 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1558 		}
1559 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1560 		switch (error) {
1561 		case EACCES:
1562 		case EPERM:
1563 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1564 			return (error);
1565 		case ENOBUFS:
1566 			TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, flags);
1567 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1568 			return (0);
1569 		case EMSGSIZE:
1570 			/*
1571 			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1572 			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1573 			 * its MTU.
1574 			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1575 			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1576 			 * If we obtained mtu from ip_output() then update
1577 			 * it and try again.
1578 			 */
1579 			if (tso)
1580 				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1581 			if (mtu != 0) {
1582 				tcp_mss_update(tp, -1, mtu, NULL, NULL);
1583 				goto again;
1584 			}
1585 			return (error);
1586 		case EHOSTDOWN:
1587 		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1588 		case ENETDOWN:
1589 		case ENETUNREACH:
1590 			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1591 				tp->t_softerror = error;
1592 				return (0);
1593 			}
1594 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1595 		default:
1596 			return (error);
1597 		}
1598 	}
1599 	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1600 
1601 	/*
1602 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1603 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1604 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1605 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1606 	 */
1607 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1608 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1609 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1610 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1611 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1612 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1613 #if 0
1614 	/*
1615 	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1616 	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1617 	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1618 	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1619 	 */
1620 	if (sendalot && --maxburst)
1621 		goto again;
1622 #endif
1623 	if (sendalot)
1624 		goto again;
1625 	return (0);
1626 }
1627 
1628 void
1629 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1630 {
1631 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1632 	int tt;
1633 
1634 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_PREVVALID;
1635 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1636 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1637 	/*
1638 	 * Start/restart persistence timer.
1639 	 */
1640 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1641 		      tcp_persmin, tcp_persmax);
1642 	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1643 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1644 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1645 }
1646 
1647 /*
1648  * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1649  * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1650  *
1651  * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1652  * alignment for the scarce option space.
1653  *
1654  * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1655  *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1656  *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1657  *
1658  * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1659  * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1660  * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1661  * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1662  * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1663  */
1664 int
1665 tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1666 {
1667 	u_int32_t mask, optlen = 0;
1668 
1669 	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1670 		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1671 			continue;
1672 		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1673 			break;
1674 		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1675 		case TOF_MSS:
1676 			while (optlen % 4) {
1677 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1678 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1679 			}
1680 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1681 				continue;
1682 			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1683 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1684 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1685 			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1686 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1687 			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1688 			break;
1689 		case TOF_SCALE:
1690 			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1691 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1692 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1693 			}
1694 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1695 				continue;
1696 			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1697 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1698 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1699 			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1700 			break;
1701 		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1702 			while (optlen % 2) {
1703 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1704 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1705 			}
1706 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1707 				continue;
1708 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1709 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1710 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1711 			break;
1712 		case TOF_TS:
1713 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1714 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1715 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1716 			}
1717 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1718 				continue;
1719 			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1720 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1721 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1722 			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1723 			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1724 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1725 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1726 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1727 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1728 			break;
1729 		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1730 			{
1731 			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1732 
1733 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1734 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1735 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1736 			}
1737 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE) {
1738 				to->to_flags &= ~TOF_SIGNATURE;
1739 				continue;
1740 			}
1741 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1742 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1743 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1744 			to->to_signature = optp;
1745 			while (siglen--)
1746 				 *optp++ = 0;
1747 			break;
1748 			}
1749 		case TOF_SACK:
1750 			{
1751 			int sackblks = 0;
1752 			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1753 			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1754 
1755 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1756 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1757 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1758 			}
1759 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1760 				continue;
1761 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1762 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1763 			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1764 					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1765 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1766 			while (sackblks--) {
1767 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1768 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1769 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1770 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1771 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1772 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1773 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1774 				sack++;
1775 			}
1776 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1777 			break;
1778 			}
1779 		case TOF_FASTOPEN:
1780 			{
1781 			int total_len;
1782 
1783 			/* XXX is there any point to aligning this option? */
1784 			total_len = TCPOLEN_FAST_OPEN_EMPTY + to->to_tfo_len;
1785 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < total_len) {
1786 				to->to_flags &= ~TOF_FASTOPEN;
1787 				continue;
1788 			}
1789 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_FAST_OPEN;
1790 			*optp++ = total_len;
1791 			if (to->to_tfo_len > 0) {
1792 				bcopy(to->to_tfo_cookie, optp, to->to_tfo_len);
1793 				optp += to->to_tfo_len;
1794 			}
1795 			optlen += total_len;
1796 			break;
1797 			}
1798 		default:
1799 			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1800 			break;
1801 		}
1802 	}
1803 
1804 	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1805 	if (optlen % 4) {
1806 		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1807 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1808 	}
1809 	/*
1810 	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1811 	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1812 	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1813 	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1814 	 */
1815 	while (optlen % 4) {
1816 		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1817 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1818 	}
1819 
1820 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1821 	return (optlen);
1822 }
1823 
1824 /*
1825  * This is a copy of m_copym(), taking the TSO segment size/limit
1826  * constraints into account, and advancing the sndptr as it goes.
