xref: /freebsd-src/contrib/llvm-project/llvm/tools/llvm-mca/llvm-mca.cpp (revision bdd1243df58e60e85101c09001d9812a789b6bc4)
1 //===-- llvm-mca.cpp - Machine Code Analyzer -------------------*- C++ -* -===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 // This utility is a simple driver that allows static performance analysis on
10 // machine code similarly to how IACA (Intel Architecture Code Analyzer) works.
11 //
12 //   llvm-mca [options] <file-name>
13 //      -march <type>
14 //      -mcpu <cpu>
15 //      -o <file>
16 //
17 // The target defaults to the host target.
18 // The cpu defaults to the 'native' host cpu.
19 // The output defaults to standard output.
20 //
21 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
22 
23 #include "CodeRegion.h"
24 #include "CodeRegionGenerator.h"
25 #include "PipelinePrinter.h"
26 #include "Views/BottleneckAnalysis.h"
27 #include "Views/DispatchStatistics.h"
28 #include "Views/InstructionInfoView.h"
29 #include "Views/RegisterFileStatistics.h"
30 #include "Views/ResourcePressureView.h"
31 #include "Views/RetireControlUnitStatistics.h"
32 #include "Views/SchedulerStatistics.h"
33 #include "Views/SummaryView.h"
34 #include "Views/TimelineView.h"
35 #include "llvm/MC/MCAsmBackend.h"
36 #include "llvm/MC/MCAsmInfo.h"
37 #include "llvm/MC/MCCodeEmitter.h"
38 #include "llvm/MC/MCContext.h"
39 #include "llvm/MC/MCObjectFileInfo.h"
40 #include "llvm/MC/MCRegisterInfo.h"
41 #include "llvm/MC/MCSubtargetInfo.h"
42 #include "llvm/MC/MCTargetOptionsCommandFlags.h"
43 #include "llvm/MC/TargetRegistry.h"
44 #include "llvm/MCA/CodeEmitter.h"
45 #include "llvm/MCA/Context.h"
46 #include "llvm/MCA/CustomBehaviour.h"
47 #include "llvm/MCA/InstrBuilder.h"
48 #include "llvm/MCA/Pipeline.h"
49 #include "llvm/MCA/Stages/EntryStage.h"
50 #include "llvm/MCA/Stages/InstructionTables.h"
51 #include "llvm/MCA/Support.h"
52 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
53 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
54 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorOr.h"
55 #include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
56 #include "llvm/Support/Host.h"
57 #include "llvm/Support/InitLLVM.h"
58 #include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
59 #include "llvm/Support/SourceMgr.h"
60 #include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
61 #include "llvm/Support/ToolOutputFile.h"
62 #include "llvm/Support/WithColor.h"
63 
64 using namespace llvm;
65 
66 static mc::RegisterMCTargetOptionsFlags MOF;
67 
68 static cl::OptionCategory ToolOptions("Tool Options");
69 static cl::OptionCategory ViewOptions("View Options");
70 
71 static cl::opt<std::string> InputFilename(cl::Positional,
72                                           cl::desc("<input file>"),
73                                           cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init("-"));
74 
75 static cl::opt<std::string> OutputFilename("o", cl::desc("Output filename"),
76                                            cl::init("-"), cl::cat(ToolOptions),
77                                            cl::value_desc("filename"));
78 
79 static cl::opt<std::string>
80     ArchName("march",
81              cl::desc("Target architecture. "
82                       "See -version for available targets"),
83              cl::cat(ToolOptions));
84 
85 static cl::opt<std::string>
86     TripleName("mtriple",
87                cl::desc("Target triple. See -version for available targets"),
88                cl::cat(ToolOptions));
89 
90 static cl::opt<std::string>
91     MCPU("mcpu",
92          cl::desc("Target a specific cpu type (-mcpu=help for details)"),
93          cl::value_desc("cpu-name"), cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init("native"));
94 
95 static cl::list<std::string>
96     MATTRS("mattr", cl::CommaSeparated,
97            cl::desc("Target specific attributes (-mattr=help for details)"),
98            cl::value_desc("a1,+a2,-a3,..."), cl::cat(ToolOptions));
99 
100 static cl::opt<bool> PrintJson("json",
101                                cl::desc("Print the output in json format"),
102                                cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(false));
103 
104 static cl::opt<int>
105     OutputAsmVariant("output-asm-variant",
106                      cl::desc("Syntax variant to use for output printing"),
107                      cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(-1));
