xref: /freebsd-src/contrib/llvm-project/llvm/lib/Target/NVPTX/NVPTXLowerArgs.cpp (revision 0fca6ea1d4eea4c934cfff25ac9ee8ad6fe95583)

//===-- NVPTXLowerArgs.cpp - Lower arguments ------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//
// Arguments to kernel and device functions are passed via param space,
// which imposes certain restrictions:
// http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/#state-spaces
//
// Kernel parameters are read-only and accessible only via ld.param
// instruction, directly or via a pointer.
//
// Device function parameters are directly accessible via
// ld.param/st.param, but taking the address of one returns a pointer
// to a copy created in local space which *can't* be used with
// ld.param/st.param.
//
// Copying a byval struct into local memory in IR allows us to enforce
// the param space restrictions, gives the rest of IR a pointer w/o
// param space restrictions, and gives us an opportunity to eliminate
// the copy.
//
// Pointer arguments to kernel functions need more work to be lowered:
//
// 1. Convert non-byval pointer arguments of CUDA kernels to pointers in the
//    global address space. This allows later optimizations to emit
//    ld.global.*/st.global.* for accessing these pointer arguments. For
//    example,
//
//    define void @foo(float* %input) {
//      %v = load float, float* %input, align 4
//      ...
//    }
//
//    becomes
//
//    define void @foo(float* %input) {
//      %input2 = addrspacecast float* %input to float addrspace(1)*
//      %input3 = addrspacecast float addrspace(1)* %input2 to float*
//      %v = load float, float* %input3, align 4
//      ...
//    }
//
//    Later, NVPTXInferAddressSpaces will optimize it to
//
//    define void @foo(float* %input) {
//      %input2 = addrspacecast float* %input to float addrspace(1)*
//      %v = load float, float addrspace(1)* %input2, align 4
//      ...
//    }
//
// 2. Convert byval kernel parameters to pointers in the param address space
//    (so that NVPTX emits ld/st.param).  Convert pointers *within* a byval
//    kernel parameter to pointers in the global address space. This allows
//    NVPTX to emit ld/st.global.
//
//    struct S {
//      int *x;
//      int *y;
//    };
//    __global__ void foo(S s) {
//      int *b = s.y;
//      // use b
//    }
//
//    "b" points to the global address space. In the IR level,
//
//    define void @foo(ptr byval %input) {
//      %b_ptr = getelementptr {ptr, ptr}, ptr %input, i64 0, i32 1
//      %b = load ptr, ptr %b_ptr
//      ; use %b
//    }
//
//    becomes
//
//    define void @foo({i32*, i32*}* byval %input) {
//      %b_param = addrspacecat ptr %input to ptr addrspace(101)
//      %b_ptr = getelementptr {ptr, ptr}, ptr addrspace(101) %b_param, i64 0, i32 1
//      %b = load ptr, ptr addrspace(101) %b_ptr
//      %b_global = addrspacecast ptr %b to ptr addrspace(1)
//      ; use %b_generic
//    }
//
//    Create a local copy of kernel byval parameters used in a way that *might* mutate
//    the parameter, by storing it in an alloca. Mutations to "grid_constant" parameters
//    are undefined behaviour, and don't require local copies.
//
//    define void @foo(ptr byval(%struct.s) align 4 %input) {
//       store i32 42, ptr %input
//       ret void
//    }
//
//    becomes
//
//    define void @foo(ptr byval(%struct.s) align 4 %input) #1 {
//      %input1 = alloca %struct.s, align 4
//      %input2 = addrspacecast ptr %input to ptr addrspace(101)
//      %input3 = load %struct.s, ptr addrspace(101) %input2, align 4
//      store %struct.s %input3, ptr %input1, align 4
//      store i32 42, ptr %input1, align 4
//      ret void
//    }
//
//    If %input were passed to a device function, or written to memory,
//    conservatively assume that %input gets mutated, and create a local copy.
//
//    Convert param pointers to grid_constant byval kernel parameters that are
//    passed into calls (device functions, intrinsics, inline asm), or otherwise
//    "escape" (into stores/ptrtoints) to the generic address space, using the
//    `nvvm.ptr.param.to.gen` intrinsic, so that NVPTX emits cvta.param
//    (available for sm70+)
//
//    define void @foo(ptr byval(%struct.s) %input) {
//      ; %input is a grid_constant
//      %call = call i32 @escape(ptr %input)
//      ret void
//    }
//
//    becomes
//
//    define void @foo(ptr byval(%struct.s) %input) {
//      %input1 = addrspacecast ptr %input to ptr addrspace(101)
//      ; the following intrinsic converts pointer to generic. We don't use an addrspacecast
//      ; to prevent generic -> param -> generic from getting cancelled out
//      %input1.gen = call ptr @llvm.nvvm.ptr.param.to.gen.p0.p101(ptr addrspace(101) %input1)
//      %call = call i32 @escape(ptr %input1.gen)
//      ret void
//    }
//
// TODO: merge this pass with NVPTXInferAddressSpaces so that other passes don't
// cancel the addrspacecast pair this pass emits.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "MCTargetDesc/NVPTXBaseInfo.h"
#include "NVPTX.h"
#include "NVPTXTargetMachine.h"
#include "NVPTXUtilities.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetPassConfig.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicsNVPTX.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>

