xref: /dpdk/usertools/dpdk-devbind.py (revision fe93968722afe38d1bade07dcf5df0ebd35c5eb6)
1#! /usr/bin/env python
2# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3# Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation
4#
5
6import sys
7import os
8import getopt
9import subprocess
10from os.path import exists, abspath, dirname, basename
11
12# The PCI base class for all devices
13network_class = {'Class': '02', 'Vendor': None, 'Device': None,
14                    'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
15encryption_class = {'Class': '10', 'Vendor': None, 'Device': None,
16                   'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
17intel_processor_class = {'Class': '0b', 'Vendor': '8086', 'Device': None,
18                   'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
19cavium_sso = {'Class': '08', 'Vendor': '177d', 'Device': 'a04b,a04d',
20              'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
21cavium_fpa = {'Class': '08', 'Vendor': '177d', 'Device': 'a053',
22              'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
23cavium_pkx = {'Class': '08', 'Vendor': '177d', 'Device': 'a0dd,a049',
24              'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
25avp_vnic = {'Class': '05', 'Vendor': '1af4', 'Device': '1110',
26              'SVendor': None, 'SDevice': None}
27
28network_devices = [network_class, cavium_pkx, avp_vnic]
29crypto_devices = [encryption_class, intel_processor_class]
30eventdev_devices = [cavium_sso]
31mempool_devices = [cavium_fpa]
32
33# global dict ethernet devices present. Dictionary indexed by PCI address.
34# Each device within this is itself a dictionary of device properties
35devices = {}
36# list of supported DPDK drivers
37dpdk_drivers = ["igb_uio", "vfio-pci", "uio_pci_generic"]
38
39# command-line arg flags
40b_flag = None
41status_flag = False
42force_flag = False
43args = []
44
45
46def usage():
47    '''Print usage information for the program'''
48    argv0 = basename(sys.argv[0])
49    print("""
50Usage:
51------
52
53     %(argv0)s [options] DEVICE1 DEVICE2 ....
54
55where DEVICE1, DEVICE2 etc, are specified via PCI "domain:bus:slot.func" syntax
56or "bus:slot.func" syntax. For devices bound to Linux kernel drivers, they may
57also be referred to by Linux interface name e.g. eth0, eth1, em0, em1, etc.
58
59Options:
60    --help, --usage:
61        Display usage information and quit
62
63    -s, --status:
64        Print the current status of all known network, crypto, event
65        and mempool devices.
66        For each device, it displays the PCI domain, bus, slot and function,
67        along with a text description of the device. Depending upon whether the
68        device is being used by a kernel driver, the igb_uio driver, or no
69        driver, other relevant information will be displayed:
70        * the Linux interface name e.g. if=eth0
71        * the driver being used e.g. drv=igb_uio
72        * any suitable drivers not currently using that device
73            e.g. unused=igb_uio
74        NOTE: if this flag is passed along with a bind/unbind option, the
75        status display will always occur after the other operations have taken
76        place.
77
78    --status-dev:
79        Print the status of given device group. Supported device groups are:
80        "net", "crypto", "event" and "mempool"
81
82    -b driver, --bind=driver:
83        Select the driver to use or \"none\" to unbind the device
84
85    -u, --unbind:
86        Unbind a device (Equivalent to \"-b none\")
87
88    --force:
89        By default, network devices which are used by Linux - as indicated by
90        having routes in the routing table - cannot be modified. Using the
91        --force flag overrides this behavior, allowing active links to be
92        forcibly unbound.
93        WARNING: This can lead to loss of network connection and should be used
94        with caution.
95
96Examples:
97---------
98
99To display current device status:
100        %(argv0)s --status
101
102To display current network device status:
103        %(argv0)s --status-dev net
104
105To bind eth1 from the current driver and move to use igb_uio
106        %(argv0)s --bind=igb_uio eth1
107
108To unbind 0000:01:00.0 from using any driver
109        %(argv0)s -u 0000:01:00.0
110
111To bind 0000:02:00.0 and 0000:02:00.1 to the ixgbe kernel driver
112        %(argv0)s -b ixgbe 02:00.0 02:00.1
113
114    """ % locals())  # replace items from local variables
115
116
117# This is roughly compatible with check_output function in subprocess module
118# which is only available in python 2.7.