108 
109 static cl::opt<bool>
110     PrintImmHex("print-imm-hex", cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(false),
111                 cl::desc("Prefer hex format when printing immediate values"));
112 
113 static cl::opt<unsigned> Iterations("iterations",
114                                     cl::desc("Number of iterations to run"),
115                                     cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(0));
116 
117 static cl::opt<unsigned>
118     DispatchWidth("dispatch", cl::desc("Override the processor dispatch width"),
119                   cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(0));
120 
121 static cl::opt<unsigned>
122     RegisterFileSize("register-file-size",
123                      cl::desc("Maximum number of physical registers which can "
124                               "be used for register mappings"),
125                      cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(0));
126 
127 static cl::opt<unsigned>
128     MicroOpQueue("micro-op-queue-size", cl::Hidden,
129                  cl::desc("Number of entries in the micro-op queue"),
130                  cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(0));
131 
132 static cl::opt<unsigned>
133     DecoderThroughput("decoder-throughput", cl::Hidden,
134                       cl::desc("Maximum throughput from the decoders "
135                                "(instructions per cycle)"),
136                       cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(0));
137 
138 static cl::opt<bool>
139     PrintRegisterFileStats("register-file-stats",
140                            cl::desc("Print register file statistics"),
141                            cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
142 
143 static cl::opt<bool> PrintDispatchStats("dispatch-stats",
144                                         cl::desc("Print dispatch statistics"),
145                                         cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
146 
147 static cl::opt<bool>
148     PrintSummaryView("summary-view", cl::Hidden,
149                      cl::desc("Print summary view (enabled by default)"),
150                      cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(true));
151 
152 static cl::opt<bool> PrintSchedulerStats("scheduler-stats",
153                                          cl::desc("Print scheduler statistics"),
154                                          cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
155 
156 static cl::opt<bool>
157     PrintRetireStats("retire-stats",
158                      cl::desc("Print retire control unit statistics"),
159                      cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
160 
161 static cl::opt<bool> PrintResourcePressureView(
162     "resource-pressure",
163     cl::desc("Print the resource pressure view (enabled by default)"),
164     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(true));
165 
166 static cl::opt<bool> PrintTimelineView("timeline",
167                                        cl::desc("Print the timeline view"),
168                                        cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
169 
170 static cl::opt<unsigned> TimelineMaxIterations(
171     "timeline-max-iterations",
172     cl::desc("Maximum number of iterations to print in timeline view"),
173     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(0));
174 
175 static cl::opt<unsigned>
176     TimelineMaxCycles("timeline-max-cycles",
177                       cl::desc("Maximum number of cycles in the timeline view, "
178                                "or 0 for unlimited. Defaults to 80 cycles"),
179                       cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(80));
180 
181 static cl::opt<bool>
182     AssumeNoAlias("noalias",
183                   cl::desc("If set, assume that loads and stores do not alias"),
184                   cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(true));
185 
186 static cl::opt<unsigned> LoadQueueSize("lqueue",
187                                        cl::desc("Size of the load queue"),
188                                        cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(0));
189 
190 static cl::opt<unsigned> StoreQueueSize("squeue",
191                                         cl::desc("Size of the store queue"),