#define DEBUG_TYPE "nvptx-lower-args"

using namespace llvm;

namespace llvm {
void initializeNVPTXLowerArgsPass(PassRegistry &);
}

namespace {
class NVPTXLowerArgs : public FunctionPass {
  bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override;

  bool runOnKernelFunction(const NVPTXTargetMachine &TM, Function &F);
  bool runOnDeviceFunction(const NVPTXTargetMachine &TM, Function &F);

  // handle byval parameters
  void handleByValParam(const NVPTXTargetMachine &TM, Argument *Arg);
  // Knowing Ptr must point to the global address space, this function
  // addrspacecasts Ptr to global and then back to generic. This allows
  // NVPTXInferAddressSpaces to fold the global-to-generic cast into
  // loads/stores that appear later.
  void markPointerAsGlobal(Value *Ptr);

public:
  static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
  NVPTXLowerArgs() : FunctionPass(ID) {}
  StringRef getPassName() const override {
    return "Lower pointer arguments of CUDA kernels";
  }
  void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
    AU.addRequired<TargetPassConfig>();
  }
};
} // namespace

char NVPTXLowerArgs::ID = 1;

INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(NVPTXLowerArgs, "nvptx-lower-args",
                      "Lower arguments (NVPTX)", false, false)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(TargetPassConfig)
INITIALIZE_PASS_END(NVPTXLowerArgs, "nvptx-lower-args",
                    "Lower arguments (NVPTX)", false, false)

// =============================================================================
// If the function had a byval struct ptr arg, say foo(%struct.x* byval %d),
// and we can't guarantee that the only accesses are loads,
// then add the following instructions to the first basic block:
//
// %temp = alloca %struct.x, align 8
// %tempd = addrspacecast %struct.x* %d to %struct.x addrspace(101)*
// %tv = load %struct.x addrspace(101)* %tempd
// store %struct.x %tv, %struct.x* %temp, align 8
//
// The above code allocates some space in the stack and copies the incoming
// struct from param space to local space.
// Then replace all occurrences of %d by %temp.
//
// In case we know that all users are GEPs or Loads, replace them with the same
// ones in parameter AS, so we can access them using ld.param.
// =============================================================================

// For Loads, replaces the \p OldUse of the pointer with a Use of the same
// pointer in parameter AS.
// For "escapes" (to memory, a function call, or a ptrtoint), cast the OldUse to
// generic using cvta.param.
static void convertToParamAS(Use *OldUse, Value *Param, bool GridConstant) {
  Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(OldUse->getUser());
  assert(I && "OldUse must be in an instruction");
  struct IP {
    Use *OldUse;
    Instruction *OldInstruction;
    Value *NewParam;
  };
  SmallVector<IP> ItemsToConvert = {{OldUse, I, Param}};
  SmallVector<Instruction *> InstructionsToDelete;