1827  */
1828 struct mbuf *
1829 tcp_m_copym(struct mbuf *m, int32_t off0, int32_t *plen,
1830     int32_t seglimit, int32_t segsize, struct sockbuf *sb)
1831 {
1832 	struct mbuf *n, **np;
1833 	struct mbuf *top;
1834 	int32_t off = off0;
1835 	int32_t len = *plen;
1836 	int32_t fragsize;
1837 	int32_t len_cp = 0;
1838 	int32_t *pkthdrlen;
1839 	uint32_t mlen, frags;
1840 	bool copyhdr;
1841 
1842 
1843 	KASSERT(off >= 0, ("tcp_m_copym, negative off %d", off));
1844 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("tcp_m_copym, negative len %d", len));
1845 	if (off == 0 && m->m_flags & M_PKTHDR)
1846 		copyhdr = true;
1847 	else
1848 		copyhdr = false;
1849 	while (off > 0) {
1850 		KASSERT(m != NULL, ("tcp_m_copym, offset > size of mbuf chain"));
1851 		if (off < m->m_len)
1852 			break;
1853 		off -= m->m_len;
1854 		if ((sb) && (m == sb->sb_sndptr)) {
1855 			sb->sb_sndptroff += m->m_len;
1856 			sb->sb_sndptr = m->m_next;
1857 		}
1858 		m = m->m_next;
1859 	}
1860 	np = &top;
1861 	top = NULL;
1862 	pkthdrlen = NULL;
1863 	while (len > 0) {
1864 		if (m == NULL) {
1865 			KASSERT(len == M_COPYALL,
1866 			    ("tcp_m_copym, length > size of mbuf chain"));
1867 			*plen = len_cp;
1868 			if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1869 				*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1870 			break;
1871 		}
1872 		mlen = min(len, m->m_len - off);
1873 		if (seglimit) {
1874 			/*
1875 			 * For M_NOMAP mbufs, add 3 segments
1876 			 * + 1 in case we are crossing page boundaries
1877 			 * + 2 in case the TLS hdr/trailer are used
1878 			 * It is cheaper to just add the segments
1879 			 * than it is to take the cache miss to look
1880 			 * at the mbuf ext_pgs state in detail.
1881 			 */
1882 			if (m->m_flags & M_NOMAP) {
1883 				fragsize = min(segsize, PAGE_SIZE);
1884 				frags = 3;
1885 			} else {
1886 				fragsize = segsize;
1887 				frags = 0;
1888 			}
1889 
1890 			/* Break if we really can't fit anymore. */
1891 			if ((frags + 1) >= seglimit) {
1892 				*plen =	len_cp;
1893 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1894 					*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1895 				break;
1896 			}
1897 
1898 			/*
1899 			 * Reduce size if you can't copy the whole
1900 			 * mbuf. If we can't copy the whole mbuf, also
1901 			 * adjust len so the loop will end after this
1902 			 * mbuf.
1903 			 */
1904 			if ((frags + howmany(mlen, fragsize)) >= seglimit) {
1905 				mlen = (seglimit - frags - 1) * fragsize;
1906 				len = mlen;
1907 				*plen = len_cp + len;
1908 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1909 					*pkthdrlen = *plen;
1910 			}
1911 			frags += howmany(mlen, fragsize);
1912 			if (frags == 0)
1913 				frags++;
1914 			seglimit -= frags;
1915 			KASSERT(seglimit > 0,
1916 			    ("%s: seglimit went too low", __func__));
1917 		}
1918 		if (copyhdr)
1919 			n = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, m->m_type);
1920 		else
1921 			n = m_get(M_NOWAIT, m->m_type);
1922 		*np = n;
1923 		if (n == NULL)
1924 			goto nospace;
1925 		if (copyhdr) {
1926 			if (!m_dup_pkthdr(n, m, M_NOWAIT))
1927 				goto nospace;
1928 			if (len == M_COPYALL)
1929 				n->m_pkthdr.len -= off0;
1930 			else
1931 				n->m_pkthdr.len = len;
1932 			pkthdrlen = &n->m_pkthdr.len;
1933 			copyhdr = false;
1934 		}
1935 		n->m_len = mlen;
1936 		len_cp += n->m_len;
1937 		if (m->m_flags & M_EXT) {
1938 			n->m_data = m->m_data + off;
1939 			mb_dupcl(n, m);
1940 		} else
1941 			bcopy(mtod(m, caddr_t)+off, mtod(n, caddr_t),
1942 			    (u_int)n->m_len);
1943 
1944 		if (sb && (sb->sb_sndptr == m) &&
1945 		    ((n->m_len + off) >= m->m_len) && m->m_next) {
1946 			sb->sb_sndptroff += m->m_len;
1947 			sb->sb_sndptr = m->m_next;
1948 		}
1949 		off = 0;
1950 		if (len != M_COPYALL) {
1951 			len -= n->m_len;
1952 		}
1953 		m = m->m_next;
1954 		np = &n->m_next;
1955 	}
1956 	return (top);
1957 nospace:
1958 	m_freem(top);
1959 	return (NULL);
1960 }
1961 
1962 void
1963 tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(struct tcpcb *tp, struct socket *so, uint32_t sendwin)
1964 {
1965 
1966 	/*
1967 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
1968 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
1969 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
1970 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
1971 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
1972 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
1973 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
1974 	 *
1975 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
1976 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
1977 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
1978 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
1979 	 *     have data to make use of it);
1980 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
1981 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
1982 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
1983 	 *
1984 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
1985 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
1986 	 * maximum.
1987 	 *
1988 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
1989 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
1990 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
1991 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
1992 	 * delay*bandwidth product.  However testing has shown this not
1993 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
1994 	 * of available bandwidth (the non-use of it) for wasting some
1995 	 * socket buffer memory.
1996 	 *
1997 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
1998 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
1999 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
2000 	 *
2001 	 * XXXGL: should there be used sbused() or sbavail()?
2002 	 */
2003 	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
2004 		int lowat;
2005 
2006 		lowat = V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat ? so->so_snd.sb_lowat : 0;
2007 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat - lowat &&
2008 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) >=
2009 		    (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) - lowat &&
2010 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
2011 		    sendwin >= (sbused(&so->so_snd) -
2012 		    (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
2013 			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
2014 			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
2015 			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
2016 				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
2017 		}
2018 	}
2019 }
2020