192                                         cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(0));
193 
194 static cl::opt<bool>
195     PrintInstructionTables("instruction-tables",
196                            cl::desc("Print instruction tables"),
197                            cl::cat(ToolOptions), cl::init(false));
198 
199 static cl::opt<bool> PrintInstructionInfoView(
200     "instruction-info",
201     cl::desc("Print the instruction info view (enabled by default)"),
202     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(true));
203 
204 static cl::opt<bool> EnableAllStats("all-stats",
205                                     cl::desc("Print all hardware statistics"),
206                                     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
207 
208 static cl::opt<bool>
209     EnableAllViews("all-views",
210                    cl::desc("Print all views including hardware statistics"),
211                    cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
212 
213 static cl::opt<bool> EnableBottleneckAnalysis(
214     "bottleneck-analysis",
215     cl::desc("Enable bottleneck analysis (disabled by default)"),
216     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
217 
218 static cl::opt<bool> ShowEncoding(
219     "show-encoding",
220     cl::desc("Print encoding information in the instruction info view"),
221     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
222 
223 static cl::opt<bool> ShowBarriers(
224     "show-barriers",
225     cl::desc("Print memory barrier information in the instruction info view"),
226     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
227 
228 static cl::opt<bool> DisableCustomBehaviour(
229     "disable-cb",
230     cl::desc(
231         "Disable custom behaviour (use the default class which does nothing)."),
232     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
233 
234 static cl::opt<bool> DisableInstrumentManager(
235     "disable-im",
236     cl::desc("Disable instrumentation manager (use the default class which "
237              "ignores instruments.)."),
238     cl::cat(ViewOptions), cl::init(false));
239 
240 namespace {
241 
242 const Target *getTarget(const char *ProgName) {
243   if (TripleName.empty())
244     TripleName = Triple::normalize(sys::getDefaultTargetTriple());
245   Triple TheTriple(TripleName);
246 
247   // Get the target specific parser.
248   std::string Error;
249   const Target *TheTarget =
250       TargetRegistry::lookupTarget(ArchName, TheTriple, Error);
251   if (!TheTarget) {
252     errs() << ProgName << ": " << Error;
253     return nullptr;
254   }
255 
256   // Update TripleName with the updated triple from the target lookup.
257   TripleName = TheTriple.str();
258 
259   // Return the found target.
260   return TheTarget;
261 }
262 
263 ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<ToolOutputFile>> getOutputStream() {
264   if (OutputFilename == "")
265     OutputFilename = "-";
266   std::error_code EC;
267   auto Out = std::make_unique<ToolOutputFile>(OutputFilename, EC,
268                                               sys::fs::OF_TextWithCRLF);
269   if (!EC)
270     return std::move(Out);
271   return EC;
272 }
273 } // end of anonymous namespace
274 
275 static void processOptionImpl(cl::opt<bool> &O, const cl::opt<bool> &Default) {
276   if (!O.getNumOccurrences() || O.getPosition() < Default.getPosition())
277     O = Default.getValue();
278 }
279 
280 static void processViewOptions(bool IsOutOfOrder) {
281   if (!EnableAllViews.getNumOccurrences() &&
282       !EnableAllStats.getNumOccurrences())
283     return;
284 
285   if (EnableAllViews.getNumOccurrences()) {
286     processOptionImpl(PrintSummaryView, EnableAllViews);
287     if (IsOutOfOrder)
288       processOptionImpl(EnableBottleneckAnalysis, EnableAllViews);
289     processOptionImpl(PrintResourcePressureView, EnableAllViews);
290     processOptionImpl(PrintTimelineView, EnableAllViews);
291     processOptionImpl(PrintInstructionInfoView, EnableAllViews);
292   }
293 
294   const cl::opt<bool> &Default =
295       EnableAllViews.getPosition() < EnableAllStats.getPosition()
296           ? EnableAllStats
297           : EnableAllViews;
298   processOptionImpl(PrintRegisterFileStats, Default);
299   processOptionImpl(PrintDispatchStats, Default);
300   processOptionImpl(PrintSchedulerStats, Default);
301   if (IsOutOfOrder)
302     processOptionImpl(PrintRetireStats, Default);
303 }
304 
305 // Returns true on success.