119def check_output(args, stderr=None):
120    '''Run a command and capture its output'''
121    return subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
122                            stderr=stderr).communicate()[0]
123
124
125def check_modules():
126    '''Checks that igb_uio is loaded'''
127    global dpdk_drivers
128
129    # list of supported modules
130    mods = [{"Name": driver, "Found": False} for driver in dpdk_drivers]
131
132    # first check if module is loaded
133    try:
134        # Get list of sysfs modules (both built-in and dynamically loaded)
135        sysfs_path = '/sys/module/'
136
137        # Get the list of directories in sysfs_path
138        sysfs_mods = [os.path.join(sysfs_path, o) for o
139                      in os.listdir(sysfs_path)
140                      if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(sysfs_path, o))]
141
142        # Extract the last element of '/sys/module/abc' in the array
143        sysfs_mods = [a.split('/')[-1] for a in sysfs_mods]
144
145        # special case for vfio_pci (module is named vfio-pci,
146        # but its .ko is named vfio_pci)
147        sysfs_mods = [a if a != 'vfio_pci' else 'vfio-pci' for a in sysfs_mods]
148
149        for mod in mods:
150            if mod["Name"] in sysfs_mods:
151                mod["Found"] = True
152    except:
153        pass
154
155    # check if we have at least one loaded module
156    if True not in [mod["Found"] for mod in mods] and b_flag is not None:
157        if b_flag in dpdk_drivers:
158            print("Error - no supported modules(DPDK driver) are loaded")
159            sys.exit(1)
160        else:
161            print("Warning - no supported modules(DPDK driver) are loaded")
162
163    # change DPDK driver list to only contain drivers that are loaded
164    dpdk_drivers = [mod["Name"] for mod in mods if mod["Found"]]
165
166
167def has_driver(dev_id):
168    '''return true if a device is assigned to a driver. False otherwise'''
169    return "Driver_str" in devices[dev_id]
170
171
172def get_pci_device_details(dev_id, probe_lspci):
173    '''This function gets additional details for a PCI device'''
174    device = {}
175
176    if probe_lspci:
177        extra_info = check_output(["lspci", "-vmmks", dev_id]).splitlines()
178
179        # parse lspci details
180        for line in extra_info:
181            if len(line) == 0:
182                continue
183            name, value = line.decode().split("\t", 1)
184            name = name.strip(":") + "_str"
185            device[name] = value
186    # check for a unix interface name
187    device["Interface"] = ""
188    for base, dirs, _ in os.walk("/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/" % dev_id):
189        if "net" in dirs:
190            device["Interface"] = \
191                ",".join(os.listdir(os.path.join(base, "net")))
192            break
193    # check if a port is used for ssh connection
194    device["Ssh_if"] = False
195    device["Active"] = ""
196
197    return device
198
199def clear_data():
200    '''This function clears any old data'''
201    devices = {}
202
203def get_device_details(devices_type):
204    '''This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
205    the pci addresses (domain:bus:slot.func). The values are themselves
206    dictionaries - one for each NIC.'''
207    global devices
208    global dpdk_drivers
209
210    # first loop through and read details for all devices
211    # request machine readable format, with numeric IDs and String
212    dev = {}
213    dev_lines = check_output(["lspci", "-Dvmmnnk"]).splitlines()
214    for dev_line in dev_lines:
215        if len(dev_line) == 0:
216            if device_type_match(dev, devices_type):
217                # Replace "Driver" with "Driver_str" to have consistency of
218                # of dictionary key names
219                if "Driver" in dev.keys():
220                    dev["Driver_str"] = dev.pop("Driver")
221                if "Module" in dev.keys():
222                    dev["Module_str"] = dev.pop("Module")
223                # use dict to make copy of dev
224                devices[dev["Slot"]] = dict(dev)
225            # Clear previous device's data
226            dev = {}
227        else:
228            name, value = dev_line.decode().split("\t", 1)
229            value_list = value.rsplit(' ', 1)
230            if len(value_list) > 1:
231                # String stored in <name>_str
232                dev[name.rstrip(":") + '_str'] = value_list[0]
233            # Numeric IDs
234            dev[name.rstrip(":")] = value_list[len(value_list) - 1] \
235                .rstrip("]").lstrip("[")
236
237    if devices_type == network_devices:
238        # check what is the interface if any for an ssh connection if
239        # any to this host, so we can mark it later.