  auto CloneInstInParamAS = [GridConstant](const IP &I) -> Value * {
    if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(I.OldInstruction)) {
      LI->setOperand(0, I.NewParam);
      return LI;
    }
    if (auto *GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(I.OldInstruction)) {
      SmallVector<Value *, 4> Indices(GEP->indices());
      auto *NewGEP = GetElementPtrInst::Create(
          GEP->getSourceElementType(), I.NewParam, Indices, GEP->getName(),
          GEP->getIterator());
      NewGEP->setIsInBounds(GEP->isInBounds());
      return NewGEP;
    }
    if (auto *BC = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(I.OldInstruction)) {
      auto *NewBCType = PointerType::get(BC->getContext(), ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM);
      return BitCastInst::Create(BC->getOpcode(), I.NewParam, NewBCType,
                                 BC->getName(), BC->getIterator());
    }
    if (auto *ASC = dyn_cast<AddrSpaceCastInst>(I.OldInstruction)) {
      assert(ASC->getDestAddressSpace() == ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM);
      (void)ASC;
      // Just pass through the argument, the old ASC is no longer needed.
      return I.NewParam;
    }

    if (GridConstant) {
      auto GetParamAddrCastToGeneric =
          [](Value *Addr, Instruction *OriginalUser) -> Value * {
        PointerType *ReturnTy =
            PointerType::get(OriginalUser->getContext(), ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC);
        Function *CvtToGen = Intrinsic::getDeclaration(
            OriginalUser->getModule(), Intrinsic::nvvm_ptr_param_to_gen,
            {ReturnTy, PointerType::get(OriginalUser->getContext(),
                                        ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM)});

        // Cast param address to generic address space
        Value *CvtToGenCall =
            CallInst::Create(CvtToGen, Addr, Addr->getName() + ".gen",
                             OriginalUser->getIterator());
        return CvtToGenCall;
      };

      if (auto *CI = dyn_cast<CallInst>(I.OldInstruction)) {
        I.OldUse->set(GetParamAddrCastToGeneric(I.NewParam, CI));
        return CI;
      }
      if (auto *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(I.OldInstruction)) {
        // byval address is being stored, cast it to generic
        if (SI->getValueOperand() == I.OldUse->get())
          SI->setOperand(0, GetParamAddrCastToGeneric(I.NewParam, SI));
        return SI;
      }
      if (auto *PI = dyn_cast<PtrToIntInst>(I.OldInstruction)) {
        if (PI->getPointerOperand() == I.OldUse->get())
          PI->setOperand(0, GetParamAddrCastToGeneric(I.NewParam, PI));
        return PI;
      }
      llvm_unreachable(
          "Instruction unsupported even for grid_constant argument");
    }

    llvm_unreachable("Unsupported instruction");
  };

  while (!ItemsToConvert.empty()) {
    IP I = ItemsToConvert.pop_back_val();
    Value *NewInst = CloneInstInParamAS(I);

    if (NewInst && NewInst != I.OldInstruction) {
      // We've created a new instruction. Queue users of the old instruction to
      // be converted and the instruction itself to be deleted. We can't delete
      // the old instruction yet, because it's still in use by a load somewhere.
      for (Use &U : I.OldInstruction->uses())
        ItemsToConvert.push_back({&U, cast<Instruction>(U.getUser()), NewInst});

      InstructionsToDelete.push_back(I.OldInstruction);
    }
  }

  // Now we know that all argument loads are using addresses in parameter space
  // and we can finally remove the old instructions in generic AS.  Instructions
  // scheduled for removal should be processed in reverse order so the ones
  // closest to the load are deleted first. Otherwise they may still be in use.
  // E.g if we have Value = Load(BitCast(GEP(arg))), InstructionsToDelete will
  // have {GEP,BitCast}. GEP can't be deleted first, because it's still used by
  // the BitCast.
  for (Instruction *I : llvm::reverse(InstructionsToDelete))
    I->eraseFromParent();
}