306 static bool runPipeline(mca::Pipeline &P) {
307   // Handle pipeline errors here.
308   Expected<unsigned> Cycles = P.run();
309   if (!Cycles) {
310     WithColor::error() << toString(Cycles.takeError());
311     return false;
312   }
313   return true;
314 }
315 
316 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
317   InitLLVM X(argc, argv);
318 
319   // Initialize targets and assembly parsers.
320   InitializeAllTargetInfos();
321   InitializeAllTargetMCs();
322   InitializeAllAsmParsers();
323   InitializeAllTargetMCAs();
324 
325   // Register the Target and CPU printer for --version.
326   cl::AddExtraVersionPrinter(sys::printDefaultTargetAndDetectedCPU);
327 
328   // Enable printing of available targets when flag --version is specified.
329   cl::AddExtraVersionPrinter(TargetRegistry::printRegisteredTargetsForVersion);
330 
331   cl::HideUnrelatedOptions({&ToolOptions, &ViewOptions});
332 
333   // Parse flags and initialize target options.
334   cl::ParseCommandLineOptions(argc, argv,
335                               "llvm machine code performance analyzer.\n");
336 
337   // Get the target from the triple. If a triple is not specified, then select
338   // the default triple for the host. If the triple doesn't correspond to any
339   // registered target, then exit with an error message.
340   const char *ProgName = argv[0];
341   const Target *TheTarget = getTarget(ProgName);
342   if (!TheTarget)
343     return 1;
344 
345   // GetTarget() may replaced TripleName with a default triple.
346   // For safety, reconstruct the Triple object.
347   Triple TheTriple(TripleName);
348 
349   ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> BufferPtr =
350       MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(InputFilename);
351   if (std::error_code EC = BufferPtr.getError()) {
352     WithColor::error() << InputFilename << ": " << EC.message() << '\n';
353     return 1;
354   }
355 
356   if (MCPU == "native")
357     MCPU = std::string(llvm::sys::getHostCPUName());
358 
359   // Package up features to be passed to target/subtarget
360   std::string FeaturesStr;
361   if (MATTRS.size()) {
362     SubtargetFeatures Features;
363     for (std::string &MAttr : MATTRS)
364       Features.AddFeature(MAttr);
365     FeaturesStr = Features.getString();
366   }
367 
368   std::unique_ptr<MCSubtargetInfo> STI(
369       TheTarget->createMCSubtargetInfo(TripleName, MCPU, FeaturesStr));
370   assert(STI && "Unable to create subtarget info!");
371   if (!STI->isCPUStringValid(MCPU))
372     return 1;
373 
374   if (!STI->getSchedModel().hasInstrSchedModel()) {
375     WithColor::error()
376         << "unable to find instruction-level scheduling information for"
377         << " target triple '" << TheTriple.normalize() << "' and cpu '" << MCPU
378         << "'.\n";
379 
380     if (STI->getSchedModel().InstrItineraries)
381       WithColor::note()
382           << "cpu '" << MCPU << "' provides itineraries. However, "
383           << "instruction itineraries are currently unsupported.\n";
384     return 1;
385   }
386 
387   // Apply overrides to llvm-mca specific options.
388   bool IsOutOfOrder = STI->getSchedModel().isOutOfOrder();
389   processViewOptions(IsOutOfOrder);
390 
391   std::unique_ptr<MCRegisterInfo> MRI(TheTarget->createMCRegInfo(TripleName));
392   assert(MRI && "Unable to create target register info!");
393 
394   MCTargetOptions MCOptions = mc::InitMCTargetOptionsFromFlags();
395   std::unique_ptr<MCAsmInfo> MAI(
396       TheTarget->createMCAsmInfo(*MRI, TripleName, MCOptions));
397   assert(MAI && "Unable to create target asm info!");
398 
399   SourceMgr SrcMgr;
400 
401   // Tell SrcMgr about this buffer, which is what the parser will pick up.