240        ssh_if = []
241        route = check_output(["ip", "-o", "route"])
242        # filter out all lines for 169.254 routes
243        route = "\n".join(filter(lambda ln: not ln.startswith("169.254"),
244                             route.decode().splitlines()))
245        rt_info = route.split()
246        for i in range(len(rt_info) - 1):
247            if rt_info[i] == "dev":
248                ssh_if.append(rt_info[i+1])
249
250    # based on the basic info, get extended text details
251    for d in devices.keys():
252        if not device_type_match(devices[d], devices_type):
253            continue
254
255        # get additional info and add it to existing data
256        devices[d] = devices[d].copy()
257        # No need to probe lspci
258        devices[d].update(get_pci_device_details(d, False).items())
259
260        if devices_type == network_devices:
261            for _if in ssh_if:
262                if _if in devices[d]["Interface"].split(","):
263                    devices[d]["Ssh_if"] = True
264                    devices[d]["Active"] = "*Active*"
265                    break
266
267        # add igb_uio to list of supporting modules if needed
268        if "Module_str" in devices[d]:
269            for driver in dpdk_drivers:
270                if driver not in devices[d]["Module_str"]:
271                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = \
272                        devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
273        else:
274            devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(dpdk_drivers)
275
276        # make sure the driver and module strings do not have any duplicates
277        if has_driver(d):
278            modules = devices[d]["Module_str"].split(",")
279            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in modules:
280                modules.remove(devices[d]["Driver_str"])
281                devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(modules)
282
283
284def device_type_match(dev, devices_type):
285    for i in range(len(devices_type)):
286        param_count = len(
287            [x for x in devices_type[i].values() if x is not None])
288        match_count = 0
289        if dev["Class"][0:2] == devices_type[i]["Class"]:
290            match_count = match_count + 1
291            for key in devices_type[i].keys():
292                if key != 'Class' and devices_type[i][key]:
293                    value_list = devices_type[i][key].split(',')
294                    for value in value_list:
295                        if value.strip(' ') == dev[key]:
296                            match_count = match_count + 1
297            # count must be the number of non None parameters to match
298            if match_count == param_count:
299                return True
300    return False
301
302def dev_id_from_dev_name(dev_name):
303    '''Take a device "name" - a string passed in by user to identify a NIC
304    device, and determine the device id - i.e. the domain:bus:slot.func - for
305    it, which can then be used to index into the devices array'''
306
307    # check if it's already a suitable index
308    if dev_name in devices:
309        return dev_name
310    # check if it's an index just missing the domain part
311    elif "0000:" + dev_name in devices:
312        return "0000:" + dev_name
313    else:
314        # check if it's an interface name, e.g. eth1
315        for d in devices.keys():
316            if dev_name in devices[d]["Interface"].split(","):
317                return devices[d]["Slot"]
318    # if nothing else matches - error
319    print("Unknown device: %s. "
320          "Please specify device in \"bus:slot.func\" format" % dev_name)
321    sys.exit(1)
322
323
324def unbind_one(dev_id, force):
325    '''Unbind the device identified by "dev_id" from its current driver'''
326    dev = devices[dev_id]
327    if not has_driver(dev_id):
328        print("%s %s %s is not currently managed by any driver\n" %
329              (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"], dev["Interface"]))
330        return
331
332    # prevent us disconnecting ourselves
333    if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
334        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
335              "Skipping unbind" % (dev_id))
336        return
337
338    # write to /sys to unbind
339    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/unbind" % dev["Driver_str"]
340    try:
341        f = open(filename, "a")
342    except:
343        print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
344              % (dev_id, filename))
345        sys.exit(1)
346    f.write(dev_id)
347    f.close()
348
349
350def bind_one(dev_id, driver, force):
351    '''Bind the device given by "dev_id" to the driver "driver". If the device
352    is already bound to a different driver, it will be unbound first'''
353    dev = devices[dev_id]
354    saved_driver = None  # used to rollback any unbind in case of failure
355
356    # prevent disconnection of our ssh session
357    if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
358        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
359              "Not modifying" % (dev_id))
360        return
361
362    # unbind any existing drivers we don't want
363    if has_driver(dev_id):
364        if dev["Driver_str"] == driver:
365            print("%s already bound to driver %s, skipping\n"
366                  % (dev_id, driver))
367            return
368        else:
369            saved_driver = dev["Driver_str"]
370            unbind_one(dev_id, force)
371            dev["Driver_str"] = ""  # clear driver string
372
373    # For kernels >= 3.15 driver_override can be used to specify the driver
374    # for a device rather than relying on the driver to provide a positive
375    # match of the device.  The existing process of looking up