// Adjust alignment of arguments passed byval in .param address space. We can
// increase alignment of such arguments in a way that ensures that we can
// effectively vectorize their loads. We should also traverse all loads from
// byval pointer and adjust their alignment, if those were using known offset.
// Such alignment changes must be conformed with parameter store and load in
// NVPTXTargetLowering::LowerCall.
static void adjustByValArgAlignment(Argument *Arg, Value *ArgInParamAS,
                                    const NVPTXTargetLowering *TLI) {
  Function *Func = Arg->getParent();
  Type *StructType = Arg->getParamByValType();
  const DataLayout DL(Func->getParent());

  uint64_t NewArgAlign =
      TLI->getFunctionParamOptimizedAlign(Func, StructType, DL).value();
  uint64_t CurArgAlign =
      Arg->getAttribute(Attribute::Alignment).getValueAsInt();

  if (CurArgAlign >= NewArgAlign)
    return;

  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Try to use alignment " << NewArgAlign << " instead of "
                    << CurArgAlign << " for " << *Arg << '\n');

  auto NewAlignAttr =
      Attribute::get(Func->getContext(), Attribute::Alignment, NewArgAlign);
  Arg->removeAttr(Attribute::Alignment);
  Arg->addAttr(NewAlignAttr);

  struct Load {
    LoadInst *Inst;
    uint64_t Offset;
  };

  struct LoadContext {
    Value *InitialVal;
    uint64_t Offset;
  };

  SmallVector<Load> Loads;
  std::queue<LoadContext> Worklist;
  Worklist.push({ArgInParamAS, 0});
  bool IsGridConstant = isParamGridConstant(*Arg);

  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
    LoadContext Ctx = Worklist.front();
    Worklist.pop();

    for (User *CurUser : Ctx.InitialVal->users()) {
      if (auto *I = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(CurUser)) {
        Loads.push_back({I, Ctx.Offset});
        continue;
      }

      if (auto *I = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(CurUser)) {
        Worklist.push({I, Ctx.Offset});
        continue;
      }

      if (auto *I = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(CurUser)) {
        APInt OffsetAccumulated =
            APInt::getZero(DL.getIndexSizeInBits(ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM));

        if (!I->accumulateConstantOffset(DL, OffsetAccumulated))
          continue;

        uint64_t OffsetLimit = -1;
        uint64_t Offset = OffsetAccumulated.getLimitedValue(OffsetLimit);
        assert(Offset != OffsetLimit && "Expect Offset less than UINT64_MAX");

        Worklist.push({I, Ctx.Offset + Offset});
        continue;
      }

      // supported for grid_constant
      if (IsGridConstant &&
          (isa<CallInst>(CurUser) || isa<StoreInst>(CurUser) ||
           isa<PtrToIntInst>(CurUser)))
        continue;

      llvm_unreachable("All users must be one of: load, "
                       "bitcast, getelementptr, call, store, ptrtoint");
    }
  }

  for (Load &CurLoad : Loads) {
    Align NewLoadAlign(std::gcd(NewArgAlign, CurLoad.Offset));
    Align CurLoadAlign(CurLoad.Inst->getAlign());
    CurLoad.Inst->setAlignment(std::max(NewLoadAlign, CurLoadAlign));
  }
}

void NVPTXLowerArgs::handleByValParam(const NVPTXTargetMachine &TM,
                                      Argument *Arg) {
  bool IsGridConstant = isParamGridConstant(*Arg);
  Function *Func = Arg->getParent();
  BasicBlock::iterator FirstInst = Func->getEntryBlock().begin();
  Type *StructType = Arg->getParamByValType();
  assert(StructType && "Missing byval type");

  auto AreSupportedUsers = [&](Value *Start) {
    SmallVector<Value *, 16> ValuesToCheck = {Start};
    auto IsSupportedUse = [IsGridConstant](Value *V) -> bool {
      if (isa<GetElementPtrInst>(V) || isa<BitCastInst>(V) || isa<LoadInst>(V))
        return true;
      // ASC to param space are OK, too -- we'll just strip them.
      if (auto *ASC = dyn_cast<AddrSpaceCastInst>(V)) {
        if (ASC->getDestAddressSpace() == ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM)
          return true;
      }
      // Simple calls and stores are supported for grid_constants
      // writes to these pointers are undefined behaviour
      if (IsGridConstant &&
          (isa<CallInst>(V) || isa<StoreInst>(V) || isa<PtrToIntInst>(V)))
        return true;
      return false;
    };