402   SrcMgr.AddNewSourceBuffer(std::move(*BufferPtr), SMLoc());
403 
404   MCContext Ctx(TheTriple, MAI.get(), MRI.get(), STI.get(), &SrcMgr);
405   std::unique_ptr<MCObjectFileInfo> MOFI(
406       TheTarget->createMCObjectFileInfo(Ctx, /*PIC=*/false));
407   Ctx.setObjectFileInfo(MOFI.get());
408 
409   std::unique_ptr<buffer_ostream> BOS;
410 
411   std::unique_ptr<MCInstrInfo> MCII(TheTarget->createMCInstrInfo());
412   assert(MCII && "Unable to create instruction info!");
413 
414   std::unique_ptr<MCInstrAnalysis> MCIA(
415       TheTarget->createMCInstrAnalysis(MCII.get()));
416 
417   // Need to initialize an MCInstPrinter as it is
418   // required for initializing the MCTargetStreamer
419   // which needs to happen within the CRG.parseAnalysisRegions() call below.
420   // Without an MCTargetStreamer, certain assembly directives can trigger a
421   // segfault. (For example, the .cv_fpo_proc directive on x86 will segfault if
422   // we don't initialize the MCTargetStreamer.)
423   unsigned IPtempOutputAsmVariant =
424       OutputAsmVariant == -1 ? 0 : OutputAsmVariant;
425   std::unique_ptr<MCInstPrinter> IPtemp(TheTarget->createMCInstPrinter(
426       Triple(TripleName), IPtempOutputAsmVariant, *MAI, *MCII, *MRI));
427   if (!IPtemp) {
428     WithColor::error()
429         << "unable to create instruction printer for target triple '"
430         << TheTriple.normalize() << "' with assembly variant "
431         << IPtempOutputAsmVariant << ".\n";
432     return 1;
433   }
434 
435   // Parse the input and create CodeRegions that llvm-mca can analyze.
436   mca::AsmAnalysisRegionGenerator CRG(*TheTarget, SrcMgr, Ctx, *MAI, *STI,
437                                       *MCII);
438   Expected<const mca::AnalysisRegions &> RegionsOrErr =
439       CRG.parseAnalysisRegions(std::move(IPtemp));
440   if (!RegionsOrErr) {
441     if (auto Err =
442             handleErrors(RegionsOrErr.takeError(), [](const StringError &E) {
443               WithColor::error() << E.getMessage() << '\n';
444             })) {
445       // Default case.
446       WithColor::error() << toString(std::move(Err)) << '\n';
447     }
448     return 1;
449   }
450   const mca::AnalysisRegions &Regions = *RegionsOrErr;
451 
452   // Early exit if errors were found by the code region parsing logic.
453   if (!Regions.isValid())
454     return 1;
455 
456   if (Regions.empty()) {
457     WithColor::error() << "no assembly instructions found.\n";
458     return 1;
459   }
460 
461   std::unique_ptr<mca::InstrumentManager> IM;
462   if (!DisableInstrumentManager) {
463     IM = std::unique_ptr<mca::InstrumentManager>(
464         TheTarget->createInstrumentManager(*STI, *MCII));
465   }
466   if (!IM) {
467     // If the target doesn't have its own IM implemented (or the -disable-cb
468     // flag is set) then we use the base class (which does nothing).
469     IM = std::make_unique<mca::InstrumentManager>(*STI, *MCII);
470   }
471 
472   // Parse the input and create InstrumentRegion that llvm-mca
473   // can use to improve analysis.
474   mca::AsmInstrumentRegionGenerator IRG(*TheTarget, SrcMgr, Ctx, *MAI, *STI,
475                                         *MCII, *IM);
476   Expected<const mca::InstrumentRegions &> InstrumentRegionsOrErr =
477       IRG.parseInstrumentRegions(std::move(IPtemp));
478   if (!InstrumentRegionsOrErr) {
479     if (auto Err = handleErrors(InstrumentRegionsOrErr.takeError(),
480                                 [](const StringError &E) {
481                                   WithColor::error() << E.getMessage() << '\n';
482                                 })) {
483       // Default case.