376    # the vendor and device ID, adding them to the driver new_id,
377    # will erroneously bind other devices too which has the additional burden
378    # of unbinding those devices
379    if driver in dpdk_drivers:
380        filename = "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver_override" % dev_id
381        if os.path.exists(filename):
382            try:
383                f = open(filename, "w")
384            except:
385                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
386                      % (dev_id, filename))
387                return
388            try:
389                f.write("%s" % driver)
390                f.close()
391            except:
392                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot write driver %s to "
393                      "PCI ID " % (dev_id, driver))
394                return
395        # For kernels < 3.15 use new_id to add PCI id's to the driver
396        else:
397            filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/new_id" % driver
398            try:
399                f = open(filename, "w")
400            except:
401                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
402                      % (dev_id, filename))
403                return
404            try:
405                # Convert Device and Vendor Id to int to write to new_id
406                f.write("%04x %04x" % (int(dev["Vendor"],16),
407                        int(dev["Device"], 16)))
408                f.close()
409            except:
410                print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot write new PCI ID to "
411                      "driver %s" % (dev_id, driver))
412                return
413
414    # do the bind by writing to /sys
415    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/drivers/%s/bind" % driver
416    try:
417        f = open(filename, "a")
418    except:
419        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
420              % (dev_id, filename))
421        if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
422            bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
423        return
424    try:
425        f.write(dev_id)
426        f.close()
427    except:
428        # for some reason, closing dev_id after adding a new PCI ID to new_id
429        # results in IOError. however, if the device was successfully bound,
430        # we don't care for any errors and can safely ignore IOError
431        tmp = get_pci_device_details(dev_id, True)
432        if "Driver_str" in tmp and tmp["Driver_str"] == driver:
433            return
434        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot bind to driver %s"
435              % (dev_id, driver))
436        if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
437            bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
438        return
439
440    # For kernels > 3.15 driver_override is used to bind a device to a driver.
441    # Before unbinding it, overwrite driver_override with empty string so that
442    # the device can be bound to any other driver
443    filename = "/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver_override" % dev_id
444    if os.path.exists(filename):
445        try:
446            f = open(filename, "w")
447        except:
448            print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
449                  % (dev_id, filename))
450            sys.exit(1)
451        try:
452            f.write("\00")
453            f.close()
454        except:
455            print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
456                  % (dev_id, filename))
457            sys.exit(1)
458
459
460def unbind_all(dev_list, force=False):
461    """Unbind method, takes a list of device locations"""
462
463    if dev_list[0] == "dpdk":
464        for d in devices.keys():
465            if "Driver_str" in devices[d]:
466                if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in dpdk_drivers:
467                    unbind_one(devices[d]["Slot"], force)
468        return
469
470    dev_list = map(dev_id_from_dev_name, dev_list)
471    for d in dev_list:
472        unbind_one(d, force)
473
474
475def bind_all(dev_list, driver, force=False):
476    """Bind method, takes a list of device locations"""
477    global devices
478
479    dev_list = map(dev_id_from_dev_name, dev_list)
480
481    for d in dev_list:
482        bind_one(d, driver, force)
483
484    # For kernels < 3.15 when binding devices to a generic driver
485    # (i.e. one that doesn't have a PCI ID table) using new_id, some devices
486    # that are not bound to any other driver could be bound even if no one has
487    # asked them to. hence, we check the list of drivers again, and see if
488    # some of the previously-unbound devices were erroneously bound.
489    if not os.path.exists("/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/driver_override" % d):
490        for d in devices.keys():
491            # skip devices that were already bound or that we know should be bound
492            if "Driver_str" in devices[d] or d in dev_list:
493                continue
494
495            # update information about this device
496            devices[d] = dict(devices[d].items() +
497                              get_pci_device_details(d, True).items())
498
499            # check if updated information indicates that the device was bound
500            if "Driver_str" in devices[d]:
501                unbind_one(d, force)
502
503
504def display_devices(title, dev_list, extra_params=None):
505    '''Displays to the user the details of a list of devices given in
506    "dev_list". The "extra_params" parameter, if given, should contain a string
507     with %()s fields in it for replacement by the named fields in each
508     device's dictionary.'''