    while (!ValuesToCheck.empty()) {
      Value *V = ValuesToCheck.pop_back_val();
      if (!IsSupportedUse(V)) {
        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Need a "
                          << (isParamGridConstant(*Arg) ? "cast " : "copy ")
                          << "of " << *Arg << " because of " << *V << "\n");
        (void)Arg;
        return false;
      }
      if (!isa<LoadInst>(V) && !isa<CallInst>(V) && !isa<StoreInst>(V) &&
          !isa<PtrToIntInst>(V))
        llvm::append_range(ValuesToCheck, V->users());
    }
    return true;
  };

  if (llvm::all_of(Arg->users(), AreSupportedUsers)) {
    // Convert all loads and intermediate operations to use parameter AS and
    // skip creation of a local copy of the argument.
    SmallVector<Use *, 16> UsesToUpdate;
    for (Use &U : Arg->uses())
      UsesToUpdate.push_back(&U);

    Value *ArgInParamAS = new AddrSpaceCastInst(
        Arg, PointerType::get(StructType, ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM), Arg->getName(),
        FirstInst);
    for (Use *U : UsesToUpdate)
      convertToParamAS(U, ArgInParamAS, IsGridConstant);
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "No need to copy or cast " << *Arg << "\n");

    const auto *TLI =
        cast<NVPTXTargetLowering>(TM.getSubtargetImpl()->getTargetLowering());

    adjustByValArgAlignment(Arg, ArgInParamAS, TLI);

    return;
  }

  const DataLayout &DL = Func->getDataLayout();
  unsigned AS = DL.getAllocaAddrSpace();
  if (isParamGridConstant(*Arg)) {
    // Writes to a grid constant are undefined behaviour. We do not need a
    // temporary copy. When a pointer might have escaped, conservatively replace
    // all of its uses (which might include a device function call) with a cast
    // to the generic address space.
    IRBuilder<> IRB(&Func->getEntryBlock().front());

    // Cast argument to param address space
    auto *CastToParam = cast<AddrSpaceCastInst>(IRB.CreateAddrSpaceCast(
        Arg, IRB.getPtrTy(ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM), Arg->getName() + ".param"));

    // Cast param address to generic address space. We do not use an
    // addrspacecast to generic here, because, LLVM considers `Arg` to be in the
    // generic address space, and a `generic -> param` cast followed by a `param
    // -> generic` cast will be folded away. The `param -> generic` intrinsic
    // will be correctly lowered to `cvta.param`.
    Value *CvtToGenCall = IRB.CreateIntrinsic(
        IRB.getPtrTy(ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC), Intrinsic::nvvm_ptr_param_to_gen,
        CastToParam, nullptr, CastToParam->getName() + ".gen");

    Arg->replaceAllUsesWith(CvtToGenCall);

    // Do not replace Arg in the cast to param space
    CastToParam->setOperand(0, Arg);
  } else {
    // Otherwise we have to create a temporary copy.
    AllocaInst *AllocA =
        new AllocaInst(StructType, AS, Arg->getName(), FirstInst);
    // Set the alignment to alignment of the byval parameter. This is because,
    // later load/stores assume that alignment, and we are going to replace
    // the use of the byval parameter with this alloca instruction.
    AllocA->setAlignment(Func->getParamAlign(Arg->getArgNo())
                             .value_or(DL.getPrefTypeAlign(StructType)));
    Arg->replaceAllUsesWith(AllocA);

    Value *ArgInParam = new AddrSpaceCastInst(
        Arg, PointerType::get(Arg->getContext(), ADDRESS_SPACE_PARAM),
        Arg->getName(), FirstInst);
    // Be sure to propagate alignment to this load; LLVM doesn't know that NVPTX
    // addrspacecast preserves alignment.  Since params are constant, this load
    // is definitely not volatile.
    LoadInst *LI =
        new LoadInst(StructType, ArgInParam, Arg->getName(),
                     /*isVolatile=*/false, AllocA->getAlign(), FirstInst);
    new StoreInst(LI, AllocA, FirstInst);
  }
}

void NVPTXLowerArgs::markPointerAsGlobal(Value *Ptr) {
  if (Ptr->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace() != ADDRESS_SPACE_GENERIC)
    return;