484       WithColor::error() << toString(std::move(Err)) << '\n';
485     }
486     return 1;
487   }
488   const mca::InstrumentRegions &InstrumentRegions = *InstrumentRegionsOrErr;
489 
490   // Early exit if errors were found by the instrumentation parsing logic.
491   if (!InstrumentRegions.isValid())
492     return 1;
493 
494   // Now initialize the output file.
495   auto OF = getOutputStream();
496   if (std::error_code EC = OF.getError()) {
497     WithColor::error() << EC.message() << '\n';
498     return 1;
499   }
500 
501   unsigned AssemblerDialect = CRG.getAssemblerDialect();
502   if (OutputAsmVariant >= 0)
503     AssemblerDialect = static_cast<unsigned>(OutputAsmVariant);
504   std::unique_ptr<MCInstPrinter> IP(TheTarget->createMCInstPrinter(
505       Triple(TripleName), AssemblerDialect, *MAI, *MCII, *MRI));
506   if (!IP) {
507     WithColor::error()
508         << "unable to create instruction printer for target triple '"
509         << TheTriple.normalize() << "' with assembly variant "
510         << AssemblerDialect << ".\n";
511     return 1;
512   }
513 
514   // Set the display preference for hex vs. decimal immediates.
515   IP->setPrintImmHex(PrintImmHex);
516 
517   std::unique_ptr<ToolOutputFile> TOF = std::move(*OF);
518 
519   const MCSchedModel &SM = STI->getSchedModel();
520 
521   std::unique_ptr<mca::InstrPostProcess> IPP;
522   if (!DisableCustomBehaviour) {
523     // TODO: It may be a good idea to separate CB and IPP so that they can
524     // be used independently of each other. What I mean by this is to add
525     // an extra command-line arg --disable-ipp so that CB and IPP can be
526     // toggled without needing to toggle both of them together.
527     IPP = std::unique_ptr<mca::InstrPostProcess>(
528         TheTarget->createInstrPostProcess(*STI, *MCII));
529   }
530   if (!IPP) {
531     // If the target doesn't have its own IPP implemented (or the -disable-cb
532     // flag is set) then we use the base class (which does nothing).
533     IPP = std::make_unique<mca::InstrPostProcess>(*STI, *MCII);
534   }
535 
536   // Create an instruction builder.
537   mca::InstrBuilder IB(*STI, *MCII, *MRI, MCIA.get(), *IM);
538 
539   // Create a context to control ownership of the pipeline hardware.
540   mca::Context MCA(*MRI, *STI);
541 
542   mca::PipelineOptions PO(MicroOpQueue, DecoderThroughput, DispatchWidth,
543                           RegisterFileSize, LoadQueueSize, StoreQueueSize,
544                           AssumeNoAlias, EnableBottleneckAnalysis);
545 
546   // Number each region in the sequence.
547   unsigned RegionIdx = 0;
548 
549   std::unique_ptr<MCCodeEmitter> MCE(
550       TheTarget->createMCCodeEmitter(*MCII, Ctx));
551   assert(MCE && "Unable to create code emitter!");
552 
553   std::unique_ptr<MCAsmBackend> MAB(TheTarget->createMCAsmBackend(
554       *STI, *MRI, mc::InitMCTargetOptionsFromFlags()));
555   assert(MAB && "Unable to create asm backend!");
556 
557   json::Object JSONOutput;
558   for (const std::unique_ptr<mca::AnalysisRegion> &Region : Regions) {
559     // Skip empty code regions.
560     if (Region->empty())
561       continue;
562 
563     IB.clear();
564 
565     // Lower the MCInst sequence into an mca::Instruction sequence.