509    strings = []  # this holds the strings to print. We sort before printing
510    print("\n%s" % title)
511    print("="*len(title))
512    if len(dev_list) == 0:
513        strings.append("<none>")
514    else:
515        for dev in dev_list:
516            if extra_params is not None:
517                strings.append("%s '%s %s' %s" % (dev["Slot"],
518                                               dev["Device_str"],
519                                               dev["Device"],
520                                               extra_params % dev))
521            else:
522                strings.append("%s '%s'" % (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"]))
523    # sort before printing, so that the entries appear in PCI order
524    strings.sort()
525    print("\n".join(strings))  # print one per line
526
527def show_device_status(devices_type, device_name):
528    global dpdk_drivers
529    kernel_drv = []
530    dpdk_drv = []
531    no_drv = []
532
533    # split our list of network devices into the three categories above
534    for d in devices.keys():
535        if device_type_match(devices[d], devices_type):
536            if not has_driver(d):
537                no_drv.append(devices[d])
538                continue
539            if devices[d]["Driver_str"] in dpdk_drivers:
540                dpdk_drv.append(devices[d])
541            else:
542                kernel_drv.append(devices[d])
543
544    # print each category separately, so we can clearly see what's used by DPDK
545    display_devices("%s devices using DPDK-compatible driver" % device_name,
546                    dpdk_drv, "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s")
547    display_devices("%s devices using kernel driver" % device_name, kernel_drv,
548                    "if=%(Interface)s drv=%(Driver_str)s "
549                    "unused=%(Module_str)s %(Active)s")
550    display_devices("Other %s devices" % device_name, no_drv,
551                    "unused=%(Module_str)s")
552
553def show_status():
554    '''Function called when the script is passed the "--status" option.
555    Displays to the user what devices are bound to the igb_uio driver, the
556    kernel driver or to no driver'''
557
558    if status_dev == "net" or status_dev == "all":
559        show_device_status(network_devices, "Network")
560
561    if status_dev == "crypto" or status_dev == "all":
562        show_device_status(crypto_devices, "Crypto")
563
564    if status_dev == "event" or status_dev == "all":
565        show_device_status(eventdev_devices, "Eventdev")
566
567    if status_dev == "mempool" or status_dev == "all":
568        show_device_status(mempool_devices, "Mempool")
569
570def parse_args():
571    '''Parses the command-line arguments given by the user and takes the
572    appropriate action for each'''
573    global b_flag
574    global status_flag
575    global status_dev
576    global force_flag
577    global args
578    if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
579        usage()
580        sys.exit(0)
581
582    try:
583        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "b:us",
584                                   ["help", "usage", "status", "status-dev=",
585                                    "force", "bind=", "unbind", ])
586    except getopt.GetoptError as error:
587        print(str(error))
588        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
589        sys.exit(1)
590
591    for opt, arg in opts:
592        if opt == "--help" or opt == "--usage":
593            usage()
594            sys.exit(0)
595        if opt == "--status-dev":
596            status_flag = True
597            status_dev = arg
598        if opt == "--status" or opt == "-s":
599            status_flag = True
600            status_dev = "all"
601        if opt == "--force":
602            force_flag = True
603        if opt == "-b" or opt == "-u" or opt == "--bind" or opt == "--unbind":
604            if b_flag is not None:
605                print("Error - Only one bind or unbind may be specified\n")
606                sys.exit(1)
607            if opt == "-u" or opt == "--unbind":
608                b_flag = "none"
609            else:
610                b_flag = arg
611
612
613def do_arg_actions():
614    '''do the actual action requested by the user'''
615    global b_flag
616    global status_flag
617    global force_flag
618    global args
619
620    if b_flag is None and not status_flag:
621        print("Error: No action specified for devices."
622              "Please give a -b or -u option")
623        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
624        sys.exit(1)
625
626    if b_flag is not None and len(args) == 0:
627        print("Error: No devices specified.")
628        print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
629        sys.exit(1)
630
631    if b_flag == "none" or b_flag == "None":
632        unbind_all(args, force_flag)
633    elif b_flag is not None:
634        bind_all(args, b_flag, force_flag)
635    if status_flag:
636        if b_flag is not None:
637            clear_data()
638            # refresh if we have changed anything
639            get_device_details(network_devices)
640            get_device_details(crypto_devices)
641            get_device_details(eventdev_devices)
642            get_device_details(mempool_devices)
643        show_status()
644
645
646def main():
647    '''program main function'''
648    parse_args()
649    check_modules()
650    clear_data()
651    get_device_details(network_devices)
652    get_device_details(crypto_devices)
653    get_device_details(eventdev_devices)
654    get_device_details(mempool_devices)
655    do_arg_actions()
656
657if __name__ == "__main__":
658    main()
659