  // Deciding where to emit the addrspacecast pair.
  BasicBlock::iterator InsertPt;
  if (Argument *Arg = dyn_cast<Argument>(Ptr)) {
    // Insert at the functon entry if Ptr is an argument.
    InsertPt = Arg->getParent()->getEntryBlock().begin();
  } else {
    // Insert right after Ptr if Ptr is an instruction.
    InsertPt = ++cast<Instruction>(Ptr)->getIterator();
    assert(InsertPt != InsertPt->getParent()->end() &&
           "We don't call this function with Ptr being a terminator.");
  }

  Instruction *PtrInGlobal = new AddrSpaceCastInst(
      Ptr, PointerType::get(Ptr->getContext(), ADDRESS_SPACE_GLOBAL),
      Ptr->getName(), InsertPt);
  Value *PtrInGeneric = new AddrSpaceCastInst(PtrInGlobal, Ptr->getType(),
                                              Ptr->getName(), InsertPt);
  // Replace with PtrInGeneric all uses of Ptr except PtrInGlobal.
  Ptr->replaceAllUsesWith(PtrInGeneric);
  PtrInGlobal->setOperand(0, Ptr);
}

// =============================================================================
// Main function for this pass.
// =============================================================================
bool NVPTXLowerArgs::runOnKernelFunction(const NVPTXTargetMachine &TM,
                                         Function &F) {
  // Copying of byval aggregates + SROA may result in pointers being loaded as
  // integers, followed by intotoptr. We may want to mark those as global, too,
  // but only if the loaded integer is used exclusively for conversion to a
  // pointer with inttoptr.
  auto HandleIntToPtr = [this](Value &V) {
    if (llvm::all_of(V.users(), [](User *U) { return isa<IntToPtrInst>(U); })) {
      SmallVector<User *, 16> UsersToUpdate(V.users());
      for (User *U : UsersToUpdate)
        markPointerAsGlobal(U);
    }
  };
  if (TM.getDrvInterface() == NVPTX::CUDA) {
    // Mark pointers in byval structs as global.
    for (auto &B : F) {
      for (auto &I : B) {
        if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(&I)) {
          if (LI->getType()->isPointerTy() || LI->getType()->isIntegerTy()) {
            Value *UO = getUnderlyingObject(LI->getPointerOperand());
            if (Argument *Arg = dyn_cast<Argument>(UO)) {
              if (Arg->hasByValAttr()) {
                // LI is a load from a pointer within a byval kernel parameter.
                if (LI->getType()->isPointerTy())
                  markPointerAsGlobal(LI);
                else
                  HandleIntToPtr(*LI);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Lowering kernel args of " << F.getName() << "\n");
  for (Argument &Arg : F.args()) {
    if (Arg.getType()->isPointerTy()) {
      if (Arg.hasByValAttr())
        handleByValParam(TM, &Arg);
      else if (TM.getDrvInterface() == NVPTX::CUDA)
        markPointerAsGlobal(&Arg);
    } else if (Arg.getType()->isIntegerTy() &&
               TM.getDrvInterface() == NVPTX::CUDA) {
      HandleIntToPtr(Arg);
    }
  }
  return true;
}

// Device functions only need to copy byval args into local memory.
bool NVPTXLowerArgs::runOnDeviceFunction(const NVPTXTargetMachine &TM,
                                         Function &F) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Lowering function args of " << F.getName() << "\n");
  for (Argument &Arg : F.args())
    if (Arg.getType()->isPointerTy() && Arg.hasByValAttr())
      handleByValParam(TM, &Arg);
  return true;
}

bool NVPTXLowerArgs::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
  auto &TM = getAnalysis<TargetPassConfig>().getTM<NVPTXTargetMachine>();

  return isKernelFunction(F) ? runOnKernelFunction(TM, F)
                             : runOnDeviceFunction(TM, F);
}

FunctionPass *llvm::createNVPTXLowerArgsPass() { return new NVPTXLowerArgs(); }