566     ArrayRef<MCInst> Insts = Region->getInstructions();
567     mca::CodeEmitter CE(*STI, *MAB, *MCE, Insts);
568 
569     IPP->resetState();
570 
571     SmallVector<std::unique_ptr<mca::Instruction>> LoweredSequence;
572     for (const MCInst &MCI : Insts) {
573       SMLoc Loc = MCI.getLoc();
574       const SmallVector<mca::SharedInstrument> Instruments =
575           InstrumentRegions.getActiveInstruments(Loc);
576 
577       Expected<std::unique_ptr<mca::Instruction>> Inst =
578           IB.createInstruction(MCI, Instruments);
579       if (!Inst) {
580         if (auto NewE = handleErrors(
581                 Inst.takeError(),
582                 [&IP, &STI](const mca::InstructionError<MCInst> &IE) {
583                   std::string InstructionStr;
584                   raw_string_ostream SS(InstructionStr);
585                   WithColor::error() << IE.Message << '\n';
586                   IP->printInst(&IE.Inst, 0, "", *STI, SS);
587                   SS.flush();
588                   WithColor::note()
589                       << "instruction: " << InstructionStr << '\n';
590                 })) {
591           // Default case.
592           WithColor::error() << toString(std::move(NewE));
593         }
594         return 1;
595       }
596 
597       IPP->postProcessInstruction(Inst.get(), MCI);
598 
599       LoweredSequence.emplace_back(std::move(Inst.get()));
600     }
601 
602     mca::CircularSourceMgr S(LoweredSequence,
603                              PrintInstructionTables ? 1 : Iterations);
604 
605     if (PrintInstructionTables) {
606       //  Create a pipeline, stages, and a printer.
607       auto P = std::make_unique<mca::Pipeline>();
608       P->appendStage(std::make_unique<mca::EntryStage>(S));
609       P->appendStage(std::make_unique<mca::InstructionTables>(SM));
610 
611       mca::PipelinePrinter Printer(*P, *Region, RegionIdx, *STI, PO);
612       if (PrintJson) {
613         Printer.addView(
614             std::make_unique<mca::InstructionView>(*STI, *IP, Insts));
615       }
616 
617       // Create the views for this pipeline, execute, and emit a report.
618       if (PrintInstructionInfoView) {
619         Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::InstructionInfoView>(
620             *STI, *MCII, CE, ShowEncoding, Insts, *IP, LoweredSequence,
621             ShowBarriers));
622       }
623       Printer.addView(
624           std::make_unique<mca::ResourcePressureView>(*STI, *IP, Insts));
625 
626       if (!runPipeline(*P))
627         return 1;
628 
629       if (PrintJson) {
630         Printer.printReport(JSONOutput);
631       } else {
632         Printer.printReport(TOF->os());
633       }
634 
635       ++RegionIdx;
636       continue;
637     }
638 
639     // Create the CustomBehaviour object for enforcing Target Specific
640     // behaviours and dependencies that aren't expressed well enough
641     // in the tablegen. CB cannot depend on the list of MCInst or
642     // the source code (but it can depend on the list of
643     // mca::Instruction or any objects that can be reconstructed
644     // from the target information).
645     std::unique_ptr<mca::CustomBehaviour> CB;
646     if (!DisableCustomBehaviour)
647       CB = std::unique_ptr<mca::CustomBehaviour>(
648           TheTarget->createCustomBehaviour(*STI, S, *MCII));
649     if (!CB)
650       // If the target doesn't have its own CB implemented (or the -disable-cb
651       // flag is set) then we use the base class (which does nothing).
652       CB = std::make_unique<mca::CustomBehaviour>(*STI, S, *MCII);
653 
654     // Create a basic pipeline simulating an out-of-order backend.
655     auto P = MCA.createDefaultPipeline(PO, S, *CB);
656 
657     mca::PipelinePrinter Printer(*P, *Region, RegionIdx, *STI, PO);
658 
659     // Targets can define their own custom Views that exist within their
660     // /lib/Target/ directory so that the View can utilize their CustomBehaviour
661     // or other backend symbols / functionality that are not already exposed
662     // through one of the MC-layer classes. These Views will be initialized
663     // using the CustomBehaviour::getViews() variants.
664     // If a target makes a custom View that does not depend on their target
665     // CB or their backend, they should put the View within
666     // /tools/llvm-mca/Views/ instead.
667     if (!DisableCustomBehaviour) {
668       std::vector<std::unique_ptr<mca::View>> CBViews =
669           CB->getStartViews(*IP, Insts);
670       for (auto &CBView : CBViews)
671         Printer.addView(std::move(CBView));
672     }
673 
674     // When we output JSON, we add a view that contains the instructions
675     // and CPU resource information.
676     if (PrintJson) {
677       auto IV = std::make_unique<mca::InstructionView>(*STI, *IP, Insts);
678       Printer.addView(std::move(IV));
679     }
680 
681     if (PrintSummaryView)
682       Printer.addView(
683           std::make_unique<mca::SummaryView>(SM, Insts, DispatchWidth));
684 
685     if (EnableBottleneckAnalysis) {
686       if (!IsOutOfOrder) {
687         WithColor::warning()
688             << "bottleneck analysis is not supported for in-order CPU '" << MCPU
689             << "'.\n";
690       }
691       Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::BottleneckAnalysis>(
692           *STI, *IP, Insts, S.getNumIterations()));
693     }
694 
695     if (PrintInstructionInfoView)
696       Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::InstructionInfoView>(
697           *STI, *MCII, CE, ShowEncoding, Insts, *IP, LoweredSequence,
698           ShowBarriers));
699 
700     // Fetch custom Views that are to be placed after the InstructionInfoView.
701     // Refer to the comment paired with the CB->getStartViews(*IP, Insts); line
702     // for more info.
703     if (!DisableCustomBehaviour) {
704       std::vector<std::unique_ptr<mca::View>> CBViews =
705           CB->getPostInstrInfoViews(*IP, Insts);
706       for (auto &CBView : CBViews)
707         Printer.addView(std::move(CBView));
708     }
709 
710     if (PrintDispatchStats)
711       Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::DispatchStatistics>());
712 
713     if (PrintSchedulerStats)
714       Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::SchedulerStatistics>(*STI));
715 
716     if (PrintRetireStats)
717       Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::RetireControlUnitStatistics>(SM));
718 
719     if (PrintRegisterFileStats)
720       Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::RegisterFileStatistics>(*STI));
721 
722     if (PrintResourcePressureView)
723       Printer.addView(
724           std::make_unique<mca::ResourcePressureView>(*STI, *IP, Insts));
725 
726     if (PrintTimelineView) {
727       unsigned TimelineIterations =
728           TimelineMaxIterations ? TimelineMaxIterations : 10;
729       Printer.addView(std::make_unique<mca::TimelineView>(
730           *STI, *IP, Insts, std::min(TimelineIterations, S.getNumIterations()),
731           TimelineMaxCycles));
732     }
733 
734     // Fetch custom Views that are to be placed after all other Views.
735     // Refer to the comment paired with the CB->getStartViews(*IP, Insts); line
736     // for more info.
737     if (!DisableCustomBehaviour) {
738       std::vector<std::unique_ptr<mca::View>> CBViews =
739           CB->getEndViews(*IP, Insts);
740       for (auto &CBView : CBViews)
741         Printer.addView(std::move(CBView));
742     }
743 
744     if (!runPipeline(*P))
745       return 1;
746 
747     if (PrintJson) {
748       Printer.printReport(JSONOutput);
749     } else {
750       Printer.printReport(TOF->os());
751     }
752 
753     ++RegionIdx;
754   }
755 
756   if (PrintJson)
757     TOF->os() << formatv("{0:2}", json::Value(std::move(JSONOutput))) << "\n";
758 
759   TOF->keep();
760   return 0;
761 }
762